JP7536091B2 - 乱層炭素コーティングを含む熱不均化されたアノード活物質 - Google Patents
乱層炭素コーティングを含む熱不均化されたアノード活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Description
図2には、従来技術の電極活物質合剤で使用されることが一般的な炭素添加剤(すなわち、還元型酸化グラフェンまたは無定形炭素)のID/IG比率が、本出願の低欠陥乱層炭素と比較して記載されている。
[式中、V=電池の測定電圧
I=印加される電流
t0=パルス電流の印加直前の時間、および
t1=印加されたパルス電流の終了直前の時間]
によって定義されるように、充電または放電電流パルスに対する電圧応答(分極)によって測定される。
ケイ素は、その好ましい理論容量およびその利用可能性を理由に、大容量リチウムイオン電池での使用にとって有望かつ魅力的な電極材料である。しかしながら、ケイ素電極材料を効率的かつ高性能なバッテリ電極に統合することは、これらのケイ素電極材料を用いて製造されたバッテリ電極が使用される場合、電気化学電池のサイクル中の、第1サイクルの重大な不可逆的容量損失およびその後の急速な容量低下を原因として、困難であると証明されている。実際に、研究から以下のことが示されている:1)第1サイクル中にSi電極の表面上に(固体電解質中間相)SEI膜を形成することが困難である、2)リチウムイオン(Li+)の挿入および脱挿入は、電極の導電性を含み得る大きな体積膨張を誘起し、Siの挿入および放出の速度が遅くなる、3)電気化学電池の内部抵抗は、サイクル後のリチウム化の状態によって変化する。本出願の新規の粒子構造およびこれを製造する方法は、不可逆的なLi+反応を低減および/または制限し、バッテリの電極抵抗を低減し、電気化学電池の第1サイクルのリチウム化/脱リチウム化の効率を増加させる粒子構造ならびに電極粉末材料を提供することによって、これらの問題に対処する。
式1
2SiO+600℃~1400℃での加熱→Si+SiO2
図15Aは、本開示の様々な実施形態による、図14Aおよび14Bの複合粒子を形成する方法を示すブロック図である。図15Aを参照すると、ステップ10で、この方法は、SiOx[式中、xは、約0.9から約1.6まで、例えば、0.9から約1.1までの範囲にある]を含む一次粒子を加熱して、一次粒子を熱不均化し、ケイ素複合体を形成することを含み得る。
以下の実験例は、本開示の様々な実施形態のアノード活物質(例えば、複合粒子)および比較アノード活物質複合粒子を使用して形成されたアノードに関するものであり、限定するものとしてではなく、例示するものとして与えられる。実施例では、%は重量パーセント、gはグラム、mAh/gは容量である。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を水平炉に入れ、これを不活性ガス下で1000℃で3時間加熱して、熱不均化反応を可能にした。次いで、熱処理された粉末を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液とさらに組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を95:05に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を水平炉に入れ、これを不活性ガス下で1050℃で3時間加熱して、熱不均化反応を可能にした。次いで、熱処理された粉末を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液とさらに組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を95:05に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、複合粉末を不活性ガス下、700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を水平炉に入れ、これを不活性ガス下で1100℃で3時間加熱して、熱不均化反応を可能にした。次いで、熱処理された粉末を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液とさらに組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を95:05に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液と組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を95:05に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で1100℃で3時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を使用して、グラフェンを含まない上記の電極配合物を使用するアノード電極を構築した。アノードを含む電気化学電池を、上記のように調製し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液と組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を95:05に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、SiOxを不均化することなく、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液と組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を90:10に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、SiOxを不均化することなく、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を水平炉に入れ、これを不活性ガス下で1100℃で3時間加熱して、熱不均化反応を可能にした。このようにして得られた粉末を、X線回折法、走査型電子顕微鏡法、および電気化学電池サイクルによって分析した。この材料はグラフェンと混合または複合化しなかった。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの無定形炭素でコーティングされた酸化ケイ素粉末(C-SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を使用して、上記の電極配合物を使用するアノード電極を構築した。この材料はグラフェンと混合または複合化しなかった。アノードを含む電気化学電池を、上記のように調製し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの無定形炭素でコーティングされた酸化ケイ素粉末(C-SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を1%の濃度で水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性グラフェン分散液と組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を90:10に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェンおよび無定形炭素でコーティングされたSiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、SiOxを不均化することなく、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
