JP6336013B2 - Photoacoustic device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a photoacoustic apparatus that receives a photoacoustic wave generated by irradiating a subject with light.

  Research on an optical imaging apparatus that irradiates light to a living body from a light source such as a laser and images in-vivo information obtained based on incident light has been actively promoted in the medical field. As one of the optical imaging techniques, there is Photo Acoustic Tomography (PAT: Photoacoustic Tomography). In photoacoustic tomography, a living body is irradiated with pulsed light generated from a light source, and acoustic waves generated from living tissue that absorbs the energy of pulsed light that has propagated and diffused in the living body are detected (Patent Document 1). In other words, using the difference in absorption rate of light energy between the test site such as a tumor and other tissues, the elastic wave generated when the test site absorbs the irradiated light energy and expands instantaneously That is, the photoacoustic wave is received by the transducer. By analyzing this detection signal, an optical characteristic distribution in the living body, in particular, a light energy absorption density distribution can be obtained. Such information can also be used for quantitative measurement of a specific substance in the subject, for example, glucose or hemoglobin contained in blood. As a result, it can be used for identifying a place where a malignant tumor accompanied by neovascularization exists.

  Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an application example as a photoacoustic microscope. According to Non-Patent Document 1, ultrasonic waves generated by irradiating a subject with pulsed light are received by a transducer and imaged. Further, the spectral characteristics of the subject are imaged by changing the wavelength of the pulsed light.

US Pat. No. 5,840,023

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 14, no. 1,171-179 (2008)

PAT can obtain local light absorption information by measuring an acoustic wave generated by being absorbed at a local test site. The initial sound pressure P of the acoustic wave generated at the test site is expressed by the following equation (1) using the distance r from the light irradiation point to the test site.
P (d) = Γμ _a (r) Φ (r) (1)
here,
Γ: Gruneisen coefficient (thermal-acoustic conversion efficiency)
μ _a (r): absorption coefficient at a position at distance r Φ (r): light intensity at a position at distance r The Gruneisen coefficient Γ, which is an elastic characteristic value, is a product of the square of the thermal expansion coefficient β and the speed of sound c divided by the constant pressure specific heat Cp. Since it is known that Γ has a substantially constant value when the biological tissue is determined, the product of μ _a and Φ, that is, the product of μ _a and Φ, that is, by measuring the change of the sound pressure P that is the magnitude of the acoustic wave in a time-sharing manner, A light energy absorption density distribution H can be obtained. Then, μ _a (r) can be obtained by dividing the light intensity Φ (r) from H.

Here, it is known that the pulse laser used for generating the photoacoustic wave cannot always generate a constant amount of pulsed light in principle, and has a certain output fluctuation over time. Specifically, the light quantity fluctuation may reach 10% or more. When the amount of generated pulse light varies, the amount of light Φ (r) in the local region within the subject also varies. As described above, since the light quantity Φ and the intensity P of the photoacoustic wave are in a proportional relationship, the photoacoustic wave also varies similarly for each laser pulse. Therefore, such on standing variation, when the optical energy absorption density H distribution and absorption coefficient mu _a distribution were imaged becomes a possible cause intensity irregularity also on the screen after reconstitution, quantitative properties of the measurement Cause loss.

  However, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, there is no description regarding output fluctuation with time from the light source. Further, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that the light amount is corrected using a sensor for measuring the pulse light amount, but the measurement, usage, and correction target are not clearly described. In particular, since Non-Patent Document 1 is premised on use as a photoacoustic microscope, optical attenuation in the depth direction, which is important when measuring a thick subject, has not been clearly described.

  The present invention has been made based on such background art and problem recognition. An object of the present invention is to provide a photoacoustic apparatus that can reduce adverse effects on an image caused by the change in the amount of light output from a light source over time.

In view of the above problems, the photoacoustic apparatus of the present invention provides a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating a subject with light emitted from the light source and light emitted from the light source. A detector including a transducer for outputting, a light amount measuring device for measuring the amount of light output from the light source, and a signal processing unit for acquiring information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer; And an A / D converter that converts a detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal, and an image reconstruction unit that acquires image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the digital signal. The light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on the configuration processing unit, the light intensity and the in-plane intensity distribution of light, and the information inside the subject is obtained based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution Comprises an information acquisition unit that Tokusuru, the.

  According to the present invention, the photoacoustic apparatus is provided with a light amount measuring device, and the intensity of the photoacoustic signal is corrected in consideration of a change with time of the measured output light amount. It is possible to provide a photoacoustic apparatus with little adverse effect on images.

It is the figure which showed typically the structure of the photoacoustic apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the output fluctuation | variation of a laser pulse. In Embodiment 1 of this invention, it is a flowchart for demonstrating an example which determines the correction amount of the intensity | strength of a detection signal. It is a figure for demonstrating arrangement | positioning of the photo sensor of this invention. It is the figure which showed typically the structure of the photoacoustic apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. In Embodiment 2 of this invention, it is a flowchart for demonstrating an example which determines the correction amount of the intensity | strength of a detection signal. It is the figure which showed typically the structure of the photoacoustic apparatus by Embodiment 3 of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. In principle, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 1: Photoacoustic apparatus)
First, the configuration of the photoacoustic apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  The photoacoustic apparatus of this embodiment is a photoacoustic imaging apparatus that images information inside a subject. When the subject is a living body, the photoacoustic apparatus enables imaging of biological information for the purpose of diagnosing malignant tumors, vascular diseases and the like, and observing the progress of chemical treatment. In the present invention, "information inside the subject" is information on the source distribution of acoustic waves generated by light irradiation, information on the initial sound pressure distribution in the living body, information on the light energy absorption density distribution derived therefrom, This is information on the concentration distribution of substances constituting the biological tissue obtained from such information. For example, the substance concentration distribution is oxygen saturation.

