JPH05285690A - Composite material for welding and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the generation of nonuniform hardness, blowholes, crack of build-up parts, etc., by coating an Al alloy core material contg. Mg, Si and Cu with a copper alloy contg. copper or specific elements at specific area coverage. CONSTITUTION:The Al alloy contg. Mg, Si and Cu is used as the core material. The Al alloy core material is coated by using the copper alloy contg. the copper or at least one kind selected from Ni, Fe, Si, Ti, Cu, Mg and Mn at 0 to 10wt.% of the total weight at 8 to 50% area coverage. The copper in the coating material is preferably oxygen-free copper. The method is applicable to a build-up welding method.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a welding composite material used in a build-up welding method for forming a surface hardened layer for improving wear resistance on the surfaces of aluminum and aluminum alloys, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in automobile parts, aircraft parts, etc. because of their light weight, good corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity. However, since it is inferior in wear resistance to steel materials, it is subjected to hard alumite processing, chrome plating treatment, etc., or a surface melt alloying method for forming a thick film hardened layer of millimeter order on the surface of aluminum. (Electron beam, laser beam, plasma powder arc, etc.) have been put to practical use.

Further, in order to apply to the TIG and MIG overlay welding methods which are simple and versatile and have a low initial cost, Al-Cu, Al-Si, Al-Ni and Al-F are used today.
Although overlay overlay coating using an e-alloy rod as a hoop material (filler material) has been put into practical use, it has a problem in terms of supply of the hoop material, which is essential in terms of continuous automation during welding. That is, the alloy rod has a drawback that it has a maximum length of about 50 cm and is brittle (alloying into a brittle intermetallic compound). Further, since the above-mentioned alloy has a high specific resistance, it was difficult to stabilize the welding current.

Therefore, recently, as shown in FIG. 3, Cu,
A composite wire has been developed in which an aluminum core material 21 is inserted into a coating material 20 made of a metal pipe of Ni, Fe or the like and continuously coated. This has the advantages that the welding current is stabilized, and that it is very soft and can be continuously wound on a reel.

[0005]

However, even if a hardened surface layer is formed by overlaying a conventional composite wire by TIG or MIG welding method, the hardness of the hardened surface layer is not uniform, Further, there is a defect that blowholes and build-up portions are cracked. An object of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and to provide a welding composite material in which the occurrence of nonuniform hardness of a surface hardened layer, blowholes, cracks in a buildup portion, and the like, and a manufacturing method thereof. Is.

[0006]

The welding composite material of the present invention for achieving the above object has an aluminum alloy containing Mg, Si and Cu as a core material, and the core material is made of Ni, Fe. , Si, Ti, Cr, Mg and Mn, at least one selected from the group is 0 based on the total amount.
The area coverage is 8 to 50% with copper or a copper alloy containing 10 to 10% by weight.

Another welding composite material of the present invention is Mg, Si.
And an aluminum alloy containing Cu as a core material, and the area coverage of the core material with oxygen-free copper or oxygen-free copper alloy
It is coated with 50%. Still another welding composite material of the present invention has an aluminum alloy containing Mg, Si and Cu as a core material, and the core material is made of a Ni alloy (Ni: 99% by weight or more) and an Fe alloy (Fe: 99% by weight). Above), Ti
Alloy (Ti: 99% by weight or more) and Fe-Cr-Ni
The area coverage is 8 to 50% with at least one kind (in other words, at least one layer) selected from the group consisting of alloys (Cr: 25% by weight or less).

The aluminum alloy is Mg: 1.5-
5.0 wt%, Si: 1.0-5.0 wt% and C
u: An aluminum alloy containing one or more of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight. The oxygen-free copper or oxygen-free copper alloy has an oxygen content of 10 ppm or less, Pb: 10 ppm or less, and P:
Contains 3 ppm or less.

The Ni alloy is C: 0.1% by weight or less,
Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less,
P: 0.02% by weight or less, S: 0.01% by weight or less, and the balance 99.0% by weight or more is Ni. Fe
The alloy contains C: 0.2 wt% or less, Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less, P: 0.02 wt% or less, S: 0.01 wt% or less. The balance is 99.0% by weight or more of Fe.

