JP5908972B2 - 新規な抗原結合タンパク質 - Google Patents
新規な抗原結合タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5908972B2 JP5908972B2 JP2014504022A JP2014504022A JP5908972B2 JP 5908972 B2 JP5908972 B2 JP 5908972B2 JP 2014504022 A JP2014504022 A JP 2014504022A JP 2014504022 A JP2014504022 A JP 2014504022A JP 5908972 B2 JP5908972 B2 JP 5908972B2
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Description
本出願は、電子形式の配列表とともに出願される。配列表は、2012年4月6日に作製され、サイズが14KBである、A−1628−WO−PCT_SeqList.txtと題されるファイルとして提供される。電子形式での配列表の情報は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書の記述は、単に例示および説明であり、特許請求される本発明を限定するものではないことが理解されるであろう。本出願において、単数形の使用は、具体的に別段の記述がない限り、複数形を含む。本出願において、「または」の使用は、別段の記述がない限り「および/または」を意味する。さらに、「含む(including)」という用語、ならびに「含む(includes)」および「含まれる」等の他の形態の使用は、限定的ではない。さらに、「要素」または「構成要素」等の用語は、具体的に別段の記述がない限り、1つの単位を構成する要素および構成要素、ならびに1つを上回る副単位を構成する要素および構成要素の両方を包含する。さらに、「部分」という用語の使用は、ある部分の一部またはその全部分を含み得る。
KRAS遺伝子におけるある特定の突然変異が、抗体等のEGFR阻害剤に対する非応答性の前兆であることが見出された。例えば、Freemanらに対する米国特許第US2008/0293055号“KRAS mutations and Anti−EGFR Antibody Therapy”を参照されたく、この内容は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。G12S、G12V、G12D、G12A、G12C、G13A、G13D、およびT20Mを含むがこれらに限定されない、多数のこのようなKRAS突然変異が識別されている。
・ アルゴリズム:Needleman et al.,1970,J.Mol.Biol.48:443−453
・ 比較マトリックス:Henikoff et al.,1992(上記)のBLOSUM 62
・ ギャップペナルティ:12(終了ギャップはペナルティなしで)
・ ギャップ長ペナルティ:4
・ 類似性の閾値:0
・ 疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile
・ 中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln
・ 酸性:Asp、Glu
・ 塩基性:His、Lys、Arg
・ 鎖配向に影響を与える残基:Gly、Pro
・ 芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
本明細書に記載のように、EGFRに対する抗原結合タンパク質は、ヒト化抗体および/またはその部分を含み得る。このような戦略の重要な実際の適用は、マウス体液性免疫系の「ヒト化」である。
本明細書に記載のように、EGFRに結合する抗原結合タンパク質は、ヒト(すなわち、完全ヒト)抗体および/またはその部分を含み得る。ある特定の実施形態において、重鎖および軽鎖免疫グロブリン分子をコードするヌクレオチド配列、およびそれらを含むアミノ酸配列、特に可変領域に対応する配列が、提供される。ある特定の実施形態において、相補性決定領域(CDR)、特にCDR1からCDR3に対応する配列が提供される。ある特定の実施形態によると、このような免疫グロブリン分子を発現するハイブリドーマ細胞系が提供される。ある特定の実施形態によると、このようなモノクローナル抗体を発現するハイブリドーマ細胞系が提供される。ある特定の実施形態において、ヒトEGFRに対する精製されたヒトモノクローナル抗体が提供される。
提供される他の抗体は、本明細書に記載の可変重鎖および可変軽鎖の組み合わせまたは一部分(subpart)により形成される、上に列挙された抗原結合タンパク質の変異体であり、それぞれがこれらの配列のアミノ酸配列(全配列または配列の一部分のいずれか、例えば、1つ以上のCDR)と、少なくとも50%、50〜60、60〜70、70〜80%、80〜85%、85〜90%、90〜95%、95〜97%、97〜99%、または99%を上回る同一性を有する、可変軽鎖および/または可変重鎖を含む。いくつかの事例において、このような抗体は、少なくとも1つの重鎖および1つの軽鎖を含むが、一方で他の事例においては、変異体形態は、2つの同一の軽鎖および2つの同一の重鎖(またはその一部分)を含有する。
ある特定の実施形態において、抗原結合タンパク質(抗体等)は、抗原(例えば、EGFR)での免疫化によって生成される。ある特定の実施形態において、抗体は、全長EGFR、EGFRの可溶性形態、触媒ドメイン単独、EGFRの成熟形態、EGFRのスプライス変異体形態、またはそれらのフラグメントでの免疫付与によって生成することができる。ある特定の実施形態において、本発明の抗体は、ポリクローナルまたはモノクローナルであってもよく、および/または組み換え抗体であってもよい。ある特定の実施形態において、本発明の抗体は、例えば、ヒト抗体を生成することが可能なトランスジェニック動物の免疫付与によって調製される、ヒト抗体である(例えば、PCT公開出願第W093/12227号を参照されたい)。
