JP7440129B2 - 乳酸生成およびポリ乳酸リサイクリングのための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
乳酸生成およびポリ乳酸リサイクリングのための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP7440129B2 JP7440129B2 JP2022549664A JP2022549664A JP7440129B2 JP 7440129 B2 JP7440129 B2 JP 7440129B2 JP 2022549664 A JP2022549664 A JP 2022549664A JP 2022549664 A JP2022549664 A JP 2022549664A JP 7440129 B2 JP7440129 B2 JP 7440129B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lactic acid
- pla
- lactate
- waste
- hydrolysis
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 257
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 220
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims description 216
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 129
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 181
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 129
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 128
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940116871 l-lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-CEOVSRFSSA-L magnesium;(2s)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].C[C@H](O)C([O-])=O.C[C@H](O)C([O-])=O OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-CEOVSRFSSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001432 poly(L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-M (R)-lactate Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009996 mechanical pre-treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 description 34
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- -1 glucose and fructose Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium lactate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000626 magnesium lactate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000015229 magnesium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 14
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 11
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 10
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 208000034530 PLAA-associated neurodevelopmental disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003895 L-lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007073 chemical hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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Images
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Description
乳酸発酵、すなわち、微生物発酵を介する炭水化物源からの乳酸の生成は、バイオプラスチックの製造においてビルディングブロックとして乳酸を使用することができるために、近年、関心を集めている。乳酸は重合させることができ、生分解性のリサイクル可能なポリエステル、ポリ乳酸(PLA)が形成され、これは、石油から製造されたプラスチックの潜在的代用品と考えられる。PLAは、食品包装、使い捨て品、織物および衛生用品業界における繊維、その他いろいろを含む様々な製品の製造において使用される。
再生可能資源から生成されるPLAは石油由来プラスチックの代替品であり、食品包装などの製品の製造におけるその使用は増え続けている。使い捨て最終製品中のPLAの存在が増加しているために、確実に、PLAが廃棄後十分対処されることが重要である。ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレンおよびポリ(エチレンテレフタレート)などの熱可塑性樹脂とは異なり、PLAは熱分解を受ける。したがって、PLAおよび前記プラスチックの混合物を含む製品がリサイクルされる場合、リサイクルストリームの汚染を回避するためにPLAを分離することが望ましい。
(a)PLA廃棄物を金属酸化物または水酸化物を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第1の対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)有機廃棄物を、乳酸産生微生物を用いて発酵槽においてアルカリ化合物の存在下で発酵させ、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第2の対イオンを含む発酵ブロスを得るステップであって、
第1および第2の対イオンは同じであり;または、第1および第2の対イオンの少なくとも1つはイオン交換に供せられ、よって、同じである第1および第2の対イオンが得られるステップ;
(c)任意でステップ(a)のPLA加水分解スラリー、ステップ(b)の発酵ブロス、または、ステップ(a)のPLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の発酵ブロスを含む混合物を、D-乳酸分解酵素またはD-乳酸利用微生物と接触させ、D-乳酸モノマーを排除し、よってL-乳酸モノマーを得るステップ;ならびに
(d)ステップ(a)のPLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の発酵ブロスを含む混合物またはステップ(c)のL-乳酸モノマーを精製し、よって、L-乳酸塩を得るステップ。
(a)PLA廃棄物を水酸化ナトリウム、カリウムおよびアンモニウムから選択される塩基を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよびナトリウム、カリウムおよびアンモニウムから選択される対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)任意で、PLA加水分解スラリーを、酸を用いて中和すること、および、非加水分解PLA廃棄物を除去することの少なくとも1つを実施するステップ;ならびに
(c)マグネシウム塩をステップ(a)または(b)のPLA加水分解スラリーに添加し、よって、L-乳酸マグネシウム塩を沈殿させるステップ。
-不溶性不純物が除去された浄化混合物を提供するステップであって、浄化は発酵ブロスに対して、PLA加水分解スラリーと混合するステップ前に、または後に実施することができ、浄化混合物は可溶性形態の乳酸マグネシウムを含み、混合物は45℃~75℃の温度にあるステップ;
-浄化混合物を150-220g/Lの乳酸濃度まで濃縮するステップ;
-濃縮浄化混合物の少なくとも1つの冷却結晶化を実施し、乳酸マグネシウム結晶を得るステップ;ならびに
-得られた乳酸マグネシウム結晶を収集するステップ。
実施例1
水酸化マグネシウムを使用した薄膜PLAバッグのアルカリ熱加水分解
