JP7333026B2 - Ductless dynamic insulation and heat storage system - Google Patents

Description

It is a heat recovery type thermal insulation technology called "Dynamic Insulation (DI)" (hereinafter referred to as DI) that suppresses heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer in the building envelope . DI is a mechanism that hinders heat transport in the direction opposite to the incoming airflow by advection when fresh outdoor air flows into the room through windows and walls that have a ventilation function. In order to realize the effect of heat recovery appropriately, high airtightness is required in terms of structural performance, and consideration must be given to the load of ventilation power. If it is put into practical use, it will be possible to reduce heat loss and heat gain without having to thicken the insulation of the house, and the need for a register to take in fresh outside air will be eliminated.

The present invention also relates to a building using a dynamic storage system (hereinafter referred to as DSS) , which is integrated with a dynamic storage (hereinafter referred to as DS ) that can efficiently store and release solar heat and radiative cooling heat at night.

The double DI system, which ventilates inside and outside the insulation and airtight layers of the outer skin such as the walls and roofs of buildings, has no application other than glass windows. The only way was to vent.

Although there are methods for independently controlling the outer and inner DI layers in the outer wall, there has been no technology for constructing DI technology by controlling both via a total heat exchanger.

Since the heat storage material placed in the inner DI layer has low thermal conductivity, it took a long time to store and release heat. I had no idea what to do.

There was no ventilation system that integrated the inner and outer DI layers of the outer wall, the roof DI layer, the inner and outer spaces of the attic, the space above the ceiling, and the space under the floor as a ventilation route.

There is an application (shown in the prior art document) using a total heat exchange device in an air circulation type air cycle system using a part of DI , but there is no description of using inner and outer DI layers and DS of the outer wall.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-279837

In a conventional air circulation type building, there is no way to control the direction of the air in the DI layer outside the outer wall, so it is not possible to control the heat received/dissipated from the outer wall of the building day and night throughout the four seasons.

When installing a heat exchange ventilation system in an air circulation type building, the duct path becomes longer than necessary. A skirt duct and control valve are provided to collect the air , and a duct fan is also required in part of the duct. In addition, system equipment to control these must also be installed.

In addition, there is no heat storage material in conventional air circulation type buildings, and the effect of DS is obtained by storing warm heat from the warm air flowing through the DI layer inside the outer wall, or cold heat from the cold air, and dissipating heat with a time lag. do not have.

Furthermore, DI is not considered at all for windows attached to the outer skin, and the DI layer is divided above and below the large opening window of the building , and the effect of DI is halved.

The present invention was made to solve these problems, and its purpose is to reduce the amount of heat loss in the entire building without increasing the amount of insulation, and to By recovering and storing the heat in the latent heat storage material in the DI layer inside the outer wall and reducing it with a time lag, it is possible to control the heat received and released from the building skin day and night throughout the four seasons, and to improve the building ventilation and indoor environment throughout the year. It is to preserve.

In general, the method of obtaining the DI effect by providing ventilation holes in the wall itself and allowing the outside air or indoor air to pass directly through the wall is not effective because of the possibility of dew condensation inside the wall/indoor surface and insufficient ventilation, etc. durability and interior comfort.

In the construction industry, where energy conservation has become an important issue, the only way to improve insulation performance is to increase the thickness of the insulation material on the outer skin. is an issue.

In order to control the air in the DI layer inside and outside the outer wall each season, daytime, and nighttime, considerable duct piping and damper control are required, leading to difficulty in construction and an increase in cost. Therefore, by using the space above the ceiling and under the floor of the building, we will reduce the number of components and improve workability by eliminating ducts, which will lead to cost reduction.

This is a DI system that has a double DI layer provided on the outer skin such as the walls and roofs of buildings. DI layers are provided on the outer and inner sides of the thermal insulation and airtight layer of the building skin. is introduced into the room as fresh outside air while recovering heat loss from the indoor side and solar heat from the outside.

On the other hand, during the summer, the outer DI layer takes in low-temperature air into the room through radiative cooling at night, and collects heat from the outside solar heat and the outside air during the day and discharges the heat as it is, allowing high heat from the outside to enter the room. do not enter.

