JP5787323B2 - 脂質膜構造体 - Google Patents
脂質膜構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5787323B2 JP5787323B2 JP2012512697A JP2012512697A JP5787323B2 JP 5787323 B2 JP5787323 B2 JP 5787323B2 JP 2012512697 A JP2012512697 A JP 2012512697A JP 2012512697 A JP2012512697 A JP 2012512697A JP 5787323 B2 JP5787323 B2 JP 5787323B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lipid membrane
- membrane structure
- lipid
- peg
- ligand
- Prior art date
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Description
(a)標的細胞選択性リガンドが結合したポリアルキレングリコール;及び
(b)複数個のアルギニン残基を含むポリペプチド
で修飾された脂質膜構造体が提供される。
リン脂質及びリン脂質誘導体としては、例えば、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファリジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルグリセロール、カルジオリピン、スフィンゴミエリン、セラミドホスホリルエタノールアミン、セラミドホスホリルグリセロール、セラミドホスホリルグリセロールホスファート、1,2-ジミリストイル-1,2-デオキシホスファチジルコリン、プラスマロゲン、ホスファチジン酸などを挙げることができ、これらは1種又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらリン脂質における脂肪酸残基は特に限定されないが、例えば、炭素数12〜20の飽和又は不飽和の脂肪酸残基を挙げることができ、具体的には、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸などの脂肪酸由来のアシル基を挙げることができる。また、卵黄レシチン、大豆レシチンなどの天然物由来のリン脂質を用いることもできる。
飽和又は不飽和の脂肪酸としては、例えば、パルミチン酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキドン酸、ミリスチン酸などの炭素数12〜20の飽和又は不飽和の脂肪酸が挙げられる。
例1
(1)材料と方法
(a)ペプチドリガンドを用いたリポソームの調製
システイン残基を末端に有するリガンドペプチド(CYGGRGNG)のチオール基と、マレイミド基を末端に有するPEG脂質誘導体Mal-PEG-DSPEを1:1(モル比)で混合し、24時間振とうすることで、ペプチド結合PEG脂質誘導体Pep-PEG-DSPEを得た。卵黄ホスファチジルコリン(以下、「EPC」と略記する)とコレステロール(以下、「Chol」と略記する)、及びローダミン標識1,2-ジオレイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホエタノールアミン(以下、「Rho-DOPE」と略記する)の3種の脂質でリポソームを調製し、Pep-PEG-DSPE及びステアリル化テトラアルギニン(以下、「STR-R4」と略記する)を必要量、後修飾法で添加することでリポソームを調製した。
1,2-ジオレイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホエタノールアミン(以下、「DOPE」と略記する)、Chol及びステアリル化オクタアルギニン(以下、「STR-R8」と略記する)の3種の脂質を含有した脂質エンベロープに、プラスミドDNA(pDNA)をポリエチレンイミン(PEI)で凝縮化したコア粒子を封入してpDNA封入リポソーム調製した。ベースの脂質組成はDOPE、Chol、及びSTR-R8を70:20:10((モル比) の組成比となるように調整した。
MS-1細胞を24 well-plateに4×104 cells/wellの細胞密度となるように播種し、24時間後にPBS(-)でwellを洗浄し、蛍光標識リポソームを含むkrebs buffer 500μl/well(脂質濃度0.12 mM)を添加した後、37℃で3時間インキュベートした。リポソームを除去し、krebs bufferで洗浄後、Reporter Lysis Buffer(70μl/well)を添加して-80℃で20分以上静置した。解凍後、セルスクレーパーで細胞を回収し、4℃、15000 rpm、5分間遠心した。上清50μlを純水で2倍希釈した後、蛍光強度を測定した(Ex./Em.=555/575 nm)。
HeLa細胞を24 well-plateに4×104 cells/wellの細胞密度となるように播種し、24時間後にPBS(-)でwellを洗浄し、pDNA封入リポソームを添加した10%血清含有DMEMを300μl/well(0.4μg pDNA/well)添加し後、37℃で3時間インキュベーションした。pDNA封入リポソームを含むDMEMを除去し、10%血清含有DMEMを1 ml/well添加し、37℃で21時間インキュベーションした。PBSで洗浄後、Reporter Lysis Buffer(70μl/well)を添加して-80℃で20分以上静置した。解凍後、セルスクレーパーで細胞を回収し、4℃、15000 rpm、5分間遠心した後、上清のルシフェラーゼ活性及びタンパク量を測定してルシフェラーゼ発現量を算出した。
(a)ペプチドリガンドによるリポソームの細胞内取り込み
調製したリポソームは組成によらず100 nm前後の粒子径を示し、ゼータ電位はほぼ中性を示した(表1)。ペプチドリガンドとして用いたNGRモチーフを有するペプチドは腫瘍血管内皮マーカーであるCD13を特異的に認識することが知られている。リガンドであるNGRモチーフ-PEG脂質誘導体を修飾したリポソームの細胞内取り込み量は、リガンドなしのPEG脂質を修飾した場合と比較して大きく変化することはなかった(図1A, white bars vs. black bars)。また、PEG修飾量依存的にその取り込みは減少した(図1A)。また、リポソームにSTR-R4を0.25mol%修飾することにより取り込み量は上昇するが、PEGを修飾すると濃度依存的に取り込みは減少した(図1B、white bars)。一方、PEGにNGRリガンドを結合させ、STR-R4とともにリポソームを修飾をした場合には、10 mol%まで細胞内取り込み量は上昇した(図1B、black bars)。