下記実験は、水酸化マグネシウムを使用して、使用済み廃棄物由来の薄膜PLAバッグの加水分解を試験した。
PLAバッグを、はさみを用いて手作業で切断し、約3×5cmの寸法を有する小さな長方形形状の小片とした。PLAバッグの各切断片はざっとおよそ100-200mgの重量があった。
PLA製品の完全分解を達成するために必要とされるMg(OH)2の量を評価するために、5gのPLAバッグの切断片を、150mL DW中、0(対照として)、1、2.5、5、10および15wt%のMg(OH)2を使用する加水分解に供した。反応は90℃で24時間実施した。
全ての反応を大きな卵形形状の磁気撹拌子を備えた250mL丸底フラスコ内で実施した。Mg(OH)2を、粉末漏斗を使用して各フラスコに添加し、乳白色懸濁液を形成させた。フラスコを油浴内に置き、90℃まで24時間撹拌しながら加熱した。次に、各フラスコからの懸濁液をワットマン3濾紙が備えられた90mmブフナー漏斗を使用して真空濾過した。フラスコ内の残りをDWで洗浄し、フィルタに通過させた。濾液は、典型的には半乳白色であり、もう一度、形成させたMg(OH)2濾過ケーキに通して濾過すると、透明の無色水溶液が得られた。各溶液を秤量した丸底フラスコに移し、水を、Rotovapを使用して蒸発乾固させ、白色固体を得た。蒸発後、フラスコを一晩、真空下デシカントに置き、残留水を処分した。各フラスコを完全乾燥後に再び秤量し、フラスコ内の固体の総重量を計算した。次いで、固体をDW(250mL)に少なくとも30分間RTで撹拌しながら溶解させた。溶液のpHおよび導電率を較正計器により測定した。乳酸塩を、酵素キット(乳酸試験)を用いて測定した。
上記実験手順を同じ条件下だが、Mg(OH)2の添加なしで繰り返した。PLAの残りの濾過後、水溶液を蒸発乾固させなかった。というのも、固体二乳酸マグネシウム(magnesium dilactate)は形成できなかったからである。代わりに、濾液の総体積を250mLまでDWを用いて増加させ、pH、導電率および乳酸測定を実施した。
5%Mg(OH)2中での加水分解の結果形成された乳酸含有溶液を酸性(pH=5.5)乳酸発酵ブロス中にうまく添加した。本発明の出願人に譲渡された同時係属中の特許出願、WO2020/110108号に記載されるように、pHをpH=6.8まで増加させ、溶液を下流処理(DSP)手順に供し、純粋乳酸マグネシウム結晶を生成させた。
水酸化ナトリウムを使用したPLAペレットのアルカリ熱加水分解
50gのPLAペレット(Ingeo(商標)Biopolymer 4032D、NatureWorks LLC.)を凝縮器および温度計が備えられた250ml三つ口フラスコに添加した。150mlのNaOH 5Mを添加し、フラスコを80℃まで加熱した。pHを測定すると13.5であった。
Claims (14)
- ポリ乳酸(PLA)廃棄物のリサイクリングおよび有機廃棄物のリサイクリングの組み合わせからL-乳酸塩を生成するための方法であって、
(a)ポリL-乳酸(PLLA)、ポリD-乳酸(PDLA)、ポリ(D-L-)乳酸(PDLLA)、ステレオコンプレックスPLA(sc-PLA)またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、PLA廃棄物を金属酸化物または水酸化物を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第1の対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)炭水化物を含み、食品廃棄物、都市廃棄物の有機画分、農業廃棄物、植物材料、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、有機廃棄物を、L-乳酸産生微生物を用いて発酵槽においてアルカリ化合物の存在下で発酵させ、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第2の対イオンを含む発酵ブロスを得るステップであって、
前記第1および第2の対イオンが同じである;または、前記第1および第2の対イオンの少なくとも1つがイオン交換に供せられ、よって、同じである第1および第2の対イオンが得られる、
ステップ;および
(c)ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスを含む混合物を形成させ、前記混合物からL-乳酸塩を精製することにより、L-乳酸塩を得るステップ
を含む、方法。 - ステップ(a)およびステップ(b)は任意の順序で、または同時に、実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスを含む混合物を形成させる工程は、L-乳酸産生微生物を用いて前記有機廃棄物が発酵される前記発酵槽に前記PLA加水分解スラリーを徐々に添加することにより行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)より前に、ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスをD-乳酸分解酵素またはD-乳酸利用微生物と接触させ、前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよび前記発酵ブロスからD-乳酸モノマーを排除するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法であって、ステップ(c)は、D-乳酸モノマーが排除された前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよび前記発酵ブロスに対して行われる、方法。
- ステップ(c)におけるL-乳酸塩を精製する工程が、前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよび前記発酵ブロスを含む前記混合物を、D-乳酸分解酵素またはD-乳酸利用微生物と接触させ、D-乳酸モノマーを排除することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は50℃~90℃の範囲の温度で実施される、または
ステップ(a)は1~12時間もしくは12~36時間の範囲の期間の間実施される、
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - ステップ(a)の前記金属酸化物または水酸化物およびステップ(b)の前記アルカリ化合物は同じ化合物である、または
前記第1および第2の対イオンは異なる、または
ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも1つはイオン交換に供せられ、よって、同じである第1および第2の対イオンが得られる、
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記金属酸化物または前記アルカリ化合物は、MgOおよびCaOのうちの少なくとも1つを含む;または
前記アルカリ化合物は、CaCO3 およびMgCO 3 のうちの少なくとも1つを含む;または
前記水酸化物または前記アルカリ化合物は、NaOH、KOH、NH4OH、Ca(OH)2、およびMg(OH) 2 のうちの少なくとも1つを含む;または
前記水酸化物はMg(OH)2である、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記L-乳酸塩はL-乳酸マグネシウム塩である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の前に前記PLA廃棄物の前処理をさらに含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前処理は、粉砕、チッピング、寸断、ミリング、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される機械的前処理を含む;または
ステップ(a)で得られた前記PLA加水分解スラリーを固液分離に供することをさらに含む、
請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記有機廃棄物は、内在性D-乳酸、L-乳酸またはその両方を含む;または
前記PLA廃棄物は、ポリL-乳酸(PLLA)およびポリD-乳酸(PDLA)を含む、
請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記D-乳酸分解酵素はD-乳酸オキシダーゼである、請求項4~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記L-乳酸塩は結晶化、再結晶、蒸留、分配、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー、分取HPLC、およびそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つにより精製される;または
前記L-乳酸塩は酸性化され、その後のポリ乳酸形成のためのL-乳酸が形成される、
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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