When the fresh outside air obtained from the DI layer outside the outer wall is taken into the room, it is introduced into the room after exchanging heat with the room air through the total heat exchanger. When air is obtained, or when air with a temperature lower than room temperature is obtained by radiative cooling at night in summer, heat loss is reduced as much as possible by introducing it directly into the room using a bypass without going through a heat exchanger. .

The ventilation of the DI layer inside the outer wall circulates the room air, so that the room surface temperature can be maintained.

A heat storage material is installed in the DI layer on the inner side of the outer wall, and heat or cold heat from the solar heat or radiant cooling heat obtained from the outer wall outer DI layer can be stored and used to reduce the indoor heating and cooling load. ing

The basic performance is 365 days, 8760 hours, and the DSS technology with constant DI and DS can provide heat loss reduction effect and ventilation including the building frame, making it possible to obtain health and longevity for both people and buildings.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Two ventilation layers (outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and outer wall inner DI layer 1-2) are placed on the outer and inner sides of the heat insulation/airtight layer 1-3 of the building envelope such as the building wall shown in Fig. 3, respectively. This is a DI system with multiple DI layers, with an outside air intake port 2-1 from the bottom of the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1, and an outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 upper part for each direction It has a direction-specific opening and closing damper 2-2 that controls the air flow in the direction. The upper part of the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 communicates with the attic outer space 1-4 in the attic space divided into the outer and inner sides of the heat insulating and airtight layer through this orientation-dependent opening and closing damper 2-2. are doing. Furthermore, at the top of the attic outer space 1-4, an exhaust is provided with an openable damper 2-3 for exhausting the outside air that has passed through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and flowed into the attic outer space 1-4. Boxes 1-8 are arranged. In the summertime solar heat exhaust mode, solar heat received by the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 during the daytime is exhausted from the heat exhaust box 1-8 to the outside air through the intake/ exhaust port 1-9. The air that has flowed into the attic outside space 1-4 is supplied to the room 1-6 from the fresh outside air intake port of the heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4, and is sent to the underfloor space 1- through the damper-equipped louver 2-6 provided on the floor. 7, flows into the attic inner space 1-5 through the heat storage material 3 of the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 communicating with the underfloor space 1-7, and exhausts to the outside via the heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4. be done. At this time, the fresh outside air supplied from the attic outer space 1-4 and the polluted air that flowed into the attic inner space 1-5 are supplied or 2. An air circulation type building 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that it is exhausted to the outside air. As a result, in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1, which mainly receives solar heat, after the solar heat is taken in, the heat is discharged from the attic outer space 1-4, so that the heat from the outside enters the room through the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3. It can prevent heat from entering and has the effect of reducing the cooling load.

In the summer nighttime radiative cooling mode shown in FIG. 4, the air cooled by nighttime radiative cooling in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 flows into the attic outer space 1-4, and the air does not exchange heat. The air is supplied to the attic interior space 1-5 through a functional heat exchange ventilator 2-4. The attic interior space 1-5 communicates with the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 in which the heat storage material 3 is installed, and flows into the underfloor space 1-7 while accumulating cold in the heat storage material 3. - 特許庁The air in the room 1-6 is sent to the space 1-5 inside the attic through the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper installed on the ceiling surface, and is sent to the space 1-7 under the floor by ventilating the DI layer 1-2 inside the outer wall. Then, it is supplied as fresh outside air to the room 1-6 from the damper-equipped louver 2-6 arranged on the floor. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of air blown by the ventilating fan 2-5 with a damper at this time is made larger than the amount of air blown by the heat exchange type ventilator 2-4. As a result, cold heat at night can be taken into the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3 and stored in the heat storage material 3, and the heat can be released during the day when the temperature is high, which has the effect of reducing the cooling load. .

