JP6622742B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a pulverizer that includes a rotating tooth and a fixed tooth that have a disk-like tooth surface and pulverizes solid particles, and is capable of processing a processed object having adhesion by pulverization without problems. It relates to a pulverizer that makes it possible.

  Patent Document 1 describes an example of a pulverizer that pulverizes a processed product of solid particles between tooth surfaces of a rotating tooth and a fixed tooth. The pulverizer includes a cylindrical container, a rotating shaft provided through one end side wall of the container, a rotating tooth attached to the rotating shaft, a fixed tooth provided on the other end side wall of the container, and a center of the fixed tooth. The product supply port provided via the section and the product discharge port provided on the peripheral wall of the container are provided. Both the rotating tooth and the fixed tooth have a tooth surface with a recessed central portion.

The processed product is supplied from a supply port provided in the other end side wall of the container, and is introduced between the tooth surfaces of the fixed tooth and the rotating tooth through the central portion of the fixed tooth. And it will grind | pulverize by receiving the grinding | pulverization effect by a compressive force and a shear force between tooth surfaces.
The processed product that has undergone the pulverization process passes between the tooth surfaces by the centrifugal force of the rotating teeth, and is discharged from the discharge port provided in the peripheral wall of the container.

  This type of pulverizer has been widely used for crushing cereals and beans, but recently, it is also used for pulverizing waste rubber materials, wood, plastics and the like. In other words, it is also suitable for pulverization of elastic materials and materials with high toughness.

  In these grinding processes, the rotating teeth are rotated at a high speed. For example, the rotation speed is about 10,000 times per minute. When the processed material is hard particles even after pulverization, it passes between the tooth surfaces at high speed, collides with the inner surface of the peripheral wall, and flows toward the discharge port so as to slide along the peripheral wall surface. Depending on the situation, it may not be easy to process.

For example, when the processed material is plastic, the temperature may rise and melt by receiving a compressive force or a shearing force, and the pulverization process becomes impossible. In this case, it is necessary to use a pulverizer equipped with cooling means.
In addition, when the processed product is a plant such as cereal, it may become particles having strong adhesion due to the oil or sugar contained therein. In this case, if the first particles collide and adhere to the inner surface of the peripheral wall, the next particles are likely to adhere on the adhered particles. Sometimes.

Patent Document 2 describes another pulverizer including rotating teeth and fixed teeth. The rotating tooth and the fixed tooth are positioned with their tooth surfaces facing each other. The rotating tooth has a planar tooth surface, and the fixed tooth has a tooth surface with a recessed central portion.
Patent Document 3 describes another pulverizer having rotating teeth and fixed teeth. The rotating tooth and the fixed tooth are positioned with their tooth surfaces facing each other, but the fixed tooth has a tooth surface with a protruding central portion, and the rotating tooth has a tooth surface with a recessed central portion.

JP 2003-80092 A WO2004 / 078354 JP-A-8-207045

  An object of the present invention is a pulverizer equipped with rotating teeth and fixed teeth that are positioned with their tooth faces facing each other in a cylindrical container, and is capable of processing a treated product having adhesion by pulverization without problems. It is to provide a pulverizer capable of performing the above.

  The present invention is a pulverizer for pulverizing a workpiece between tooth surfaces of a rotating tooth and a fixed tooth, a cylindrical container, a rotating shaft provided through one end side wall of the container, and the rotating shaft The rotating tooth attached to the container, the fixed tooth provided on the other side wall of the container, the supply port of the processed material provided through the central portion of the fixed tooth, and the treatment provided on the peripheral wall of the container. An inner surface of the container is formed in a sloped shape inclined with respect to the rotation axis, and the processed material discharged from between the tooth surfaces comes into contact with the sloped surface. It is said.

The slope preferably has an inclination angle of 45 ° or more.
Moreover, the peak part which protrudes along the circumferential direction can be formed in the said surrounding wall inner surface, and the said slope can be formed in the both sides of the said peak part.
The surface roughness of the slope is preferably an arithmetic average roughness of 6.3 μm or less.
And it is preferable that the said surrounding wall inner surface is formed using the fluororesin.
Moreover, it is preferable that both the fixed tooth and the rotating tooth have a tooth surface having a recessed central portion.

