JP6412334B2 - α−アルミナフレーク - Google Patents
α−アルミナフレーク Download PDFInfo
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- JP6412334B2 JP6412334B2 JP2014093904A JP2014093904A JP6412334B2 JP 6412334 B2 JP6412334 B2 JP 6412334B2 JP 2014093904 A JP2014093904 A JP 2014093904A JP 2014093904 A JP2014093904 A JP 2014093904A JP 6412334 B2 JP6412334 B2 JP 6412334B2
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- flakes
- tio
- sio
- solution
- coated
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 193
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- DGQLVPJVXFOQEV-JNVSTXMASA-N carminic acid Chemical compound OC1=C2C(=O)C=3C(C)=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=CC=3C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O DGQLVPJVXFOQEV-JNVSTXMASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006115 industrial coating Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 39
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AIRCTMFFNKZQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N AlO Inorganic materials [Al]=O AIRCTMFFNKZQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001076973 Aroma Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002472 indium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Bi]=O BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008016 pharmaceutical coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ASTWEMOBIXQPPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;phosphate;dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ASTWEMOBIXQPPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C09C1/0057—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating low and high refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the low refractive index comprising at least one light-absorbing layer
- C09C1/0066—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating low and high refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the low refractive index comprising at least one light-absorbing layer consisting of at least one coloured inorganic material
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Description
− D50が、15〜30μm、好ましくは15〜25μmの範囲であり、
− D90が、30〜45μm、好ましくは30〜40μmの範囲である。
(2)そのアルミニウム塩溶液にアルカリ溶液を添加して、水酸化アルミニウム粒子を沈殿させること、及び、その沈殿の前、間もしくは後にその水溶液に対して、リン化合物及び任意選択で少なくとも1種のドーパントを添加すること、
(3)水を蒸発させ、続いて、工程(2)の沈殿生成物を乾燥させて、粒子とアルカリ塩を含むアルミナの乾燥物を形成する(form the dried form of alumina containing particle and alkali salt)こと、
(4)溶融塩中にAl2O3フレークを得る(obtain Al2O3 flakes in the molten salt)ために、工程(3)で得られた乾燥物を、好ましくは900〜1400℃の温度で、0.5〜10時間好ましくは1〜6時間、か焼すること(calcination)、
(5)工程(4)で得られたか焼した物の水溶性部分を除去すること、
(6)例えばふるい分け、粉砕(milling)および/または沈降(sedimentation)により、粒径および厚さを調整すること。
Al2O3フレーク +TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2+Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + Fe3O4
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2/Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2/Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SnO2
Al2O3フレーク + SnO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SnO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + Fe3O4
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2/Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + プルシアンブルー
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + カルミンレッド。
比較例1(US5702519の例2)
硫酸アルミニウム18水和物111.9g、無水硫酸ナトリウム57.3gおよび硫酸カリウム46.9gを、60℃超に加熱することによって脱イオン水300mlに溶解させる。その得られた溶液に34.4%の硫酸チタニル溶液1.0gを添加する。得られた溶液を水溶液(a)と指定する。
硫酸アルミニウム18水和物74.6g、遷移アルミナ(C10W:日本軽金属(株)製)5.7g、無水硫酸ナトリウム57.3gおよび硫酸カリウム46.9gを、60℃超に加熱することによって脱イオン水450mlに溶解させる。その得られた溶液に硫酸チタニルの34.4%溶液1.2gを添加する。得られた溶液を水溶液(a)と指定する。
比較例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁させる。得られた懸濁液(約65℃に保持)にリットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加して、pHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が銀色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を850℃で30分間か焼して、白っぽくて少し艶のある真珠光沢顔料を得る。