The Ti alloy contains C: 0.1% by weight or less,
Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less,
P: 0.02% by weight or less, S: 0.01% by weight or less, and the balance 99.0% by weight or more is Ti. Fe
-Cr-Ni alloy, Cr: 10 to 25 wt% or less, N
i: 10% by weight or less, C: 0.1% by weight or less, Si:
0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less, P: 0.
02% by weight or less, S: 0.01% by weight or less, and the balance being Fe.

In the method for manufacturing a composite material for welding according to the present invention, the aluminum alloy core material having a wire diameter of 6.0 mm or more is used.
While continuously coating with any of the above coating materials,
Die half-angle α = 15 to 3 with cemented carbide material for the coating material only
After using a 0 degree die to process the surface reduction rate of 30% or more to form a fitting line, the fitting line is made into a die half angle α = 4 to 1
It is characterized in that annealing heat treatment is performed after 70% or more wire drawing is performed with a 5 degree wire drawing die.

The annealing heat treatment is performed in the temperature range of 200 to 400 ° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours. After the annealing heat treatment,
Cold drawing with a surface reduction rate of 50% or more may be repeated at least once. As a result of repeated studies on the aluminum core material, the present inventor has found that it is effective to add Mg, Si and Cu to the aluminum in order to prevent blowholes and cracks in the build-up portion, and particularly, the weld crack sensitivity is high. It turned out to be smaller. It was also found that the hoop material is effective for improving the strength of the aluminum alloy which is the core material.

The core material of the aluminum alloy is M
At least one of g, Si and Cu, and Cr, M
n, normal impurities, and the balance Al. If the Mg content is less than 1.5%, the strength becomes insufficient, and conversely, if it exceeds 5%, and particularly if it exceeds 10%, the wire drawability becomes extremely poor. Similarly, if Si or Cu is less than 1.0%, the strength becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 5%, the wire drawability becomes poor. If strength is not required, aluminum having a purity of 99.9% or more may be used instead of the aluminum alloy.
To prevent weld cracking, it is desirable to add at least one of Mg, Si and Cu.

Next, the present inventor conducted extensive research on coating materials for aluminum alloy core materials. That is, TIG,
In the MIG welding method, various intermetallic compounds (alloys) are uniformly dispersed in the aluminum base material by melting the welding composite material to obtain materials having various hardness according to the application. For example, if the base material is aluminum (AC
2B and hardness Hv = 60 to 80), if the required hardness is Hv = 200 to 800, various material compositions can be used as the coating material. That is, in general, Hv
= About 200 to 300, Cu-Al alloy, Al-Si
Alloy, Al-Ti alloy at Hv = 400 to 800,
It is suitable to use an Al-Ni alloy, an Al-Fe alloy, an Al-Cr alloy, or the like. Also, even if it is not a binary alloy,
It was also found that the hardness can be arbitrarily changed by using a ternary or quaternary alloy. This will be described in more detail as follows. (1) In the case of Al-Cu-based alloy The area coverage of copper or copper alloy to be coated is preferably 8 to 50%. If the area coverage is less than 8%, particularly less than 5%, the target amount of the intermetallic compound made of Al—Cu is small, and thus only Hv = 100 or so.
The desired hardness cannot be obtained. The area coverage is 50
%, Particularly above 60%, the layer changes to a copper-rich layer, the matching property with Al of the base material deteriorates, and cracks easily occur. The area coverage ratio is more preferably 10 to 3
It is 0%. The area coverage ratio is expressed by (covering layer area / total area) × 100 (%) when the cross section of the composite material is viewed.

In addition, Cu, Ni, Fe, Si, T
By adding at least one of i, Cr, Mg and Mn, it is possible to disperse an intermetallic compound having a higher hardness in addition to the Al—Cu intermetallic compound. As such an intermetallic compound having high hardness, for example, Ni
Al ₃ , FeAl ₃ , SiAl ₃ , TiAl ₃ , CrA
l ₇ , Al ₃ Mg ₂ , MnAl _{3 and the} like. The total amount of addition of at least one of the above elements is set to 10% or less, because if it is 15% or more, it forms an alloy with Cu and becomes a material having extremely poor workability. A more preferable blending amount is about 1 to 5% based on the total amount.

