JPH0657049U - AC charging / discharging device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] AC charging / discharging device characterized by charging and discharging without rectifying the fluctuating input voltage by providing multiple batteries and switches [Purpose] Nighttime power or solar panel power charging,
Measures for power saving and blackouts by discharging electricity when demanded. Provides a compact power supply for portable devices. [Structure] Multiple batteries and switches, control devices that turn the switches on and off, sensors such as galvanometers, etc.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a device that stores nighttime electric power in a battery and uses it together with solar energy at the time of daytime demand.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 The solar cell and nighttime rechargeable battery were separate systems. In addition, when charging, the battery was charged by rectifying the AC voltage and installing a constant voltage (or as a constant current) external resistance, resulting in a large loss. At the time of discharge, it was converted into alternating current as an inverter. Rectification required large capacitors and inductance, and the current of the battery element could not be changed individually.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 In the present invention, a battery with large and small voltages is combined to generate a waveform close to an alternating current, and the input is divided into the alternating current (without rectification) in time to charge the battery to reduce loss and improve battery efficiency. Can be made. The device is compact and can use solar energy at the same time, and attempts to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

FIG. 1 is a principle view of an AC charging / discharging device according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a voltage line of an AC voltage of a power company. 2 is a voltage line by this device. Reference numeral 3 is a bidirectional switch group. Reference numeral 4 denotes a battery element group (B1 to B8, b1 to b10 connected in series). 5 is a solar panel, 6 is a load, and in the case of a home, it is an electric light, a washing machine, a television, etc. First, at night, the switch s100 is turned on and the battery is charged directly from the AC voltage. Although details are omitted, for example, in the positive half-wave, s1 and s37 are first turned on to charge b10, and as the voltage increases, b9, b8, ... B8, B7, B6 are charged. In the negative half-wave, s19 and s21 turn on to charge b1, and then b2, b3 ... B1, B2. By alternately scanning in this way, the charge amount is averaged.

During the daytime, when parallel operation with AC 1 is not performed, s100 is turned off and s1 to s38 are turned on / off to generate AC (stepwise). At the same time, the voltage from the solar panel 5 is applied. These are applied to the load 6. Most of the voltage from the solar panel is 100 V or less, and the voltage changes depending on the condition of the sun. As one of countermeasures against this, a switch s200 and a capacitor 8 are provided. Reference numeral 7 is a control device that produces a signal for driving the switch.

[0006]

[Figure 2]

FIG. 1 is a waveform diagram of an operating voltage (during daytime discharge) in FIG. In the figure, 11 is the output voltage waveform from the battery, 12 is the output voltage waveform from the solar panel, and 14 is the time axis. Reference numeral 13 is a charging voltage waveform of the capacitor 8, and the switch s200 is turned on and discharged at point A. This current flows to the load 6 to reduce the current flowing out from the battery, but depending on the condition, the battery is charged through the bidirectional switch s. Since the s200 turns off after passing the positive half-wave, the solar panel power supply is added to the battery power in the shaded area. Of course, there is also a method of turning on s200 from the start point (B) of the positive half wave, but a large inrush current occurs at point B.

As in the above example, the remaining charge amount of each battery varies during discharging. Since the charge / discharge amount for each battery is calculated separately by the detector and controller, it is good to charge only the unbalanced battery when charging. For example, when the charge amount of B1 is insufficient, the other switches may be turned off and s22, s16 (positive half-wave) and s23, s17 (negative half-wave) may be turned on / off at appropriate timing.

As described above, if the four switches are turned on and off in a timely manner, it is possible to directly charge the battery with a single voltage from the commercial alternating current, thus eliminating the need for a transformer and a rectifying device as in the conventional case. Therefore, it can be applied to general portable devices and cordless devices, and a charging device can be built in (because of its small size and light weight).

Reference numeral 9 in FIG. 2 denotes a protection circuit resistor. For example, when the switch S100 is off, if 9 has a high resistance, a weak current flows and an appropriate voltage is generated in the galvanometer 10, but if the resistance or voltage (load state) of 2 is abnormal, the main switch S100 Does not turn on, but lets the user use a buzzer or flicker lamp. If there is an abnormality with respect to leakage (detected by the unbalanced voltage between the two resistors 9) or lightning, S100 is not turned on. The galvanometer 10 performs the abnormal current after S100 is turned on, and turns off S100.