実施例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。得られた懸濁液(約65℃に保持)に対してリットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加してpHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が銀色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を850℃で30分間か焼して、強い光輝効果を有し、高度に白っぽくて艶のある真珠光沢顔料を得る。
比較例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。(約75℃に維持された)得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり300gのFeCl3を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を加えて、pHを3.0に維持する。得られた生成物が最も赤みを帯びた色(a most reddish color)を呈したとき、FeCl3溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を800℃で30分間か焼して、中程度の光沢と茶色がかった赤色の真珠光沢顔料を得る。
実施例1のアルミナフレーク20gを脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。(約75℃に維持された)得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり300gのFeCl3を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を加えて、pHを3.0に維持する。得られた生成物が最も赤みを帯びた色を呈したときに、FeCl3溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を800℃で30分間か焼して、強い光輝効果を有し、高光沢で純粋な赤色の真珠光沢顔料を得る。
比較例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。(約65℃に保持された)得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり50gのSnCl4を含む溶液を添加する。同時に、SnCl4溶液の総添加量が17mlとなるまで、NaOHの10%溶液を添加して、pHを2.1に維持する。次に、その結果得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を添加した。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加してpHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が銀色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を850℃で30分間か焼して、白っぽくて少し艶のある真珠光沢顔料を得る。
実施例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。(約65℃に保持された)得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり50gのSnCl4を含む溶液を添加する。同時に、SnCl4溶液の総添加量が17mlとなるまで、NaOHの10%溶液を添加して、pHを2.1に維持する。次に、その結果得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を添加した。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加してpHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が銀色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を850℃で30分間か焼して、強い光輝効果を有し、高度に白っぽくて高度に艶のある真珠光沢顔料を得る。光沢角(luster angle)において、その艶のある外観が、比較例1.3と比較して、より広い角度で見ることができる。
比較例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。(約65℃に保持された)得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加してpHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が黄色がかった色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。次いで、得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり50gのNa2SiO3を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、HClの10%溶液を添加して、pHを7に維持する。次いで、得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を、添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加して、pHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が青みがかった色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を850℃で30分間か焼して、青みがかった白色で少し艶のある真珠光沢顔料を得る。
実施例1のアルミナフレーク20gを、脱イオン水400ml中に懸濁する。(約65℃に保持された)得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加してpHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が黄色がかった色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。次いで、得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり50gのNa2SiO3を含有する溶液を添加する。同時に、HClの10%溶液を添加して、pHを7に維持する。次いで得られた懸濁液に対して、リットル当たり125gのTiCl4を含有する溶液を、添加する。同時に、NaOHの10%溶液を添加して、pHを2.1に維持する。得られた生成物が青みがかった色を呈したとき、TiCl4溶液の添加を停止する。懸濁固形物を濾別し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥した固形物を850℃で30分間か焼して、強い光輝効果を有し、高度に青みがかった高度に艶のある真珠光沢顔料を得る。光沢角において、より強く青みがかった色および高度に艶のある外観が、比較例1.4と比較して、より広い角度で見ることができる。
粒径D10、D50及びD90の評価
アルミナフレークのD10、D50及びD90は、Malvern MS2000を使用して評価される。
0.01g/lのアルミナフレークスラリーを調製し、シリコンウェーハのような平坦な基板上にこのスラリー0.1mlを滴下する。基板を乾燥し、適当なサイズに切断する。基板は、SEM(走査電子顕微鏡)の架台上にほぼ垂直に傾いた角度で設置され、アルミナフレークの厚さが測定される。
自動車用ベースコート塗料を、次の処方に従って調製する。
Claims (17)
- 550〜1000nmの粒子厚さ、15〜30μmのD50値、30〜45μmのD90値、および9.5μm未満のD 10 値を有するAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークがα−アルミナフレークであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- D90値が30〜40μmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、SnO2、In2O3、ZnO、またはそれらの組合せでドープされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記ドープの量が、Al2O3フレークを基準にして0.01〜5重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークがTiO2によってドープされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークが、金属酸化物、少なくとも二つの金属酸化物の混合物、金属、金属硫化物、亜酸化チタン、酸窒化チタン、FeO(OH)、金属合金、または希土類化合物の、少なくとも一つの層でコーティングされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークが、金属酸化物、または、少なくとも二つの金属酸化物の混合物の、少なくとも一つの層でコーティングされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークが、以下の層配列でコーティングされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク:
