JP7315136B2 - 結晶性酸化物半導体 - Google Patents
結晶性酸化物半導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7315136B2 JP7315136B2 JP2018242290A JP2018242290A JP7315136B2 JP 7315136 B2 JP7315136 B2 JP 7315136B2 JP 2018242290 A JP2018242290 A JP 2018242290A JP 2018242290 A JP2018242290 A JP 2018242290A JP 7315136 B2 JP7315136 B2 JP 7315136B2
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- crystalline oxide
- oxide semiconductor
- electrode
- semiconductor layer
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 223
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 115
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 13
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[In] NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhenium Chemical compound [Re]=O DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical class C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammine complexes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium peroxide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][O-] ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical class [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRVXDMYFQIODQI-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Ga](Br)Br SRVXDMYFQIODQI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZYCMDWDFIQDPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hbr bromine Chemical compound Br.Br ZYCMDWDFIQDPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001509 metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/24—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only semiconductor materials not provided for in groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
- C23C16/4481—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials by evaporation using carrier gas in contact with the source material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/14—Feed and outlet means for the gases; Modifying the flow of the reactive gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
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- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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Description
特許文献3には、ガリウム又はインジウムの臭化物又はヨウ化物を用いて、ミストCVD法により、酸化物結晶薄膜を製造する方法が記載されている。特許文献4~6には、コランダム型結晶構造を有する下地基板上に、コランダム型結晶構造を有する半導体層と、コランダム型結晶構造を有する絶縁膜とが積層された多層構造体が記載されている。
なお、特許文献3~9はいずれも本出願人による特許または特許出願に関する公報である。
また、本発明者らは、上記知見を得た後、さらに検討を重ねて本発明を完成させるに至った。
[1]第1の結晶軸と第2の結晶軸とを少なくとも含む結晶性酸化物半導体であって、第1の辺と、第1の辺よりも短い第2の辺とを少なくとも含み、第1の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数が、第2の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数よりも小さく、第1の辺方向が第1の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行であり、第2の辺方向が第2の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行であることを特徴とする結晶性酸化物半導体。
