JP7074334B2 - Mushroom cultivation method using ductile film - Google Patents

Description

The present invention utilizes a film body that does not require oxygen permeability but has extensibility and translucency, and promotes prevention of invasion of various germs, air supply, and normal primordium formation according to the growth stage of mushrooms. It is possible to provide an efficient and economical mushroom cultivation method.

Mushroom cultivation methods are roughly divided into a method of cultivating a medium in a bottle with a closed lid (bottle cultivation) and a method of cultivating the medium in a bag made of polyethylene or the like (bag cultivation). There is.
In bottle cultivation, bottles can be stacked on the shelves in the cultivation room or the height of the shelves can be shortened so that the density can be increased and stored efficiently. On the other hand, since it is closed with a hard cap, the uplift of the medium is crushed and the formation of the mushroom primordium is hindered, and when the cap is removed, the cap material and the mushroom adhere to each other, damaging the mushroom. Has a drawback in the generation of.
On the other hand, in bag cultivation, a space for promoting primordium formation and fruiting body growth can be provided in the upper part, which provides good generation conditions, but on the other hand, a space for generation is arranged in the upper part of the bag. However, it interferes with storage in the room and has drawbacks such as lack of storage density.

In addition, in both bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, a gap is formed between the bottle body and the lid body in order to take in the air required for the formation of the primordium and the growth of fruiting bodies, and the non-woven fabric is used. Although it is equipped with a ventilation filter made of a product, the amount of air supplied to the generation surface tends to be uneven, which is one of the causes of bias in the mushroom generation site.

Furthermore, although light irradiation is required to form the primordium of mushrooms, since a translucent material is generally used, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, and the primordium is formed. This causes a delay in the culture period and hinders the shortening of the culture period.

Patent Document 1 exists as a technique for producing a hyphal mass with respect to a mushroom cultivation medium. However, this relates to a method of inoculating a cultivation medium in which a hyphal mass is unlikely to be generated at the time of production or storage, and is different from the present invention in which the growth of the hyphal mass is not inhibited.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-280371

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by utilizing a film body that does not require oxygen permeability but has extensibility and translucency, it prevents the invasion of various germs according to the growth stage of mushrooms. Efficient and economical by ensuring high storage density and good mushroom generation conditions that can promote air supply and normal primordium formation, and efficiently utilize the cultivation room space. It provides a rich mushroom cultivation method.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for cultivating mushrooms using the extensible film according to claim 1 includes a container body having shape-retaining properties and having an opening on the upper surface so that a certain amount of medium can be filled. Using a cultivation container provided with a film body that does not require oxygen permeability to cover the upper surface of the container body but has extensibility and translucency, and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body, a). The mycelial bed forming step of forming a mycelial bed in which a space capable of storing 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ of air was formed between the container body and the filled medium after the sterilization treatment, and b) the said. After spraying the inoculum on the surface of the fungus bed, covering the container body with a film and fixing it in close contact with the fixing means, and c) spreading the hyphae inoculated in a translucent environment on the mycelium. In the first stage of hyphal culture in which multiple holes that promote the inflow of air are formed in the film body, and d) when the hyphal infestation initiates the formation of a progenitor and the formation of a mycelial mass raises the mycelial bed, the uplift is performed. The late step of mycelial culture, in which the extensible film body follows and promotes the formation of the hyphae without hindering the increase in the amount of the mycelium, and e) the state in which the film body is removed from the container body after the formation of the mycelium is completed. It is characterized by consisting of a fruiting body growth step that promotes the growth of the fruiting body and a collection step that collects the mature child body.

In the cultivation method according to claim 1, there is a risk that the growth of hyphae is inhibited if the invasion of various germs into the container is allowed in the early step of hyphal culture. In the present invention, the container body is made of a film. Since a means of covering with the body and firmly fixing the cells is adopted, it is possible to prevent the invasion of any germs and eliminate the harmful effects.
On the other hand, although germs can invade by coating this film body, in the present invention in which the material is formed of a film body that does not require oxygen permeability, if the container body is covered with this oxygen-impermeable ilme. Then, the inflow of air into the container is blocked, and if it is left as it is, there is a risk that the spread of hyphae may be hindered due to lack of oxygen. However, in the present invention, the mycelial bed formed in the container is placed between the container body and the filled medium after the sterilization treatment at 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ (space volume per medium volume). By forming a space in which the air can be stored, the minimum amount of oxygen necessary for the spread of hyphae for vegetative growth is supplied, and it is possible to promote the spread of hyphae without any trouble.
At this time, since the film body does not require oxygen permeability but can be a film body having malleability and translucency, a relatively inexpensive film body can be used, which is economically excellent. It becomes.