The crusher of this invention can relieve | impact the impact force at the time of the crushing processed material colliding by providing a slope in a surrounding wall inner surface, and can make it contact softly. The processed material flows down the slope and slides in the circumferential direction depending on the momentum of itself and the momentum of the accompanying airflow.
For this reason, even if it is a processed material with strong adhesiveness, it does not adhere to the slope and can move in the rotational direction of the rotating teeth.
Therefore, the processed material flows along the inner surface of the peripheral wall without being deposited on the inner surface of the peripheral wall, and is discharged from the discharge port.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the grinder of this invention. It is an AA arrow schematic sectional drawing in FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example of the grinder of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the adhesion phenomenon in the conventional grinder. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the processed material and wall surface in this invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a pulverizer according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
Since the crusher 10 is similar to a centrifugal pump and a centrifugal blower in its appearance and the like, these will be described first.

The centrifugal pump and the centrifugal blower are provided with a container (casing) having a substantially cylindrical shape. And the rotating shaft is provided through the one end side wall of the container, and a rotary blade or the like is attached to the tip.
The other end side wall of the container is provided with a fluid supply port, and the peripheral wall is provided with a fluid discharge port. The fluid introduced into the container from the supply port is discharged from the discharge port after being pressurized by the rotor blades. The fluid is supplied continuously or intermittently.

In the pulverizer 10, a rotating shaft 30 that passes through one end side wall 21 of the container 20 is provided in a cylindrical container 20, and rotating teeth 50 are attached to the rotating shaft 30.
The other end side wall 22 of the container 20 is closed by a lid member 29 having fixed teeth 60, and a processed product supply port 71 is provided via a central portion of the lid member 29.
Further, the peripheral wall 23 of the container 20 is provided with a discharge port 72 for processed material.

A bearing portion 31 including a bearing 32 is provided on one end side wall 21 of the container 20 in order to support the rotating shaft 30. In addition, the bearing portion 31 is provided with a seal member (not shown) in order to partition the inside of the container 20 and the bearing 32.
The rotating tooth 50 attached to the rotating shaft 30 is constituted by a rotating side holding member 51 and a rotating side tooth member 52, and the rotating side holding member 51 is fixed to the rotating shaft 30 by a presser bolt 33. The rotation-side tooth member 52 is positioned with its tooth surface facing the fixed tooth 60.

The other end side wall 22 of the container 20 is closed by a removable lid member 29, and fixed teeth 60 are attached to the lid member 29. The fixed tooth 60 includes a fixed side holding member 61 and a fixed side tooth member 62. The fixed-side tooth member 62 is positioned with its tooth surface facing the rotating tooth 50.
The supply port 71 is formed so as to penetrate the lid member 29, the fixed side holding member 61, and the fixed side tooth member 62, and a supply pipe 91 can be connected to the lid member 29.

In the pulverizer 10, the rotating teeth 50 and the fixed teeth 60 are positioned with their tooth surfaces facing each other. Moreover, both are provided with the tooth surface which dented the center part.
The processed material from the supply port 71 is introduced between the tooth surfaces of the rotating tooth 50 and the fixed tooth 60, and after being subjected to a pulverizing process between the tooth surfaces, the centrifugal force of the rotating tooth 50 causes the container from the periphery between the tooth surfaces. It will flow vigorously toward the inner surface of the 20 peripheral walls 23.
The processed material is supplied continuously or intermittently.

1 and 2, the crusher 10 shows a case where the rotary shaft 30 is horizontal, but the rotary shaft 30 may be vertical and the supply port 71 may be positioned at the top.
Moreover, about both tooth surfaces, it is also possible to form one tooth surface in a plane as described in Patent Document 2, and as described in Patent Document 3, one tooth surface is used. It is also possible to form by protruding the central part.

