JP6485046B2 - DC motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a DC motor.

  Patent Document 1 below discloses a DC motor. The stator of the DC motor described in this document includes a housing and a ring-shaped magnet fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing. The N-pole and S-pole are alternately magnetized along the circumferential direction of the ring-shaped magnet. The N-pole magnetic pole centers and the S-pole magnetic pole centers are arranged at irregular intervals along the circumferential direction. Further, in the DC motor described in this document, the pair of brushes are arranged so as to be shifted from the magnetization center of the magnetic pole (that is, the magnetic pole center). As a result, the current ripple (torque ripple) is increased, and the rotational speed of the DC motor can be detected from the current waveform.

Japanese Patent No. 5026949

  By the way, the ring-shaped magnet described in Patent Document 1 is configured by magnetizing the N pole and the S pole by a magnetic field generator. However, when the N pole and the S pole are magnetized by the magnetic field generator, the positions of the N pole magnetic pole center and the S pole magnetic pole center are likely to vary. That is, the N-pole magnetic pole center and the S-pole magnetic pole center are likely to deviate from a predetermined position.

  Furthermore, in the DC motor described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to shift the pair of brushes from the magnetization center of the magnetic poles. There is a possibility that it is not shifted from the center.

  In view of the above fact, the present invention has a first object to obtain a DC motor capable of adjusting current ripple, and obtains a DC motor capable of easily adjusting the position of the magnetic pole center of each part of the stator. This is the second purpose.

The DC motor according to claim 1 is a rotating shaft supported rotatably about an axis, an armature core fixed to the rotating shaft and wound with a conductive winding, and the winding of the winding By having a rotor having a commutator to which a terminal portion is connected, and a plurality of segment magnets fixed along the inner peripheral surface of the yoke housing covering the armature core and arranged along the circumferential direction A stator in which the number of magnetic poles is 2 × M (M = 2, 3, 4,...), And the armature core is 2 × M × (n + 1) around which the winding is wound. .5) (n = 1, 2, 3,...) Teeth portion and the same number of slots as the teeth portions, and a pair of magnetic poles as a reference magnetic pole and a pair of other magnetic poles The magnetic pole is a general magnetic pole, and the distance between one reference magnetic pole and the other reference magnetic pole is second in the circumferential direction. The bisector to be used as a reference virtual line and a bisector that bisects one general magnetic pole and another general magnetic pole in the circumferential direction is a general virtual line, and the reference virtual line and the The angle formed with the general virtual line is set to 360 ° / M, and the angle formed between the magnetic pole center of the reference magnetic pole and the reference virtual line is the angle formed between the magnetic pole center of the general magnetic pole and the general virtual line. And a pair of brushes that energize the windings by sliding contact with the commutator are disposed at the same position in the circumferential direction as the magnetic pole centers of the pair of reference magnetic poles.

  According to the DC motor of the first aspect, the brush is slidably contacted with the commutator, and energization of the winding wound around the armature core is switched. As a result, a magnetic field is generated around the armature core, and the rotor rotates due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the magnetic field of the segment magnet. That is, the rotating shaft of the DC motor rotates. Here, in the present invention, the contact between the brush and the commutator is switched by making the angle formed between the magnetic pole center of the reference magnetic pole and the reference virtual line different from the angle formed between the magnetic pole center of the general magnetic pole and the general virtual line. Current ripple can be adjusted to a desired value.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the direct current motor according to the first aspect, the stator includes the M N-pole segment magnets and the M S-pole segment magnets.

  According to the DC motor of the second aspect, the N-pole segment magnet and the S-pole segment magnet and the S-pole constituting the general magnetic pole are formed by the angles formed by the N-pole segment magnet and the S-pole segment magnet constituting the reference magnetic pole and the reference virtual line. By making the angle different between the segment magnet and the general imaginary line, the current ripple when the contact between the brush and the commutator is switched can be adjusted to a desired value.

  The DC motor according to claim 3 is the DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the stator includes a single N-pole segment magnet and a single S-pole segment magnet, and an N-pole and an S-pole. And the magnetized two-pole magnetized segment magnet.

  According to the DC motor of the third aspect, since the stator is configured to include the segment magnets that are two-pole magnetized, an increase in the number of parts constituting the stator can be suppressed.

  The direct current motor according to claim 4 is the direct current motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the general magnetic pole disposed on one side in the circumferential direction with respect to the general virtual line and the general virtual The angle formed by the line and the angle formed by the general magnetic line disposed on the other circumferential side with respect to the general virtual line and the general virtual line are set to the same angle.

