JP6643033B2 - Railroad crossing machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a level crossing circuit breaker.

  FIG. 5 shows an example of a control block of the conventional level crossing circuit breaker 100. Note that the arrows shown in FIG. 5 indicate the flow of signals during the raising and lowering operation of the blocking rod. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a conventional level crossing circuit breaker 100 includes a motor 300 that moves a breaking rod (not shown) up and down and a breaking rod at a predetermined rising position (vertical state) or a predetermined lowering position (horizontal state). A configuration including a brake 500 for holding, a motor driver 600 for controlling driving of the motor 300 (three-phase driving power), and a circuit breaker circuit 700 for performing a control input for raising or lowering the breaking rod. Is done.

  The motor 300 is provided with a rotation detection sensor 400 such as a Hall element, a rotary encoder, and a resolver. The sensor 400 detects rotation of an output shaft (motor output shaft) of the motor 300. The detection signal of the sensor 400 is output to the rotation angle detection unit 605 of the motor driver 600, and is used for driving control of the motor 300.

  The brake 500 is energized (ON) by the circuit breaker circuit 700 when the breaking rod stops, and brakes the rotation of the motor output shaft. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the brake 500 is set to a cut-off state (OFF) and the brake is released during the lifting and lowering operation of the cut-off rod.

  The motor driver 600 includes a motor driving unit 601 that drives the motor 300, a motor control unit 603 that controls the motor driving unit 601, and a rotation angle that detects a rotation angle of a motor output shaft based on a detection signal input from the sensor 400. A detection unit 605. The motor control unit 603 receives the ascending command or the descending command from the circuit breaker circuit 700, drives the motor 300 in the ascending or descending direction of the breaking rod, and moves the breaking rod up and down. At this time, the motor drive unit 601 is controlled using the rotation angle (including the number of rotations) of the motor output shaft which is detected by the rotation angle detection unit 605 as needed. When the motor 300 reaches the ascending reference position, or when the descent operation is being performed, it detects that the breaking rod has reached the predetermined descent reference position, and stops driving of the motor 300 by the motor driver 601.

JP 2012-201270 A

  As illustrated in FIG. 5, in the conventional level crossing circuit breaker 100, a rotation detection sensor 400 is provided for driving control of the motor, and the rotation angle (including the number of rotations) of the motor output shaft is detected.

  The present invention eliminates the need for a dedicated device for rotation detection for motor drive control, such as a rotation angle detection sensor, and obtains a signal corresponding to the rotation angle of the motor output shaft in some way to perform drive control of the motor. It was devised for the purpose of realizing technology.

A first invention for solving the above problems is
A deceleration mechanism (for example, the motor output shaft 331, the cut-off rod shaft 11, and the rotation transmission mechanism 20 in FIG. 1) including a plurality of shafts having a motor output shaft as a high-speed shaft and a cut-off rod shaft as a low-speed shaft; ,
A brushless motor (e.g., the brushless motor 30 in FIG. 1) that rotates the motor output shaft to move the breaking rod up and down,
When the drive of the brushless motor is stopped and the cut-off rod is located at a predetermined raised position or a predetermined lowered position, the brushless motor is activated to operate the motor output shaft or another high-speed shaft (hereinafter collectively referred to as “braking high-speed shaft”). A non-contact type electromagnetic brake (for example, the electromagnetic brake 50 of FIG. 1) for braking the rotation of
A motor drive control unit that controls the drive of the brushless motor to move the breaking rod up and down, using a periodic change in an excitation voltage generated in the electromagnetic brake by rotation of the braking high-speed shaft during the up and down operation. A motor drive control unit (for example, the motor driver 60 in FIG. 1) for controlling the drive of the brushless motor;
It is a level crossing machine equipped with.

  According to the first aspect, at the time of the elevating operation of the cut-off rod, the brushless motor is driven and the motor output shaft rotates. On the other hand, when stopping the elevating operation, the non-contact type electromagnetic brake is operated, and the rotation of the motor output shaft or the high-speed shaft for braking, which is another high-speed shaft transmitting the rotation of the motor output shaft to the cut-off rod shaft, is braked. . In the level crossing circuit breaker having such a configuration, during the elevating operation, the excitation voltage is generated in the electromagnetic brake by the rotation of the braking high-speed shaft, and the excitation voltage changes periodically. Therefore, the drive of the brushless motor can be controlled by using the excitation voltage signal of the electromagnetic brake as a signal corresponding to the rotation of the motor output shaft. There is no need for a device for detecting the rotation of the motor output shaft, such as a conventional level crossing circuit breaker.