Then, when the formation of the primordium is started after the hyphal spread, more oxygen is required here under translucency, but as described above, the film body is made of a non-oxygen permeable material. If configured, there is a risk of oxygen deficiency.
However, when the epidemic of this mycelium progresses, a certain resistance to various germs develops in the mycelial bed, and resistance to various germs is provided. If a plurality of holes are formed in the film body covering the container after the hyphae have spread, it is possible to promote the inflow of the surrounding air into the container through the holes. Then, oxygen supply to the bacterial bed, which changed to reproductive growth with the start of primordium formation, started under sufficient light administration, and at the same time, even if there was a risk of invasion of germs due to air inflow, resistance to this. The fungus bed provided with is resistant to germs and can minimize the harmful effects of concern. As a result, the formation of the primordium toward the development of fruiting bodies can proceed smoothly.

When the formation of primordium is promoted without any trouble and the growth is continued, a mass of hyphae is formed on the surface of the mycelial bed, and the mycelial bed is often raised. In that case, the formation of the primordium may be hindered. However, since the upper surface of the container body is covered with a film body having malleability, the film body can be stretched following the uplift of the mycelium, suppressing the mycelial mass and hindering the increase in the amount of mycelium. It is possible to avoid the problem.

When the hyphae are sufficiently increased and the surface of the fungus bed is browned and the formation of the primordium is completed, the film body is removed from the container body and placed in the development chamber to promote the growth of fruiting bodies. be able to.

Primordium formation is promoted under a sufficient increase in mycelium, and fruiting bodies grown in an appropriate environment can secure an appropriate size and number, and excellent mushrooms can be collected. Can be obtained.

At that time, according to the cultivation container used in the present invention, it can be stacked on the shelves of the cultivation room or the height of the shelves can be shortened, and a large number of them can be installed in the cultivation room to increase the storage density. It can be increased, and both requirements of high storage density and ensuring good mushroom generation conditions can be achieved at the same time.

In the cultivation method according to claim 2, since an inoculation hole is formed in the fungus bed in the fungus bed forming step, a hole that becomes the inner part of the fungus bed when the inoculum is sprayed on the inoculum surface in the inoculum inoculation step. The inoculum can be spread to the vicinity of the bottom of the inoculum, and after the subsequent hyphal spread, primordium formation, fruiting body growth, etc., the entire fungal bed is uniformly utilized to make it efficient and short-term. It encourages cultivation.

In the cultivation method according to claim 3, by forming the fungus bed with wood chips of 12.5 to 800 mm ³ in the fungus bed forming step, an air storage space can be secured in the gap between the chips, and the fungus can be secured. The formation of the floor is simple and uniform.

In the cultivation method of claim 4, by making the film smooth and non-adhesive to mushrooms, the possibility of damaging mushrooms at the time of fruiting body growth or the like is eliminated.

In the cultivation method of claim 5, by arranging a lighting tool on the upper part of the container body, it is possible to promote the formation of a primordium under sufficient light irradiation.

It is a perspective view which shows the cultivation container of this invention. It is a chart diagram which shows the flow of each process of this invention. It is a schematic sectional view of each process of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state of cultivating using the cultivation container of this invention, and shows the case where (A) is stacked, and (B) is placed on a shelf. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of this invention. It is a photograph figure which looked at the inoculation hole from the plane. It is a photograph figure at the stage when the fruiting body has matured. In a schematic perspective view showing a conventional cultivation container, (a) shows a case of bottle cultivation and (b) shows a case of bag cultivation.

Mushrooms applicable to the present invention include mushrooms that can be cultivated in containers such as shiitake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, beech mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, and king trumpet mushrooms.
As the medium constituting the fungus bed 3, broad-leaved ogako, corn hump, cotton dregs, coniferous trees and the like can be applied.

