JPH02172605A - Fastener - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To attach and detach a tool by rotating a shaft by teeth provided at the shaft and a ratchet claw provided at a sleeve and engaged with the teeth. CONSTITUTION:A shaft 1 is rotated under conditions an operational ring 2 is gripped to lock the rotation of a sleeve 8. A ratchet law 82 is pushed up by teeth and the sleeve 8, a taper bush 4, a guide block 7 and a float screw 6 are rotated relatively to the shaft 1. The ratchet claw 82 is fitted to the teeth on the outer circumference of the shaft 1 to lock the sleeve 8. The operational ring 2 is slid and simultaneously a ball 85 is moved rearward to run on the ratchet claw 82 to release the engagement with the teeth 11 for releasing fastening to a tool.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a fastening tool called a chuck, which is provided for holding tools such as drill bits and driver bits in electric drills, electric screwdrivers, and the like.

[Conventional technology]

A tightening tool that allows tools to be attached and detached without using a chuck handle, has a sleeve that can rotate freely around the shaft, and by rotating this sleeve, multiple jaws for tightening can be moved in the radial direction. There is something that has been designed to do this. By rotating the sleeve relative to the shaft while grasping a handle fixed to the shaft, the tool can be tightened and held and removed. Here, this type of fastener has a characteristic that relative rotation occurs between the shaft and the sleeve when performing work by applying rotation to the shaft. For this reason, when tightening screws or drilling holes, there is a risk that the relative rotation will spread the claws and loosen the tightening force, making it impossible to perform the work with confidence. However, if the direction of the relative rotation of the sleeve that occurs at this time is set so that it is the direction that tightens the claw, there will be no separate problem if the shaft rotates only in one direction. In devices such as electric screwdrivers that can loosen screws by rotating the shaft in the opposite direction, the relative rotation that occurs between the shaft and the sleeve during this process can cause the claws to spread out, causing the tool to become loose. may come off during work. As a countermeasure for this, for example,
No. 10 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-43363 propose providing locking means to prevent loosening. In the former, a ratchet pawl is attached to the sleeve as a locking means, and teeth with which the ratchet pawl engages are provided on the shaft, and the engagement of the two prevents relative rotation in the direction of loosening the pawl, and the locking operation and A handle dedicated to unlocking is added, and locking and unlocking are performed by operating this handle. In the latter case, a ratchet pawl is provided on the shaft side, teeth are provided on the sleeve side, and locking and unlocking operations are performed by an operating member attached to the shaft with a required play.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in the former case, the claws cannot be loosened unless the two operations of operating the handle to release the lock and then rotating the sleeve relative to the shaft are complicated and frequent operations. Very cumbersome when changing tools. In the latter case, the operating member is provided on the shaft that is fixed to the output part of the power tool, and the operating member rotates together with the shaft, so it is possible to release the lock by operating the operating member. However, it is not possible to loosen the claws by rotating the shaft with a power tool to cause relative rotation between the sleeve and the shaft, and when removing the tool, be sure to stop the power tool. The sleeve must be rotated relative to the shaft while operating the member to release the lock. In addition, in both cases, if an obstacle hits the handle or operating member that rotates with the shaft during work, these may rotate and release the lock, causing the claw to loosen. . The present invention has been made in view of these points, and its purpose is to not only be able to reliably prevent the claw from loosening due to the lock, but also to be able to smoothly perform this locking and unlocking, and furthermore, to The object of the present invention is to provide a tightening tool that allows a tool to be quickly attached and detached using rotation of a shaft by an electric tool.

[Means to solve the problem]

