JPH0630757B2 - Water quality monitoring method and water quality control method - Google Patents
Water quality monitoring method and water quality control methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0630757B2 JPH0630757B2 JP60061412A JP6141285A JPH0630757B2 JP H0630757 B2 JPH0630757 B2 JP H0630757B2 JP 60061412 A JP60061412 A JP 60061412A JP 6141285 A JP6141285 A JP 6141285A JP H0630757 B2 JPH0630757 B2 JP H0630757B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- water quality
- ion concentration
- concentration
- index
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
Landscapes
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、海水淡水化装置からの製造水、工業用水、冷
水塔の循環水等による配管の腐食及びスケールの析出を
防止することを目的として、金属管、コンクリート管、
アスベストライニング管の内面に保護皮膜を形成させ、
かつ必要以上のスケールの析出を防止するための水質の
監視及び制御方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention aims to prevent corrosion of pipes and deposition of scale due to production water from a seawater desalination apparatus, industrial water, circulating water of a cold water tower, and the like. As metal pipe, concrete pipe,
Form a protective film on the inner surface of the asbestos lining pipe,
In addition, the present invention relates to a water quality monitoring and controlling method for preventing excessive scale deposition.
（従来の技術） 海水淡水化装置で得られた製造水は非常に純度がよく、
すなわち水中に溶解している蒸発残留物が少なく、純水
に近い場合、配管例えば鋼管の場合には鋼管の鉄分が製
造水に溶解し、鋼管が減肉する一方、製造水が赤い水と
なったり、またコンクリート管やアスベストライニング
管ではセメント成分やアスベスト成分が製造水に溶解す
る等問題を生じていた。(Prior Art) The production water obtained by the seawater desalination apparatus has very good purity,
That is, when the amount of evaporation residue dissolved in water is small and it is close to pure water, in the case of piping such as steel pipe, the iron content of the steel pipe is dissolved in the production water, and the steel pipe is thinned, while the production water becomes red water. In addition, concrete pipes and asbestos lining pipes have problems such as dissolution of cement components and asbestos components in manufacturing water.
さらに、開放循環冷却系の冷水塔において、循環冷却水
を高濃縮運転すると空気中の炭酸ガスの吸収により炭酸
カルシウムのスケールが伝熱管上に析出し、伝熱効果を
妨ける結果になっていた。Furthermore, in a cold water tower with an open circulation cooling system, when the circulating cooling water was highly concentrated, absorption of carbon dioxide in the air caused calcium carbonate scale to deposit on the heat transfer tubes, resulting in hindering the heat transfer effect. .
このような障害を解決するために従来は、前者の海水淡
水化装置からの製造水の場合には、製造水に炭酸カルシ
ウム、水酸化カルシウム等のカルシウム硬度剤やアルカ
リ剤を注入して水質を飽和化及び安定化させることによ
り、管内壁からの金属イオンやライニング成分の溶解を
防止し、逆に保護皮膜として若干のスケールを形成させ
る方法を採用している。In order to solve such obstacles, conventionally, in the case of the production water from the former seawater desalination apparatus, calcium hardness and alkaline agents such as calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide are injected into the production water to improve the water quality. By saturation and stabilization, a method of preventing dissolution of metal ions and lining components from the inner wall of the tube and conversely forming a small scale as a protective film is adopted.
また、後者の冷水塔の循環水の場合には、高濃縮倍率を
下げたり、リン酸塩系のスケール析出抑制剤を添加する
手段をとっている。Further, in the case of the circulating water in the latter cold water tower, a means for lowering the high concentration ratio or adding a phosphate-based scale precipitation inhibitor is used.
これらの硬化剤、アルカリ剤、スケール析出抑制剤の添
加量は、原水の水素イオン濃度指数 (pH)や全硬度を測
定して目安としていた。The addition amounts of these curing agents, alkaline agents, and scale deposition inhibitors were used as a guide by measuring the hydrogen ion concentration index (pH) and total hardness of raw water.
