JP5657986B2 - crane - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crane having a head block suspended from a trolley as a cargo handling device for handling a marine transport container, and a spreader connected below the head block.

  Quay cranes (bridge cranes) and portal cranes (hereinafter referred to as cranes) are used for cargo handling of marine transport containers. FIG. 6 shows a spreader 1X and a head block 2X included in a quay crane or a portal crane. As shown in FIG. 6, the spreader 1X is connected below the head block 2X. The spreader 1X includes a plurality of guide members (hereinafter referred to as flippers) 3X for guiding the spreader 1X onto the container 40. Moreover, the spreader 1X has the expansion-contraction arm 42 (for example, refer FIG. 4 of patent document 1, patent document 2, and FIG. 1 of patent document 3). The telescopic arm 42 is configured to expand and contract by a power mechanism such as a hydraulic unit or an electric mechanism mounted on the spreader 1X.

  The expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction arm 42 is performed by transmitting power and an instruction signal from the crane operation room to the power mechanism of the spreader 1X via the head block 2X. This transmission is performed via a cable 43 such as hydraulic pressure and electricity.

  The crane can handle containers 40 having different lengths by extending and contracting the extendable arms 42. The main container 40 has a total length of 20 ft or 40 ft. There are also containers of different sizes such as 45 ft. Furthermore, as described in Patent Document 3, two 20ft containers can be handled at the same time.

  On the other hand, the flipper 3X installed in the spreader 1X has a structure that turns in the vertical direction by a hydraulic unit or an electric actuator. The flipper 3X has a structure that turns to avoid contact with a cell guide installed in the hold of the container ship. The cell guide is installed in order to prevent the container from slipping during voyage. Power supply to the electric actuator that turns the flipper 3X is configured to be supplied from the head block 2X to the spreader 1X via a contact electrode or the like.

  However, the spreader 1X has the following problems. First, there is a problem that the weight of the spreader 1X is large and the energy efficiency in the cargo handling operation is low. That is, the crane must always wind up the container 40 and the hoisting tools (spreader 1X, head block 2X, etc.) having the same weight as the container 40.

  The crane needs energy to wind up the hanger and energy to operate the telescopic arm, and energy consumption is increasing. Although there are differences depending on the size of the crane, for example, the weight of the spreader 1X having a power mechanism is about 10 to 15t, and the head block 2X for holding the spreader 1X is about 3 to 5t. The maximum total weight of the container body and the loaded cargo for both the 20 ft container and the 40 ft container is about 35 t, and the average is about 20 t. Usually, 20ft containers are used for high-density cargo, and 40ft containers are used for low-density cargo.

Secondly, when the spreader 1X is exchanged, there is a problem that an operator needs to connect the spreader 1X and the head block 2X. For this reason, labor costs are required, and much time is required for the replacement work. In other words, the connecting operation between the spreader 1X and the head block 2X requires a connecting operation in order to transmit power from the head block 2X to the spreader 1X in addition to the structural connection operation.

  Specifically, hydraulic coupling or power cable connection work is required. The spreader 1X is a consumable item that has a high possibility of colliding with the container 40 and the like during cargo handling work and is likely to be deformed, and often needs to be replaced.

  Third, there is a problem that the operation of the flipper becomes unstable. That is, the contact-type electrode between the spreader and the head block is temporarily cut, and the flipper does not operate. This is because the spreader and the head block are subjected to an impact of 10 G or more due to contact with the container or the like, and the contact of the electrodes cannot be maintained by this impact. In addition, the electric actuator installed in the spreader has a problem that it deteriorates due to impact, wind and rain, etc., causing malfunction.

Japanese Patent No. 3026495 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-41084 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-194657

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crane having a head block suspended from a trolley as a cargo handling device for handling a marine transport container and a spreader connected to the lower side of the head block. Is to reduce the spreader weight and to provide a crane with improved crane energy efficiency. It is another object of the present invention to provide a crane capable of performing a spreader replacement operation by one crane operator. Furthermore, it is providing the crane which improved the stability of the operation | movement of a flipper.

Crane according to the present invention for achieving the above object, in a crane having a head blocks suspended from the trolley as a handling device for handling a marine shipping container, and a spreader coupled below the head block, the spreader has an actuating member which is disposed an operation wire coupled to a plurality of guide members and the guide member for guiding the scan spreader on the container to the operation wire, wherein the head block is the work and a plurality of driving devices to operate respectively coupled to the moving member to transmit power to the work moving member the plurality of connection portions and the consolidated portion, respectively, the driving device is a hydraulic or electric cylinder, the The connecting portion is a rod-like body having a bent tip, and the tip of the connecting portion is inserted into an opening of the operating member, and the hydraulic pressure or The expansion and contraction of the acting cylinder, wherein it has a configuration that transmits to the operating wire.