A feature of the present invention is that the inner surface of the peripheral wall 23 of the container 20, that is, the peripheral wall inner surface 23 a is provided with an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the rotation shaft 30. The processed material released from between the tooth surfaces can move toward the discharge port 72 so as to slide without being attached to the wall surface by contacting the inclined surface.
The effects of the present invention will be described in detail later, and here, two examples are shown in FIGS. A pulverizer 10 and a pulverizer 11.

The peripheral wall inner surface 23a of the crusher 10 shown in FIG. 1 is inclined so that the diameter increases from the position between the tooth surfaces of the rotating tooth 50 and the fixed tooth 60 toward the rotating tooth 50 side. That is, the peripheral wall inner surface 23 a includes a slope that is inclined with respect to the rotation shaft 30.
The treated material released from between the tooth surfaces may flow down the slope and slide in the circumferential direction due to the momentum of the treatment itself and the accompanying momentum of the airflow in order to softly contact the slope at a relatively early time. it can.
In addition, the inclined surface inclined with respect to the rotating shaft 30 can be inclined so that the diameter increases from the position between the tooth surfaces toward the fixed tooth 60, contrary to the pulverizer 10.

A crest 80 is formed along the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall inner surface 23 a of the pulverizer 11 shown in FIG. 3, and slopes are formed on both sides of the crest 80. That is, a slope inclined so as to increase in diameter toward the rotating tooth 50 and a slope inclined so as to increase in diameter toward the fixed tooth 60 are formed. That is, the peripheral wall inner surface 23 a includes two inclined surfaces that are inclined with respect to the rotation shaft 30.
The processed material released from between the tooth surfaces flows down the slope and in the circumferential direction depending on the momentum of the processed material and the accompanying airflow in order to softly contact the two slopes at a relatively early time. Can do.

In any case, it is preferable that the peripheral wall inner surface 23a is excellent in slidability with respect to the processed object.
For this reason, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the peripheral wall inner surface 23a including the slope is 6.3 μm or less in terms of arithmetic average roughness. As a specific material, it is preferable to form a resin material such as a fluororesin by molding or coating with another material.

Regarding the operation and effect of the present invention, first, an adhesion phenomenon in a conventional pulverizer will be described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows a conventional peripheral wall inner surface 23 b having a simple shape. That is, the peripheral wall inner surface 23 b is a curved surface parallel to the rotation shaft 30.
Here, when the pulverized processed material has adhesion, the particles P of the processed material released from between the tooth surfaces collide with the peripheral wall inner surface 23b by its own momentum.

  When the particles P are released from between the tooth surfaces, the particles P are released along with the surrounding gas (for example, air). The momentum of the gas is smaller than the momentum of the particles P, and between the tooth surfaces. The momentum is gradually lost by coming out of the narrow space of the tooth to the wide space outside the tooth surface. For this reason, the behavior of the particle P is determined by its own momentum and adhesion.

That is, the emitted particles P collide with the inner circumferential surface 23b having a curved surface parallel to the rotation axis 30 at a certain angle. Therefore, when the adhesion is low, the outer circumferential surface inner surface 23b is moved by its own momentum. Although it is possible to slide, if adhesion becomes strong, it will become impossible to slide on the inner surface 23b of a surrounding wall, and it will adhere.
When one particle P adheres to the peripheral wall inner surface 23b, the next particle P easily adheres to the adhered particle P, and the adhesion continues one after another, so that the processed products are stacked.
Finally, it becomes impossible to drive.

Therefore, the range in which the particles P first adhere to the peripheral wall inner surface 23b was actually measured from observation at the initial stage of pulverization as the width X shown in FIG.
As a result, X was about 1/3 W with respect to the distance W between both side surfaces of the container. Further, when the angle α was measured, it was found to be about 20 °.

Furthermore, as a result of intensive studies on adhesion prevention, it has been found that it is effective to receive the processed particles P on the slope, and the present invention has been achieved. This will be described with reference to FIG.
The particles P of the processed material released from between the tooth surfaces can be moved so as to slide on the slope without being attached to the slope by making soft contact with the slope formed on the inner surface 23a of the peripheral wall.