As described above, according to the present device, it has been shown that it is possible to charge the nighttime electric power in the form of alternating current and use it with the solar panel in the daytime with a small and lightweight device.

【Example】

[0011]

FIG. 3 shows a slightly more detailed exemplary embodiment. First, when the apparatus is not used, only the switch S300 is turned on, and a 100v commercial power source is applied to the load 6. At night, switch S100 is turned on and the device is'charged '. The battery elements 4 are connected in series. (B1, B2, B3 ... B8, b1, b2, ... b9, b10). Now, it is assumed that the B group is 12 volts and the b group is 2 volts.

An arbitrary voltage up to 120 V can be generated in units of 2 V depending on which part of the switch group 3 (s1 to s38) is turned “on”. For example, if you want to charge at +104 volts, turn on s24 and s2. Further, in view of the balance of the battery charge amount, when it is desired to particularly charge B2, s25, s12 (in the positive half-wave) or S26, S13 (in the negative half-wave) may be turned on. The control device 7 comprehensively determines the value of the voltage of the supply line 2, the time, the charging / discharging current value, the charge amount, etc. to determine which switch is turned on / off. If the charging is completed uniformly for all batteries, the time has expired, or the battery is abnormal, S100 is turned off.

The discharge is performed as follows. First, generally, S300 is turned off. (It remains on during parallel operation). Next, S100 is turned on, and in synchronism with the commercial AC voltage 1, an appropriate switch is turned on / off every moment from s1 to s38. First, scan from A, and then scan from B. S200 turns on at a time equal to the battery voltage of 2 on the positive half-wave. In this way, the parallel operation of the battery 4 and the solar panel 5 (power supply to the load 6 or charging of the surplus power of the battery) is performed.

Reference numeral 17 is a coil for reducing di / dt, and 16 is a timepiece. 20 A coil for detecting the current flowing in and out of the battery. Discharging is not performed until the charge amount reaches 0, and it is preferable to leave a few percent. This is because it is also used as an uninterruptible power supply.

Further, various types of switches (s1 to s400) can be considered in FIG. Since the s100 and s300 operate at a low frequency of about once a day, a relay switch (with a low on-resistance) may be used, but for s1 to 38, a high-frequency operation / high-current device (currently a semiconductor) is preferable. Yes.

In FIG. 3, a method of receiving electric power from the solar panel 5 different from that of FIG. 1 is described. That is, the switches s41 to s58 are provided, and the switches to be turned on are changed according to the fluctuating voltage from the panel. Semiconductors may be used for the switches s46 to s53 that are turned on when the voltage is high, but other switches are preferably relays.

As another application example of the present apparatus, a high frequency power source and a variable power source used while moving can be considered. In the above description, the switching speed of the switches (s1 to 38) was such that the output was synchronized with the input commercial waveform. However, if s100 is turned off and the switching speed of the switches is increased, a high frequency power supply is obtained. Become. On the other hand, if the on-time (duty ratio) is changed within one switch time, the output variable power supply is obtained. So-called pulse width modulation (PWM) can be used without the conventional drawback of large spike noise. Reference numeral 15 indicates such another energy utilization mechanism, which instructs the control device 7 about the cycle and the output value.

[Effect of device]

 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a compact device that efficiently charges a battery from a plurality of fluctuating input voltages and obtains a high-quality output. Economically, it can be used for uninterruptible devices, variable power supplies, and high-frequency power supplies, as well as being able to store inexpensive nighttime electric power and solar energy and use it during daytime demand.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Figure 1] Principle diagram

[Figure 2] Voltage waveform

FIG. 3 Example

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Commercial AC power supply line 2 Output voltage line of this device 3 Switch group 4 Battery element group 5 Solar panel 6 Load (light, air conditioner, etc.) 7 Switch control device 8 Capacitor 9 Protection detector 10 Current (and voltage) detection Device 11 AC voltage waveform 12 Solar panel output voltage 13 Capacitor voltage waveform 14 Time axis 15 Other load 16 Clock

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. An AC voltage charging / discharging device comprising: a battery having a plurality of different voltages; a group of switches connecting a variable voltage line to the battery; and a control mechanism for turning on / off the switches.