pDNAコアの平均粒子径は88±6 nm、ゼータ電位は-25±8 mVであった。pDNAコア封入R8リポソームは高いゼータ電位を示したが、PEG修飾依存的にゼータ電位は減少した(表2)。また、粒子径はPEG修飾により若干減少するものの、大きな変化は認められなかった。これらのpDNAコア封入R8リポソームをHeLa細胞にトランスフェクションして得られた遺伝子発現活性を図3に示す。PEGの修飾により、R8リポソームの遺伝子発現活性は大きく減少した。
(1)材料と方法
(a)ペプチドリガンドを用いたリポソームの調製
システイン残基を末端に有するリガンドペプチド(CYGGRGNG)のシステイン残基(C)中のチオール基と、マレイミド基を末端に有するPEG脂質誘導体Mal-PEG-DSPEをモル比1:1で混合し24時間室温で振とうし、ペプチド結合PEG脂質誘導体(Pep-PEG-DSPE)を得た。 EPC及びCholをモル比7:3で混合しRho-DOPEを1mol%加えてリポソームを調製し、Pep-PEG-DSPE及びSTR-R4を必要量、後修飾法で添加することでペプチド結合PEG及びR4で修飾されたリポソーム(Dual-ligand型リポソーム)を調製した。
BALB/cAJcl (4週齢、雄性、日本クレア) の左背部皮下にOSRC-II(ヒト腎細胞癌由来細胞)を移植し、担癌モデルマウスを作成した。腫瘍体積が80〜120 mm3に成長した担癌モデルマウスに対してジエチルエーテル麻酔下で蛍光標識リポソームを尾静脈より投与した(投与volume 200 μL/mouse)。24時間後にジエチルエーテル麻酔下で癌組織を回収した。回収した癌組織をPBS(-)で洗浄し、予め染色液を加えたPBS(-)に添加し、一時間、遮光下及び室温で静置した。染色液はPBS(-)にHoechst 33342(終濃度40 μM)及びIsolectin-Alexa647(終濃度20 μg/mL)を加えて調製した。染色した癌組織をPBS(-)で洗浄した後、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(Nikon A1)を用いて、投与した蛍光標識リポソームの癌組織における局在を観察した。
Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine(以下「HSPC」と略記する)とCholを7:3のモル比で混合しリポソームを調製し、pH勾配法でドキソルビシンをリポソーム内に封入した。その後、PEG-DSPEまたはPep-PEG-DSPEおよび下STR-R4を必要量、後修飾法で添加することでドキソルビシン(Dox)封入Dual-ligand型リポソームを調製した。
DoxilはMol. Phram., 6, pp.246-254, 2009に報告されている方法に従って作成した。HSPCとChol、PEG-DSPEをモル比3:2:0.265で混合しリポソームを調製後、pH勾配法でドキソルビシンを封入した。まず、ガラス試験管に脂質溶液 (HSPC、Chol、PEG-DSPEのエタノール溶液)を総量600 μmol/600 μLとなるように添加し、等量のクロロホルムを添加し攪拌後、窒素ガス雰囲気下又は減圧下で溶媒を留去した。得られた脂質フィルムに対して、脂質濃度20.0 mMとなるように硫酸アンモニウム(155 mM、pH 5.5)を添加し、室温で10分間水和後、バス型ソニケーターで超音波処理し、さらにプローブ型ソニケーターにより超音波処理することでSUVリポソームを調製した。Sephadex(登録商標) G-25 Fineを用いてゲル濾過を行い、外水相を硫酸アンモニウムからPBS(-)へと置換した。コレステロール定量を行い、リポソーム溶液に含まれる総脂質濃度を計算し、適量のDox溶液(3 mg/mL in PBS(-))を添加し、60℃で1時間攪拌振とうし、ドキソルビシンをリポソームの内水相に封入した。ドキソルビシン封入後、リポソームに封入されていないFree ドキソルビシンを除去するために26℃、1時間、1000 Gで限外濾過(amicon centrifugal filter units)を行った。ドキソルビシン溶液(3 mg/mL in PBS(-))を0.0006、0.0015、0.006、0.015 mg/mLとなるようにメタノールで希釈系列を作成し検量線を作成した。ドキソルビシン封入リポソーム10μLにメタノール990μL加え、リポソームを希釈した。各サンプルの蛍光強度を測定し(Ex./Em.=450/590 nm)、検量線より、リポソームに封入されているドキソルビシン濃度を測定した。
BALB/cAJcl (4週齢、雄性、日本クレア) の左背部皮下にOSRC-II(ヒト腎細胞癌由来細胞)を移植し、担癌モデルマウスを作成した。腫瘍体積が80〜120 mm3に成長した担癌モデルマウスをジエチルエーテル麻酔下で、調製したドキソルビシン封入リポソームを尾静脈より投与(投与volume 200 μL/mouse)を2回行った(Day0およびDay3)。投与後、経時的に腫瘍体積を測定した。
腫瘍体積の算出法:volume=長径×短径2×0.5
1) Dual-ligand型リポソームを用いた抗腫瘍効果
ドキソルビシンを封入した腫瘍血管内皮細胞指向性のDual-ligand型リポソームはLarge size (約300 nm)のほうがSmall size(100 nm)に比べて高い抗腫瘍性を示した。また、Large sizeリポソームの投与量を6.0 mg/kgとしたときには投与量1.0 mg/kgの場合に比べて高い抗腫瘍活性が認められた(図5)。Large sizeリポソーム(投与量6.0 mg/kg)は臨床応用されているドキシル(粒子径100 nm)よりも高い抗腫瘍作用を示した。また、リガンド結合PEG及びR4で修飾したDual-ligand型リポソームはPEGのみ又はリガンド結合PEGのみで修飾したリポソーム、又はPEG及びR4で修飾したリポソーム(いずれもLarge size)に比べて強い抗腫瘍活性を示した(図6)。
PEGのみで修飾したリポソーム及びPEG及びR4で修飾したリポソームではリポソームの存在を示す赤色のシグナルは腫瘍血管内皮細胞にはほとんど認められなかった(それぞれ図7及び9)。また、リガンドペプチド結合PEGで修飾したリポソームではシグナルのわずかな増加が認められるものの変化はほとんど認められなかった(図8)。一方、リガンド結合PEG及びR4で修飾したDual型のリポソームでは腫瘍血管内皮細胞において多数のシグナルの存在が認められた(図10)。この結果から、本発明のリポソームが腫瘍血管内皮細胞に対して高い標的移行性を有していることが示された。
