JPH06185968A - Deformation detector for structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a deformation detector for structures which can detect the large displacement of a structure as a whole without fitting many detectors to the structure. CONSTITUTION:Reference points P1 and P2 are set on the surface of a structure 30. A bar body 32 is arranged along the line connecting the points P1 and P2 to each other and fixed to a fixing member one end of which is fitted to the point P1. A controlling means 35 controls the displacement of the bar body 32 to the axial direction of the body 32 only. A sensor 33 is supported by the supporting member 34 fitted to the point P2 so that the sensor 33 can be faced to the other end of the bar body 32. When the structure 30 is deformed, the bar body 32 is displaced in accordance with the deformation and the displacement is detected by means of the sensor 33.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure deformation detector for detecting a deformation of a structure which constitutes various machines and devices.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In various machines and devices, the deformation of the structures when they are used is detected, and the accuracy of the machine or device is improved based on the detected value, or the weight of the contents. It was doing detection. Such an example will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the press machine. In the figure,
1 is a frame formed entirely in a box shape, 2 is a frame 1
Hydraulic cylinder fixed to the bottom of the
, 4 is pressure oil of the hydraulic cylinder 2, 5 is a lower thick plate coupled to the end of the piston 3, and 6 is an upper thick plate connected to the upper part of the frame 1 and facing the lower thick plate 6. Reference numeral 7 denotes a work placed between the lower thick plate 5 and the upper thick plate 6. When pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 2, the piston 3 extends upward and the work 7 is pressed.

When the work 7 is pressed, an upward force is generated on the lower thick plate 5 and a downward reaction force is generated on the upper thick plate 6,
These forces are transmitted through the frame 1. A part of the transmission path is shown by a chain line 8. This force is not uniform on the left and right of the figure, and the magnitude differs depending on each path. Particularly, depending on the shape of the work and the position where the work is placed, the work is in a unidirectional state, and accordingly, the frame 1 is deformed laterally unevenly, and this deformation causes a minute error in the machining dimension of the work 7 to lower the machining accuracy. To do. Therefore, if the deformation of the frame 1 is detected and appropriate correction is performed based on the detected value, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the processing accuracy. Therefore, the force transmitted by attaching the strain gauge to the force transmission path 8 of the frame 1, and consequently the deformation of the frame 1, is detected. These strain gauges are designated by the symbols S _{1 to} S ₄ .

The means for detecting such a force is applied not only to a machine but also to a stationary structure. An example of its application is shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a side view of the hopper. 9 is a hopper, 10 is a support pillar for the hopper 9, and 11 is a stand. A strain gauge S is attached to an appropriate place of each support column 10, and the strain gauge S detects the deformation of each support column 10 due to the weight of the hopper and its stored items, and the weight of the stored items is detected based on the detected value. You can know.

Detection of deformation by the strain gauge S is as follows.
Since the deformation is extremely small, it is difficult to detect with satisfactory accuracy, and a detector with higher accuracy is required. Such a detector is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 1-234 filed by the present applicant.
No. 428 is proposed. The outline of this detector will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the deformation detector. In the figure, 1 is a frame shown in FIG. Reference numeral 11 denotes a first block body, which is a fixed portion 11a fixed to the frame 1,
It is composed of bolts 11b ₁ and 11b ₂ for fixing the fixing portion 11a and an extension portion 11c. Reference numeral 12 is a second block body that is provided so as to face the first block body 11, and includes a fixing portion 12 a and a fixing portion 12 that are fixed to the frame 1.
bolts 12b ₁ and 12b ₂ for fixing a and extension 1
2c. The extension portions 11c and 12c extend in parallel to each other and are free ends with respect to the frame 1. 13a and 13b are extension parts 11c and 1
It is a thin plate-like flat plate that connects 2c vertically, and is in parallel relationship with each other. Reference numeral 14 is a thin shear plate connected between the extension portions 11c and 12c, and 15a and 15b are strain gauges.

When the force is transmitted to the frame 1, the frame 1 expands and contracts, causing a relative displacement between the extension portions 11c and 12c to cause the flat plates 13a and 13b and the shear plate 1 to move.
4 is deformed. Depending on this deformation, the strain gauge 15a,
Elongation and contraction occur in 15b, whereby a signal proportional to the deformation can be obtained. That is, the deformation is extracted as a displacement of the distance h between the fixed portions 11a and 12a.