The second invention is
The electromagnetic brake is a rotating electric machine that non-contactly brakes a rotor provided with a plurality of permanent magnets that rotate with the high-speed shaft for braking, when a plurality of electromagnet coils are energized,
The motor drive control unit uses the relationship between the configuration of the poles, phases, and slots of the brushless motor and the configuration of the poles, phases, and slots of the electromagnetic brake to calculate a periodic change in the excitation voltage generated in the electromagnetic brake. Detecting the control rotation angle of the brushless motor and controlling the driving of the brushless motor,
1 is a crossing breaker according to the first invention.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the brushless motor is used to determine the brushless motor from the periodic change of the excitation voltage generated in the electromagnetic brake by using the relationship between the pole / phase / slot configuration of the brushless motor and the pole / phase / slot configuration of the electromagnetic brake. The control rotation angle of the motor can be detected.

The third invention is
The motor output shaft and the braking high-speed shaft are coaxial,
The brushless motor has three phases,
The electromagnetic brake is two-phase,
It is a level crossing circuit breaker of the first or second invention.

  According to the third aspect, the high-speed braking shaft can be used as the motor output shaft, the brushless motor can have three phases, and the electromagnetic brake can have two phases.

The figure which shows the control block example of a railroad crossing breaker. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a brushless motor. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of an electromagnetic brake. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a signal processing process of a brake excitation waveform conversion unit. The figure which shows the control block example of the conventional level crossing circuit breaker.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described below, and the form to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to the following embodiments. In the description of the drawings, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control block of the level crossing circuit breaker 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 1A illustrates a signal flow when the breaking rod 10 moves up and down, and FIG. 1B illustrates a signal flow when the breaking rod 10 is stopped. Are indicated by arrows. FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of the brushless motor 30 of the railroad crossing breaker 1, and FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the electromagnetic brake 50.

  The crossing breaker 1 according to the present embodiment is operated by inputting a three-phase brushless motor 30 that rotates the motor output shaft 331 to move the breaking rod 10 up and down, and a DC braking operation signal, and operates the breaking rod. A non-contact type electromagnetic brake 50 for holding the motor 10 at a predetermined raising position (vertical state) or a predetermined lowering position (horizontal state), and a motor driver 60 as a motor driving control unit for controlling driving of the brushless motor 30 And a circuit breaker circuit 70 for performing a control input for raising or lowering the breaking rod 10.

  The rotation of the motor output shaft 331 is transmitted to the support shaft (cutoff rod shaft) 11 of the cutoff rod 10 via the rotation transmission mechanism 20. Specifically, the rotation transmission mechanism 20 constitutes a reduction mechanism having a plurality of gears and the like, and includes at least a motor output shaft 331 that is a high-speed shaft and a cut-off rod shaft 11 that is a low-speed shaft. Then, the rotation speed of the motor output shaft 331 is reduced and transmitted by the speed reduction mechanism, and the cut-off rod shaft 11 is rotated. As a result, the cut-off rod 10 descends or rises according to the rotation direction of the brushless motor 30.

  In addition, one of the high-speed shafts included in the speed reduction mechanism of the rotation transmission mechanism 20 is an axis to be braked by the electromagnetic brake 50 (high-speed braking axis). When the electromagnetic high-speed shaft is braked by the electromagnetic brake 50, the rotation transmission of the transmission mechanism is stopped, so that the rotation of the motor output shaft 331 and the rotation of the cut-off rod shaft 11 by the brushless motor 30 are also locked, which is a locked state. . Here, the high-speed shaft refers to a shaft that rotates at a high speed with respect to the rotation of the cut-off rod shaft 11. In this embodiment, the high-speed braking shaft of the electromagnetic brake 50 and the motor output shaft 331 are coaxial. That is, the high-speed braking shaft is the motor output shaft 331. The braking high-speed shaft may be a high-speed shaft, and may be a high-speed shaft different from the motor output shaft 331.

  The brushless motor 30 is a three-phase drive motor having, for example, an inner rotor structure, and an example of the structure is schematically shown in FIG. The rotor 33 includes four-pole permanent magnets 333 in which N-pole permanent magnets and S-pole permanent magnets are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of a motor output shaft 331 that is a rotating shaft. Rotate as center. On the other hand, three slots are defined in the stator 31 at equal angular intervals of 120 °, and three-phase (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) coils 311, 313, which are arranged in each slot. 315 is provided. The coils 311, 313 and 315 of each phase are mutually connected at a neutral point.