さらに高度な判定法としては、スケール析出−腐食の関
係を求めたランジェリエ飽和指数（以下L.I.と記載す
る）やリズナの安定指数（以下S.I.と記載する）によっ
て水質を判定する方法も採用している。As a more advanced judgment method, a method for judging water quality is also used by the Langerje saturation index (hereinafter referred to as LI) that has obtained the scale precipitation-corrosion relationship and the rizna stability index (hereinafter referred to as SI). .
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） しかし、L.I.及びS.I.はカルシウムイオン濃度、アルカ
リ度、pH、温度より求められるもので、実用面ではそれ
らの値を水質分析等により求めてから添加量を決定する
もので、時間的な遅れは避けられず、また手数もかかっ
ていた。特にアルカリ度は滴定による化学分析によって
求めなければならず非常に手数を要していた。(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, LI and SI are obtained from calcium ion concentration, alkalinity, pH, and temperature. In practical terms, those values are obtained by water quality analysis, etc. before determining the addition amount. However, there was an unavoidable delay in time, and it also took time. In particular, alkalinity had to be obtained by chemical analysis by titration, which was extremely troublesome.
この時間的な遅れは、水質分析中に原水の水質が変化し
た場合、誤ったデータによって制御することになり、配
管の腐食あるいはスケールの析出を促進させる結果にも
なり得る状態であった。This time delay was controlled by incorrect data when the water quality of the raw water changed during the water quality analysis, and could be the result of accelerating corrosion of the pipe or deposition of scale.
（問題点を解決するための手段） そこで本発明は、従来の煩雑な水質分析の操作に代っ
て、水中のカルシウムイオン濃度、炭酸濃度、水素イオ
ン濃度および水温を検出することにより水のL.I.及び／
又はS.I.を演算し、表示させ、更にはこの自動演算した
L.I.及びS.I.を予め入力した設定値の範囲内に維持する
ように酸、アルカリ注入を行うことを特徴とする水質監
視及び制御方法を提供するものである。(Means for Solving Problems) Therefore, in the present invention, the LI of water is detected by detecting the calcium ion concentration, the carbonic acid concentration, the hydrogen ion concentration and the water temperature in the water instead of the conventional complicated water quality analysis operation. as well as/
Or SI is calculated and displayed, and further this automatic calculation is performed.
It is intended to provide a water quality monitoring and control method characterized by performing acid and alkali injection so as to maintain LI and SI within a range of preset values.
（作用） 一般に、ランジェリエ飽和指数（L.I.）及びリズナ安定
指数（S.I.）は下記のように表示されている。(Function) Generally, the Langerje saturation index (LI) and the Rizna stability index (SI) are expressed as follows.
Ｌ．Ｉ．＝pH−pHs Ｓ．Ｉ．＝２（pHs）−pH ここで、pHは原水の水素イオン濃度指数であり pH＝−log〔Ｈ+〕 ｐＨ＜９の場合 pHs＝（pK2−pKs）−log〔Ｃa2+〕−log〔ALK〕 で表され、 Ｋ2は炭酸の第２解離定数 ＫsはCaCO3のイオン積 ALKは原水のアルカリ度である。L. I. = PH-pHs S.I. I. = 2 (pHs) -pH Here, pH if is pH = -log [H +] pH <9 hydrogen ion concentration index of raw water pHs = (pK 2 -pKs) -log [Ca 2+] -log It is represented by [ALK], K 2 is the second dissociation constant of carbonic acid, Ks is the ion product of CaCO 3 , and ALK is the alkalinity of raw water.
原水の水質は Ｌ．Ｉ．＝０，６＜Ｓ．Ｉ．＜７であれば平衡状態 Ｌ．Ｉ．＜０，Ｓ．Ｉ．＞８であれば腐食傾向 Ｌ．Ｉ．＞０，Ｓ．Ｉ．＜６であればスケール形成傾向 を示している。The quality of raw water is L. I. = 0,6 <S. I. Equilibrium if <7. I. <0, S. I. If> 8, corrosion tendency L. I. > 0, S. I. If <6, the scale formation tendency is shown.