As shown in FIG. 1, as the cultivation container 1 of the present invention, a container body 2 having a shape-retaining property and capable of being filled with a certain amount of a medium is used.
The shape-retaining property means to exclude a bag body that may be deformed, and as shown in FIG. 4, refers to a material having hardness that can be stacked when a leg 2a is attached, for example, a plastic such as polypropylene. Can be mentioned.
This container 1 functions as a cultivation container, and can be filled with the above-mentioned constant volume of medium, and has an opening at the top so as to be necessary for inoculation, hyphal spread, primordium formation, etc., which will be described later. do.

Next, in the present invention, the upper part of the container body 2 is covered with a film body 4 which does not require oxygen permeability but has malleability and translucency.
Here, the film body that does not require oxygen permeability means that even a film generally referred to as non-breathable can be used without intentionally requiring the property of having oxygen permeability. .. In essence, it means that a non-breathable, relatively inexpensive film can be used.
Further, the malleability refers to the ability to follow and stretch the uplift 3a of the mycelial bed 3 due to the generation of hyphal mass described later. The ridge 3a is sometimes about 1.5 cm, but is usually less than 1.0 cm, and is assumed to have malleability that can follow this range.
Translucency refers to the ability to collect light necessary for the spread of hyphae and the formation of primordium from natural light or a luminaire 6 or the like as described above.
Examples of the film body 4 which does not require oxygen permeability but has malleability and translucency include a vinyl chloride film and a polyethylene film.
For example, Hitachi Wrap (Hitachi Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name) can be used, and the film has a thickness of about 8 μm, an elongation rate of about 200% in the MD direction (film pull-out direction), and a TD direction (film) in a tensile test. Approximately 300% is shown in the width direction of. It is a transparent wrap film with a heat resistance of 130 ° C. based on the measurement method (Quality Labeling Implementation Guidelines of the Tokyo Metropolitan Consumer Affairs Ordinance) and a light transmittance of 98% or more.

Then, the film body 4 is provided with a fixing means 5 for fixing the film body 4 to the container body 2. Specifically, first, when the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 is formed on a smooth surface and the film body is brought into close contact with the outer edge portion, the film body 4 is fixed to the container body 2 by the vacuum adhesion action. There is a way to do it. Secondly, there is a means of covering the upper edge of the container body 2 with the film body 4 and binding the film body 4 with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string or the like. Thirdly, there can be an instrument or the like that can tighten the vicinity of the upper edge portion via the spring body.
In any case, when the film body 4 is subjected to the uplifting action due to the hyphal mass described later, it is sufficient that the film body 4 does not come off from the container body 2 and has a stickiness to maintain its adhesion.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the cultivation container 1 is used to perform a mycelial bed forming step, an inoculum inoculation step, a mycelial culture early step, a mycelial culture late step, a fruiting body growth step, and a collection step. It shall be.

There are two methods for filling the container body 2 with the sterilized medium, one of which is steam sterilization of the entire medium. The second method is to fill the container body 2 with a medium, attach the film body 4 to the edge once, and then sterilize the container body 2. Specifically, the edge of the container body 2 filled with the medium is covered with the film body 4, and steam sterilization is performed at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
Which is better is determined individually, but when the scale is relatively large, the former is suitable, and when the scale is small, the latter is suitable.