  The electromagnetic brake 50 is a rotary electric machine similar in structure to the brushless motor 30, and an example of the structure is schematically shown in FIG. In the electromagnetic brake 50, the rotor 53 is integrally formed with a rotation shaft 531 coaxial with the motor output shaft 331, and a four-pole permanent magnet 533 is configured to rotate with the rotation shaft 531. On the other hand, the stator 51 is provided with coils (electromagnet coils) 511 and 513 disposed in two phases of three-phase (U-phase, V-phase and W-phase) slots, and the coils 511 and 513 are connected in series. It is composed.

  When the electromagnetic brake 50 is operated, the coils 511 and 513 are energized by the input of the brake operation signal (DC) from the circuit breaker circuit 70, so that a braking force is generated between the stator 51 and the rotor 53, The rotation of the motor output shaft 331 is braked in a non-contact manner (FIG. 1B). On the other hand, when the electromagnetic brake 50 is released (OFF), the rotor 53 rotates with the rotation of the motor output shaft 331, so that an excitation voltage is generated in the electromagnetic brake 50. That is, the excitation voltage signal of the electromagnetic brake 50 can be said to be a signal corresponding to the rotation of the motor output shaft 331. However, since the generated excitation voltage itself is an AC signal having a large amplitude, in the present embodiment, the signal is subjected to various signal processing and then used for drive control of the brushless motor 30. First, the generated excitation voltage signal (AC) is output to the step-down circuit unit 651 of the brake excitation waveform conversion unit 65 included in the motor driver 60, as shown in FIG.

  The configuration of the poles, phases, and slots of the brushless motor 30 is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG. Similarly, the electromagnetic brake 50 is not limited to the pole / phase / slot configuration illustrated in FIG. Both the brushless motor 30 and the electromagnetic brake 50 may be configured by appropriately selecting the number of poles, the number of phases, and the number of slots.

  The motor driver 60 includes a motor driving unit 61 that drives the brushless motor 30, a motor control unit 63 that controls the motor driving unit 61, and a brake that detects a change period of the excitation voltage waveform generated in the electromagnetic brake 50 during the elevating operation. An excitation waveform conversion unit 65 and a rotation angle detection unit 67 that detects the rotation angle (control rotation angle, including the number of rotations) of the brushless motor 30 based on the change cycle of the excitation voltage waveform.

  The motor control section 63 drives the brushless motor 30 in the ascending direction or the descending direction of the breaking rod 10 in response to the ascending command or the descending command from the breaking circuit 70, and moves the breaking rod 10 up and down. At that time, the motor control unit 63 controls the driving of the brushless motor 30 using the control rotation angle of the brushless motor 30 which is detected by the rotation angle detection unit 67 as needed. Then, when the raising operation is performed, it is detected that the breaking rod 10 has reached the raising reference position, and when the lowering operation is being performed, it is detected that the breaking rod 10 has reached the lowering reference position, and the drive of the brushless motor 30 is stopped. For example, the motor control unit 63 controls the rotation speed of the brushless motor 30 using the detected control rotation angle. In addition, using the control rotation angle, the number of rotations of the brushless motor 30 from the start of the elevating operation is counted or the like, and it is detected that the brushless motor 30 has reached the ascending reference position / descending reference position. Since the number of rotations of the brushless motor 30 from the start of the ascent / descent operation to the reaching of the ascent / descent reference position is known, it can be set in advance.

  The brake excitation waveform converter 65 includes a step-down circuit 651, a rectifier circuit 653, and a voltage detector 655. The step-down circuit unit 651 steps down the excitation voltage signal input from the electromagnetic brake 50 during the raising / lowering operation of the cut-off rod 10 and outputs the voltage to the rectifier circuit unit 653. The rectification circuit unit 653 performs full-wave rectification on the input voltage signal from the step-down circuit unit 651 and outputs the signal to the voltage detection unit 655. The voltage detection unit 655 converts the input voltage signal from the rectification circuit unit 653 into a binary logic signal at a predetermined threshold Dth (see FIG. 4B), and outputs the binary logic signal to the rotation angle detection unit 67.