ある特定の実施形態において、ファージディスプレイ方法を使用して、モノクローナル抗体を生成する。ある特定の実施形態において、このような技術により、完全ヒトモノクローナル抗体をもたらす。ある特定の実施形態において、一本鎖FabまたはFv抗体フラグメントをコードするポリヌクレオチドは、ファージ粒子の表面上に発現される。例えば、Hoogenboom et al.,J.Mol.Biol.,227:381(1991)、Marks et al.,J Mol Biol.222:581(1991)、米国特許第5,885,793号を参照されたい。ある特定の実施形態において、ファージを「スクリーニング」して、標的に対して親和性を有する抗体フラグメントを識別する。したがって、ある特定のこのようなプロセスは、糸状バクテリオファージの表面上での抗体フラグメントレパートリーの提示、およびその後の標的へのそれらの結合によるファージの選択を通じて免疫選択を模倣する。ある特定のこのような手順において、高親和性の機能性中和抗体フラグメントを単離する。ある特定のこのような実施形態(以下にさらに詳細に説明される)において、ヒト抗体遺伝子の完全なレパートリーは、自然に再配列される末梢血リンパ球由来のヒトV遺伝子をクローニングすることによって作製される。例えば、Mullinax et al.,Proc Natl Acad Sci(USA),87:8095−8099(1990)を参照されたい。
抗EGFR抗体が結合するエピトープが、説明されている。Freeman et al.,Journal of Clinical Oncol.,26:14536(2008)、ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings。いくつかの実施形態において、EGFRエピトープに結合するか、またはEGFR抗体エピトープに競合的に結合する抗原結合タンパク質が、有用である。
いくつかの実施形態において、1つを上回るEGFRに対する抗原結合タンパク質を使用して、EGFR活性を調節する。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載の抗原結合タンパク質は、EGFRのレベルの変化と関連する疾患または障害をスクリーニング/診断するために、哺乳動物組織または細胞中のEGFRの検出のためのアッセイキットおよび/または方法において使用または提供される。キットは、EGFRに結合する抗原結合タンパク質、ならびに抗原結合タンパク質のEGFRへの結合、および、存在する場合は、任意にEGFRタンパク質レベルを示すための方法を含む。抗原結合タンパク質の存在を示すための種々の方法が、使用可能である。例えば、フルオロフォア、他の分子プローブ、または酵素を、抗原結合タンパク質に結合させることができ、抗原結合タンパク質の存在を、種々の方法で観察することができる。このような障害のスクリーニング方法は、キットの使用を伴い得るか、または開示される抗原結合タンパク質のうちの1つの単純な使用、および抗原結合タンパク質が試料中のEGFRに結合するかどうかの判定を伴い得る。当業者には理解されるように、高いかまたは上昇したEGFRレベルは、試料中のEGFRに結合している抗原結合タンパク質の量がより多いことにつながるであろう。したがって、抗原結合タンパク質の結合の程度は、試料中にあるEGFRの量の判定に使用することができる。所定の量(例えば、EGFR関連障害を有しない人物が有するであろう量または範囲)を上回る量のEGFRを有する対象または試料は、EGFおよび/またはEGFR媒介性障害を有するとして特徴づけることができる。
突然変異生成
パニツムマブ(配列番号1および2)の重鎖および軽鎖アミノ酸配列を、突然変異生成の出発物質として使用した。PCRのプライマーは、Stratagene(現Agilent Technologies,Inc.,Santa Clara,CA)からのQuik Change II XL(登録商標)Site Directed Mutagenesis Kitを使用して、部位特異的突然変異生成を行うように設計した。製造業者の手順に従って、PCR反応を、オリゴヌクレオチドを使用して構築し、それを使用して、XL−Goldウルトラコンピテント細胞(ultra−competent cell)を形質転換させた。これらの細胞を、次いで、TIM選択的プレートに蒔いた。このプレートを、一晩37℃で放置し、コロニーを形成させた。各構築物から2つのコロニーを採取し、TIMプレートで再ストリークした。各構築物の1つのコロニーを、次いで、マキシプレップ(maxiprep)用に構築した。マキシプレップに配列決定を行い、100%一致した。Sal I−Not Iでの消化をマキシプレップに行い、目的のフラグメントを選択した。2つの制限末端を、Sal I−Not Iで消化させたpDC414に連結させた。新しい連結を、DH10Bコンピテント細胞に形質転換させ、TIM選択プレート上に蒔いた。プレートを、次に、37℃で一晩放置し、コロニーを形成させた。複数のコロニーを、挿入について試験するために消化させた。各突然変異に対して1つのマキシプレップを作製した:pDC414−AMG954 Asp92−Glu、およびpDC414−AMG954 Asp92−Asn。マキシプレップに配列決定を行い、100%一致した。メガプレップを、293(E)細胞を使用して一過的にトランスフェクトした。細胞を7日間培養し、その後で採取した。発現された抗体を、プロテインAカラムおよび標準技術を使用して上清から精製した。
結果として得られた分子を、次いで、変性させて還元し、スルフヒドリルをアルキル化した。還元してアルキル化した分子を、ゲル濾過によって脱塩し、次いで、酵素的に脱グリコシル化した。還元してアルキル化し、脱グリコシル化した分子を、次いで、Lys−Cまたはトリプシンエンドプロテアーゼで消化させた。反応物に、反応停止処理を行い、結果として得られたフラグメントを、Lys−C消化にはポリマーカラム(Grace−Vydac,Deerfield,IL)を使用し、トリプシン消化にはUPLC BEH Amideカラム(Waters,Milford,MA)を使用して、アセトニトリル/TFA勾配中で逆相HPLCによって分離した。ペプチド溶出を、UV検出によって監視した。Lys−Cペプチドマップによって検出された、Vectibix(登録商標)(パニツムマブ)D92異性化の結果を、図1に記載する。