In the step of filling the sterilized medium to form the bacterial bed 3, 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ (space volume per medium volume) between the container body 2 and the filled medium. ) Shall form a culture medium 3 that forms a space in which the air can be stored.
The reason for setting this 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ (space volume per medium volume) is as follows.
First, when the total volume of the holes is (A), the volume of the upper space between the medium and the film is (B), the volume of the container body is (C), and the volume of the medium is (D), respectively. The following conditions were set for.
(A) Condition: When setting the minimum value, if 35 holes having a size diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 3 cm are drilled, the total volume (A) becomes 515 ml, and 0.5 cm between the medium and the film body. When the space is maintained, the upper space volume (B) becomes 1350 ml, and when the size of the container body is 60 cm in length, 45 cm in width, and 5 cm in height (inner dimension 4 cm), the volume (C) becomes 10800 cm ³ . The medium volume (D) is a value obtained by subtracting the sum of the total amount of holes and the upper space from the container volume, and is (D) = (C)-(A + B) = 10800- (515 + 1350) = 8935 cm ³ .
Based on the above (A), (B), (C), and (D), the ratio of the storage space volume to the container volume is the total space volume / container volume. When this value is calculated, the total amount of space / container volume = (A + B) / D = (515 + 1350) ml / 8935 cm ³ = 0.208 ml / cm ³ ≈ 0.2 ml / cm ³ .
Therefore, the storage space volume per medium volume in this case is 0.2 ml / cm ³ .
(B) Condition: Next, in setting the maximum value, when 35 holes having a size diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 1.64 cm are drilled, the total volume (A) becomes 281.6 ml, and the medium and the film body are used. If an interval of 1.9 cm is maintained between them, the upper space volume (B) becomes 5130 ml, and when the size of the container is 60 cm in length, 45 cm in width and 5 cm in height (inner dimension 4 cm), the volume (C) is 10800 cm. It becomes ³ . The medium volume (D) = (C)-(A + B) = 10800- (281.6 + 5130) = 5388.4 cm ³ .
When the ratio of the storage space volume to the container volume is calculated based on (A), (B), (C), and (D), the total space volume / container volume = (A + B) / D = (281.6 + 5130). ml / 5388.4 cm ³ = 1.004 ml / cm ³ ≈ 1.0 ml / cm ³ .
Therefore, the storage space volume per medium volume in this case is 1.0 ml / cm ³ .

In addition to the above conditions (a) and (b), as a comparison target section, 0.1 ml / cm ³ is set only in the upper space without forming a hole (condition c), and conversely, the hole and the upper space are made larger. Four conditions were set, that is, 10.0 ml / cm ³ (condition d).
Developmental tests of shiitake fruiting bodies were conducted for these four types.
Cultivation conditions: The subject was shiitake mushrooms, and 10 wt% of fusuma was added and mixed as a nutrient to the broad-leaved ogako, and water was added to adjust the water content to 62 wt%. A box-shaped polypropylene container body having a size of 650 × 450 × 40 mm (inner size) was filled with a medium, steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, and after cooling the medium, the inoculum was sprayed and covered with Hitachi wrap. The culture temperature was 20 ° C., the humidity was RH 80 to 90%, the culture period was 60 days, the lighting was indoors during work, 200 to 300 Lux near the surface of the medium, and 0.5 to 4 hours / day. On the 20th day, 100 holes having a diameter of about 1 mm were made in the film. In the germination treatment, the film was moved to a generation chamber having a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of RH 80 to 90%, the film was removed, and water immersion was performed for 24 hours, and the plants were harvested on the 10th day after the germination treatment.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Based on the above table, in the space formation of 0.1 ml / cm ³ under the condition (c), the number of shiitake fruiting bodies generated is 1.1 per 1 kg of medium and the weight is 39.6 g, which is extremely low. It became the number. Further, in the space formation of 10.0 ml / cm ³ under the condition (d), the number of shiitake fruiting bodies generated is 1.5 per 1 kg of medium and the weight is 37.2 g, which is a low number again. I showed that.
On the other hand, under the condition (a) of 0.2 ml / cm ³ , the number of shitakeko bodies generated was 7.5 per 1 kg of medium and the weight was 219.1 g, which was a large number and weight. Similarly, even under the condition (b) of 1.0 ml / cm ³ , the number of sardine bodies generated was 13.4 per kg of medium and the weight was 209.2 g, which was a large number and weight, both of which were high. And good results in weight were obtained.
From these, it was demonstrated that good growth of shiitake fruiting bodies can be obtained in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ (space volume per medium volume).
As a result, the space volume per medium volume in the present invention is 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³
It is set as.

To infer the reason for this result, first, under the condition (c) of less than 0.2 ml / cm ³ , it is expected that sufficient oxygen for the hyphal spread will not be obtained and the growth will be poor to some extent. The result was that the growth was not satisfactory even under the condition (d) of 1.0 ml / cm ³ or more.
This is because there is a stage in the growth stage of mushrooms that switches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and if excess oxygen is present at this stage, it is expected that proper stimulation will not be given to the switch, leading to poor growth. To.
On the other hand, under the conditions (a) and (b) in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ , an appropriate amount of oxygen is supplied from the air storage space formed in the fungal bed, and the hyphae are supplied. It is considered that the nutrients necessary for the spread are provided and the switch from nutritional growth to reproductive growth is smoothly performed, and the subsequent formation of primordium and hyphal mass uplift are smoothly performed, leading to good mushroom growth. .. At the same time, the formation of this storage space may form two layers with different characteristics, the inner medium that retains relatively water and the outer medium that has been reduced in water by transpiration, with the medium and space as the boundary. It is presumed that one of the factors is that the difference in the concentration of water is a stimulus for the above switching.