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + Fe3O4
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2/Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + SiO2/Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SnO2
Al2O3フレーク + SnO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SnO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + Fe3O4
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3 + SiO2 + TiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2 + TiO2/Fe2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + SiO2/Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + SiO2 + TiO2 + Al2O3
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 +プルシアンブルー
Al2O3フレーク + TiO2 + カルミンレッド、
ここでTiO2/Fe2O3およびSiO2/Al2O3はそれぞれ、TiO2とFe2O3との混合物の層、および、SiO2とAl2O3との混合物の層を意味する。 - 前記Al2O3フレークが、ルチル形態またはアナターゼ形態のTiO2によってコーティングされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークが、ルチル形態のTiO2によってコーティングされていることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 前記Al2O3フレークが、顔料全体を基準としてAl2O3フレーク40〜90重量%及びコーティング10〜60重量%からなることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレーク。
- 以下の工程によって特徴づけられる請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレークの調製方法:
(1)少なくとも一つの水溶性及び/又は不溶性のアルミニウム塩の、水溶液またはスラリーの調製、
(2)そのアルミニウム塩溶液にアルカリ溶液を添加して、水酸化アルミニウム粒子を沈殿させること、及び、その沈殿の前、間もしくは後にその水溶液に対してリン化合物を添加すること、
(3)水を蒸発させ、続いて工程(2)の沈殿生成物を乾燥させて、粒子とアルカリ塩を含むアルミナの乾燥物を形成すること、
(4)溶融塩中にAl2O3フレークを得るために、工程(3)で得られた乾燥物をか焼すること、
(5)工程(4)で得られたか焼した物の水溶性部分を除去すること、
(6)粒径および厚さを調整すること。 - 工程(2)において、前記沈殿の前、間もしくは後にその水溶液に対して少なくとも1種のドーパントを添加する、請求項13に記載の調製方法。
- 塗料、コーティング、自動車用コーティング、自動車仕上げ、工業用コーティング、塗料、粉体塗料、印刷インキ、セキュリティ印刷インキ、プラスチック、セラミック材料、化粧品、ガラス、紙、紙コーティング、電子写真印刷プロセスのためのトナー、種子、温室シート及び防水シート、機械またはデバイスの絶縁のための熱伝導性、自己支持性、電気絶縁性、可撓性のシート、の分野での配合物における効果顔料のための基材としての、紙またはプラスチックのレーザーマーキングにおける吸収体、プラスチックのレーザー溶接における吸収体としての、水、有機および/または水性溶媒との顔料ペーストにおける、顔料調製物および乾燥調製物における、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレークの使用。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレークを、配合物全体を基準として、0.01〜95重量%の量で含有する配合物。
- 水、ポリオール類、極性および非極性油、脂肪、ワックス、フィルム形成剤、ポリマー、コポリマー、界面活性剤、フリーラジカル捕捉剤、酸化防止剤、安定剤、臭気増強剤、シリコーン油、乳化剤、溶媒、防腐剤、増粘剤、レオロジー添加剤、香料、着色料、効果顔料、UV吸収剤、界面活性助剤および/または化粧用活性化合物、充填剤、結合剤、真珠光沢顔料、着色顔料及び有機染料の群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のAl2O3フレークを含有する配合物。
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US20190322871A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
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CN109735138A (zh) | 2019-05-10 |
US11142649B2 (en) | 2021-10-12 |
TW201945285A (zh) | 2019-12-01 |
EP2799397B1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
CN104129806A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2799397A2 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
KR20210091078A (ko) | 2021-07-21 |
EP3395763B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
JP2014218424A (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
US20190330475A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
EP3395763A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
ES2688388T3 (es) | 2018-11-02 |
CN109735138B (zh) | 2022-03-08 |
KR20140130048A (ko) | 2014-11-07 |
US10457812B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
US11180659B2 (en) | 2021-11-23 |
TW201509814A (zh) | 2015-03-16 |
US20140322534A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
KR102375756B1 (ko) | 2022-03-18 |
TWI695814B (zh) | 2020-06-11 |
KR102409321B1 (ko) | 2022-06-17 |
KR102276945B1 (ko) | 2021-07-13 |
KR20210091079A (ko) | 2021-07-21 |
TWI677469B (zh) | 2019-11-21 |
EP2799397A3 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
CN104129806B (zh) | 2019-01-18 |
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