[2] ガリウムを含む金属酸化物を主成分とする前記[1]記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[3] コランダム構造を有する金属酸化物を主成分とする前記[1]または[2]に記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[4] 前記金属酸化物が少なくともガリウム、インジウム、ロジウムまたはイリジウムを含む前記[3]記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[5] 前記金属酸化物が、ガリウムと、インジウムまたは/およびアルミニウムとを含む前記[3]記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[6] 第1の辺および第2の辺が、いずれも直線で表される前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[7] 膜状である前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[8] コランダム構造を有しており、膜の主面が、a面、m面またはr面である前記[7]記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[9] コランダム構造を有しており、膜の主面がc面であり、さらに0.2°以上のオフ角を有する前記[7]記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
[10] 半導体層と電極とを少なくとも備える半導体装置であって、前記半導体層が、前記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の結晶性酸化物半導体を含む半導体装置。
[11] パワーデバイスである前記[10]記載の半導体装置。
[12] パワーモジュール、インバータまたはコンバータである前記[10]記載の半導体装置。
[13] パワーカードである前記[10]記載の半導体装置。
[14] さらに、冷却器および絶縁部材を含んでおり、前記半導体層の両側に前記冷却器がそれぞれ少なくとも前記絶縁部材を介して設けられている前記[13]記載の半導体装置。
[15] 前記半導体層の両側にそれぞれ放熱層が設けられており、放熱層の外側に少なくとも前記絶縁部材を介して前記冷却器がそれぞれ設けられている前記[14]記載の半導体装置。
[16] 半導体装置を備える半導体システムであって、前記半導体装置が、前記[10]~[15]のいずれかに記載の半導体装置である半導体システム。
すなわち、第1の結晶軸と第2の結晶軸とを少なくとも含む結晶基板を用いて、該結晶基板を、前記結晶性酸化物半導体において、第2の辺を第1の辺よりも短くし、第1の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数を第2の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数よりも小さく、第1の辺方向を第1の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行とし、第2の辺方向を第2の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行となるように、ミストCVD法またはミスト・エピタキシー法によりエピタキシャル結晶成長させることにより得ることができる。
前記結晶基板は、本発明の目的を阻害しない限り特に限定されず、公知の基板であってよい。絶縁体基板であってもよいし、導電性基板であってもよいし、半導体基板であってもよい。単結晶基板であってもよいし、多結晶基板であってもよい。前記結晶基板としては、例えば、コランダム構造を有する結晶物を主成分として含む基板が挙げられる。なお、前記「主成分」とは、基板中の組成比で、前記結晶物を50%以上含むものをいい、好ましくは70%以上含むものであり、より好ましくは90%以上含むものである。前記コランダム構造を有する結晶基板としては、例えば、サファイア基板、α型酸化ガリウム基板などが挙げられる。
なお、前記結晶基板の厚さは、特に限定されないが、通常、10μm~20mmであり、より好ましくは10~1000μmである。
また、本発明においては、ELOマスクを用いて、前記結晶性酸化物半導体において、第2の辺を第1の辺よりも短くし、第1の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数を第2の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数よりも小さく、第1の辺方向を第1の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行とし、第2の辺方向を第2の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行となりやすいように、結晶成長の方向等を制御してもよい。
前記結晶基板の好適な形状としては、例えば、三角形、四角形(例えば長方形若しくは台形等)、五角形若しくは六角形等の多角形状、U字形状、逆U字形状、L字形状またはコの字形状等が挙げられる。
原料溶液は、成膜原料として金属を含んでおり、霧化可能であれば特に限定されず、無機材料を含んでいてもよいし、有機材料を含んでいてもよい。前記金属は、金属単体であっても、金属化合物であってもよく、本発明の目的を阻害しない限り特に限定されないが、ガリウム(Ga)、イリジウム(Ir)、インジウム(In)、ロジウム(Rh)、アルミニウム(Al)、金(Au)、銀(Ag)、白金(Pt)、銅(Cu)、鉄(Fe)、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、パラジウム(Pd)、コバルト(Co)、ルテニウム(Ru)、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、タンタル(Ta)、亜鉛(Zn)、鉛(Pb)、レニウム(Re)、チタン(Ti)、スズ(Sn)、マグネシウム(Mg)、カルシウム(Ca)およびジルコニウム(Zr)から選ばれる1種または2種以上の金属などが挙げられるが、本発明においては、前記金属が、少なくとも周期律表第4周期~第6周期の1種または2種以上の金属を含むのが好ましく、少なくともガリウム、インジウム、ロジウムまたはイリジウムを含むのがより好ましい。また、本発明においては、前記金属が、ガリウムと、インジウムまたは/およびアルミニウムとを含むのも好ましい。このような好ましい金属を用いることにより、半導体装置等により好適に用いることができる前記結晶性酸化物半導体を成膜することができる。