Specific means for forming the storage space include the following inoculation hole type, tip gap type, upper space type, small container type and the like.
<Inoculation hole type>
The inoculation hole type is as shown in FIG. 1, and when an inoculum is to be inoculated, the inoculum tries to form a depression that reaches a certain depth toward the bottom of the inoculum, and the inoculation is here. Let's store air for storage in the space, and use one in which each process such as hyphal spread and primordium formation from inoculation of inoculum to maturation of fruiting body is uniform and efficient for the fungus bed 3. Is to be. FIG. 8 shows a photographic view seen from a plane.
For example, when a hole 3a (or depression) having a diameter of 2 to 5 cm and a depth of 2.29 cm to 5.73 cm is used for an area of 1 cm ² on the upper surface of the fungus bed, for example, a hole 3a (dent) having a diameter of 2.0 cm is used. A plurality of holes are bored at a ratio of about 1 in 40 cm ² .

<Chip gap type>
As shown in FIG. 6, the chip gap type refers to a type in which chip-shaped wood or the like is used as a medium, and since it is a chip-shaped type, voids are generated when they are filled, and the size thereof is the thickness. When specified by × length × width, a minimum of 0.5 × 5 × 5 mm = 12.5 mm ³ and a maximum of 2 × 20 × 20 mm ³ = 800 mm ³ are suitable, and as a result, 12.5 to Chips with a volume of 800 mm ³ are within the applicable range.
For example, a large wood chip having a thickness of 0.5 m to 2 mm and a side length of about 5 to 20 mm is mainly blended in a place where a normal small sardine powder is about 0.5 to 2 mm square. More preferably, the amount of water added (water content of the medium) is reduced to lower the filling pressure of the bacterial bed 3, and the base material is, for example, cedar, corn cob, etc., which has a small specific gravity and a large gas phase. At that time, the blending ratio of wood chips should be 50% or more of the fungal bed volume.

<Upper space type>
The upper space type with the lid refers to the space formed by the lid covering the container body 2 and the upper part of the medium as shown in FIG. 5, and 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ (0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3) in this region. It means to form a storage space (space volume per medium volume).
For example, a container body having a length of 60 cm, a width of 45 cm, and a height of 5 cm (inner dimension 4 cm) is filled with a medium to a thickness (depth) of 2.5 cm, and the upper end opening of the container body is covered with a film body. .. At this time, the distance between the medium and the film body is 1.5 cm, and a storage space of 0.6 ml / cm ³ is formed.

<Small container type>
The small container type is as shown in FIG. 7, in which a container having a small volume is prepared for the container body 2 having a relatively large volume, and a container filled with a medium is laid in the container body 2. A container that forms a storage space between the container body and the small container.
For example, a paper container made of a material having oxygen permeability or a container made of a plastic material having small holes on the side surface is used, and a medium is filled therein. The small containers are arranged side by side in a container body having a larger volume, and the opening of the container body is covered with the film body 4 to make a closed state.
The size of the container body 2 is 60 x 45 x 5 (inner size 4) cm (10800 cm ³ ), the size of the small container is a cylinder with a diameter of 7.0 cm and a height of 3.5 cm, and 48 small containers are laid. Then, a storage space of (10800-6462) cm 3/6462 cm ³ = 0.67 ml / cm ^{3 (} per medium volume) is formed between the container body 2 and the small container.