[0009]

In the press machine as described above, the frame 1 has bilaterally symmetrical shapes, and the deformation thereof is almost entirely caused by force. Therefore, the overall deformation is a relatively small deformation. However, in other machines, the total deformation is not as small as that of a press machine, and there is a machine in which considerable deformation occurs. This will be described by exemplifying a machining center.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the machining center, in which the deformation caused during use is extremely exaggerated.
In the figure, 20 indicates a machining center. 21 is the base,
22 is a column, 23 is a head, 24 is a feed table, and 25 is a fixture. 26 is a motor installed on the head 23,
Reference numeral 27 is a tool that is rotated by a motor 26 through a speed reducer, and 28 is a workpiece that is fixed to a fixture 25 and is cut by the tool 27.

In the machining center 20, during the processing of the work 28, the processing reaction force from the tool 27 is applied to the head 23.
Through which the reaction force from the work 28 is transmitted to the column 22 through the base 21.
In addition to these forces, a large amount of heat is generated in the motor 26, and this heat flows from the head 23 to the column 22.

In this case, the transferred heat is relatively proportional to the distance of the transfer passage, and the outer portion 23a of the head 23 is relatively heated.
, The inner portion 23b is small, and the column 22 has a small outer portion 22a and a large inner portion 22b.

In addition to these forces and heat, the machining center 2
0 cantilever shape, room temperature difference, machining center 2
The position of the controller (heat source) (not shown) of 0 influences the column 22 and the head 23 to undergo a large overall deformation as shown in the example. As a result, an error occurs in the position and orientation of the tool 27, making it impossible to perform high-precision machining. Therefore,
Such deformation is detected, and the tool 2 is detected based on the detected value.
It is necessary to correct the position and orientation of 7 correctly. In this case, it is possible to detect the deformation using the deformation detector shown in FIG. 11. However, for large deformation as a whole as shown in FIG. 12, the deformation detectors are installed in many places. This is not only time-consuming and time-consuming to install, but also uses a large number of deformation detectors, which increases the cost required for them, and based on each signal from the large number of deformation detectors. A complicated system for determining the overall deformation is required, and the cost therefor also increases.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art and to provide a structure deformation detector capable of detecting a large deformation without mounting a large number of detectors. To do.

[0015]

To achieve the above object, the present invention detects the deformation of a structure by attaching the structure to a structure which is deformed by the transmission of at least one of force and temperature. In the deformation detector of the structure, the deformation detector includes a rod body arranged along a line connecting the first point and the second point set on the surface of the structure, and the deformation detector of the rod body. A fixing means for fixing one end portion to the first point, a restricting means for allowing the rod body to move substantially in its axial direction and suppressing movement in the other direction, and the other end portion of the rod body. And a support body that is fixed to the second point and supports the detector.

Further, according to the present invention, the deformation detector is arranged along a line connecting the first point and the second point set on the surface of the structure, and one of the rod bodies. The fixing means for fixing the end portion to the first point, the member fixed to the second point, and the rod body to allow only the movement in the axial direction substantially and to restrain the movement in the other direction. It is also characterized in that it is constituted by a restricting means and a detector which is coupled to the other end portion of the rod body and cooperates with the member to detect a displacement amount of the other end portion.

Further, according to the present invention, the deformation detector is arranged along a line connecting the first point and the second point set on the surface of the structure, and one of the rod bodies. A fixing means for fixing the end portion to the first point, and a movement amount in the other direction of the rod body while restricting the movement in the other direction while allowing the rod body to move substantially in the axial direction thereof. It is also characterized in that it is composed of a detector for detecting and a support fixed to the second point and supporting the detector.

[0018]

When the deformation occurs between the first point and the second point on the surface of the structure, the distance between the two changes and the rod is displaced accordingly. This displacement occurs only in the direction of the line segment connecting the first point and the second point due to the function of the restricting means itself or the structure of the detector. The detector detects the displacement of the other end of the rod. Since the rod body is used in the deformation detector of the present invention, the distance between the first point and the second point can be set to a large value, which makes it possible to reduce the large deformation as a whole by a large number of deformation detectors. It can be easily detected without using.