構造モデル
Vectibix(登録商標)(パニツムマブ)の構造を、Molecular Operating Environment(MOE)ソフトウェア(Chemical Computing Group,Montreal,Canada)を使用して分析した。異性化を、MOE内で、必要な原子結合を切断および形成することによって、手作業でモデル化した。特異的突然変異を、MOEモデリングソフトウェアに組み込まれた突然変異能力を使用して、モデル化した。結果を、図2に記載する。
加速安定性研究
Vectibix(登録商標)(パニツムマブ)の安定性研究を、50mM酢酸ナトリウムおよび100mM塩化ナトリウム中で、pH5.8で6か月間、37℃で行った。異性化を加速させるために、突然変異体を、pH5.0で、10mMグルタミン酸、2.6%w/vグリセロール中に緩衝液交換し、50℃で4週間、昇温に供した。結果を図3に記載する。
バイオアッセイ
リン酸化バイオアッセイ。使用したリン酸化バイオアッセイは、EGFに誘導されたEGF受容体のチロシンリン酸化の検出に基づいたものであった。Vectibix(登録商標)(パニツムマブ)は、EGF受容体に結合し、EGF結合を阻害し、したがって、受容体のリン酸化を阻害する。細胞表面EGF受容体を発現するA431細胞を、固定量のEGFおよび種々の量のVectibix(登録商標)とともにマイクロタイタープレート中でインキュベートした。細胞を、溶解し、可溶性EGF受容体を、抗EGF受容体抗体でコーティングした第2のマイクロタイターELISAプレート上で捕捉した。リン酸化されたEGF受容体を、HRPと抱合された抗ホスホチロシン抗体、続いて発色性基質の添加を用いて検出した。色の展開を、次いで、吸光プレートリーダーを使用して測定した。相対的有効性を、平行線分析によって判定した。
Claims (7)
- 配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖、および重鎖を含む抗原結合タンパク質であって、前記抗原結合タンパク質はEGFRのEGFへの結合を低減させ、前記重鎖は配列番号1の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の同一性を有しおよび配列番号1のCDR1から3を含み、ならびに、前記抗原がEGFRである、前記抗原結合タンパク質。
- 前記抗原結合タンパク質は、モノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメントであり、前記フラグメントは少なくとも100のアミノ酸長である、請求項1に記載の抗原結合タンパク質。
- 前記抗原結合タンパク質は、ヒト抗体、ヒト化抗体、キメラ抗体、多特異性抗体、またはそれらのフラグメントであり、前記フラグメントは少なくとも100のアミノ酸長である、請求項1に記載の抗原結合タンパク質。
- 前記抗体は、ヒト抗体である、請求項3に記載の抗原結合タンパク質。
- 重鎖および軽鎖を含む抗原結合タンパク質であって、前記抗原結合タンパク質はEGFRのEGFへの結合を低減させ、前記重鎖は配列番号1の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の同一性を有しおよび配列番号1のCDR1から3を含み、前記軽鎖は配列番号3の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の同一性を有しおよび配列番号3のCDR1から3を含み、ならびに、前記抗原がEGFRである前記抗原結合タンパク質。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つの抗原結合タンパク質と、薬学的に許容される賦形剤と、を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 放射性同位体、放射性核種、毒素、治療剤、または化学療法剤をさらに含む、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
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SG (1) | SG194111A1 (ja) |
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EP2694552A1 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
TW201305213A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
CN103619881A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
CN103619881B (zh) | 2017-07-28 |
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EP2694552B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
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JP2014516250A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
CA2831957A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
SG194111A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
US8628773B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
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