After the fungus bed 3 satisfying the above requirements is formed on the container main body 2, an inoculation step of inoculating the inoculum of the mushroom to be cultivated on the surface of the fungus bed is performed.
When the film body 4 is covered in the above-mentioned fungus bed forming step, the film body 4 is removed and inoculated.
The inoculation is the same as the inoculation of a normal inoculation, and the inoculation of fine particles is made into a suspension with water and sprayed onto the inoculation (see FIG. 3 (b)).
Then, the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and closely fixed by the fixing means 5 (see FIG. 3C).
As described above, the fixing means 5 forms the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 on a smooth surface, or binds the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string, or the like, and the film body 4 is raised by a hyphal mass described later. When the action is applied, the film body 4 does not come off from the container body 2 and maintains its adhesion.
The sticking of the film body 4 is for preventing contamination due to the invasion of germs into the storage space formed between the container body 2 and the film body 4.
That is, in the early stage of hyphal culture, if the invasion of various germs is allowed, there is a risk that contamination will occur and the growth of hyphae will be inhibited.
Therefore, in the present invention, a means is adopted in which the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and closely fixed, so that the invasion of any germs is not allowed. All the gaps are closed, and the invasion of any minute germs can be prevented, and the harmful effects can be eliminated.

Covering the container body 2 with the film body 4 and firmly fixing the container body 2 prevents the decrease in water content due to the steam that has conventionally dissipated from the surface of the mycelial bed, retains the water content contained in the mycelial bed 3, and spreads the hyphae. Helps to secure the necessary moisture. If necessary, it is also possible to include the necessary water in the fungus bed 3 before sealing.

After the inoculation is completed, the hyphae inoculated in a translucent environment spread to the mycelial bed 3 with the lapse of a certain culture period, but the hyphae spread almost to the end and the next primordium is formed. During this period, a pre-hyphal culture step of inoculating a plurality of holes 4a in the film body 4 is carried out (see FIG. 3D).
That is, first, oxygen is originally required for the spread of the hyphae, but in the present invention, as described above, the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and firmly fixed in order to prevent the invasion of various germs. If the material is coated with a film body 4 that does not require oxygen permeability, the inflow of air into the container is blocked, so that oxygen is insufficient and the spread of hyphae is inhibited as it is. There is a risk.
However, in the present invention, a mycelial bed 3 having a space capable of storing 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³ of air is provided between the container body 2 and the filled medium after the sterilization treatment. Therefore, the hyphae in the process of spreading absorb oxygen from the storage space S, and supply more oxygen than necessary for the spread of hyphae for vegetative growth, so that the hyphae can spread without any trouble. Become.

By the way, in the early step of hyphal culture when the hyphae have reached the stage where the spread of the hyphae is nearing the end and the primordium is formed, the film body 4 is subjected to a treatment of piercing a plurality of holes 4a.
That is, as described above, in the process of spreading hyphae, there is usually a concern about the invasion of various germs into the fungal bed 3, but in the cultivation container 1 of the present invention, the film body 4 is hermetically sealed to the container body 2. Since the fixing means 5 for fixing to is provided, the invasion of various germs is prevented, and the hyphal elongation due to the contamination with various germs is not hindered.
By the way, when the hyphal spread process progresses without a hitch and the formation of the primordium is about to begin, the mycelial bed 3 develops resistance to various germs as the hyphal spread progresses, and some germs invade. A certain degree of resistance is formed against. On the other hand, when the hyphal epidemic ends and primordium formation begins, the growth stage switches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which requires a relatively large amount of oxygen.
Therefore, in the present invention, a process of forming a plurality of holes 4a in the film body 4 is performed aiming at this time.
In this sense, the early step of hyphal culture in which the pores 4a should be formed in the film 4 includes the initial stage in which the formation of the primordium is started. The timing of more detailed drilling will differ depending on the mushroom variety, but it is generally optimal between 14 to 40 days from the start of culture, and practically 20 to 30 days.
To drill a plurality of holes 4a in the film body 4 means to drill holes 4a having a diameter of about 0.5 to 2.0 mm in the film body 4 covering the container body 2 at intervals of ² to 7 holes / 100 cm. Say that. The means may be physical means such as laser light (LB) or a perforation needle.
Air flows in from around the perforated hole 4a, and the posture for supplying sufficient oxygen required for primordium formation is established.

Now, when the formation of the primordium is started, in addition to the above oxygen supply, irradiation with light is required for the formation of the primordium.
The reason is that in primordium formation, mushroom growth is the time when vegetative growth is switched to reproductive growth, and the presence of this light stimulates and triggers the switching of growth stages. ..
However, since a translucent material is generally used in the past, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, which causes a delay in the formation of the primordium and hinders the shortening of the culture period.
On the other hand, the film body 4 of the present invention is a transparent body and has excellent translucency, and can meet the above-mentioned demand for light irradiation.