In the winter solar heat storage mode shown in Fig. 5, the fresh outside air warmed by receiving solar heat through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1, such as the south face, which mainly receives the sun's insolation, flows into the attic outer space 1-4. Let The air that has flowed into the attic outer space 1-4 is supplied to the attic inner space 1-5 through a heat exchange ventilator 2-4 having a bypass function that does not exchange heat. The attic interior space 1-5 communicates with the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 in which the heat storage material 3 is installed, and flows into the underfloor space 1-7 while storing heat in the heat storage material 3. - 特許庁The air in the room 1-6 is sent to the space 1-5 inside the attic through the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper installed on the ceiling surface, and is sent to the space 1-7 under the floor by ventilating the DI layer 1-2 inside the outer wall. Then, it is supplied as fresh outside air to the room 1-6 from the damper-equipped louver 2-6 arranged on the floor. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of air blown by the ventilating fan 2-5 with a damper at this time is made larger than the amount of air blown by the heat exchange type ventilator 2-4. As a result, in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 , the through-flow heat from the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3 is recovered, and the solar heat from the outside is acquired, and the heat is transferred to the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3. By incorporating the heat into the heat storage material 3 and further storing heat in the heat storage material 3, there is an effect of reducing the heating load.

In the winter heat storage utilization mode shown in FIG. 6, fresh outside air that has flowed into the attic outer space 1-4 through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 is supplied to the room 1-6 through the heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4. do. At the same time, the air in the room 1-6 flows into the space 1-5 inside the attic from the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper on the ceiling, and then passes through the DI layer 1-2 inside the outer wall while receiving heat from the heat storage material 3. After that, it is supplied to the room 1-6 through the underfloor space 1-7 and the damper-equipped louver 2-6 installed on the floor. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of air blown by the ventilating fan 2-5 with a damper at this time is made larger than the amount of air blown by the heat exchange type ventilator 2-4. As a result, in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1, the through-flow heat from the indoor side of the thermal insulation/airtight layer 1-3 is recovered, the heat is taken into the indoor side of the thermal insulation/airtight layer 1-3, and the heat is stored during the daytime. By dissipating the heat stored in the material 3, there is an effect of reducing the heating load.

Ventilation layers (outer wall outer DI layer 1-1, outer wall inner DI layer 1-2, roof DI layer 1-10) are arranged, and the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 has an outside air intake port 2-1 from the bottom, and the roof DI layer 1 connected to the top. There is -10. At the top of the roof DI layer 1-10, outside air that has passed through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10 passes through an exhaust port 1-8 having an openable damper 2-3 and an intake /exhaust port. Ventilation box 1-11 with 1-9 is arranged. In the summertime solar heat exhaust mode, the solar heat received by the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10 on the south side, which is mainly exposed to solar heat during the daytime, is exhausted from this ventilation box 1-11 to the outside air. . Outside air that has passed through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10 on surfaces other than the south side, which is not exposed to much solar heat, is fresh outside air from the ventilation box 1-11 to the heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4. Heat is supplied from the suction port to the room 1-6, moves to the underfloor space 1-7 through the damper-equipped gallery 2-6 provided in the floor, and heat storage material 3 of the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 communicating with the underfloor space 1-7 The air flows into the attic inner space 1-5 through the attic and is exhausted outside through the heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4. At this time, the fresh outside air supplied from the roof DI layer 1-10 and the contaminated air that flowed into the attic inner space 1-5 are supplied to the room 1-6 after heat exchange in the heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4, or 3. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 2, wherein the air is exhausted to. As a result, the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10, which mainly receive solar heat, receive the solar heat, and then the heat is exhausted from the intake/ exhaust ports 1-9 at the top of the roof DI layer 1-10. , the heat insulation/airtight layer 1-3 can prevent heat from entering the room from the outside, thereby reducing the cooling load.

In the nighttime radiative cooling mode shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, air cooled by nighttime radiative cooling in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10 flows into the ventilation box 1-11, where Air is supplied to the attic inner space 1-5 through a heat exchange ventilator 2-4 having a bypass function that does not exchange heat. The attic inner space 1-5 communicates with the outer wall indoor inner DI layer 1-2 in which the heat storage material 3 is installed, and flows into the underfloor space 1-7 while storing coolness in the heat storage material 3. - 特許庁The air in the room 1-6 is sent to the space 1-5 inside the attic through the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper installed on the ceiling surface, and is sent to the space 1-7 under the floor by ventilating the DI layer 1-2 inside the outer wall. Then, it is supplied as fresh outside air to the room 1-6 from the damper-equipped louver 2-6 arranged on the floor. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of air blown by the ventilating fan 2-5 with a damper at this time is made larger than the amount of air blown by the heat exchange type ventilator 2-4. As a result, cold heat at night can be taken into the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3 and stored in the heat storage material 3, and the heat can be released during the day when the temperature is high, which has the effect of reducing the cooling load. .