  FIG. 4A shows a schematic example of the excitation voltage waveform. Also, the excitation voltage signal having the excitation voltage waveform shown in (a) is stepped down by the step-down circuit unit 651 and the voltage waveform rectified by the rectification circuit unit 653 is changed to (b), and the logical signal obtained by converting the voltage waveform by the voltage detection unit 655 is obtained. It is shown in (c).

  Since the rotor 53 of the electromagnetic brake 50 rotates with the rotation of the motor output shaft 331, the excitation voltage generated when the electromagnetic brake 50 is released (OFF) and the motor output shaft 331 starts to rotate is represented by FIG. As shown in a), it changes periodically according to the rotation of the electromagnetic brake 50. In the present embodiment, since the permanent magnet 533 of the rotor 53 has four poles and the stator 51 has two phases and two slots, the rotating shaft 531 (in this embodiment, one cycle of change of the excitation voltage waveform). This indicates that the motor output shaft 331) has rotated half a turn. Therefore, the excitation voltage waveform is stepped down and rectified as shown in FIG. 4 (b) and converted into a logical signal as shown in FIG. Thus, the rotation angle of the rotation shaft 531, that is, the rotation angle of the motor output shaft 331 can be known.

  In addition, if the degree of change of the waveform in FIG. 4 is supplementarily described, immediately after the raising / lowering operation of the cut-off rod 10 is started, since the brushless motor 30 has just started rotating, the excitation voltage waveform changes slowly. Since the rotation speed immediately becomes the steady rotation speed, the excitation voltage waveform appears as a waveform having a constant period.

  In addition, the motor output shaft 331 (and the rotating shaft 531 that is a braking target shaft) is a high-speed shaft, and has a sufficiently high rotation ratio (for example, 10 times or more) as compared with the cut-off rod shaft 11 that is a low-speed shaft. Therefore, even if an error occurs in the rotation angle of the motor output shaft 331 determined from the change period of the excitation voltage waveform, the vertical position of the cut-off rod 10 does not significantly shift, and there is no problem in control.

  The configuration of the poles, phases, and slots differs between the brushless motor 30 and the electromagnetic brake 50. Therefore, the rotation angle detecting section 67 determines the change period of the excitation voltage waveform of the brushless motor 30 using the relationship between the pole / phase / slot configuration of the brushless motor 30 and the pole / phase / slot configuration of the electromagnetic brake 50. The rotation is converted into a change cycle corresponding to the configuration of the pole / phase / slot, and the rotation angle of the brushless motor 30 is detected as a control rotation angle.

  Next, the operation of the level crossing circuit breaker 1 will be described. When a notification that the train has approached the railroad crossing at the installation location is received from the outside at the level crossing circuit breaker 1, a power supply unit (not shown) is controlled by the power supply unit (not shown) under the control of the circuit breaker circuit 70, as shown in FIG. The power is supplied to start (ON) the motor driver 60 and output a lowering command for instructing the lowering operation of the breaking rod 10. Further, the electromagnetic brake 50 is released (OFF). Then, in the motor driver 60, the motor control unit 63 drives the brushless motor 30 in the descending direction of the cut-off rod 10 in response to the descending command, and causes the cut-off rod 10 to move downward.

  During the descending operation, the brake excitation waveform converter 65 detects a change period of the excitation voltage waveform generated in the electromagnetic brake 50 as needed. Then, the rotation angle detection section 67 detects the control rotation angle of the brushless motor 30 from the change period of the excitation voltage waveform as needed. The motor control unit 63 controls the driving of the motor driving unit 61 using the control rotation angle, and detects that the breaking rod 10 has reached the lower reference position, and drives the brushless motor 30 by the motor driving unit 61. To stop. Thereafter, the circuit 70 stops the supply of the motor power to the motor driver 60, and operates the electromagnetic brake 50 to hold the breaking rod 10 at the lowered position.

  Subsequently, upon receiving a notification that the train has passed the railroad crossing, as shown in FIG. 1A, the circuit breaker circuit 70 supplies the motor power again to start the motor driver 60, and the circuit breaker rod is turned on. An ascending command for instructing the ascending operation of 10 is output, and the electromagnetic brake 50 is released (OFF). Then, in the motor driver 60, the motor control unit 63 drives the brushless motor 30 in the rising direction of the breaking rod 10 in response to the rising command, and moves the breaking rod 10 up.