  The photoacoustic apparatus of the present embodiment includes a pulse laser 2a, a detector 5, and a photosensor 8a as a basic hardware configuration. The pulse laser 2a is a light source for irradiating a subject with pulsed light.

  The subject 3 such as a living body is fixed to the plates 4a and 4b for compressing and fixing the subject 3 from both sides as necessary. The light from the light source is guided to the surface of the plate 4b by an optical system (not shown) such as a lens, a mirror, and an optical fiber, and is irradiated on the subject. When a part of the energy of the light propagated inside the subject 3 is absorbed by a light absorber such as a blood vessel, an acoustic wave (typically an ultrasonic wave) is generated from the light absorber due to thermal expansion. This is sometimes called a “photoacoustic wave”. That is, the absorption of the pulsed light raises the temperature of the light absorber, which causes volume expansion and generates an acoustic wave. The time width of the light pulse at this time is preferably set to such an extent that the heat / stress confinement condition is satisfied in order to efficiently confine the absorbed energy in the light absorber. Typically, it is about 1 nanosecond to 0.2 seconds.

  A detector 5 for detecting an acoustic wave detects an acoustic wave generated in the subject and converts it into an electrical signal that is an analog signal. The detection signal acquired from this detector is also referred to as a “photoacoustic signal”.

  In this embodiment, the signal processing unit 15 for processing the photoacoustic signal to acquire information inside the subject includes a reception amplifier 6, an A / D converter 7, a signal correction unit 11, and an image reconstruction processing unit. 12 and an optical attenuation correction unit 16. The photoacoustic signal acquired from the detector 5 is amplified by the reception amplifier 6 and converted into a photoacoustic signal as a digital signal by the A / D converter 7. The signal correction unit 11 is one of the characteristic configurations of this embodiment, and corrects the intensity of this digital signal. Then, after the image reconstruction processing unit 12 performs arithmetic processing on the three-dimensional information, the light attenuation correction unit 16 corrects the obtained voxel data in consideration of light attenuation in the subject. Then, a photoacoustic image of the subject is displayed on the image display unit 13 as necessary. All elements are controlled by the system control unit 1. Here, the “photoacoustic image” is an image obtained by displaying the obtained information inside the subject by coordinates in a three-dimensional space and converting the information into luminance information.

  Here, a characteristic part of the present embodiment will be briefly described. The output light amount of the laser 2a is measured by a photo sensor 8a which is a light amount measuring device. When a change with time occurs in the output light amount of the laser 2a, this change is also measured by the photosensor 8a. Then, the signal correction unit 11 corrects the intensity of the photoacoustic signal so as to suppress fluctuations in the intensity of the photoacoustic signal based on the temporal change in the output light amount. That is, it is possible to reduce fluctuations in the intensity of the photoacoustic signal due to changes in the output light amount over time (time fluctuations).

(Fluctuations in the light source and the amount of light output from the light source)
The laser beam generated by the pulse laser 2a varies from pulse to pulse. An example of the light quantity fluctuation is shown in FIG. The figure shows the change over time in the measurement output when a pulse light of 10 Hz is generated for 60 seconds at about 5 W (500 mJ) with a YAG laser. From the figure, it can be confirmed that the output light amount is about 10%.

  When the subject is a living body, the light source emits light having a specific wavelength that is absorbed by a specific component among components constituting the living body. As the light source, a pulse light source capable of generating pulsed light on the order of 1 nanosecond to 0.2 nanoseconds is preferable. A laser is preferable as the light source, but a light emitting diode or the like may be used instead of the laser. As the laser, various lasers such as a solid laser, a gas laser, a dye laser, and a semiconductor laser can be used.

  Note that the fluctuation in the amount of light output from the laser as shown in FIG. 2 is presumed to be mainly due to the fluctuation in the amount of light from the flash lamp as the laser excitation light source. Therefore, when the flash lamp itself or a laser including this as an excitation light source is used as the light source of the present invention, the effects of the present invention can be further obtained. However, of course, the light source of the present invention is not limited to these, and the present invention can be used as long as it is a light source capable of causing fluctuations in the amount of light even if it is a semiconductor laser or light emitting diode not including a flash lamp.

  In the present embodiment, an example of a single light source is shown, but a plurality of light sources may be used. In the case of a plurality of light sources, a plurality of light sources that oscillate the same wavelength may be used in order to increase the irradiation intensity of the light irradiating the living body, and in order to measure the difference of the optical characteristic value distribution depending on the wavelength, the oscillation wavelengths differ A plurality of light sources may be used. If a oscillating wavelength-convertable dye or OPO (Optical Parametric Oscillators) can be used as the light source, it is possible to measure the difference in the optical characteristic value distribution depending on the wavelength. The wavelength to be used is selected from a wavelength band of 700 nm to 1100 nm that is less absorbed in the living body. However, when obtaining the optical characteristic value distribution of the living tissue relatively near the surface of the living body, it is selected from a wavelength band having a wider range than the above wavelength band, for example, from 400 nm to 1600 nm.