Further, in order to prevent blowholes and weld cracks, it is important that the coating copper or copper alloy is oxygen-free and Pb and P are low. That is, it is preferable that the oxygen content is 10 ppm or less, Pb: 10 ppm or less, and P: 3 ppm or less. Particularly, when oxygen exceeds 10 ppm, blowholes remarkably occur. (2) Al-Ni, Al-Ti, Al-Fe, Al-Cr
In the case of a system alloy, in order to obtain a very hard layer, in addition to the Al-Cu system, Al-
It is known that it is important to disperse a large amount of an intermetallic compound of Ti, Al-Ni, Al-Fe or Al-Cr, but it is too hard considering the matching with the Al base material (matching). Hv = 80 because cracks will occur.
It is necessary to adjust the value to be 0 or less. Therefore, as a result of various studies, a Ni alloy, a Ti alloy, a Fe alloy, and a Cr alloy (however, C
It has been found that the area coverage of the r alloy (as a Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel system) is preferably in the range of 8 to 50%. If the area coverage is less than 8%, especially less than 5%, the curing effect is small, and conversely, if it exceeds 50%, especially more than 60%, Hv = 800 or more, and cracks or the like occur. A more preferable area coverage is 10 to 30%.

Further, in order to prevent blowholes, cracks and the like in the welded portion, it is necessary to consider the composition of the coating material. Particularly, phosphorus and sulfur are P: 0.02 wt% or less and S:
It is preferably 0.01% by weight or less in order to prevent blowholes, cracks and the like. Further, if the amount of carbon is too large in terms of workability, wire drawing becomes difficult, so carbon is Ni.
It is preferable that the content is 0.1 wt% or less for the Fe, Cr, and Fe-Cr-Ni systems, and 0.2 wt% or less for the Fe system.

It is also desirable to add Si and Mn as additional elements in order to increase deoxidation, and Si is 0.3
It is appropriate that the content of Mn is less than 0.2% by weight and the content of Mn is less than 0.2% by weight. In the case of the composite clad material like the present invention, it is preferable that the covering material and the core material are metallurgically bonded (adhered) to some extent, and if there is a gap between them, the air in the gap is Becomes blowholes when melted. As a result of various studies,
It was found that the occurrence of such a gap depends largely on the fitting method when fitting with a relatively large size, and the wire drawing method and annealing conditions thereafter.

First, since the generally used welding hoop material is a wire having a diameter of 1.0 to 1.6 mm, the aluminum alloy core material of the present invention preferably has a wire diameter of 6.0 mm or more. While continuously supplying the coating material described in the above (1) and (2) to this, when the die half angle α = 15 to 30 degrees is passed through the die, the coating material is stretched to form on the Al alloy core material. Slip resistance occurs and adhesion is increased. On the other hand, if the die half-angle α is less than 15 degrees, particularly less than 10 degrees, the degree of slippage is small and sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained. Further, a predetermined area coverage can be obtained by using a die having a die half angle α = 15 to 30 degrees.

Further, even in the wire drawing process for drawing the obtained fitting wire, in order to make the contact more satisfactory, the wire drawing die with a half-angle α of 4 to 15 degrees reduces 70% or more. After facing, it is preferable to perform annealing at 200 to 400 ° C. If the die half-angle is less than 4 degrees, the wear of the die increases, and conversely, if the die half-angle exceeds 15 degrees, the coating layer may be displaced to form a tie shape. Further, if the annealing temperature is less than 200 ° C., particularly less than 150 ° C., mutual diffusion reaction cannot be obtained, and conversely, if annealing is performed for a long time at a temperature exceeding 400 ° C., especially exceeding 450 ° C., brittle intermetallic compounds are formed. This is because the wire can be easily broken and does not become a hoop material. Further, the annealing time is preferably from 1 minute to 24 hours, and if the annealing is less than 1 minute, the effect of mutual diffusion cannot be obtained, and even if it exceeds 24 hours, the cost becomes high and the performance improvement corresponding to it is improved. I can't get it.

Then, by further reducing the surface area by 50% or more, the gap between the core material and the covering material can be completely eliminated.