[0019]

The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a side view of a structure deformation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 30 is a structure, and the frame 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, the support column 10 shown in FIG.
It corresponds to the column 22 and the head 23 shown in FIG. P ₁ indicates an arbitrary point (hereinafter referred to as a reference point) set on the surface of the structure 30, and P ₂ indicates another arbitrary point (reference point) also set on the surface of the structure 30. . Reference numeral 31 is a fixing member fixed to the structure 30 at the reference point P ₁ . Reference numeral 32 denotes a rod body arranged along a line connecting the gauge points P ₁ and P ₂ , one end of which is fixed to the fixing member 31.

Reference numeral 33 denotes a sensor which is arranged so as to face the other end of the rod 32 and detects the displacement of the other end.
The sensor 33 is a non-contact type sensor, for example, a capacitance type sensor, an eddy current type sensor, a sensor that uses reflection of light,
A well-known sensor such as a differential transformer is used. A support member 34 supports the sensor 33, and is fixed to the structure 30 at the reference point P ₂ . Reference numeral 35 denotes a restriction means for restricting the movement of the rod 32, which has a function of allowing only the movement of the rod 32 in the axial direction and suppressing the movement of the rod 32 in the other directions.

In this embodiment, the restricting means 35 is the structure 3
Support 35a fixed to 0, and this support 35a
Bearings 35b provided on the base plate for contacting and inserting the rod body 32b
It is composed of. For the slide bearing 35b, for example, white metal, bearing, or the like is used. The fixed member 31, the rod 32, the sensor 33, the support member 34, and the regulating means 35 constitute a displacement detector 36 of this embodiment.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. Now, it is assumed that the displacement detector 36 is applied to the column 22 of the machining center 20 shown in FIG. As described above, during operation of the machining center 20, the column 22 is largely deformed by the force and heat transmitted thereto as shown in FIG. Therefore, the displacement detector 36 is installed by setting the gauge marks P ₁ and P ₂ shown in FIG. 1 so that the interval H between them becomes long in the vertical direction of the column 22. In this case, the rod 32
Also, those having a length close to the interval H are used.

When the machining center 20 is operated and the column 22 is deformed, the rod 32 is displaced accordingly. At this time, due to the function of the regulating means 35, the rod 3
2 is displaced only in its axial direction, and is not displaced in the other direction.
Since the displacement of the rod 32 is the sum of the displacements generated in the respective portions in the interval H, the displacement of the tip of the rod 32 (the portion facing the sensor 33) has a large value. That is,
The displacement of the tip of the rod 32 is much larger than the displacement of the portion of the structure 30 facing the tip of the rod 32, which means that the displacement is enlarged. The enlarged displacement amount is detected by the sensor 33, and the proper posture is corrected based on the detected displacement amount, and as a result, the position and the posture of the tool 27 are accurately held, and high-precision machining is possible. It will certainly be implemented.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway side view showing another specific example of the regulating means 35 shown in FIG. In this figure, the same or equivalent parts as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.
In this specific example, the support 35 a is formed integrally with the support member 34. Further, a bearing is shown as the slide bearing 35b. By forming the support body 35 a integrally with the support member 34, the support body 35 a is attached to the structure 3.
It is possible to save the trouble of adjustment when attaching to 0. The support body 35a can be attached to the outer wall of the sensor 33 instead of the support member 34.

As described above, in the present embodiment, since the rod body 32 is used, even if the overall large displacement is 1.
Only one deformation detector 36 needs to be installed, the labor and time for installation of a large number of deformation detectors in the related art, and the cost of the deformation detectors themselves can be saved, and
Since it is not necessary to construct a complicated system required to process the detection signals of the large number of deformation detectors, it is possible to eliminate costs for that. In addition, since an enlarged displacement occurs at the tip of the rod 32, highly accurate detection can be performed.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a deformation detector according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same or equivalent parts as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the sliding bearing 35b is used as the regulating means 35, but in this embodiment, the sliding bearing 35b is not used,
The rod 32 is fixed to a restricting means having two spring plates 35c which are parallel to each other. That is, the rod 32 is fixed to the tip portion of the support 35a, and each spring plate 35c is formed on a part of the support 35a (between the fixed portion of the rod 32 and the support member 34). In other words, the rod body 32 is fixed to the support body 35a via each spring plate 35c. When the rod body 32 is displaced, each spring plate 35c bends and the rod body 32
Can be displaced without hindrance. In this case, since the two spring plates 35c exist in parallel, there is almost no displacement (tilt) in the other direction of the rod 32.