  According to the DC motor of the fourth aspect, the current ripple having the same value can be obtained both in the case where the rotating shaft rotates in one side in the circumferential direction and in the case where the rotating shaft rotates in the other side in the circumferential direction.

It is a sectional side view which shows the cross section which cut | disconnected the DC motor of this embodiment along the axial direction. It is an expanded sectional view which expands and shows the cross section of the DC motor cut | disconnected along 2-2 line shown by FIG. It is an expanded sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 which shows the cross section of the direct-current motor which concerns on contrast. It is a graph which shows the current waveform of the direct-current motor of this embodiment, and the direct-current motor which is proportional to. It is an expanded sectional view corresponding to Drawing 2 showing the direct-current motor of other embodiments.

  A DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, the arrow Z direction, the arrow R direction, and the arrow C direction that are appropriately shown in the drawing indicate the axial direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction of the DC motor, respectively. In the following description, when only the axial direction, radial direction, and circumferential direction are indicated, the axial direction, radial direction, and circumferential direction of the DC motor are indicated unless otherwise specified.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the DC motor 10 includes a rotor 12, a brush device 14, and a stator 16.

  The rotor 12 includes a rotating shaft 18 formed in a rod shape, and an armature core 20 and a commutator 22 fixed to the rotating shaft 18. The rotary shaft 18 is disposed coaxially with a yoke housing 46 described later, and one axial end portion of the rotary shaft 18 is rotatably supported on the bottom portion of the yoke housing 46 via the bearing member 24. The other axial end of the rotating shaft 18 is rotatably supported by the motor housing 26 via a bearing member 24. A connecting member 28 is press-fitted into the other axial end of the rotating shaft 18.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the armature core 20 is formed using a magnetic material. The armature core 20 is formed in an annular shape and the annular shaft into which the rotary shaft 18 is press-fitted into the shaft center portion. The portion 30 and ten teeth portions 32 that are formed in a substantially T-shape when viewed in the axial direction and are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. Since the armature core 20 includes ten teeth portions 32, ten slots 34 are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the armature core 20.

  Here, in this embodiment, when the total number of N-pole magnets 48N and S-pole magnets 48S described later is P, the number of slots 34 of the armature core 20 is P × (n + 1.5) (n = 1, 2, 3,...). That is, the number of slots 34 corresponding to P = 4 and n = 1 is set.

  A conductive winding 36 is wound around each tooth portion 32 of the armature core 20. As a result, a coil 38 is formed around the tooth portion 32. Further, in the present embodiment, the winding 36 is wound around each tooth portion 32 of the armature core 20 by distributed winding.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the commutator 22 is fixed to the portion on the other axial end side of the rotating shaft 18 by press fitting or the like. The commutator 22 includes a plurality of commutator pieces 40 arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. Each commutator piece 40 is fixed in a state where adjacent commutator pieces 40 are electrically insulated. Further, each commutator piece 40 is electrically connected to a terminal portion of a corresponding winding 36 wound around each predetermined tooth portion 32 of the armature core 20.

  The brush device 14 is disposed on the radially outer side of the commutator 22. The brush device 14 includes a brush holder 42 formed using an insulating material and a pair of brushes 44 supported by the brush holder 42. And. The pair of brushes 44 is urged radially inward by a spring (not shown). As a result, the pair of brushes 44 can be brought into sliding contact with the commutator 22 to energize the winding 36 (coil 38). In addition, as indicated by phantom lines in FIG. 2, one brush 44 is disposed at the same position in the circumferential direction as a magnetic pole center LN2 of an N-pole magnet 48N (N2), which will be described later. Is arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction as the magnetic pole center LS2 of the S-pole magnet 48S (S2) described later.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stator 16 includes a yoke housing 46 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape covering the armature core 20, and two pairs of N-pole magnets 48 </ b> N fixed to the yoke housing 46. And an S-pole magnet 48S. The yoke housing 46 includes a cylindrical portion 50 that is disposed to face the armature core 20 in the circumferential direction, and an N-pole magnet 48N and an S-pole magnet 48S are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 50. Bonded with an adhesive or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the N-pole magnet 48 </ b> N and the S-pole magnet 48 </ b> S are formed in a plate shape curved in an arc shape corresponding to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 50 of the yoke housing 46. The N-pole magnet 48N and the S-pole magnet 48S are uniformly magnetized along the circumferential direction. Further, in the present embodiment, the N pole magnets 48N and the S pole magnets 48S are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction, and the magnetic pole centers LN1 and LN2 of the N pole magnets 48N and the S pole magnets 48S are arranged. , LS1, LS2 (centers in the circumferential direction of the N-pole magnet 48N and the S-pole magnet 48S) are arranged at unequal intervals along the circumferential direction.