  The light emitted from the light source can be propagated using an optical waveguide or the like as necessary. Although not shown in FIG. 1, an optical fiber is preferable as the optical waveguide. When using an optical fiber, it is possible to guide light to the surface of a living body by using a plurality of optical fibers for each light source, or to guide light from a plurality of light sources to a single optical fiber. All light may be guided to the living body using only one optical fiber. Further, the light may be guided by an optical component such as a mirror that mainly reflects light or a lens that collects or enlarges light or changes its shape. As such an optical component, any optical component may be used as long as light emitted from the light source is irradiated in a desired shape onto the light irradiation region of the subject surface.

(Detection signal correction 1)
Hereinafter, correction of the detection signal in the present embodiment will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, the subject is fixed on a flat plate, the light irradiation region by the laser 2a is set two-dimensionally on the surface of the subject, and the light irradiation region is sufficiently large with respect to the imaging range. Explain to the model. Let Φ ₀ be the amount of pulsed light applied to the subject surface. Within the subject, light attenuates exponentially as it moves away from the surface due to absorption and scattering. That is,
Φ (r) = Φ ₀ · exp (−μ _eff · r) (2)
Can be expressed. μ _eff is an average equivalent attenuation coefficient of the subject. From Equation (2) and Equation (1),
P (r) = Γμ _a (d) Φ ₀ · exp (−μ _eff · r) Expression (3)
It becomes. In the present invention, the problem is that Φ ₀ varies from pulse to pulse. For example, when the output light quantity Φ ₀₂ of another pulse 2 is 0.9Φ ₀₁ with respect to the output light quantity Φ ₀₁ of a certain pulse 1, the sound pressure P ₂ (r) = 0. 9P ₁ (r).

Then, at created from pulse 1 with an image of the inside of the subject (mu _a distribution) and the image created from the pulse 2, will be different luminance signal in response to sound pressure, no reproducibility of the image is obtained . As described above, when the same place is measured a plurality of times, it causes misrecognition of information in the subject due to a decrease in image reproducibility. When measurement is performed while scanning the laser and the detector along the surface of the subject, one image is created from sound pressures responding to a plurality of pulses. In this case, luminance unevenness occurs in the image due to the above-described fluctuation in the amount of light, which also causes misidentification of information in the subject.

Thus, in the present embodiment, the photosensor 8a measures the output light quantity Φ _0n of each pulse. Then, the intensity of the detection signal by each photoacoustic wave is corrected so that it can be considered that the sound pressure P _n (r) is always obtained with a reference light quantity such as a constant initial light quantity Φ ₀ . In the above example, the detection signal is corrected on the assumption that an intensity obtained by multiplying P ₂ (r) by 1 / 0.9 is obtained with P ₁ (r) as a reference. In this way, even if the output of the light source varies with time, it is possible to obtain information on the position and sound pressure of the sound source inside the subject while reducing its influence.

Note that the reciprocal of the ratio of the output light amount Φ ₀₂ of another pulse 2 to the output light amount Φ ₀₁ of the pulse 1 described above, that is, Φ ₀₁ / Φ ₀₂ is referred to as a “correction coefficient” in this specification. In addition, although the correction of the detection signal can be performed for both an analog signal and a digital signal, in the present embodiment, the amount converted into the digital signal by the A / D converter 7 is corrected. Yes. Since the digital signal outputs the value of the sound pressure P (r) at each sampling frequency from the A / D converter 7, the correction coefficient of the pulse is applied to the digital signal indicating P (r) corresponding to a certain pulse. Correction is performed by multiplication.

  This will be described in more detail below. In the present embodiment, the pulse light amount of the laser 2a is detected for each pulse by the photosensor 8a and then stored in the light amount memory 9a. From the viewpoint of the reliability of signal processing, it is preferable to have a memory for storing the output light quantity in this way. The correction amount determination unit 10 reads data relating to the temporal change of the output light amount stored in the memory 9a, and determines a correction amount (correction coefficient) for each detection signal. The signal correction unit 11 corrects the intensity of each detection signal based on the determined correction amount.

  FIG. 3 shows a processing flow of the correction amount calculation. The correction amount determination unit 10 reads data from the light amount memory 9a (S301). Based on the light amount of the pulse obtained by the light amount memory 9a, a correction coefficient corresponding to each pulse is calculated (S302). As the correction coefficient, a light quantity measured in advance is used as a reference value. In this specification, a correction coefficient set for each of a plurality of pulses is referred to as a “correction amount table”. Then, the correction amount table is transferred to the signal correction unit 11 (S304), and is calculated for the obtained photoacoustic signal. That is, the correction coefficient is multiplied by the digital signal of the sound pressure P (d) acquired for each sampling frequency.

(Image reconstruction and light attenuation correction)
The image reconstruction processing unit 12 performs image reconstruction on the digital signal corrected as described above. The PAT image reconstruction is to derive a distribution P ₀ (r) of the initial sound pressure when it occurs in the subject from the sound pressure P _d (r _d , t) received by the detector. It is called the inverse problem. The Universal Back Projection (UBP) method that is typically used in the PAT image reconstruction method is described in PHYSICAL REVIEW E 71,016706 (2005) and REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 77,042201 (2006).