That is, the present invention is characterized in that the peripheral wall inner surface 23a is provided with an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the rotating shaft 30, and the range in which the inclined surface is formed is preferably a range including X shown in FIG.
The range of X is a range of 1/3 W with respect to the distance between the tooth surfaces with respect to the distance W between both side surfaces of the container 20. Alternatively, in the peripheral wall inner surface 23a, when the angle α from the tooth surface is considered, α is within a range of 20 ° or less.

  The inclination angle θ of the slope is 30 ° or more at which the effect of preventing adhesion is generated, preferably 45 ° or more, and more preferably 60 ° or more. This is because when the inclination angle θ is small, the particles are easily attached, and the kinetic energy of the particles P is lost due to the collision, so that the slip after the collision is difficult to occur.

The distance Y between the tooth surfaces to the colliding slope is preferably short, and is 50 mm or less, preferably 30 mm or less, and more preferably 10 mm or less in the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft 30.
This is because as the distance Y becomes longer, the momentum of the particle P itself is lost and the kinetic energy for sliding on the slope is lost. Moreover, it is because the kinetic energy of the accompanying airflow is also lost when the distance Y becomes long.
When the pulverizer 10 and the pulverizer 11 are compared, the pulverizer 11 is superior in that the inclination angle θ can be increased at a short distance Y.

In the pulverizer 10 or the like of the present invention, the peripheral wall inner surface 23a is provided with a slope, so that the kinetic energy of the gas released along with the kinetic energy of the particles P can be used effectively. That is, since the distance between the slope and the side wall becomes shorter toward the outside in the container 20, kinetic energy is not lost even at the outermost part of the flow path, and the particles P are continuously pushed toward the discharge port 72. It is.
For this reason, the processed material flows along the inner surface of the peripheral wall without being deposited on the inner surface 23a of the peripheral wall, and is surely discharged.

  In many cases, the degree of adhesion of the processed material can be determined by measuring a dynamic friction coefficient. For example, a sample obtained by grinding a processed material is attached to a predetermined surface contactor by a predetermined method, a predetermined vertical load is applied, a predetermined distance is reciprocated in a predetermined cycle, and a dynamic friction coefficient is measured. it can. Thus, the correlation between the dynamic friction coefficient and the adhesion can be known and determined.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not depart from the gist of the present invention are not limited thereto. include.
For example, the rotating tooth 50 and the fixed tooth 60 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 both have a tooth surface with a recessed central part, but as described in Patent Document 2, It is also possible to form the tooth surface of the tooth surface flat, and as described in Patent Document 3, it is also possible to form the tooth surface by projecting the central portion of one tooth surface.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Crusher 20: Container 21: One end side wall 22: Other end side wall 23: Perimeter wall 23a Perimeter wall inner surface 30: Rotating shaft 50: Rotating tooth 60: Fixed tooth 71: Supply port 72: Discharge port 80: Mountain part

Claims (5)

A crusher for crushing a processed material between tooth surfaces of a rotating tooth and a fixed tooth,
A cylindrical container;
A rotating shaft provided through one end side wall of the container;
The rotating teeth attached to the rotating shaft;
The fixed teeth provided on the other side wall of the container;
A supply port of a processed material provided via a central portion of the fixed tooth;
An outlet for the processed material provided on the peripheral wall of the container;
A crest projecting along the circumferential direction is formed on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the container, and both sides of the crest are formed in a slope shape inclined with respect to the rotation axis, and the teeth are formed by centrifugal force of the rotation teeth. The pulverizer characterized in that the processed material discharged from between the surfaces toward the inner surface of the peripheral wall contacts the slope before losing its own momentum .   The pulverizer according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface has an inclination angle of 45 ° or more. The pulverizer according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the surface roughness of the slope is an arithmetic average roughness of 6.3 µm or less. The pulverizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the inner surface of the peripheral wall is formed using a fluororesin. The pulverizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein each of the fixed teeth and the rotating teeth includes a tooth surface having a recessed central portion.