  Here, a bisector that bisects in the circumferential direction between one N-pole magnet 48N (N2) as a reference magnetic pole and one S-pole magnet 48S (S2) as a reference magnetic pole is a reference virtual. A bisector that bisects the other L pole magnet 48N (N1) as the general magnetic pole and the other S pole magnet 48S (S1) as the general magnetic pole in the circumferential direction, with the line L2. In the present embodiment, the magnets 48N and 48S are arranged so that the angle formed by the reference virtual line L2 and the general virtual line L1 is 180 °.

  Further, the angle θ2 formed between the magnetic pole center LN2 of the N-pole magnet 48N (N2) and the reference virtual line L2 is different from the angle θ1 formed between the magnetic pole center LN1 of the N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and the general virtual line L1. It is set to an angle. Furthermore, the angle θ2 formed between the magnetic pole center LS2 of the S-pole magnet 48S (S2) and the reference virtual line L2 is different from the angle θ1 formed between the magnetic pole center LS1 of the S-pole magnet 48S (S1) and the general virtual line L1. It is set to an angle. In the present embodiment, the angle θ2 is set to 45 °, and in the present embodiment, the end portion C1 on one side in the circumferential direction of one N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and one S-pole. The magnet 48 </ b> S (S <b> 1) is fixed to the cylindrical portion 50 of the yoke housing 46 in contact with the other end C <b> 2 in the circumferential direction.

(Operation and effect of this embodiment)
Next, the operation and effect of the present embodiment will be described in comparison with the direct current motor 52 according to the comparative example.

  According to the DC motor 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of brushes 44 is in sliding contact with the commutator piece 40 of the commutator 22 and is wound around the armature core 20 (coil 38). The energization to is switched. As a result, a magnetic field is generated around the armature core 20, and the rotor 12 is rotated by the interaction between the magnetic field and the magnetic field of the segment magnets of the stator 16 (N-pole magnet 48N and S-pole magnet 48S). That is, the rotating shaft 18 of the DC motor 10 rotates.

  In this embodiment, the angle θ2 formed between the magnetic pole center LN2 of the N-pole magnet 48N (N2) and the reference virtual line L2 is the magnetic pole center LN1 of the N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and the general virtual line L1. The angle θ2 formed between the magnetic pole center LS2 of the S-pole magnet 48S (S2) and the reference virtual line L2 is set to be different from the angle θ1 formed by the magnetic pole center LS1 of the S-pole magnet 48S (S1). And an angle θ1 formed by the general imaginary line L1. In this embodiment, the current ripple when the contact between the brush 44 and the commutator 22 (commutator piece 40) is switched can be adjusted to a desired value by adjusting the value of θ1 °. That is, a large current ripple can be obtained as compared with the current ripple of the direct current motor 52 according to the comparative example shown in FIG. Note that the direct-current motor 52 shown in FIG. 3 has the magnetic pole centers LN1, LN2, LS1, and LS2 of the segment magnets (N pole magnet 48N and S pole magnet 48S) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The configuration is the same as that of the DC motor 10 except that the DC motor 10 is disposed. In the DC motor 52, members and portions corresponding to the DC motor 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the DC motor 10.

  FIG. 4 shows current ripples of the direct current motor 10 of the present embodiment and the direct current motor 52 according to the comparative example. As shown in this figure, it can be seen that the direct current motor 10 of the present embodiment can obtain a large current ripple as compared with the current ripple of the direct current motor 52 according to the proportionality.

  In this embodiment, the stator 16 includes two N-pole magnets 48N and two S-pole magnets 48S. Therefore, the value of θ1 ° can be easily adjusted as compared with the case where the stator 16 includes a ring magnet.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the angle θ2 ° formed between the magnetic pole center LN1 of one N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and the general virtual line L1, and the magnetic pole center LS1 of one S-pole magnet 48S (S1) The angle θ2 ° formed with the virtual line L1 is set to the same angle. Thereby, the current ripple of the same value can be obtained in both cases where the rotating shaft 18 rotates to one side in the circumferential direction and to the other side in the circumferential direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, when the total number of N-pole magnets 48N and S-pole magnets 48S is P, the number of slots 34 of the armature core 20 is P × (n + 1. 5) It is set to the number obtained by (n = 1, 2, 3,...). Thereby, in the DC motor 10 of the present embodiment, a large current ripple can be obtained as compared with the current ripple of the DC motor 52 according to the proportionality.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the winding 36 is wound around each tooth portion 32 of the armature core 20 by distributed winding. Thereby, the torque of the DC motor 10 can be improved as compared with the case where the winding 36 is wound around each of the teeth portions 32 of the armature core 20 by concentrated winding.