In this embodiment, the support 35a is formed integrally with the support member 34, but the support 35a
The a may be fixed to the structure 30 or may be fixed to the outer wall of the sensor 33. Further, the number of spring plates 35c may be one instead of two, or three or more may be provided in parallel with each other.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing another specific example of the regulating means 35 of the embodiment shown in FIG. In the figure, the same or equivalent parts as those shown in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. Figure 3
In the example shown in (1), one set of spring plates 35c parallel to each other is used, but in this specific example, two sets are provided, one set on each side of the fixed portion of the rod body 32. As a result, when the rod 32 is displaced, displacement in other directions is completely restricted. The support 35a may be fixed to either the support member 34 or the structure 30 while maintaining the positional relationship of the two sets of spring plates 35c with respect to the fixed portion of the rod 32. The number of spring plates 35c in each set may be one or three or more. The effects of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are the same as the effects of the previous embodiment.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the displacement of the tip of the rod 32 is detected by the sensor 33 supported by the support member 34. But,
Even if the sensor 33 is fixed to the tip of the rod 32, the displacement of the tip of the rod 32 can be detected. That is, the rod 32
A sensor 33 is fixed to the tip of the sensor 33, an appropriate member is fixed to the reference point P _2, and the displacement of the sensor 33 relative to this member (the rod 32
It is also possible to detect the same displacement as the displacement of the tip of the sensor 33) by the sensor 33. Also in this case, the same sensor 33 as that used in each of the above-described embodiments can be used.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a deformation detector according to still another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals. Reference numeral 38 denotes a sensor supported by the support member 34, and 37 denotes a fixing portion fixed to the sensor 331 and fixing the rod body 32. The sensor 38 detects the amount of displacement of the rod 32, and also has the function of the regulation means 35 in each of the above-described embodiments, as will be described later. Further, while the sensor 33 in each of the above-described embodiments is a non-contact type, the rod body 32 is connected to the sensor 38 of this embodiment through the fixing portion 37, which is the meaning of this embodiment. The sensor 38 is a contact type.

The operation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the side views of the specific example of the sensor 38 shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9. 6, 38a is a first connecting part connected to the fixing part 37 shown in FIG. 5, 38b is a second connecting part connected to the support member 34, and 38c is a first connecting part 38a and a second connecting part. These are two sets of spring plates that are interposed between the connecting portions 38b. Each spring plate 38c is similar to the two spring plates 35c shown in FIG.
It is composed of two spring plates that are parallel to each other. 38d is a core fixed to the first connecting portion 38a, and 38e is a coil fixed to the second connecting portion 38b.

When the rod 32 is displaced, the displacement is transmitted to the first connecting portion 38a via the fixing portion 37, and the core 38
By displacing d by the same amount, the insertion amount of the core 38d into the coil 38e is changed, whereby a voltage proportional to the displacement can be taken out from the coil 38e. in this case,
The displacement of the first connecting portion 38a, and thus the displacement of the core 38d, is completely restricted only in a predetermined direction by the two sets of spring plates 38c.

FIG. 7 shows another specific example of the sensor 38, and the same parts as those in FIG. 6 are designated by the same reference numerals. S is a strain gauge attached to the end of each spring plate 38c of each set.
Similar to the specific example shown in FIG. 6, when the rod 32 is displaced, the displacement is transmitted to the first connecting portion 38 a via the fixing portion 37. The displacement of the first connecting portion 38a is caused by each spring plate 38c.
Is deflected, and the amount of this deflection is taken out as a change amount (proportional to the displacement amount) of the resistance value of the strain gauge S.

FIG. 8 shows another specific example of the sensor 38, and the same parts as those in FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals. 38f is a ring-shaped spring body, and S is a strain gauge attached to the front and back surfaces of the spring body 38f so as to face each other in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the rod body 32. Due to the displacement of the rod 32, the spring 38
f is deformed, strain is generated in the strain gauge S in response to the deformation, and the resistance value is changed.
Is taken out as the displacement amount of. In this example, the spring body 38f does not directly regulate the lateral movement in the drawing, but the same effect as regulating the movement as a whole is produced.