By now, the initial sound pressure distribution as information in the subject, or mu _a and the product of [Phi, i.e., it was possible to obtain a light energy absorption density distribution H. If Φ is constant and H is divided by Φ, the absorption coefficient μ _a (r) distribution in the subject can be obtained. However, since the amount of light applied to the local region in the subject attenuates exponentially as described above, when there are two tissues having the same absorption coefficient, they are generated from a tissue farther from the subject surface. The sound pressure of the acoustic wave is smaller than that from nearby tissue. Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate absorption coefficient distribution, it is preferable to correct such influence of light attenuation. This correction is referred to as “light attenuation correction” in this specification.

  Specifically, the light attenuation correction unit 16 performs a process of dividing the amount of light at the position of the corresponding voxel for each voxel data indicating the light energy absorption density distribution H output from the image reconstruction processing unit 12. Do. The amount of light at the position of the corresponding voxel can be calculated from the above equation (2).

  With such a configuration, an accurate absorption coefficient distribution in the subject can be imaged in consideration of the influence of light attenuation.

(Aspect of signal correction 1)
In the present embodiment, an example in which correction for light amount fluctuation for each pulse is performed on data before being subjected to image reconstruction processing after being converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 7 is shown. It is not limited to this. This correction can also be performed on voxel data after image reconstruction. That is, even if correction calculation is performed by inputting the correction coefficient calculated by the correction amount determination unit 10 to the light attenuation correction unit 16, the photoacoustic signal can be similarly corrected. It is also possible to correct analog data before A / D conversion. In this case, a method of controlling the gain of the reception amplifier 6 by the output of the correction amount determination unit 10 can be taken. That is, the “detection signal” in this specification includes any of an analog signal, a digital signal after A / D conversion, and luminance data after the digital signal is reconstructed.

  Further, if the light quantity distribution in the subject when certain light is irradiated can be set, the photoacoustic signal is similarly applied when light is incident from both sides of the plate 4 or when light is irradiated from more than one direction. Can be corrected.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the photoacoustic signal is acquired while the transducer 5 and the laser 2a are fixed. However, even when the photoacoustic signal is acquired while scanning the transducer 5 and the laser 2a, each scanning is performed. The same photoacoustic signal can be corrected by acquiring the light quantity measurement data at the position.

  The laser pulse 2a to be used is a laser beam having a certain thickness, but if there is spatial unevenness in the cross-sectional intensity, it is corrected in the three-dimensional space in consideration of the light quantity distribution. The same photoacoustic signal can be corrected by calculating the amount of light.

(Detailed description of each component)
The detector (probe) 5 detects an acoustic wave such as a sound wave or an ultrasonic wave and converts it into an electric signal. Any acoustic wave detector may be used as long as it can detect an acoustic wave signal, such as a transducer using a piezoelectric phenomenon, a transducer using optical resonance, or a transducer using a change in capacitance. The detector 5 of the present embodiment is preferably an array type having a plurality of transducer elements. By using such two-dimensionally arranged transducer elements, acoustic waves can be detected simultaneously at a plurality of locations. As a result, the detection time can be shortened and the influence of vibration of the subject can be reduced. Further, it is desirable to use an acoustic impedance matching agent such as gel or water for suppressing reflection of sound waves between the detector 5 and the plate 4b and the subject 3.

  As the light amount measuring device, a photo sensor typified by a photodiode or a pyroelectric sensor is typical. If a one-dimensional or two-dimensional photo sensor array is required, a CCD image sensor, a CMOS image sensor, The same effect can be obtained by using a light dependent resistance (LDR).

  A preferred arrangement of the photosensor 8a as a light amount measuring device will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 18 denotes a reflection mirror, and 19 denotes a laser.

  FIG. 4A shows a case where leakage light from the reflection mirror is detected in the middle of the optical system before reaching the plate 4b. Thus, by disposing the photo sensor 8a behind the reflection mirror, a part of the light from the light source can be detected. If the ratio of leakage light is known, it is possible to calculate the light amount fluctuation of the light source.

  FIG. 4B shows a case where a part of light reflected from the plate 4b is detected. Thus, it is also preferable to arrange the photosensor 8a in the vicinity of the plate 4b.

  FIG. 4C shows a case where a part of the light propagated through the plate 4b is also detected. In this way, the photosensor 8a can be provided at the end of the plate 4b. In particular, when light is incident on the plate at an angle, the propagation light inside the plate increases, which is a preferable mode.

  As the memory, a memory on a PC or a control board can be considered, but the same effect can be obtained even if a memory attached to the photo sensor unit or a hard disk or the like is used if it has a speed higher than the laser pulse period.

Example 1
Hereinafter, Example 1 will specifically describe the case where the photoacoustic apparatus of the present invention is used for breast examination. In the breast examination in the present embodiment, breast compression similar to that of generally used X-ray mammography is performed. That is, in the breast, it is only necessary to obtain a photoacoustic signal up to a depth of 4 cm, which is an average breast compression thickness.

  In this example, a Q-switched YAG laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm, a 10 Hz drive, a pulse width of 5 nanoseconds, and an output per pulse of 1.6 J was used as the light source. Since the JIS stipulates that the laser beam intensity that can be applied to the human body under these conditions is 100 mJ / cm 2 or less, the illumination optical system was designed to spread the emitted laser beam to a 4 cm square.