  In addition, although this embodiment demonstrated the example which wound the coil | winding 36 to each teeth part 32 of the armature core 20 by distributed winding, this invention is not limited to this. For example, the winding 36 may be wound around each tooth portion 32 of the armature core 20 by concentrated winding. Whether the winding 36 is wound by distributed winding or concentrated winding may be appropriately set in consideration of the torque and dimensions of the DC motor.

  In the present embodiment, the angle θ2 ° formed between the magnetic pole center LN1 of one N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and the general virtual line L1, and the magnetic pole center LS1 of one S-pole magnet 48S (S1) Although the example in which the angle θ2 ° formed by the virtual line L1 is set to the same angle has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the angle formed between the magnetic pole center LN1 of one N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and the general virtual line L1, and the angle formed between the magnetic pole center LS1 of one S-pole magnet 48S (S1) and the general virtual line L1. And may be set at different angles. Thus, the angle formed between the magnetic pole center LN1 of one N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and the general virtual line L1, and the magnetic pole center LS1 of one S-pole magnet 48S (S1) and the general virtual line L1. The angle may be appropriately set in consideration of the value of the current ripple, the rotation direction of the rotating shaft 18 when the DC motor 10 is used, and the like.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which the stator 16 is configured using two pairs of N-pole magnets 48N and S-pole magnets 48S has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the stator 16 may be configured to include a single N-pole magnet 48N and a single S-pole magnet 48S, and a two-pole magnetized magnet in which the N and S poles are magnetized. it can. That is, the stator 16 can also be configured by including a magnet having a configuration in which one N-pole magnet 48N (N1) and one S-pole magnet 48S (S1) used in this embodiment are integrated. . By setting it as the said structure, the increase in the number of parts which comprise the stator 16 can be suppressed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the stator 16 can also be configured using three pairs of N-pole magnets 48N and S-pole magnets 48S. In FIG. 5, members and portions having the same functions as those of the stator 16 of the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the above embodiment.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above, and various modifications other than the above can be implemented without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Of course.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... DC motor, 12 ... Rotor, 16 ... Stator, 18 ... Rotating shaft, 20 ... Armature core, 22 ... Commutator, 34 ... Slot, 36 ... Winding, 44 ... Brush, 46 ... Yoke housing, 48N ... N pole magnet (segment magnet), 48S ... S pole magnet (segment magnet), LN1 ... magnetic pole center, LN2 ... magnetic pole center, LS1 ... magnetic pole center, LS2 ... magnetic pole center, L2 ... reference virtual line, L1 ... general Virtual line

Claims (4)

A rotating shaft supported rotatably about an axis, an armature core fixed to the rotating shaft and wound with a conductive winding, and a commutator to which a terminal portion of the winding is connected A rotor having
By having a plurality of segment magnets fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the yoke housing covering the armature core and arranged along the circumferential direction, the number of magnetic poles is 2 × M (M = 2, 3, 4,.・ ・)
Have
The armature core has 2 × M × (n + 1.5) (n = 1, 2, 3...) Teeth portions around which the windings are wound, and the same number of slots as the teeth portions. And
Among a plurality of magnetic poles, a pair of magnetic poles is used as a reference magnetic pole and another pair of magnetic poles is used as a general magnetic pole.
A bisector that bisects one reference magnetic pole and another reference magnetic pole in the circumferential direction is used as a reference imaginary line, and a circumferential direction is formed between one general magnetic pole and another general magnetic pole. A bisector that bisects into a general virtual line,
The angle formed by the reference virtual line and the general virtual line is set to 360 ° / M,
The angle formed by the magnetic pole center of the reference magnetic pole and the reference virtual line is different from the angle formed by the magnetic pole center of the general magnetic pole and the general virtual line,
A direct current motor in which a pair of brushes that energize the windings by sliding contact with the commutator are disposed at the same position in the circumferential direction as the center of the pair of reference magnetic poles.   2. The DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the stator includes M N-pole segment magnets and M S-pole segment magnets. 3.   The stator includes the single N-pole segment magnet and the single S-pole segment magnet, and the two-pole magnetized segment magnet in which the N-pole and S-pole are magnetized. The DC motor according to claim 1.   The angle formed between the general magnetic line and the general virtual line arranged on one side in the circumferential direction with respect to the general virtual line, and the general magnetic pole arranged on the other side in the circumferential direction with respect to the general virtual line and the general The DC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an angle formed with the virtual line is set to the same angle.

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