The fastener according to the present invention includes a shaft through which power is transmitted, a sleeve rotatable with respect to the shaft, and a fastening claw that moves in a radial direction as the sleeve rotates with respect to the shaft. , a fastener comprising a locking means for locking the rotation of the sleeve with respect to the shaft, and a releasing means for releasing the lock,
The locking means includes teeth provided on the shaft and a ratchet pawl provided on the sleeve and engaged with the teeth,
The lock release means is characterized in that it is formed of an operating member that rotates together with the sleeve and moves the ratchet pawl in a direction to release the engagement with the teeth by axial movement relative to the sleeve. [Operation] According to the present invention, by operating the power tool and rotating the shaft with the operating member moved in the axial direction, the claw can be loosened and the tool can be removed. [Embodiments] The present invention will be described in detail below based on illustrated embodiments. A metal cylindrical shaft 1 whose rear end is connected to an output part of a power tool by a collar 15 and a set screw 16 disposed inside is , teeth 11 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rear side over the entire circumference, and a female thread 13 is cut on the inner circumferential surface of the front end portion where the flange 14 is formed. A cylindrical handle 3 is press-fitted into the rear end of the shaft 1, and a female thread 13
A float screw 6 is screwed into. A sleeve 8 is attached to the outer periphery of the front end of the shaft 1. This sleeve 8 has a groove 86 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rear end and a thread 88 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the front end.
A shaft 81 is protruded from the rear end and located on the inner circumferential side of the groove 86, and the ratchet pawl 82 is rotatably supported by this shaft 81. Further, a spring 84 made of a torsion coil spring is attached to the shaft 81 so as to bias the ratchet pawl 82 and engage the teeth 11 at one end thereof. The plurality of claws 5 for tightening tools such as drill bits and driver bits have sloped outer surfaces and an engagement piece 50 at the rear end, and the engagement piece 50 is connected to the float screw. It is engaged with an engagement groove 60 provided in 6. The winter melon 5 is housed in a slit 70 formed in a cone-shaped metal guide block 7, and wing pieces 51 are formed on the conical surface of the guide block 7.
is engaged. In the figure, 75 is a retaining ring. The guide block 7 and pawl 5 are housed in a tabular bush 4 connected to the front end of the sleeve 8 by a screw 88. Note that the guide block 7 is also fixed to the taper bush 4 and sleeve 8, and these rotate together. The operating ring 2 surrounding the outer periphery of the rear end side of the taper bush 4 and the outer periphery of the sleeve 8 has a concave groove 2 on the inner peripheral surface of the rear end side.
2, and a steel ball 85 is disposed in this groove 22 and a groove 86 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 8, and the ball 85 allows the axis of the operating ring 2 with respect to the sleeve 8 to be The sleeve 8 and the operating ring 2 are configured to rotate together while allowing free directional movement. Further, when the operating ring 2 is slid backward with respect to the sleeve 8, the ball 85 is also pushed backward by the operating ring 2. Now, the ratchet pawl 82 is connected to the spring 84 as described above.
One end of the shaft is biased by tooth 1 on the outer peripheral surface of shaft 1.
1 prevents rotation of the sleeve 8 relative to the shaft 1, more precisely, rotation in the direction F in FIG. 2. To store the tool, simply set the tool between the claws 5, grip the operating ring 2, stop the rotation of the sleeve 8, and use the power of the electric tool to rotate the shaft 1 in the T1 direction. Since the ratchet pawl 82 is pushed up by the teeth 11, it allows the sleeve 8 to rotate relative to the shaft 1, and at this time, the sleeve 8, the taper bush 4, the guide block 7, and the float screw 6 are moved relative to the shaft 1. The float screw 6 screwed with the shaft 1 rotates relative to the shaft 1.
moves forward and moves Winter Melon 5 forward. As a result, the winter melon 5 whose wing pieces 51 are located between the guide block 7 and the inner circumferential surface of the tapered bush 4 gathers at the center in the radial direction and tightens the tool. When loosening a screw, the shaft 1 is rotated in the direction shown by arrow T2 in FIG. In this case, since the ratchet claws 82 bite into the teeth 11 on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 1, rotation of the sleeve 8 with respect to the shaft 1 is locked. For this reason, the claws 5 do not widen due to relative rotation of the operating ring 2 with respect to the shaft 1. Next, the tool can be removed by sliding it backward while grasping the operating ring 2, and in this state rotating the shaft 1 in the T2 direction. After sliding the operating ring 2, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the operating ring 2
The ball 85 connecting the sleeve 8 and the sleeve 8 simultaneously retreats and rides on the ratchet pawl 82, and disengages from the teeth 11 in order to move the ratchet pawl 82 backward against the spring 84. Therefore, if you grab the operating ring 2 in this state and rotate the shaft 1 in the above direction while stopping the rotation of the sleeve 8, the claws 5 will spread out and tighten the tool, contrary to the case where the claws 5 are tightened. is canceled.

【Effect of the invention】

As described above, in the present invention, the tool can be removed by loosening the claw and rotating the shaft by operating the power tool with the operating member moved in the axial direction, and the tool can be removed by loosening the claw. The tool can be quickly attached and detached by utilizing the rotation of the shaft, and since it can be locked and unlocked by simply moving the operating ring in the axial direction, these operations are smooth. Even if the operating member hits an obstacle during work, the lock will not be released by rotating the operating member, so the lock will not be released inadvertently and the claws will loosen, and the lock will not loosen. It can be done.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are a longitudinal cross-sectional view and a cross-sectional view seen from the rear of an embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 3 and 4 are a longitudinal cross-sectional view and a cross-sectional view seen from the rear during the unlocking operation. , FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the same as above, in which 1 is a shaft, 2 is an operating ring, and 5 is an exploded perspective view of the same as above.
6 is a float screw, 8 is a sleeve, and 82 is a ratchet pawl. Agent Patent Attorney Ishi 1) Choshichi

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A shaft through which power is transmitted, a sleeve that is rotatable relative to the shaft, a tightening pawl that moves radially as the sleeve rotates relative to the shaft, and a tightening claw that moves radially as the sleeve rotates relative to the shaft. A fastening tool comprising a locking means for locking and a releasing means for releasing the lock, the locking means comprising teeth provided on the shaft and a ratchet pawl provided on the sleeve and engaged with the teeth. A fastening device characterized in that the lock release means is formed of an operating member that rotates together with the sleeve and moves the ratchet pawl in a direction to release the engagement with the teeth by axial movement relative to the sleeve.