  Thus, when the breast was pressed and light was irradiated from both sides, the range in which the photoacoustic signal was generated was 4 cm deep and 4 cm wide. Moreover, in order to acquire the photoacoustic signal within this range, one side of the ultrasonic transducer was set to 4 cm. The element pitch was 2 mm, and a 400 element two-dimensional probe was constructed. The operating frequency was 1 MHz. The photosensor used was an S5973 PIN photodiode manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics.

  In acquiring the photoacoustic signal under the above conditions, the irradiation light quantity at the time of laser irradiation is always stored in the light quantity memory. The correction coefficient corresponding to each pulse is calculated with the maximum value of the measured light amount fluctuation being 1. The detection signal was corrected according to the correction method described in the configuration of FIG. Photoacoustic images generated by image reconstruction were stored as volume data and displayed on the screen.

  Although it is possible to improve the intensity unevenness of the photoacoustic image by using this method, the reproducibility of the photoacoustic signal itself based on electrical noise is about 2 to 3%, and the distribution unevenness of irradiation light is about 2%. Therefore, the same level of image unevenness remains. However, by using this method, it has become possible to improve the image unevenness of about 8 to 10% to about 3 to 4%.

  The distribution of irradiation light can be measured by separately arranging a CCD or the like in the optical path, and the reproducibility of the photoacoustic signal can be measured by operating the system without laser irradiation. I can do it. The image unevenness is defined as three times the standard deviation of the luminance value change in the same pixel when the image is acquired a plurality of times.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the photoacoustic apparatus is used for breast examination has been specifically described. However, the same effect can be obtained by performing the same processing for measuring other parts of the human body and subjects other than the human body. It is possible to obtain

(Embodiment 2)
In the first embodiment, the laser beam is irradiated only from one side, but in this embodiment, a correction method when the laser beam is irradiated from both sides of the plate 4 will be described. FIG. 5 shows an example of a photoacoustic apparatus for explaining the present embodiment. Laser pulse irradiation, light amount data and photoacoustic signal acquisition are the same as in the first embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that laser light is emitted from both sides of the lasers 2a and 2b, and the outputs of the lasers 2a and 2b are detected by the two photosensors 8a and 8b. The detected light amount is stored in the light amount memories 9a and 9b and transferred to the correction amount determining units 10a and 10b. Then, two correction coefficients are calculated using the same method as in the first embodiment, and the correction coefficients are transferred to the signal correction unit 11.

  The operations of the correction amount determination units 10a and 10b and the signal correction unit 16 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The light quantity from each laser obtained by the light quantity memories 9a and 9b (S601) is calculated as a correction coefficient with the maximum value of each light quantity variation measured in advance as 1 (S602). Then, the relative attenuation in the depth direction is calculated using each normalized light quantity and each coefficient, and two correction amount tables are created from the two light quantity data (S603). These correction tables in the depth direction are added to the same depth, and one combined correction amount table is generated (S604).

That is, the sound pressure due to the light irradiated from one side of the plate 4 is the same as the above equation (3). P (r) = Γμ _a (r) Φ _0A · exp (−μ _eff · r) (3)
However, the sound pressure due to the light irradiated from the other side is expressed by the following equation.
P (r) = Γμ _a (r) Φ _0B · exp (−μ _eff · (D−r)) (4)

Here, D is the distance between the compression plates 4a and 4b. Also, _Φ0A is the initial light amount after multiplying the light amount fluctuation correction coefficient for the pulsed light emitted by the laser 2a among the pulsed light that generated the acoustic wave. Φ _0B is the initial light amount after the light amount fluctuation correction coefficient is applied to the pulse light emitted from the laser 2b among the pulse light that generated the acoustic wave. Since one correction amount table is obtained by numerically adding and adding the light amount and light attenuation of the above equation to the sampling frequency, it is expressed by the following equation.
C (r) = 1 / (Φ _0A · (exp (−μ _eff · r) + Φ _0B exp (−μ _eff · (D−r)))) Expression (5)

Here, C (r) is each value in the correction amount table, and Φ _0A , Φ _0B , r, D, and μ _eff are known and can be obtained. The combined correction amount table C (d) is multiplied by the obtained image reconstruction data (S605). At this time, the correction amount table is a function in the depth direction (straight-ahead distance from the subject surface), whereas the image reconstruction data is three-dimensional data, but multiplication processing is performed only in the depth direction. The same processing is performed for all the spreading direction (in-plane direction of the subject surface). Thereafter, the photoacoustic image is accumulated as volume data and displayed on the screen. This method is a method that collectively performs correction considering the light amount fluctuation from the light source and correction considering light attenuation in the depth direction on the digital data after image reconstruction. The detection signal in this case may be a sound pressure signal converted into a luminance signal.