本発明者は、上式のK2，Ks,ALKが個々の原水に対して飽
和結合炭酸濃度［CO2 ］，水素イオン濃度(pH)，及び原
水温度によって定まる値であることを追求し、すなわ
ち、 は温度の関数として表されており、 また も温度によって定まる値であり、温度の関数である。The present inventor pursued that K 2 , Ks, and ALK in the above formula are values determined by the saturated bond carbonic acid concentration [CO 2 ], the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and the raw water temperature for each raw water, That is, Is expressed as a function of temperature, and Is also a value determined by temperature and is a function of temperature.
次にALK は個々の原水に対して〔ＨＣＯ〕に関係し、
一方、 は温度の関数として表されていることから、原水の温
度、pH、CO2濃度を測定すればALK を求めることができ
る。ALK then relates to [HCO] for each raw water,
on the other hand, Since is expressed as a function of temperature, ALK can be obtained by measuring the temperature, pH, and CO 2 concentration of raw water.
従って、pHs は原水の炭酸濃度、水素イオン濃度、温
度、カルシウムイオン濃度を計測し、演算することによ
って求めることができ、L.I.,S.I.も容易に計算するこ
とができる。Therefore, pHs can be obtained by measuring and calculating the carbon dioxide concentration, hydrogen ion concentration, temperature, and calcium ion concentration of raw water, and LI and SI can be easily calculated.
上記のL.I.及び又はS.I.を自動演算させるデータは水素
イオン濃度はpH計により、カルシウムイオン濃度及び炭
酸ガス濃度はイオン電極及び隔膜電極によって計測し、
何れも電気信号として取出し、温度も電気信号に変換
し、これらの計測用器具は市販のものが使用でき、計測
は簡単に実施できる。ここでL.I.の設定値として−0.5
〜+0.5の範囲とし、S.I.は6.0 〜7.0 を最適とする。も
しこれらの値を逸脱する場合、例えばL.I ＝−0.9 S.I
＝8.7 となれば腐食傾向にあることから、酸性剤、アル
カリ剤、硬度剤等の注入を行い水質を制御することが出
来る。なおL.I.及びS.I.の設定範囲については装置設計
や水質に応じて多少変動があるため適宜定める必要があ
る。The data for automatically calculating the above LI and / or SI is hydrogen ion concentration measured by a pH meter, calcium ion concentration and carbon dioxide gas concentration measured by an ion electrode and a diaphragm electrode,
Both of them are taken out as an electric signal and the temperature is also converted into an electric signal, and commercially available measuring instruments can be used, and the measurement can be easily performed. Here, as the set value of LI, −0.5
The optimum range for SI is 6.0 to 7.0. If these values are deviated, for example, LI = −0.9 SI
= 8.7, there is a tendency to corrode, so it is possible to control the water quality by injecting acid agents, alkali agents, hardness agents, etc. It should be noted that the setting range of LI and SI will need to be set appropriately because there is some variation depending on the device design and water quality.
（実施例） 図は本発明の水質監視方法を具体化した装置のフローシ
ートである。(Example) The figure is a flow sheet of an apparatus embodying the water quality monitoring method of the present invention.
図において、１は分析器、２はトランスミッタ、３はイ
ンターフェイス、４はデジタル表示器、６は演算器、７
はL.I.デジタル表示器、８はS.I.デジタル表示器、９は
ケミカル注入自動弁装置、10は炭酸ガス注入自動弁装置
であって、分析器１及びトランスミッタ２は現場に設置
され、インターフェイス３、デジタル表示器４、記録計
５及び演算器６はパネルに取付けられている。ケミカル
注入自動弁装置９及び炭酸ガス注入自動弁装置10は現場
に設置されている。In the figure, 1 is an analyzer, 2 is a transmitter, 3 is an interface, 4 is a digital display, 6 is a calculator, and 7 is a calculator.
Is an LI digital display, 8 is a SI digital display, 9 is a chemical injection automatic valve device, and 10 is a carbon dioxide gas injection automatic valve device. The analyzer 1 and transmitter 2 are installed on site, and the interface 3 and digital display are provided. The device 4, the recorder 5 and the calculator 6 are mounted on the panel. The chemical injection automatic valve device 9 and the carbon dioxide gas injection automatic valve device 10 are installed on site.