前記霧化工程は、金属を含む原料溶液を調整し、前記原料溶液を霧化し、液滴を浮遊させ、霧化液滴を発生させる。前記金属の配合割合は、特に限定されないが、原料溶液全体に対して、0.0001mol/L~20mol/Lが好ましい。霧化手段は、前記原料溶液を霧化できさえすれば特に限定されず、公知の霧化手段であってよいが、本発明においては、超音波振動を用いる霧化手段であるのが好ましい。本発明で用いられるミストは、空中に浮遊するものであり、例えば、スプレーのように吹き付けるのではなく、初速度がゼロで、空間に浮かびガスとして搬送することが可能なミストであるのがより好ましい。ミストの液滴サイズは、特に限定されず、数mm程度の液滴であってもよいが、好ましくは50μm以下であり、より好ましくは1~10μmである。
前記搬送工程では、前記キャリアガスによって前記霧化液滴を前記基体へ搬送する。キャリアガスの種類としては、本発明の目的を阻害しない限り特に限定されず、例えば、酸素、オゾン、不活性ガス(例えば窒素やアルゴン等)、または還元ガス(水素ガスやフォーミングガス等)などが好適な例として挙げられる。また、キャリアガスの種類は1種類であってよいが、2種類以上であってもよく、キャリアガス濃度を変化させた希釈ガス(例えば10倍希釈ガス等)などを、第2のキャリアガスとしてさらに用いてもよい。また、キャリアガスの供給箇所も1箇所だけでなく、2箇所以上あってもよい。キャリアガスの流量は、特に限定されないが、1LPM以下が好ましく、0.1~1LPMがより好ましい。
成膜工程では、前記霧化液滴を反応させて、前記結晶基板上に成膜する。前記反応は、前記霧化液滴から膜が形成される反応であれば特に限定されないが、本発明においては、熱反応が好ましい。前記熱反応は、熱でもって前記霧化液滴が反応すればそれでよく、反応条件等も本発明の目的を阻害しない限り特に限定されない。本工程においては、前記熱反応を、通常、原料溶液の溶媒の蒸発温度以上の温度で行うが、高すぎない温度以下が好ましく、650℃以下がより好ましい。また、熱反応は、本発明の目的を阻害しない限り、真空下、非酸素雰囲気下、還元ガス雰囲気下および酸素雰囲気下のいずれの雰囲気下で行われてもよく、また、大気圧下、加圧下および減圧下のいずれの条件下で行われてもよいが、本発明においては、大気圧下で行われるのが蒸発温度の計算がより簡単になり、設備等も簡素化できる等の点で好ましい。また、膜厚は成膜時間を調整することにより、設定することができる。
図11は、本発明に係る高電子移動度トランジスタ(HEMT)の一例を示している。図11のHEMTは、バンドギャップの広いn型半導体層121a、バンドギャップの狭いn型半導体層121b、n+型半導体層121c、半絶縁体層124、緩衝層128、ゲート電極125a、ソース電極125bおよびドレイン電極125cを備えている。
本発明の半導体装置がMOSFETである場合の一例を図12に示す。図12のMOSFETは、トレンチ型のMOSFETであり、n-型半導体層131a、n+型半導体層131b及び131c、ゲート絶縁膜134、ゲート電極135a、ソース電極135bおよびドレイン電極135cを備えている。
図13は、n-型半導体層141a、第1のn+型半導体層141b、第2のn+型半導体層141c、ゲート電極145a、ソース電極145bおよびドレイン電極145cを備えている接合電界効果トランジスタ(JFET)の好適な一例を示す。
図14は、n型半導体層151、n-型半導体層151a、n+型半導体層151b、p型半導体層152、ゲート絶縁膜154、ゲート電極155a、エミッタ電極155bおよびコレクタ電極155cを備えている絶縁ゲート型バイポーラトランジスタ(IGBT)の好適な一例を示す。
本発明の半導体装置が発光ダイオード(LED)である場合の一例を図15に示す。図15の半導体発光素子は、第2の電極165b上にn型半導体層161を備えており、n型半導体層161上には、発光層163が積層されている。そして、発光層163上には、p型半導体層162が積層されている。p型半導体層162上には、発光層163が発生する光を透過する透光性電極167を備えており、透光性電極167上には、第1の電極165aが積層されている。なお、図15の半導体発光素子は、電極部分を除いて保護層で覆われていてもよい。
図20は、n-型半導体層131a、第1のn+型半導体層131b、第2のn+型半導体層131c、p型半導体層132、p+型半導体層132a、ゲート絶縁膜134、ゲート電極135a、ソース電極135bおよびドレイン電極135cを備えている金属酸化膜半導体電界効果トランジスタ(MOSFET)の好適な一例を示す。なお、p+型半導体層132aは、p型半導体層であってもよく、p型半導体層132と同じであってもよい。なお、p型半導体は、n型半導体と同じ材料であって、p型ドーパントを含むものであってもよいし、異なるp型半導体であってもよい。
1.成膜装置
本実施例では図1に示す成膜装置19を用いた。
臭化ガリウム(GaBr3)0.1Mの水溶液に、臭化水素酸(HBr)20体積%を加え、これを原料溶液とした。
上記2.で得られた原料溶液24aをミスト発生源24内に収容した。次に、基板20として、a軸方向を長辺方向とする長方形(1mm×2.25mm)のm面サファイア基板を用いて、ホットプレート28上に設置し、ホットプレート28を作動させて基板温度を550℃にまで昇温させた。次に、流量調節弁23a、23bを開いて、キャリアガス源であるキャリアガス供給手段22a、22bからキャリアガスを成膜室30内に供給し、成膜室30の雰囲気をキャリアガスで十分に置換した後、キャリアガスの流量を1L/分に調節した。キャリアガスとして窒素を用いた。