  By using this embodiment, even when light is irradiated from both sides of the plate 4, image unevenness can be improved as in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 3)
In the first and second embodiments, the intensity of the photoacoustic signal is corrected on the assumption that the surface of the subject is irradiated with the constant light quantity Φ ₀ regardless of the location. In the third embodiment, the laser irradiation surface (subject surface) is corrected. A correction method in the case where the initial light quantity has an intensity distribution will be described.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a photoacoustic apparatus for explaining the present embodiment. Laser pulse irradiation, light amount data and photoacoustic signal acquisition are the same as in the second embodiment. The laser that irradiates the subject 3 is enlarged and irradiated to the same 4 cm square as that of the transducer 5, but there is an intensity distribution in the plane. This is especially seen when using multimode lasers. The in-plane intensity distribution is previously measured and stored in the light quantity distribution memories 14a and 14b, respectively.

The correction amount corrected here reflects the light intensity distribution. In other words, the correction amount is a function of the light intensity distribution, the Gruneisen coefficient, the absorption coefficient, the initial light quantity multiplied by the correction coefficient, and the attenuation coefficient, but the light intensity distribution cannot be solved analytically, so light propagation simulation Calculated by The light amount distribution in the three-dimensional direction can be obtained by calculation. If described using an expression, the expression (3) in this case is P (r) = Γμ _a (d) Φ ₀ (x, y, r, t) Exp (−μ _eff · r) (6)
The light quantity Φ ₀ (x, y, r, t) is a function of each pulse oscillated at a space (x, y, r) distribution and time t. This light quantity Φ ₀ is calculated by simulation, and after multiplying each coefficient, a correction coefficient at each location in the three-dimensional space is calculated by taking the reciprocal.

  The correction amount calculation according to the present embodiment is excellent in that the signal can be corrected in consideration of the spatial light amount distribution on the subject surface in addition to the temporal light amount fluctuation. The reproducibility of the photoacoustic signal is the same as that of the first embodiment. When the photoacoustic image is acquired and corrected in consideration of these factors, the intensity unevenness of the photoacoustic image, which is 8 to 10% in a form without light quantity fluctuation correction and light quantity distribution correction, is about 3%, that is, photoacoustic. The signal reproducibility was improved to the same extent.

(Embodiment 4)
In the first to third embodiments, the photoacoustic signal is acquired while the transducer 5 and the laser 2a are fixed. In the present embodiment, the case where the photoacoustic signal is acquired while scanning these along the plate will be described. .

  Although the system configuration is as shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the laser 2a, 2b and the transducer 5 have a movable mechanism for scanning the subject. Note that it is only necessary to scan the incident site from the light source to the subject, and it is not always necessary to scan the laser itself. In this case, it is necessary to correct the light amount fluctuation during scanning, which was not taken into consideration in the first to third embodiments.

  Considering that the breast is scanned using the above light source and ultrasonic transducer, since the scanning region is 20 cm × 20 cm and the stripe width is 4 cm, a 4 cm × 20 cm stripe is formed five times. In addition, the scanning of the transducer employs a so-called step-and-repeat method, that is, a method in which the transducer is repeatedly moved and stopped, and laser irradiation is performed when the transducer is stopped to obtain a photoacoustic signal. On the other hand, during laser irradiation, the amount of irradiation light is always stored in a light amount memory.

  The normalization of light quantity, calculation processing, and correction of the photoacoustic signal are the same as in the second embodiment, but the corrected photoacoustic signal is temporarily stored in the memory until the end of scanning. Then, image reconstruction is performed using the corrected photoacoustic signal after all the scans are completed, and the generated photoacoustic image is accumulated as volume data and displayed on the screen.

  By using this method, it is possible to improve the intensity unevenness of the photoacoustic image, but the reproducibility of the photoacoustic signal itself is about 2 to 3%, while the averaging effect of the photoacoustic signal by scanning is S. / N is increased 4 to 5 times. Considering these effects, it has become possible to improve the image unevenness of about 8 to 10% in the form without conventional scanning and light amount correction to 1% or less.

(Embodiment 5)
The present invention can also be realized by executing the following processing. That is, software (program) that realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments is supplied to a system or apparatus via a network or various storage media, and a computer (or CPU, MPU, or the like) of the system or apparatus reads the program. It is a process to be executed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 System control part 2a, 2b Laser 3 Subject 4a, 4b Plate 5 Detector 6 Reception amplifier 7 Analog-digital converter 8a, 8b Photosensor 9a, 9b Light quantity memory 10 Correction amount calculation part 11 Signal correction part 12 Image reconstruction process part 15 Signal Processing Unit 16 Light Attenuation Correction Unit

Claims (52)