この水質監視装置の作動は次のとおりである。The operation of this water quality monitoring device is as follows.
分析用のサンプル入口管11から導入された水は、出口管
12へ流れ、その間分析器１に設けられた温度計13、カル
シウムイオン濃度計14、炭酸濃度計15、およびpH計16で
それぞれ測定され、トランスミッタ２およびインターフ
ェイス３を通過して電気信号に変換され、必要に応じて
デジタル表示器４で表示され、記録計５に記録される。Water introduced from the sample inlet pipe 11 for analysis is
12 and during that time, it is measured by a thermometer 13, a calcium ion concentration meter 14, a carbonate concentration meter 15, and a pH meter 16 provided in the analyzer 1, respectively, and passed through a transmitter 2 and an interface 3 to be converted into an electric signal. The data is displayed on the digital display 4 as necessary and recorded in the recorder 5.
これらの電気信号は演算器６に入力され、L.I.及びS.I.
が計算表示されるとともに、このL.I.,S.Iに基づき、予
め演算器に入力された設定値即ちL.I＝−0.5 ＋0.5 、
S.I.＝6.0 〜7.0 との差を検出し、この差を減少させる
電気信号に従って、ケミカル注入自動弁装置９を作動さ
せたり、炭酸ガス注入自動弁装置10を作動させる。尤も
この両自動弁装置は、必要に応じてデジタル表示に従っ
て手動に切替えて注入作業を行うこともできる。These electric signals are input to the computing unit 6, and LI and SI
Is calculated and displayed, and based on this LI and SI, the set value input to the arithmetic unit in advance, that is, LI = −0.5 + 0.5,
A difference between SI = 6.0 and 7.0 is detected, and the chemical injection automatic valve device 9 or the carbon dioxide gas injection automatic valve device 10 is operated according to an electric signal for reducing the difference. However, both of these automatic valve devices can be switched to manual operation according to the digital display as needed to perform the injection work.
また、制御すべき原水の流量が変動する場合には、配管
中に流量計を設置し、流量変動に応じて注入量を設定、
制御できることはもちろんである。If the flow rate of raw water to be controlled fluctuates, install a flow meter in the pipe and set the injection amount according to the flow rate fluctuation.
Of course, it can be controlled.
（効果） 海水淡水化より生成した淡水、逆浸透圧装置の給水、あ
るいは一般の河川水のパイプ輸送、またはクーリングタ
ワーの循環水によるスケール析出、配管の腐食等のトラ
ブルを避けるため、従来使用する水のカルシウムイオン
濃度、炭酸濃度、水素イオン濃度、アルカリ度および温
度を測定し、その値に基づいてL.I.及びS.I.を求め、こ
の指数を監視しつつ薬剤を注入してスケール生成および
腐食を防ぐ操作を手作業で行っており、個々の分析は厄
介であり、かつL.I.,S.I. の計算も煩雑であったが、本
発明ではカルシウムイオン濃度、炭酸濃度、水素イオン
濃度及び温度の計測値を基礎として演算でL.I.及びS.I.
をパネルに表示し、更には予め入力設定した値の差異を
検出して、これを補正するため、ケミカル注入自動弁装
置、炭酸ガス注入自動弁装置を作動させる構成としたか
ら、L.I.,S.I. は簡単に確認でき、しかも常にL.I.,S.
I.を設定値に維持でき、補正作業は自動化によって迅速
化し、原水の水質の変化にもよく追従してスケール析出
によるトラブルや腐食に起因する鉄管の赤い水の流出あ
るいはコンクリート成分の溶解は避けられ、その効果は
大である。(Effect) Fresh water produced by seawater desalination, water supply for reverse osmosis equipment, pipe transportation of general river water, or water used conventionally to avoid problems such as scale precipitation and pipe corrosion due to circulating water in the cooling tower. Calcium ion concentration, carbonic acid concentration, hydrogen ion concentration, alkalinity and temperature are measured, LI and SI are calculated based on the measured values, and the chemicals are injected while monitoring this index to prevent scale formation and corrosion. Although it was done manually, each analysis was troublesome and the calculation of LI and SI was complicated, but in the present invention, calculation is performed based on the measured values of calcium ion concentration, carbonic acid concentration, hydrogen ion concentration and temperature. At LI and SI
Is displayed on the panel, and the difference between the preset values is detected, and in order to correct this, the chemical injection automatic valve device and the carbon dioxide gas injection automatic valve device are activated. Easy to check, and always LI, S.