In the winter solar heat storage mode shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the fresh outside air is warmed by receiving solar heat via the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10, such as the south face, which mainly receives the sun's insolation. is introduced into the ventilation box 1-11, and the air is supplied to the attic inner space 1-5 through a heat exchange type ventilation device 2-4 having a bypass function that does not exchange heat. The air passes through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10 except for the south face, which does not receive the sun's insolation, and enters the ventilation box 1-11 and is exhausted to the outside air. The attic inner space 1-5 communicates with the outer wall indoor inner DI layer 1-2 in which the heat storage material 3 is installed, and flows into the underfloor space 1-7 while storing heat in the heat storage material 3. - 特許庁The air in the room 1-6 is sent to the space 1-5 inside the attic through the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper installed on the ceiling surface, and is sent to the space 1-7 under the floor by ventilating the DI layer 1-2 inside the outer wall. Then, it is supplied as fresh outside air to the room 1-6 from the damper-equipped louver 2-6 arranged on the floor. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of air blown by the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper at this time is made larger than the amount of air blown by the heat exchange type ventilator 2-4. As a result, in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10, the through-flow heat from the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3 is recovered, and the solar heat from the outside is acquired, and the heat is transferred to the heat insulating/airtight layer. Incorporating the heat into the indoor side of the layer 1-3 and storing heat in the heat storage material 3 has the effect of reducing the heating load.

In the winter heat storage utilization mode shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the fresh outside air that has flowed into the ventilation box 1-11 through the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10 is transferred to the heat exchange ventilation system 2-. Supply room 1-6 through 4. At the same time, the air in the room 1-6 flows into the space 1-5 inside the attic from the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper on the ceiling, and then passes through the DI layer 1-2 inside the outer wall while receiving heat from the heat storage material 3. After that, it is supplied to the room 1-6 through the underfloor space 1-7 and the damper-equipped louver 2-6 installed on the floor. The air circulation type building 1 according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of air blown by the ventilation fan 2-5 with a damper at this time is made larger than the amount of air blown by the heat exchange type ventilator 2-4. As a result, in the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the roof DI layer 1-10, the through-flow heat from the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3 is recovered, and the heat is transferred to the indoor side of the heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3. In addition, during the daytime, the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 is radiated, thereby reducing the heating load.

15 to 20, the windows installed on the outer wall of the building 1 according to claims 1 and 2 are provided with sashes 4 on the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2, respectively. A multi-layered window structure (outer DI window 4-1, inner DI window 4-2) is used, and the outer wall outer DI layer 1-1 and the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 can be vertically communicated through the sash. The air circulation type building 1 according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by:

15 and 16 use a heat insulating/airtight layer 1-3 on the outside of the structural frame, provide an outer wall outer DI layer 1-1, and only between the outer DI window 4-1 and the inner DI window 4-2. This is the DI window structure when the is ventilated. 17 to 20 are DI window structures in which the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 is also ventilated.

17 and 18, a heat insulating sash using double glass is installed on the outer DI window 4-1, and a heat insulating sash using double glass is also installed on the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2. . However, in warmer climates the outer DI window 4-1 may be single glazed, and in more temperate climates both may be single glazed.

Moreover, an example of using a mesh-like insect net for the upper and lower vents is shown. Furthermore, although shielding plates are used as indoor shielding tools, shutters, blinds, roll screens, curtains, blinds, shoji screens, etc. can be substituted.

19 and 20, the outer DI window 4-1 is provided with a heat insulating sash using double glass, and the inner DI window 4-2 is provided with a heat insulating sash using triple glass. This is intended to strengthen the heat insulation of the glass surface in cold regions, and allows the specifications of the heat insulation sash to be changed as appropriate.

Further, an example of using a rattle-like ventilation member for the upper and lower vents of the outer wall outer DI layer and the upper and lower vents of the outer wall inner DI layer 1-2 is shown. The function of the DI system can be improved by making the ventilation member openable and closable and adjusting the amount of ventilation. In addition, indoor shielding tools are equipped with shielding roll screens, curtains, blinds, shoji screens, etc., and can be controlled.