FIG. 9 also shows another specific example of the sensor 38, and the same parts as those in FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals.
38 g is a semi-circular spring body, and S is a strain gauge attached to the front and back of a predetermined portion of the spring body 38 g. The operation of this specific example is also the same as the operation of the specific example shown in FIG. The spring plate 38g also has substantially the same function as the spring body 38f. The effect of the deformation detector shown in FIG. 5 using the sensor of the specific example shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9 is also the same as the effect of each of the embodiments described above.

In each of the above embodiments, the rod 32 is made of the same material as the structure 30 or a substance having a similar thermal expansion coefficient, and the rod 32 is surrounded by the structure 30 by a cover. For example, it is possible to detect only the deformation due to the force, and it is possible to detect the deformation due to both the force and the heat by using a substance having a coefficient of thermal expansion close to 0 (for example, Invar alloy). Further, in the above description of the embodiment, an example in which the deformation detector 36 is applied to the machining center 20 has been described, but it is obvious that it can be applied to a frame of a press machine, a support column of a hopper, and various other structures. .

[0037]

As described above, according to the present invention, one end of the rod is fixed to the first point of the structure, and the displacement of the rod is detected. On the other hand, only one deformation detector needs to be installed, and the labor and time for installing many deformation detectors in the past, and the cost of many deformation detectors themselves and the cost for system construction are saved. You can Further, since an enlarged displacement is generated at the tip of the rod body, highly accurate detection can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a deformation detector for a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a specific example of the regulating means shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a deformation detector for a structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a specific example of the regulating means shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a structure deformation detector according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a side view of a specific example of the sensor shown in FIG.

7 is a side view of a specific example of the sensor shown in FIG.

8 is a side view of a specific example of the sensor shown in FIG.

9 is a side view of a specific example of the sensor shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a press machine.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the hopper.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of a conventional deformation detector.

FIG. 13 is a side view of the machining center.

[Explanation of symbols]

 30 structure 31 fixing member 32 rod 33 sensor 34 support member 35 restricting means

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A deformation detector for a structure, which is attached to a structure which is deformed when at least one of force and temperature is transmitted and detects the deformation of the structure, wherein the deformation detector comprises: A rod arranged along a line connecting the first point and the second point set on the surface of the structure, and a fixing means for fixing one end portion of the rod to the first point, Restricting means for allowing the rod body to move only in its axial direction and restraining movement in other directions, a detector for detecting the amount of displacement of the other end portion of the rod body, and the second point A deformation detector for a structure, comprising: a support that is fixed and supports the detector. 2. A deformation detector for a structure, which is attached to a structure which is deformed when at least one of force and temperature is transmitted and detects the deformation of the structure, wherein the deformation detector comprises: A rod arranged along a line connecting the first point and the second point set on the surface of the structure, and a fixing means for fixing one end portion of the rod to the first point, A member fixed to the second point, a restricting means for allowing the rod body to move substantially in its axial direction and restraining movement in other directions, and a member connected to the other end portion of the rod body. A deformation detector for a structure, comprising a detector that cooperates with a member to detect the amount of displacement of the other end. 3. The restricting means according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the restricting means is fixed to one of the structure, the support and the outer wall of the detector, and movably engages the rod. Deformation detector of a structure characterized by being. 4. The restricting means according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the restricting means is fixed to one of the structure, the support, and the outer wall of the detector, and the rod body is interposed by a spring member. A deformation detector for a structure, which is fixed. 5. A deformation detector for a structure, which is attached to a structure which is deformed by the transmission of at least one of force and temperature to detect the deformation of the structure. A rod arranged along a line connecting the first point and the second point set on the surface of the structure, and a fixing means for fixing one end portion of the rod to the first point, A detector that allows only the axial movement of the rod body and prevents movement in other directions, and detects the amount of displacement of the other end portion of the rod body; and a detector fixed to the second point, A deformation detector for a structure, comprising: a support that supports the detector. 6. The rod body according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the rod body is made of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient that is the same as or close to a thermal expansion coefficient of the structure. Deformation detector for structures. 7. The deformation detector for a structure according to claim 1, 2, or 5, wherein the rod body is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion of substantially zero.