第1の供給元からの無定形炭素でコーティングされた酸化ケイ素粉末(C-SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を水平炉に入れ、これを不活性ガス下で1050℃で3時間加熱して、熱不均化反応を可能にした。次いで、熱処理された粉末を1%の濃度の水に分散させ、1%の濃度の水性乱層グラフェン分散液と組み合わせた。酸化ケイ素粉末とグラフェン分散液との比率を95:05に保った。次いで、生じた混合物を処理して、グラフェン-SiOx複合粉末を生成した。その後、複合粉末を不活性ガス下で700℃で1時間加熱した。生じた粉末をX線回折法および走査型電子顕微鏡法によって分析した。粉末を使用してアノードを調製し、試験電池を先に論じたように構築し、サイクルさせた。
T5の実験例は、水平炉の温度を1100℃に上昇させたことを除いて、T4の実験例と同じであった。
T6の実験例は、T6の実験例を1175℃で熱不均化したことを除いて、T4の実験例と同じであった。
NoG-3の実験例は、出発材料として第2の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を使用することを除いて、NoG-1の実験例と同じであった。
対照-4の実験例は、出発材料として第2の供給元からの酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を使用することを除いて、対照-2の実験例と同じであった。
対照-5の実験例は、出発材料に20重量%のグラフェンコーティングを適用することを除いて、対照-4の実験例と同じであった。
T7およびT8の実験例は、T7の実験例を1000℃で不均化し、T8の実験例を1100℃で不均化したことを除いて、対照-5の実験例と同じであった。
NoG-4の実験例は、出発材料として第2の供給元からの無定形炭素でコーティングされた酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を使用することを除いて、NoG-2の実験例と同じであった。
対照-6の実験例は、出発材料として第2の供給元からの無定形炭素でコーティングされた酸化ケイ素粉末(SiOx、xは約0.9~1.1)を使用することを除いて、対照-3の実験例と同じであった。
T9、T10、およびT11の実験例は、T9の実験例を1100℃で熱不均化し、T10の実験例を1120℃で熱不均化し、T11の実験例を1140℃で熱不均化したことを除いて、対照-6の実験例と同じであった。
Claims (14)
- リチウムイオン二次バッテリ用の電極材料であって、電極材料が複合粒子を含み、各複合粒子が、
熱不均化された金属ドープSiO x [式中、0.9<x<1.1]を含む一次粒子であって、SiO 2 層を有さない、前記一次粒子と、
前記一次粒子の表面上に配置された外被
を含み、前記外被が
1330cm-1と1360cm-1の間の波数でピーク強度(ID)を有するDバンド、
1580cm -1 と1600cm -1 の間の波数でピーク強度(IG)を有するGバンド、および
2650cm-1と2750cm-1の間の波数でピーク強度(I2D)を有する2Dバンドを有し、
ID/IG比率が、0超から0.9までの範囲にあり、
I2D/IG比率が、1超から2までの範囲にある
ラマンスペクトルを有する乱層炭素を含む、電極材料。 - 前記一次粒子が、二酸化ケイ素を含むマトリックス中に配置された結晶性ケイ素領域を含む、請求項1に記載の電極材料。
- ID/IG比率が、0.3から0.7までの範囲にあり、
I2D/IG比率が、1超から1.2までの範囲にある、
請求項1に記載の電極材料。 - IDが、1340cm-1の波数にあり、
IGが、1530cm-1 と1584cm-1の間の波数にあり、
I2Dが、2700cm-1の波数にある、
請求項1に記載の電極材料。 - 前記SiO x 粒子が、1050℃から1150℃までの範囲の温度で熱不均化されている、請求項4に記載の電極材料。
- 前記一次粒子が、前記複合粒子の総重量の少なくとも50重量パーセントを占める、請求項1に記載の電極材料。
- 前記複合粒子が、1.0μmから15.0μmまでの範囲の平均粒径を有し、
前記一次粒子が、50nmから10μmまでの範囲の平均粒径を有する、
請求項1に記載の電極材料。 - 外被が、平均で、前記一次粒子の表面積の10%から100%までを覆う、請求項1に記載の電極材料。
- 請求項1に記載の電極材料、および
バインダー
を含む、電極。 - 前記バインダーが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリエチレンテトラフルオロエチレン(ETFE)、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエチレン、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)、リチウムポリアクリル酸(LiPAA)、またはこれらの混合物を含む、請求項9に記載の電極。
- カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、導電性ポリマー、グラファイト、金属粉末、ニッケル、アルミニウム、チタン、ステンレス鋼、およびこれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される導電性添加剤をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の電極。
- 請求項9に記載の電極を含むアノードと、
カソードと、
前記アノードおよびカソードを収容するケーシングと、
前記アノードとカソードとの間に配置された電解質と
を含む、リチウム二次バッテリ。 - 0.05C定電流定電圧(CCCV)充放電プロトコルを使用して、Li/Li+に対して1.50と0.02Vの間でサイクルされた場合、少なくとも78%の第1サイクルのクーロン効率を有する、請求項12に記載のバッテリ。
- リチウムイオン二次バッテリ用の電極材料であって、電極材料が複合粒子を含み、各複合粒子が、
熱不均化された金属化SiO x [式中、0.9<x<1.1]を含む一次粒子であって、SiO 2 層を有さない、前記一次粒子と、
前記一次粒子の表面上に配置された外被
を含み、前記外被が
1330cm-1と1360cm-1の間の波数でピーク強度(ID)を有するDバンド、
1580cm-1と1600cm-1の間の波数でピーク強度(IG)を有するGバンド、および
2650cm-1と2750cm-1の間の波数でピーク強度(I2D)を有する2Dバンドを有し、
ID/IG比率が、0超から1.1までの範囲にあり、
I2D/IG比率が、1超から2までの範囲にある
ラマンスペクトルを有する乱層炭素を含む、電極材料。
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CN114497489B (zh) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-07-16 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种复合材料及包括该复合材料的负极片和电池 |
WO2023159327A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-31 | Universal Matter Inc. | Graphene and silicon based anodes for lithium-ion batteries |
CN114613982B (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-02-27 | 山东大学 | 掺杂诱导歧化的碳包覆氧化亚硅材料及其制备方法与应用 |
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WO2024004786A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池用負極材料、二次電池、および二次電池用負極材料の製造方法 |
KR20240044744A (ko) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-05 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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