A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 1 of the present invention Configuration sectional view according to claim 2 of the present invention Configuration sectional view of the present invention during summer and daytime Configuration sectional view of the present invention in summer and at night Configuration cross-sectional view of the present invention during winter and daytime Cross-sectional view of the configuration of the present invention in winter and at night Configuration sectional view of the present invention during summer and daytime Configuration sectional view of the present invention during summer and daytime Configuration sectional view of the present invention in summer and at night Configuration sectional view of the present invention in summer and at night Configuration cross-sectional view of the present invention during winter and daytime Configuration cross-sectional view of the present invention during winter and daytime Cross-sectional view of the configuration of the present invention in winter and at night Cross-sectional view of the configuration of the present invention in winter and at night A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention A configuration cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention

1 Air circulation type building of the present invention
1-1 Outer wall outer DI layer
1-2 External wall inner DI layer
1-3 Thermal insulation/airtight layer
1-4 Space outside the attic
1-5 Space inside the attic
1-6 Indoor
1-7 Underfloor space
1-8 exhaust box
1-9 Intake/exhaust port
1-10 Roof DI layer
1-11 ventilation box
2-1 Outside air intake
2-2 Orientation-dependent opening and closing dampers
2-3 Openable damper
2- 4 heat exchange ventilator
2-5 Ventilation fan with damper
2-6 floor damper garari
2-7 Rattle with ceiling damper
3 Heat storage material
4-1 Outer DI window
4-2 Inside DI window

Claims (4)

A dynamic insulation (hereinafter referred to as DI) system having a double DI layer in which ventilation layers (hereinafter referred to as DI layers) are arranged on the outer and inner sides of the heat insulating and airtight layer of the building envelope such as the wall of the building,
The outer wall outer DI layer has an outside air intake port at the bottom and an opening and closing damper for each direction that controls the air flow in the outer wall outer DI layer at the top.
Through this, the upper part of the outer wall outer DI layer communicates with the attic outer space in the attic space divided into the outside and the inside of the heat insulating and airtight layer of the attic,
At the top of the attic outside space, an exhaust box equipped with an openable damper for exhausting outside air that has flowed into the attic outside space through the outer wall DI layer is arranged,
a heat exchange ventilator having a function of exchanging heat with the air taken in from the attic outside air side space and a bypass function of not exchanging heat;
Through the heat-exchange ventilation system, fresh air is introduced into the room when open and into the space inside the attic when closed.
At the boundary between the room and the space inside the attic, there is a ventilation fan with an opening and closing damper to make the room negative pressure,
An air circulation type building characterized by comprising a floor louver with opening and closing type damper for connecting an underfloor space and a room. A DI system with double DI layers on the walls and roof of a building,
The outer wall outer DI layer has an outside air intake at the bottom and a roof DI layer connected to the top.
At the top of the roof DI layer, outside air that has passed through the outer wall outer DI layer and the roof DI layer is arranged to pass through a ventilation box equipped with an exhaust port with an openable damper and an intake port into the room,
A heat exchange ventilator having a function of exchanging heat with the air that has passed through the roof DI layer and taken in from the attic outside air side space, and a bypass function that does not perform heat exchange for supplying air to the room;
Through a heat-exchange ventilation system , the ceiling is equipped with an opening and closing damper that introduces fresh air into the room when it is open, and into the attic when it is closed.
At the boundary between the room and the attic space, a ventilation fan with an opening and closing damper to make the indoor space negative pressure,
An air circulation type building characterized by comprising a floor louver with opening and closing type damper for connecting an underfloor space and a room. 3. An air circulation type building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a latent heat storage material is installed in the DI layer inside the outer wall in the building according to claim 1 or 2 to store heat or cold heat sent through the bypass. thing. In the window installed on the outer wall of the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a sash is provided on each of the outer wall outer DI layer and the outer wall inner DI layer to form a double window structure, and the outer wall outer DI layer and the outer wall inner side are provided. 4. The air circulation type building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the DI layer enables vertical communication between the sashes.