[0022]

1 and 2 show an apparatus for producing a welding composite material according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a case where the covering material is a pipe, and FIG. 3 shows a case where the tape-shaped covering material is abutted with the side edges of the tape and TIG-welded to form a pipe shape to cover the core material. As shown in FIG. 1, a core material b of aluminum alloy is continuously fed from a core material supply part 5, straightened by a strainer 6, passed through a cleaning device 7, and introduced into a molding device 2. On the other hand, the pipe a is continuously fed from the pipe supply unit 1 and introduced into the molding device 2. Then, in the molding apparatus 2, the core wire b is continuously pushed into the pipe a from the abutting portion along the axial direction of the pipe a to close the abutting portion, and then a predetermined area ratio is obtained. Half angle α = 15 to 30 degrees After passing through the die 8, the core a becomes a fitting material d in which the pipe a is fitted and is wound by the winding section 9.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, the aluminum alloy core material b is introduced from the core material supply section 5 through the strainer 6 and the cleaning apparatus 7 into the molding apparatus 12 as described above. On the other hand, the tape c is unwound from the supply section 10 and introduced into the molding apparatus 12 via the cleaning apparatus 11. In the forming device 12, the tape c is formed into a pipe shape by the pipe forming device 14 so as to cover the core material b.
The side edges of the tape c are butt-welded by the welding device 13. Half angle α = 15 to 30 on the outlet side of the molding device 12.
The die 8 is attached and the fitting material d'obtained is then obtained.
Is taken up by the take-up section 9.

In order to manufacture the composite material for welding with the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 or 2, an aluminum alloy having a diameter of 8.5 mm was prepared as the core material b. As the pipe a, which is a covering material, a pipe having an outer diameter of 19 mm and a wall thickness of 0.7 to 3 mm was prepared. On the other hand, when the tape c is used, the thickness is 0.5 to
One having a width of 0.7 mm and a width of 40 to 45 mm was prepared. Dice 8
Has a diameter of 9.0 to 12.3 to obtain a predetermined area coverage.
The thing of mm was used.

Next, the fitting lines d, d '( outer diameter 9.
0 to 12.3 mm) was cold worked to an outer diameter of 4.0 to 4.6 mm . For cold working at that time, the die half-angle α = 4 3
15 degrees were used. After that, annealing was performed at 300 ° C. for about 1 hour, and further cold working was performed to an outer diameter of 1.2 to 1.6 mm to obtain a composite material. Under these conditions, the welding composite material Nos. Having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 4 were used. 1-43 were produced. Then, using each of these composite materials, an aluminum base material (AC2B, 10 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm, hardness Hv =
80) was subjected to TIG overlay welding. A thyristor-controlled TIG welding machine is used as the welding power source, and the welding current is 100 to 15
0A, welding speed 100mm / min, composite material supply speed 50
The shield gas was 0 mm / min, and Ar or He was used as the shield gas. The base material was preheated to about 100 ° C.

[0026]

[Table 1]

[0027]

[Table 2]

[0028]

[Table 3]

[0029]

[Table 4]

Table 5 shows the evaluation test results of each of the composite materials.
It shows in Table 7. Each evaluation item shown in the table was performed as follows. The hardness of the overlay portion was measured using a micro Vickers hardness meter after overlay welding. Further, blowhole defects were judged by cross-section inspection and evaluated according to the following criteria. ○ ─ A size that does not pose a problem in use or less × ─ Large enough to be visually discernible Cracks in the bead were judged by visual inspection and evaluated according to the following criteria.

◯: No cracking ×: Cracking A comprehensive evaluation was made based on the above hardness, blowhole and cracking results, according to the following criteria. ○ ─ No problem at all △ ─ It may be possible depending on usage.

X: Some problem was found. The overall result was judged according to the following criteria based on the result of the above evaluation items. ○ ─ No problem × ─ Some problem

[0033]

[Table 5]

[0034]

[Table 6]

[0035]

[Table 7]

From the results shown in Tables 5 to 7, the welding composite material No. 1 of the present invention was used. 2,4-12,17-19,24-25,3
0, 33 and 35 to 39 have higher hardness than the hardness Hv = 80 of the aluminum base material used, and particularly Al-
It can be seen that the Cu system has improved to Hv = 200 to 500, and that no blowholes, cracks, etc. are observed.
In addition, Al-Ni, Al-Ti, Al-Fe, Al-C
In the r system, Hv = 300 to 800, and an excellent wear-resistant surface was obtained by performing wall thickness processing of about 1 mm.

In place of TIG welding, the welding electrode is
Even when MIG welding was performed at about 50 A, almost the same results as in the case of TIG welding were obtained.