In response to this demand for light irradiation, natural light may be used as the light source, but artificial lighting is provided as necessary.
When natural light is used, a gap through which natural light can shine is secured in the upper part of the container body 2, and in the case of artificial lighting, a lighting tool 6 such as an LED is arranged in the upper part.

As the formation of the primordium progresses, a phenomenon in which the fungal bed 3 rises 3a may be observed on the surface of the container as shown in FIG. 3 (e).
The reason is inferred as follows.
When the hyphae spread over the entire mycelium 3, the hyphae form a film for primordium formation, increase the amount of mycelium inside the mycelium 3, and enhance the nutrient accumulation from the upper part of the mycelium 3. May form mycelial mass. That is, the space required to secure the amount of mycelium forming the primordium cannot be secured only in the mycelial bed 3, and the formed mycelial mass expands the mycelial bed 3 and causes the mycelial bed surface to rise 3a. it is conceivable that.
Therefore, suppressing the formation of this mycelial mass inhibits the increase in the amount of mycelium, which results in hindering the proper formation of the primordium.
On the other hand, the film body 4 of the present invention exhibits excellent malleability as described above.
Therefore, when the mycelial bed 3 is raised 3a due to the formation of a mycelial mass, the ductile film body 4 follows the raised 3a and promotes proper primordium formation without interfering with the increase in the amount of mycelium. Will be.
For example, when a polyvinyl chloride film is used, sufficient malleability can be obtained.

When the formation of the primordium is completed, such as when almost the entire surface of the fungus bed begins to turn brown, the process proceeds to the growth step of promoting the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body 4 removed from the container body 2 (FIG. 3 (f)). reference).
As the primordium formation approaches the final stage, a change is seen in which almost the entire surface of the fungus bed turns brown, which is also evidence that the primordium formation is almost completed. In addition, the formation of the primordium is almost completed, and the fruiting body is seen in the early stage of fruiting body development.
Therefore, the time near the end of the formation of the primordium or the occurrence of fruiting bodies is regarded as the completion of the formation of the primordium, and at this time, the fixing means 5 is released and the film body 4 is removed from the container body 2. Remove and move to a generation chamber at about 15 ° C to promote the growth of fruiting bodies.
Here, removing the film body 4 from the container body 2 means removing the state in which the film body 4 seals the container, and also means that the film body 4 is cut to expose the fungus bed 3. be.
When the film body 4 is removed, if the film body 4 and the mushrooms adhere to each other, the mushroom generation is damaged. However, if the surface of the film body of the present invention is made flat, the mushrooms do not adhere to each other.
This step is basically the same environment as normal fruiting body growth, but the fruiting body grows after the increase in mycelium mass is not hindered and sufficient primordium formation is promoted, which is appropriate. The growth of many fruiting bodies has been confirmed in.

When the fruiting body matures, it is collected and used as a mushroom product (see FIG. 3 (g)).

As described above, according to the present invention, depending on the cultivation container 1 used, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the self-supporting legs 2a are arranged at an appropriate length on the bottom of the container, the container body 2 is overlapped. It can be stacked, and as shown in FIG. 4B, the height of the shelf can be shortened even when it is stacked on the shelf. Therefore, a larger number of cultivation containers 1 can be installed in the cultivation room, and the cultivation containers 1 can be efficiently stored in the room and the storage density can be increased.
At the same time, as described above, when the mycelium 3 rises, the film body 4 having high malleability can be stretched following the uplift 3a of the mycelium 3, and the mycelium mass is suppressed and the mycelium body. It is possible to overcome the developmental drawback of inhibiting the increase in quantity.
Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the requirements of high storage density and ensuring good mushroom generation conditions.

In addition, it is possible to homogenize the mushroom generation site from the securing of sufficient oxygen supply and the uniformity of the fungus bed without bias, and sufficient light is administered due to the translucency, so that the proper primordium is used. As mentioned above, the formation can be promoted and the cultivation period can be shortened.