A light source for irradiating the subject with light;
A detector including a transducer that outputs a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with the light emitted from the light source;
A light amount measuring device for measuring the light amount of the light output from the light source;
A signal processing unit that acquires information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer;
The signal processing unit
An A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal;
An image reconstruction processing unit for acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the digital signal;
Information acquisition for acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the light quantity and the in-plane intensity distribution of the light, and acquiring information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution And a photoacoustic apparatus. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information acquisition unit acquires the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the light amount, the in-plane intensity distribution, and the attenuation of the light. The image reconstruction processing unit acquires the image reconstruction data by converting the digital signal into an initial sound pressure distribution or a light energy absorption density distribution inside the subject. The photoacoustic apparatus as described in. The signal processing unit further includes a correction amount determination unit that determines a correction amount based on a predetermined reference value and the light amount,
The information acquisition unit acquires the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the correction amount determined by the correction amount determination unit and the in-plane intensity distribution of the light. 4. The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of items 3. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the correction amount determination unit determines the correction amount based on a ratio between the predetermined reference value and the light amount. A plurality of the light sources;
The light amount measuring device measures the light amount of light output from each of the plurality of light sources,
The information acquisition unit, based on the in-plane intensity distribution of light output from each of the plurality of light sources and the amount of light output from each of the plurality of light sources, measured by the light amount measuring device, The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light intensity distribution inside a subject is acquired. Attenuation of light output from each of the plurality of light sources, in-plane intensity distribution of light output from each of the plurality of light sources, output from each of the plurality of light sources measured by the light quantity measuring device The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on a light amount of light. A light source for irradiating the subject with light;
A detector including a transducer that outputs a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with the light emitted from the light source;
A light amount measuring device for measuring the light amount of the light output from the light source;
A signal processing unit that acquires information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer;
The signal processing unit
A signal correction unit for correcting the detection signal based on the light amount;
An image reconstruction processing unit that acquires image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal corrected by the signal correction unit;
An information acquisition unit that acquires the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the in-plane intensity distribution of the light, and acquires information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution; A photoacoustic apparatus comprising: The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on the in-plane intensity distribution and the attenuation of the light. The image reconstruction processing unit obtains the image reconstruction data inside the subject by converting the detection signal into an initial sound pressure distribution or a light energy absorption density distribution inside the subject. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 8 or 9. The signal processing unit further includes a correction amount determination unit that determines a correction amount based on a predetermined reference value and the light amount,
The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the signal correction unit corrects the detection signal based on a correction amount determined by the correction amount determination unit. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the correction amount determination unit determines the correction amount based on a ratio between the predetermined reference value and the light amount. The signal processing unit further includes an A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal.
The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the signal correction unit corrects the digital signal based on the light amount. The signal processing unit includes an A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal,
The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the signal correction unit corrects the analog signal based on the light amount. A plurality of the light sources;
The light amount measuring device measures the light amount of light output from each of the plurality of light sources,
The said signal correction | amendment part correct | amends the said detection signal based on the light quantity of the light output from each of these light sources measured by the said light quantity measuring device. Any one of Claim 8 to 14 characterized by the above-mentioned. The photoacoustic apparatus of Claim 1. The detector includes a plurality of the transducers,
The signal correction unit outputs a plurality of corrected detection signals by correcting the detection signals output from each of the plurality of transducers based on the light amount,
16. The image reconstruction processing unit according to claim 8, wherein the image reconstruction processing unit acquires the image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the plurality of corrected detection signals. Photoacoustic device. A light source for irradiating the subject with light;
A detector including a transducer that outputs a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with the light emitted from the light source;
A signal processing unit that acquires information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer;
The signal processing unit
An A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal;
An image reconstruction processing unit for acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the digital signal;
An information acquisition unit that acquires the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the in-plane intensity distribution of the light, and acquires information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution; A photoacoustic apparatus comprising: A light source for irradiating the subject with light;
A detector including a transducer that outputs a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with the light emitted from the light source;
A light amount measuring device for measuring the light amount of the light output from the light source;
A signal processing unit that acquires information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer;
The signal processing unit
An A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal;
An image reconstruction processing unit for acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the digital signal;
A light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on the light amount and an irradiation light amount distribution of the light on the subject surface, and information inside the subject is obtained based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition unit that acquires the photoacoustic apparatus. The information acquisition section, the light intensity, the claim 1 8, characterized in that for obtaining the light intensity distribution within the object based on the attenuation of the irradiation light intensity distribution, and the light on the surface of the object Photoacoustic device. The image reconstruction processing unit acquires the image reconstruction data by converting the digital signal into an initial sound pressure distribution or a light energy absorption density distribution inside the subject. The photoacoustic apparatus as described in. The signal processing unit further includes a correction amount determination unit that determines a correction amount based on a predetermined reference value and the light amount,
The information acquisition unit acquires the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the correction amount determined by the correction amount determination unit and the irradiation light amount distribution on the subject surface. The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 20. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the correction amount determination unit determines the correction amount based on a ratio between the predetermined reference value and the light amount. A plurality of the light sources;
The light amount measuring device measures the light amount of light output from each of the plurality of light sources,
The information acquisition unit includes a light amount distribution on the subject surface of light output from each of the plurality of light sources and a light amount of light output from each of the plurality of light sources measured by the light amount measuring device. The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 22, wherein the light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on the following. Attenuation of light output from each of the plurality of light sources, irradiation light amount distribution of the light output from each of the plurality of light sources on the surface of the subject, measurement of the plurality of light sources measured by the light amount measuring device 24. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on a light amount of light output from each. A light source for irradiating the subject with light;