  With this configuration, a power mechanism mounted on the spreader becomes unnecessary, and the spreader can be reduced in weight. By reducing the weight of the spreader, the energy efficiency of the crane can be improved. Further, when connecting the spreader and the head block, a connecting operation such as a hydraulic hose or a power cable is not necessary, so that one crane operator can perform the connecting operation.

Furthermore, the power connection between the spreader and the head block is realized by a structure in which the connecting portion is inserted into the opening of the operating member. Therefore, when the spreader and the head block are aligned and connected, the connection between the actuating member and the connecting portion can be automatically realized. Since this power connection is structurally simple and stable, the operation of the guide member (flipper) can be stabilized. The operation wire can be formed of a string-like object such as a metal strand, a chain, or a rope.

  In the crane described above, the crane includes at least a 20 ft container spreader and a 40 ft container spreader, and any one of the spreaders is connected to the head block. With this configuration, the crane can handle containers of different sizes as before.

  In the crane described above, at least a part of the operation wire is arranged in a frame constituting the spreader. With this configuration, since the operation wire 4 is not exposed to wind and rain, durability can be improved. In addition, it is possible to reduce the possibility of failure due to contact with a container or the like during cargo handling.

In the above crane, the spreader and at least four of said guide member, and the operating wire are respectively connected to the guide member, and a said actuating member respectively installed on the operation wire, in the operation member According to the transmitted power, it is also possible to independently control the use state in which the plurality of guide members are lowered downward or the standby state in which the guide members are flipped up through the operation wire . With this configuration, the same effects as described above can be obtained.

  According to the crane of the present invention, it is possible to provide a crane that realizes weight reduction of the spreader and improves the energy efficiency of the crane. Further, it is possible to provide a crane capable of performing a spreader replacement operation by one crane operator. Furthermore, the crane which improved the operation | movement stability of the flipper can be provided.

It is the figure which showed the outline of the spreader of the crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the outline of the head block of the crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of the spreader and guide member of the crane of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a side view of the spreader and guide member of the crane of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a top view of a spreader and a guide member of a crane of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is the schematic of the conventional spreader and a head block.

Hereinafter, a crane according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an outline of the spreader 1. The spreader 1 includes a plurality of guide members (hereinafter referred to as flippers) 3 for guiding the spreader 1 onto the container 40, a plurality of operation wires 4 for jumping up the flipper 3 (turning up and down), Each of the operation wires 4 has an operating member 12 installed at the other end. The flipper 3 has a contact plate 60 that comes into contact with the container, and a rotating shaft 61 that serves as an axis for flipping up the flipper 3. The operating member 12 has an opening 13. The opening 13 is preferably formed in a tapered shape with the upper side expanded. Reference numeral 17 denotes a frame of the spreader 1, and reference numeral 14 denotes a twist lock for connecting the spreader 1 and the container.

Further, the flipper 3 at the back in FIG. 1 shows a state of being flipped up (standby state), and the flipper 3 at the front of FIG. 1 is in a state of being lowered (use state). When the operation member 12 is pulled in the right direction, as shown by an arrow shown in FIG. 1, for example, the flipper 3 jumps up by the movement of the operation wire 4 in the use state (refer to the front of FIG. 1). (Turns about 180 degrees). The operation wire 4 is guided by pulleys (sieves) 34 and 37.

  Further, it is desirable that at least a 20 ft container spreader and a 40 ft container spreader are prepared for one crane, and the cargo handling can be performed while appropriately changing the spreader 1 according to the size of the container 40. . In addition, you may form the space which mounts the spreader which is not used in a part of crane structure.

  FIG. 2 shows an outline of the head block 2. FIG. 2 shows the lower surface side of the head block 2 and shows a state in which a part thereof is broken. The head block 2 includes a head block coupling twist lock 30 for connection to the spreader 1, a plurality of connection portions 31 that are connected to the operation member 12 of the spreader 1 and transmit power to the operation member 12, and connection portions A plurality of driving devices 32 for operating the respective 31 are provided.

  The head block coupling twist lock 30 is a mechanism for structurally connecting and disconnecting the spreader 1 and the head block 2. Moreover, the connection part 31 is a rod-shaped body which bent the front-end | tip, for example. The distal end portion of the connecting portion 31 is configured to be fitted into the opening portion 13 of the operating member 12, and is preferably configured in a tapered shape. Furthermore, the drive device 32 is configured by, for example, a hydraulic or electric cylinder, and is configured to be able to move the connecting portion 31 as indicated by an arrow, for example. Here, the head block coupling twist lock 30 that connects the spreader 1 and the head block 2 can be the same as the container gripping twist lock 14 that connects the spreader 1 and the container 40.