I. can be maintained at the set value, the correction work can be accelerated by automation, and it can follow the changes in the water quality of the raw water well, avoiding troubles due to scale deposition and red water outflow from iron pipes or dissolution of concrete components due to corrosion. The effect is great.
図は本発明を具体化した水質監視装置の一実施例におけ
るフローシートである。 １……分析器、２……トランスミッタ、 ３……インターフェイス、 ４……デジタル表示器、５……記録計、 ６……演算器、７……L.I.デジタル表示器、 ８……S.I.デジタル表示器、 ９……ケミカル注入自動弁装置、 10……炭酸ガス注入自動弁装置、 11……サンプル入口管、12……出口管、 13……温度計、 14……カルシウムイオン濃度 15……炭酸濃度計、16……pH計。The figure is a flow sheet of one embodiment of a water quality monitoring device embodying the present invention. 1 ... analyzer, 2 ... transmitter, 3 ... interface, 4 ... digital display, 5 ... recorder, 6 ... calculator, 7 ... LI digital display, 8 ... SI digital display , 9 ... Automatic chemical injection valve device, 10 ... Carbon dioxide injection automatic valve device, 11 ... Sample inlet pipe, 12 ... Outlet pipe, 13 ... Thermometer, 14 ... Calcium ion concentration 15 ... Carbonate concentration Total, 16 …… pH meter.
Claims (2)
水素イオン濃度及び水温を検知して、これらより水の飽
和指数、及び／又は安定指数を演算し、表示させること
により水の腐食性、スケール性を監視することを特徴と
する水質監視方法。1. A calcium ion concentration, a carbonic acid concentration in water,
A water quality monitoring method comprising detecting a hydrogen ion concentration and a water temperature, calculating and displaying a saturation index and / or a stability index of water from these, and monitoring the corrosiveness and scaleability of the water.
水素イオン濃度及び水温を検知して、これらより水の飽
和指数、及び／又は安定指数を演算し、この演算した水
の飽和指数、及び／又は安定指数を、予め入力した設定
値の範囲内に維持するように酸、アルカリ注入を行うこ
とを特徴とする水質制御方法。2. A calcium ion concentration, a carbonic acid concentration in water,
Detect the hydrogen ion concentration and water temperature, calculate the saturation index and / or stability index of water from these, and calculate the saturation index and / or stability index of this water within the range of the preset value. A method for controlling water quality, which comprises injecting acid and alkali so as to maintain the water content.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60061412A JPH0630757B2 (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Water quality monitoring method and water quality control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60061412A JPH0630757B2 (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Water quality monitoring method and water quality control method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61220793A JPS61220793A (en) | 1986-10-01 |
| JPH0630757B2 true JPH0630757B2 (en) | 1994-04-27 |
Family
ID=13170378
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60061412A Expired - Lifetime JPH0630757B2 (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Water quality monitoring method and water quality control method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0630757B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2706198B2 (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1998-01-28 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Corrosion protection device for air conditioning |
| JP2896430B2 (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1999-05-31 | 東洋ハウジング 株式会社 | How to prevent rust in piping |
| JPH06234117A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1994-08-23 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Preventive device for powder settlement on wall surface |
| JPH06287777A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1994-10-11 | Suido Kiko Kk | Method for lowering corrosiveness of water |
| JPH07109585A (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1995-04-25 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Treatment of circulating water |
| ES2132911T3 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-08-16 | Implico Bv | WATER STABILIZATION. |
| JP4292380B2 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2009-07-08 | オルガノ株式会社 | Concentration management method and concentration management apparatus for water treatment chemicals |
| JP4672473B2 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2011-04-20 | 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 | Method and apparatus for measuring scale inhibitor concentration |
| JP5025961B2 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社フジタ | Method of grasping the concentration change of dissolved calcium |
| WO2011045878A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Method for examining water qulaity and heat-pump type hot-water supply system operated using the method |