  During the ascending operation, the brake excitation waveform conversion unit 65 detects a change period of the excitation voltage waveform generated in the electromagnetic brake 50 as needed, and the rotation angle detection unit 67 determines the control rotation angle of the brushless motor 30 from the change period of the excitation voltage waveform. Is detected at any time. Then, the motor control unit 63 controls the driving of the motor driving unit 61 using the control rotation angle, and detects that the cutoff rod 10 has reached the ascending reference position, and controls the brushless motor 30 by the motor driving unit 61. Stop driving. Thereafter, the circuit 70 stops the supply of the motor power to the motor driver 60 and activates the electromagnetic brake 50 to hold the breaking rod 10 at the raised position.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the control rotation angle of the brushless motor 30 can be detected using the change period of the excitation voltage waveform generated in the electromagnetic brake 50 during the elevating operation of the blocking rod 10. . The drive control of the brushless motor 30 is performed using the control rotation angle. Therefore, a device for detecting the rotation of the motor output shaft, such as a conventional level crossing circuit breaker, becomes unnecessary.

  When detecting the control rotation angle, the change period of the excitation voltage waveform is determined using the relationship between the pole / phase / slot configuration of the brushless motor 30 and the pole / phase / slot configuration of the electromagnetic brake 50. It can be converted into a change cycle according to the configuration of the 30 poles / phases / slots. Therefore, even when the number of poles, the number of phases, and the number of slots are different between the brushless motor 30 and the electromagnetic brake 50, the drive angle of the brushless motor 30 can be controlled by appropriately detecting the control rotation angle.

Although an example of the embodiment to which the present invention is applied has been described, the form to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
For example, the braking target axis of the electromagnetic brake 50 need not be the motor output shaft 331 as long as it is a high-speed axis.

  In addition, the configuration of the poles, phases, and slots of the brushless motor 30 and the electromagnetic brake 50 in the above-described embodiment is an example, and other configurations may be used. In any case, if the relationship between the configuration of the poles / phases / slots of the brushless motor 30 and the configuration of the poles / phases / slots of the electromagnetic brake 50 is known, the periodic variation of the excitation voltage waveform is determined using the relationship. Can be used to detect the control rotation angle.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crossing-off circuit breaker 10 Breaking rod 11 Breaking rod axis 20 Rotation transmission mechanism 30 Brushless motor 31 Stator 311, 313, 315 Coil 33 Rotor 331 Motor output shaft 333 Permanent magnet 50 Electromagnetic brake 51 Stator 511, 513 Coil 53 Rotor Reference Signs List 60 motor driver 61 motor drive unit 63 motor control unit 65 brake excitation waveform conversion unit 651 step-down circuit unit 653 rectifier circuit unit 655 voltage detection unit 67 rotation angle detection unit 70 breaker circuit

Claims (3)

A reduction mechanism comprising a plurality of rotation transmitting mechanisms for reducing the rotation speed of the motor output shaft and rotating the cut-off rod shaft of the cut-off rod , including the motor output shaft rotating at a higher speed than the cut-off rod shaft. A speed reduction mechanism having a plurality of high-speed axes ;
A brushless motor that rotates the motor output shaft to raise and lower the breaking rod,
When the drive of the brushless motor is stopped and the breaking rod is positioned at a predetermined raised position or a predetermined lowered position, the brushless motor is activated to operate the motor output shaft or a high-speed shaft other than the motor output shaft (hereinafter collectively referred to as “braking”). Non-contact type electromagnetic brake that brakes the rotation of
A motor drive control unit that controls the drive of the brushless motor to move the breaking rod up and down, using a periodic change in an excitation voltage generated in the electromagnetic brake by rotation of the braking high-speed shaft during the up and down operation. A motor drive control unit that controls the drive of the brushless motor;
Level crossing machine with. The electromagnetic brake is a rotating electric machine that non-contactly brakes a rotor provided with a plurality of permanent magnets that rotate with the high-speed shaft for braking, when a plurality of electromagnet coils are energized,
The motor drive control unit uses the relationship between the configuration of the poles, phases, and slots of the brushless motor and the configuration of the poles, phases, and slots of the electromagnetic brake to calculate a periodic change in the excitation voltage generated in the electromagnetic brake. Detecting the control rotation angle of the brushless motor and controlling the driving of the brushless motor,
The level crossing circuit breaker according to claim 1. The motor output shaft and the braking high-speed shaft are coaxial,
The brushless motor has three phases,
The electromagnetic brake is two-phase,
The level crossing circuit breaker according to claim 1.

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