次に、超音波振動子26を2.4MHzで振動させ、その振動を、水25aを通じて原料溶液24aに伝播させることによって、原料溶液24aを霧化させてミスト(霧化液滴)24bを生成させた。このミスト24bが、キャリアガスによって、供給管27内を通って、成膜室30内に導入され、大気圧下、550℃にて、基板20上でミストが熱反応して、基板20上に成膜した。成膜時間は2時間であった。得られた膜は、X線回折装置を用いて同定したところ、α-Ga2O3単結晶膜であった。また、得られた膜を顕微鏡にてクラックの有無を観察した。顕微鏡像を図6に示す。図6からも明らかなように、クラックのない結晶品質に優れた結晶性酸化物半導体を得ることができた。
正方形(1.5mm×1.5mm)のm面サファイア基板を用いたこと以外、実施例1と同様にして結晶性酸化物半導体を得た。得られた結晶性酸化物半導体につき、実施例1と同様に顕微鏡にてクラックの有無を観察した。顕微鏡像を図7に示す。図7から明らかなように、クラックが所々に発生した。なお、クラック発生率を調べたところ、5.6%であった。
実施例品および比較例品の熱分散性につき、それぞれ半導体装置に用いた場合の熱分布のシミュレーションを実施した。実施例品の評価結果を図8に示し、比較例品の評価結果を図9に示す。図8および図9の熱的分布および熱の移動方向を示す矢印から明らかなように、本発明の結晶性酸化物半導体は、熱分散性に優れており、放熱性を必要とする半導体装置に有用であることがわかる。
2 バリア電極
3 半導体領域(半導体層)
4 オーミック電極
5 ガードリング
19 ミスト装置(成膜装置)
20 基板
21 サセプタ
22a キャリアガス供給手段
22b キャリアガス(希釈)供給手段
23a 流量調節弁
23b 流量調節弁
24 ミスト発生源
24a 原料溶液
25 容器
25a 水
26 超音波振動子
27 供給管
28 ヒーター
29 排気口
30 成膜室
101a n-型半導体層
101b n+型半導体層
102 p型半導体層
103 半絶縁体層
104 絶縁体層
105a ショットキー電極
105b オーミック電極
121a バンドギャップの広いn型半導体層
121b バンドギャップの狭いn型半導体層
121c n+型半導体層
123 p型半導体層
124 半絶縁体層
125a ゲート電極
125b ソース電極
125c ドレイン電極
128 緩衝層
131a n-型半導体層
131b 第1のn+型半導体層
131c 第2のn+型半導体層
132 p型半導体層
132a p+型半導体層
134 ゲート絶縁膜
135a ゲート電極
135b ソース電極
135c ドレイン電極
141a n-型半導体層
141b 第1のn+型半導体層
141c 第2のn+型半導体層
145a ゲート電極
145b ソース電極
145c ドレイン電極
151 n型半導体層
151a n-型半導体層
151b n+型半導体層
152 p型半導体層
154 ゲート絶縁膜
155a ゲート電極
155b エミッタ電極
155c コレクタ電極
161 n型半導体層
162 p型半導体層
163 発光層
165a 第1の電極
165b 第2の電極
167 透光性電極
169 基板
201 両面冷却型パワーカード
202 冷媒チューブ
203 スペーサ
208 絶縁板(絶縁スペーサ)
209 封止樹脂部
221 隔壁
222 流路
301a 半導体チップ
302b 金属伝熱板(突出端子部)
303 ヒートシンク及び電極
303b 金属伝熱板(突出端子部)
304 はんだ層
305 制御電極端子
308 ボンディングワイヤ
Claims (15)
- 第1の結晶軸と第2の結晶軸とを少なくとも含む結晶性酸化物半導体であって、
第1の辺と、第1の辺よりも短い第2の辺とを少なくとも含み、
第1の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数が、第2の結晶軸方向の線熱膨張係数よりも小さく、
第1の辺方向が第1の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行であり、
第2の辺方向が第2の結晶軸方向と平行または略平行であり、
コランダム構造を有する金属酸化物を主成分とすることを特徴とする結晶性酸化物半導体。 - ガリウムを含む金属酸化物を主成分とする請求項1記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 前記金属酸化物が少なくともインジウム、ロジウムまたはイリジウムを含む請求項2記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 前記金属酸化物が、インジウムまたは/およびアルミニウムとを含む請求項2記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 第1の辺および第2の辺が、いずれも直線で表される請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 膜状である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 膜の主面が、a面、m面またはr面である請求項6記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 膜の主面がc面であり、さらに0.2°以上のオフ角を有する請求項6記載の結晶性酸化物半導体。
- 半導体層と電極とを少なくとも備える半導体装置であって、前記半導体層が、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の結晶性酸化物半導体を含む半導体装置。
- パワーデバイスである請求項9記載の半導体装置。
- パワーモジュール、インバータまたはコンバータである請求項9記載の半導体装置。
- パワーカードである請求項9記載の半導体装置。
- さらに、冷却器および絶縁部材を含んでおり、前記半導体層の両側に前記冷却器がそれぞれ少なくとも前記絶縁部材を介して設けられている請求項12 記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体層の両側にそれぞれ放熱層が設けられており、放熱層の外側に少なくとも前記絶縁部材を介して前記冷却器がそれぞれ設けられている請求項13記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体装置を備える半導体システムであって、前記半導体装置が、請求項9~14のいずれかに記載の半導体装置である半導体システム。
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