| WO2012144277A1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | 富士電機株式会社 | Scale inhibition method and geothermal power generating device |
| JP5468638B2 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2014-04-09 | 株式会社フジタ | Method of grasping the concentration change of dissolved calcium |
| JP6029744B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-11-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Water quality diagnostic method, water quality diagnostic device and water heater system |
| JP6287606B2 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2018-03-07 | 三浦工業株式会社 | Remote management control system for reverse osmosis membrane separator |
| CN104198647A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-10 | 湖州科诺水处理化工原料有限公司 | Water quality stability index analyzer |
| CN104297094A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-01-21 | 韦良文 | Experimental facility for simulating calcium carbonate crystallization law of tunnel drain pipe in limestone region |
| CN104360038B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-03-30 | 贵州电力试验研究院 | The stable index balanced reaction device of integration |
| CN108804862A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of prediction technique for calcium carbonate scaling trend |
| JP7122246B2 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-08-19 | クボタ環境エンジニアリング株式会社 | Chemical additive amount measuring method, chemical additive amount measuring device, dissolved calcium separating method, dissolved calcium separating device for leachate, calcium concentration measuring method, and calcium concentration measuring device |
-
1985
- 1985-03-25 JP JP60061412A patent/JPH0630757B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| AQUATIC CHEMISTRY=1970 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61220793A (en) | 1986-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH0630757B2 (en) | Water quality monitoring method and water quality control method | |
| Langelier | Chemical equilibria in water treatment | |
| Wiechers et al. | Calcium carbonate crystallization kinetics | |
| Edwards et al. | Alkalinity, pH, and copper corrosion by‐product release | |
| US3950137A (en) | Apparatus for measuring the presence of a weak acid or a weak base in a liquid | |
| US4277343A (en) | Method for continuously monitoring and controlling alkalinity for environmental purposes using a pCO2 probe | |
| Gill et al. | Kinetics of growth of calcium sulfate crystals at heated metal surfaces | |
| US3899294A (en) | Method for automatic feed forward control of effluent ph | |
| CN208537414U (en) | Optical dissolved oxygen sensor multi-parameter interference compensation corrects system | |
| Al-Rawajfeh | Modeling of alkaline scale formation in falling film horizontal-tube multiple-effect distillers | |
| EP0114442B1 (en) | Process for determining and controlling the composition of aqueous solutions of nh3 and co2 | |
| US4663724A (en) | Method for the continuous determination of the concentration of a carbonate and a sulfite in a liquid | |
| JP5672237B2 (en) | Operation method of hot water supply system using heat pump using water quality diagnosis | |
| EP0380299B1 (en) | Method of improving langelier index of city water and an apparatus therefor | |
| US20220064037A1 (en) | Process cooling water system control systems and methods for iron and steelmaking applications | |
| CN111089938A (en) | Method and device for detecting content of chlorine in blast furnace gas | |
| McLester et al. | Effects of alkaline-earth metal ions on the transformation of aragonite to calcite in aqueous solution | |
| CN114689577A (en) | Online measurement device and method for phenolphthalein alkalinity and total alkalinity of circulating cooling water | |
| CN113740386A (en) | Measuring device and measuring method for accurately measuring hydrogen conductivity of water | |
| LU501891B1 (en) | Process cooling water system control systems and methods for iron and steelmaking applications | |
| US20220064038A1 (en) | Systems and methods for online control of a chemical treatment solution using scale saturation indices | |
| CA1042987A (en) | Apparatus for measuring the presence of a weak acid or a week base in a liquid | |
| JPS63141696A (en) | Production of mineralized water | |
| CN109084856B (en) | Flow measuring method for open circulating water system | |
| US3457145A (en) | Liquid and gas analysis |