[0038]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The welding composite material of the present invention can be applied to the overlay welding method for forming a surface-hardened layer in order to improve the wear resistance of the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the hardness of the surface-hardened layer. Of unevenness, blowholes, and cracks in the build-up portion are prevented. Therefore, the surface hardening treatment by the MIG or TIG welding method using the welding composite material of the present invention is
Around engine pistons for automobiles and motorcycles, aluminum die casting, local hardening of die casting materials, aluminum dies, ship parts that require improved wear resistance of other aluminum products, structures of steel materials, It can be suitably used in many fields such as a vacuum chamber.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an apparatus for manufacturing a welding composite material according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing another manufacturing apparatus of the composite material for welding of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a welding composite wire in which an Al wire is inserted into a metal pipe.

[Explanation of symbols]

 a pipe b core material c tape d fitting material d'fitting material 2 molding device 8 die

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location B23K 35/40 330 330 7362-4E

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A core material is an aluminum alloy containing Mg, Si and Cu, and the core material is made of Ni, Fe, Si and T.
and an area coverage of 8 to 50% with copper or a copper alloy containing at least one selected from the group consisting of i, Cr, Mg and Mn in a proportion of 0 to 10% by weight based on the total amount. Welding composite material. 2. Welding, characterized in that an aluminum alloy containing Mg, Si and Cu is used as a core material, and the core material is coated with oxygen-free copper or an oxygen-free copper alloy at an area coverage of 8 to 50%. For composites. 3. The oxygen-free copper or oxygen-free copper alloy has oxygen of 10 ppm or less, Pb: 10 ppm or less, and P: 3 p.
The composite material for welding according to claim 2, containing pm or less. 4. An aluminum alloy containing Mg, Si and Cu is used as a core material, and the core material is made of Ni alloy (Ni: 99% by weight or more), Fe alloy (Fe: 99% by weight or more), Ti.
Alloy (Ti: 99% by weight or more) and Fe-Cr-Ni
A composite material for welding, which is coated with at least one selected from the group consisting of alloys (Cr: 25% by weight or less) at an area coverage of 8 to 50%. 5. At least one of the elements of Mg, Si and Cu contained in the aluminum alloy is Mg: 1.5.
~ 5.0 wt%, Si: 1.0-5.0 wt% and C
u: 1.0 to 5.0% by weight.
The described composite material for welding. 6. The Ni alloy comprises C: 0.1% by weight or less,
Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less,
The composite material for welding according to claim 4, which contains P: 0.02% by weight or less and S: 0.01% by weight or less, and the balance 99.0% by weight or more is Ni. 7. The Fe alloy comprises C: 0.2 wt% or less,
Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less,
The composite material for welding according to claim 4, which contains P: 0.02% by weight or less and S: 0.01% by weight or less, and the balance 99.0% by weight or more is Fe. 8. The Ti alloy comprises C: 0.1% by weight or less,
Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less,
The composite material for welding according to claim 4, which contains P: 0.02% by weight or less and S: 0.01% by weight or less, and the balance 99.0% by weight or more is Ti. 9. The Fe—Cr—Ni alloy is Cr: 10.
~ 25 wt% or less, Ni: 10 wt% or less, C: 0.1
Wt% or less, Si: 0.3 wt% or less, Mn: 0.2 wt% or less, P: 0.02 wt% or less and S: 0.01
The welding composite material according to claim 4, wherein the composite material contains less than or equal to wt% and the balance is Fe. 10. A wire diameter of 6.0 containing Mg, Si and Cu.
mm or more aluminum alloy core material, copper or copper alloy,
Oxygen-free copper or oxygen-free copper alloy, Ni alloy (Ni: 99
Wt% or more), Fe alloy (Fe: 99 wt% or more), T
i alloy (Ti: 99% by weight or more) or Fe-Cr-N
After being coated with a coating material made of an i alloy (Cr: 25% by weight or less), a die having a half angle α of 15 to 30 degrees is used to form a fitting line after processing with a surface reduction rate of 30% or more. A method for manufacturing a composite material for welding, wherein the fitting wire is drawn by 70% or more with a wire drawing die having a die half angle α of 4 to 15 degrees, and then an annealing heat treatment is performed. 11. The method for producing a welding composite material according to claim 10, wherein the annealing heat treatment is performed in a temperature range of 200 to 400 ° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours. 12. The method for manufacturing a composite material for welding according to claim 10, wherein after the annealing heat treatment, cold drawing with a surface reduction rate of 50% or more is repeated at least once.