A detector including a transducer that outputs a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with the light emitted from the light source;
A light amount measuring device for measuring the light amount of the light output from the light source;
A signal processing unit that acquires information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer;
The signal processing unit
A signal correction unit for correcting the detection signal based on the light amount;
An image reconstruction processing unit that acquires image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal corrected by the signal correction unit;
The light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on the irradiation light quantity distribution on the subject surface of the light, and the information inside the subject is acquired based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition unit. A photoacoustic apparatus comprising: The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on an irradiation light amount distribution on the subject surface of the light and attenuation of the light. The image reconstruction processing unit obtains the image reconstruction data inside the subject by converting the detection signal into an initial sound pressure distribution or a light energy absorption density distribution inside the subject. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 25 or 26. The signal processing unit further includes a correction amount determination unit that determines a correction amount based on a predetermined reference value and the light amount,
The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the signal correction unit corrects the detection signal based on a correction amount determined by the correction amount determination unit. The photoacoustic apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the correction amount determination unit determines the correction amount based on a ratio between the predetermined reference value and the light amount. The signal processing unit further includes an A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal.
The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the signal correction unit corrects the digital signal based on the light amount. The signal processing unit includes an A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal,
The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the signal correction unit corrects the analog signal based on the light amount. A plurality of the light sources;
The light amount measuring device measures the light amount of light output from each of the plurality of light sources,
The said signal correction | amendment part correct | amends the said detection signal based on the light quantity of the light output from each of these light sources measured by the said light quantity measuring device. The any one of Claim 25 to 31 characterized by the above-mentioned. The photoacoustic apparatus of Claim 1. The detector includes a plurality of the transducers,
The signal correction unit outputs a plurality of corrected detection signals by correcting the detection signals output from each of the plurality of transducers based on the light amount,
The image reconstruction processing unit acquires the image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the plurality of corrected detection signals. 33. Photoacoustic device. A light source for irradiating the subject with light;
A detector including a transducer that outputs a detection signal by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with the light emitted from the light source;
A signal processing unit that acquires information inside the subject based on the detection signal output from the transducer;
The signal processing unit
An A / D converter that converts the detection signal, which is an analog signal output from the transducer, into a digital signal;
An image reconstruction processing unit for acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the digital signal;
The light intensity distribution inside the subject is acquired based on the irradiation light quantity distribution on the subject surface of the light, and the information inside the subject is acquired based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition unit. A photoacoustic apparatus comprising: The detector includes a plurality of the transducers,
The A / D converter outputs a plurality of digital signals by converting a detection signal, which is an analog signal output from each of the plurality of transducers, into a digital signal,
The image reconstruction processing unit acquires the image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the plurality of digital signals. 35. Any one of claims 1 to 7, 17 to 24, and 34 The photoacoustic apparatus as described in claim | item. 36. The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 35, further comprising a mechanism that scans an incident position at which the light is incident on the subject. The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the information acquisition unit acquires an absorption coefficient distribution inside the subject as information inside the subject. The photoacoustic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the information acquisition unit calculates the light intensity distribution inside the subject by light propagation simulation. An information acquisition method for acquiring information inside the subject based on a detection signal obtained by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with light,
Acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal;
Obtaining a light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the amount of light and the in-plane intensity distribution of the light;
Obtaining information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition method comprising: The step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the light amount, the in-plane intensity distribution, and the attenuation of the light. 39. The information acquisition method according to 39. An information acquisition method for acquiring information inside the subject based on detection signals obtained by detecting acoustic waves generated by irradiating the subject with light at a plurality of positions,
Correcting the detection signal based on the amount of the light;
Acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal corrected in the correcting step;
Obtaining a light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the in-plane intensity distribution of the light;
Obtaining information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition method comprising: The information according to claim 41, wherein the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the in-plane intensity distribution and the attenuation of the light. Acquisition method. An information acquisition method for acquiring information inside the subject based on detection signals obtained by detecting acoustic waves generated by irradiating the subject with light at a plurality of positions,
Obtaining image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal;
Obtaining a light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the in-plane intensity distribution of the light;
Obtaining information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition method comprising: The step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the in-plane intensity distribution and the attenuation of the light in the subject. Item 44. The information acquisition method according to Item 43. An information acquisition method for acquiring information inside the subject based on a detection signal obtained by detecting an acoustic wave generated by irradiating the subject with light,
Acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal;
Obtaining a light intensity distribution inside the subject based on a light amount of the light and an irradiation light amount distribution of the light on the subject surface;
Obtaining information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition method comprising: The step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the light amount, the light amount distribution of the light on the subject surface, and the attenuation of the light. 46. The information acquisition method according to claim 45. An information acquisition method for acquiring information inside the subject based on detection signals obtained by detecting acoustic waves generated by irradiating the subject with light at a plurality of positions,
Correcting the detection signal based on the amount of the light;
Acquiring image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal corrected in the correcting step;
Obtaining a light intensity distribution inside the subject based on an irradiation light amount distribution on the subject surface of the light;
Obtaining information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition method comprising: The step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the light amount distribution of the light on the surface of the subject and the attenuation of the light. The information acquisition method according to claim 47. An information acquisition method for acquiring information inside the subject based on detection signals obtained by detecting acoustic waves generated by irradiating the subject with light at a plurality of positions,
Obtaining image reconstruction data inside the subject based on the detection signal;
Obtaining a light intensity distribution inside the subject based on an irradiation light amount distribution on the subject surface of the light;
Obtaining information inside the subject based on the image reconstruction data and the light intensity distribution. An information acquisition method comprising: The step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution inside the subject based on the light amount distribution of the light on the surface of the subject and the attenuation of the light. The information acquisition method according to claim 48. The information acquiring method according to any one of claims 39 to 50, wherein the step of acquiring the light intensity distribution includes a step of calculating the light intensity distribution inside the subject by light propagation simulation. .   52. A program for causing a computer to execute each step of the information acquisition method according to any one of claims 39 to 51.

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