JP6099741B2 - 二次電池用正極活物質及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6099741B2 JP6099741B2 JP2015520078A JP2015520078A JP6099741B2 JP 6099741 B2 JP6099741 B2 JP 6099741B2 JP 2015520078 A JP2015520078 A JP 2015520078A JP 2015520078 A JP2015520078 A JP 2015520078A JP 6099741 B2 JP6099741 B2 JP 6099741B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- oxide
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- FLAFBICRVKZSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Co]=O.[Li] Chemical compound [Li].[Co]=O.[Li] FLAFBICRVKZSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 sheets Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012488 LiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910006555 Li—Co—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
Li(Co(1−a)Ma)O2 (1)
上記式中、
0.1≦a≦0.2であり、
前記Mは、Mg、Ti、Zr、Al及びSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素である。
Li1+xNiaMnbCo1−(a+b)O2 (2)
上記式中、
−0.2≦x≦0.2、0.5≦a≦0.6、0.2≦b≦0.3である。
(正極活物質の製造)
LiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2とPVdFを混合した後、150℃〜600℃の温度範囲で9時間加熱処理して、表面がF(2000ppm)でコーティングされたLiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2を製造した。
バイモーダル形態の混合正極活物質でない、LiCoO2及び前記LiCoO2と平均粒径がほぼ同じLiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2を混合して、混合正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1及び比較例1の正極活物質に加えた圧力による圧延密度の変化を比較し、その結果を図3に示した。
(正極の製造)
上記実施例1において、Mg(1000ppm)及びTi(1000ppm)でドープし、表面全体をAl(400ppm)でコーティング処理したLiCoO2を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でバイモーダル形態の正極活物質を製造し、前記バイモーダル形態の正極活物質、導電材であるSuper P及びバインダーであるポリビニリデンフルオライド(polyvinylidene fluoride)を重量比96:2:2で混合した後、NMP(N−methyl pyrrolidone)を添加してスラリーを製造した。このような正極スラリーをアルミニウム集電体に塗布した後、120℃の真空オーブンで乾燥して、正極を製造した。
SiとSiO2を1:1のモル比で混合した混合物を800℃で減圧熱処理して、SiO1−x(x=0)を製造した。前記SiO1−x(信越社製)、MAG−V2(日立社製)、及びAGM01(三菱社製)を5:10.6:84.4の割合で混合して、混合負極活物質を製造した。
上記で製造された負極と正極との間に分離膜を介在して電極組立体を製造した。このように製造された電極組立体をアルミニウム缶またはアルミニウムパウチに入れ、電極リードを連結した後、1MのLiPF6が含まれたカーボネート(carbonate)系列の複合溶液を電解質として注入した後、密封して、リチウム二次電池を組み立てた。
実施例1において、Mg(1000ppm)及びTi(1000ppm)でドープし、表面全体をAl(400ppm)でコーティング処理したLiCoO2を使用したこと、及び表面コーティング処理していないLiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2を使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で正極、負極、電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1において、Mg(1000ppm)及びTi(1000ppm)でドープし、表面全体をAl(400ppm)でコーティング処理したLiCoO2を使用したこと、及び表面がF(100ppm)でコーティングされたLiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2を使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で正極、負極、電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1において、Mg(1000ppm)及びTi(1000ppm)でドープし、表面全体をAl(400ppm)でコーティング処理したLiCoO2を使用したこと、及び表面がF(3500ppm)でコーティングされたLiNi0.55Mn0.30Co0.15O2を使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で正極、負極、電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
リチウムニッケル−マンガン−コバルト酸化物の表面コーティングによる効果を確認するために、上記実施例2及び比較例2〜4でそれぞれ製造された電池に対して、温度変化による電池のスウェリング現象による厚さの変化量を比較して、その結果を図4に示し、上記実施例2及び比較例2〜4でそれぞれ製造された電池の放電容量を表1に示す。
110 リチウムニッケル−マンガン−コバルト酸化物
120 リチウムコバルト酸化物
130 コーティング層
140 コーティング層
Claims (10)
- 2.50V〜4.35Vの作動電圧領域を有する二次電池用正極活物質であって、リチウムコバルト系酸化物及び表面処理されたリチウムニッケル系酸化物を含み、前記正極活物質が、前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物の平均粒径とリチウムニッケル系複合酸化物の平均粒径が互いに異なるバイモーダル形態によって、前記バイモーダル形態でない、平均粒径がほぼ同じリチウムコバルト系酸化物とリチウムニッケル系酸化物で構成された正極活物質の圧延密度より高い圧延密度を有し、
前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物が、下記化学式1で表され、
Li(Co(1−a)Ma)O2 (1)
上記式中、
0.1≦a≦0.2であり、
前記Mが、Mg及びTiであり、
前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物が、下記化学式2で表され、前記正極活物質の全重量に対して10〜50重量%含まれており、
Li1+xNiaMnbCo1−(a+b)O2 (2)
上記式中、
−0.2≦x≦0.2、0.5≦a≦0.6、0.2≦b≦0.3であり、
前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物が、表面全体にAl2O3がコーティングされており、Alの含有量は、前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物の全重量に対して0.001〜2000ppmであり、
前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物が、前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物の表面全体にコーティング層を有し、前記コーティング層が、前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物とフッ素含有ポリマーとの反応生成物であり、前記コーティング層のフッ素含有量が、前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物の全重量に対して0.001〜3000ppmであることを特徴とする、正極活物質。 - 前記正極活物質の圧延密度が3.8〜4.0g/ccであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物の平均粒径が16〜25μmであり、前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物の平均粒径が2〜10μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物の平均粒径が2〜10μmであり、前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物の平均粒径が16〜25μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記Alの含有量が350〜500ppmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記Al2O3のコーティング厚さが0.5〜2nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケル系酸化物が、前記正極活物質の全重量に対して20〜40重量%含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記フッ素含有ポリマーがPVdFまたはPVdF−HFPであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記フッ素含有ポリマーがPVdFであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の正極活物質。
- 請求項1に記載の前記正極活物質を含み、作動電圧領域が2.50V〜4.35Vであることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。
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US9825283B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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