Claims (15)
- 標的細胞に物質を送達するための脂質膜構造体であって、脂質膜構造体の表面が下記の(a)及び(b):
(a)標的細胞選択性リガンドが結合したポリアルキレングリコール;及び
(b)複数個のアルギニン残基を含むポリペプチド
で修飾された脂質膜構造体。 - 脂質膜構造体がリポソームである請求項1に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 標的細胞選択性リガンドが標的細胞の細胞膜外側に発現しているレセプターに特異的に結合可能なリガンドである請求項1又は2のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 上記(a)ポリアルキレングリコールの先端部に標的細胞選択性リガンドが結合した請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 上記(a)ポリアルキレングリコール及び(b)ポリペプチドが疎水性基で修飾されており、前記疎水性基が脂質膜に挿入された請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 上記(b)ポリペプチドが4ないし20個の連続したアルギニン残基を含むポリペプチドである請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 上記(a)ポリアルキレングリコールがポリエチレングリコールである請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 送達すべき物質が内部に封入された請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 内部に遺伝子を含む核酸及びカチオン性ポリマーが封入された請求項8に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 内部に抗腫瘍剤が封入された請求項8に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 抗腫瘍剤がドキソルビシンである請求項10に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 標的細胞選択性リガンドがリガンドペプチドである請求項10に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- リポソーム形態である請求項10ないし12のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 粒子径が200 nm〜400 nmの範囲である請求項13に記載の脂質膜構造体。
- 請求項8ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の脂質膜構造体を有効成分として含む医薬組成物。
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2011
- 2011-02-23 US US13/642,699 patent/US20130195962A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-23 JP JP2012512697A patent/JP5787323B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-23 WO PCT/JP2011/053963 patent/WO2011135905A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP2004010481A (ja) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-01-15 | Mebiopharm Co Ltd | リポソーム製剤 |
WO2005032593A1 (ja) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-04-14 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 核移行能を有するポリアルギニン修飾リポソーム |
JP2007099750A (ja) * | 2005-02-25 | 2007-04-19 | Hokkaido Univ | 腫瘍組織で選択的に分解性を示す血中滞留性素子 |
WO2006095837A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | National University Corporation Hokkaido University | 目的物質をミトコンドリア内に送達可能な脂質膜構造体 |
WO2009131216A1 (ja) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | 国立大学法人 北海道大学 | オリゴアルキレングリコールで修飾された脂質膜構造体 |
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JPN6010067013; 畠山浩人, 外3名: '腫瘍特異的に分解されるPEG脂質誘導体を用いた全身投与型腫瘍遺伝子デリバリーシステムの開発' YAKUGAKU ZASSHI Vol.127, No.10, 2007, p.1549-1556 * |
JPN6015002339; 原島 秀吉, 外3名: '多機能性エンベロープ型人工遺伝子デリバリーシステムの創製' YAKUGAKU ZASSHI Vol.127, No.10, 20070625, 1655-1672 * |
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WO2011135905A1 (ja) | 2011-11-03 |
JPWO2011135905A1 (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
US20130195962A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
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