<Example>
The subject was shiitake mushrooms, and as a suitable fungus bed 3, 10 wt% of fusuma as a nutrient was added to and mixed with broad-leaved ogako as a nutrient, and water was added to adjust the water content to 62 wt%.
Inoculation holes having a diameter of 20 to 30 mm were punched close to the bottom of the fungus bed to 10 mm in a box-shaped polypropylene container body 2 having a diameter of 600 × 450 × 50 mm, and 35 of them were bored.
It was covered with an 8 μm-thick polyvinyl chloride film (trademark: Hitachi Wrap) and tied with a rubber cord. This was steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
After cooling, the film body 4 was once removed, inoculated with shiitake mushroom inoculum, and the film body 4 was bound again.
This was cultured for 60 days in a room controlled at 20 ° C. and RH 60-80%. As for the lighting, the indoor lighting was turned on during the work, and irradiation was performed at 200 to 300 lux near the surface of the fungus bed for 0.5 to 4 hours a day.
On the 20th day, 100 holes 4a were drilled in the film body 4 with a sewing needle.

The uplift 3a of the fungal bed 3 started from the 30th day and reached a height of about 10 mm, but the coated film body 4 subsequently stretched, and then the browning of the fungal bed surface started from the 45th day. , Further primordium formation progressed.
The cultured fungal bed 3 was transferred to a development chamber controlled at 15 ° C. and RH 80 to 90%, the film body 4 was removed, and the cells were flooded for 24 hours. Then, on the 10th day, mushrooms (shiitake mushrooms) were obtained (see FIG. 9).

At this time, the raw weight of mushrooms only for the first outbreak was 20% to 25% per unit bed weight, and the cultivation period including the culture period and the outbreak period was 70 days.
In the case of a commonly used 3 kg fungal bed, the raw weight of mushrooms that can be harvested during the 220-day cultivation period, which is the sum of the 100-day culture period and the 120-day development period, is 700 to 1000 g, which is 23% of the fungal bed weight. ~ 30%.
Comparing this wrap-based cultivation with the existing 3 kg bag cultivation, mushrooms with the same raw weight when compared per unit fungus bed weight are cultivated, and 30% or less of the wrap-based cultivation is cultivated compared to the existing bag cultivation. It will be obtained in the period.

There was no harmful bacterial contamination at the time of completion of the culture, and the bacterial barrier property as a filter of the film body 4 was confirmed.
By forming the inoculation hole, the amount of aeration increased, the medium partially decayed and matured, and the water balance became appropriate.

1 ・ ・ Cultivation container 2 ・ ・ Container body 2a ・ ・ Leg 3 ・ ・ Bacterial bed 3a ・ ・ Inoculation hole 3b ・ ・ Uplift 4 ・ ・ Film body 4a ・ ・ Hole 5 ・ ・ Fixing means 6 ・ ・ Lighting equipment

Claims (5)

It has a container body that has shape retention and can be filled with a certain amount of medium by arranging an opening on the upper surface, and has extensibility and translucency that does not require oxygen permeability to cover the upper surface of the container body. Using a cultivation container provided with a film body and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body,
a) Between the main body of the container and the filled medium after sterilization treatment, 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm ³
The fungal bed formation process that formed the fungal bed that formed the space where the air can be stored,
b) An inoculum inoculation step in which the inoculum is sprayed on the surface of the inoculum and the container body is covered with a film and fixed in close contact with a fixing means.
c) After spreading the inoculated hyphae in a translucent environment on the mycelial bed, the process of the first stage of mycelial culture in which a plurality of holes for promoting the inflow of air are formed in the film body, and
d) When the formation of primordium is initiated by the spread of mycelia and the medium is uplifted by the formation of mycelial mass, the extensible film body follows the uplift and forms the primordium without interfering with the increase in the amount of mycelium. The late process of mycelial culture that promotes
e) After the formation of the primordium is completed, the fruiting body growth process that promotes the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body removed from the container body,
f) Collection process for collecting mature fruiting bodies,
A method of cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film, which is characterized by being composed of. The method for cultivating mushrooms using a ductile film according to claim 1, wherein an inoculation hole is formed in the fungus bed in the fungus bed forming step.
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a ductile film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the fungal bed forming step, the fungal bed is formed of wood chips of 12.5 to 800 mm ³ .
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the film body is made smooth without adhesion to mushrooms.
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a ductile film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a lighting device is arranged on the upper part of the container body.

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