  3 and 4 are enlarged views of the spreader 1 and the guide member (flipper) 3. FIG. 3 shows the use state of the flipper 3, and FIG. 4 shows the standby state in which the flipper 3 is flipped up. The flipper 3 has, for example, a contact plate 60 having a shape corresponding to a corner of the container, and a rotation shaft 61 serving as a central axis when the flipper 3 is operated. One end of the operation wire 4 is fixed to the rotating shaft 61, and the other end is fixed to the operating member 12 (not shown) via a sheave 34 and a sheave 37 (not shown).

  It is desirable that an elastic body is installed on the flipper 3 so that the flipper 3 is kept in a lowered state (use state). With this configuration, only when the operation wire 4 is pulled, the flipper 3 turns upward and enters a standby state, and when the tension on the operation wire 4 is released, the flipper 3 is lowered (used state). Can be configured. In addition, when the tension | tensile_strength is not applied to the operation wire 4, you may comprise the flipper 3 in a standby state, and when the operation wire 4 is pulled, the flipper 3 will be in a use state. The elastic body only needs to have a configuration that gives a restoring force to the flipper 3. Specifically, the elastic body can be configured by installing a spiral spring in the rotating shaft 61 or installing a coil spring in the flipper 3.

  The contact plate 60 of the flipper 3 may be formed in a flat plate shape so as to correspond to the four sides of the container. Further, the corner flipper shown in FIG. 3 and a flat flipper may be combined.

Next, the operation of the spreader 1, the head block 2, and the flipper 3 accompanying the crane handling operation will be described. FIG. 5 schematically shows the planes of the spreader 1 and the flipper 3. When the crane performs a cargo handling operation, the spreader 1 and the head block 2 are connected. The spreader 1 and the head block 2 are connected structurally via a head block coupling twist lock 30 of the head block 2, and the connecting portion 31 is fitted into the opening 13 to be connected dynamically (FIG. 1 and FIG. 1). 2).

  When handling the container 40, first, the spreader 1 and the head block 2 are lowered onto the container 40. At this time, an arbitrary one of the flippers 3 that are in a standby state that is flipped upward is lowered to be used. Specifically, the drive device (for example, a cylinder mechanism or the like) 32 corresponding to the flipper 3 to be used is operated and pulled to the right in FIG. 5, for example. Due to the movement of the operation wire 4, the flipper 3 is lowered and put into use. The crane operator applies the flipper 3 to the container 40 to operate the spreader 1 on the container 40.

  Then, the container gripping twist lock 14 of the spreader 1 is inserted into the twist locking hole of the container 40. The container grip twist lock 14 rotates to complete the connection between the spreader 1 and the container 40. Note that the direction of the operation indicated by the arrow is determined for convenience, and the configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-described direction.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, the weight of the spreader 1 can be reduced, and the energy efficiency of the crane can be improved. That is, since the power mechanism such as a hydraulic unit or an electric mechanism is not mounted on the spreader 1, the weight of the spreader 1 can be reduced. Specifically, the spreader, which was conventionally about 15 t, can be reduced to about 4 t with a 20 ft container spreader and about 5 t with a 40 ft container spreader.

  Secondly, the connecting operation of the spreader 1 and the head block 2 can be performed by one crane operator. This is because the dynamic connection between the spreader 1 and the head block 2 can be realized by fitting the tip of the connecting portion 31 into the opening 13 of the operating member 12.

  Third, containers of different sizes (eg 20ft or 40ft) can be handled. This is because 20 ft and 40 ft container spreaders prepared for each crane can be exchanged by one crane operator. For example, in the case of unloading from a container ship, since the containers 40 of the same size are arranged in each row (called a bay) for handling, the size change (exchange operation) of the spreader 1 is not so frequent.

  Therefore, the time for replacing the spreader 1 is very small. That is, the cargo handling efficiency is hardly lowered by this time. Since the 45 ft container has a twist lock hole at the same position as the 40 ft container, it can be handled with a 40 ft container spreader.

  Fourthly, the stability of the operation of the flipper 3 can be improved. This is because the power transmission to the flipper 3 is realized by a structural connecting means. Further, since power such as an electric actuator is not mounted in the spreader 1, problems such as malfunction do not occur.

  Fifth, since the operation wire 4 and the driving device 32 are installed for the plurality of flippers 3, respectively, the plurality of flippers 3 can be controlled independently. That is, even if the crane operator uses a different method for guiding the spreader 1 onto the container, the raising and lowering of the flipper 3 can be freely controlled according to this method.

  Here, the operation wire 4 and the sheaves 34 and 37 may be installed in the frame 17 of the spreader 1. With this configuration, the operation wire 4 and the like are not exposed to wind and rain, and thus durability can be improved. In addition, it is possible to reduce the possibility of failure due to contact with a container or the like during cargo handling. The installation pattern of the operation wire 4 and the sheaves 34 and 37 is an example, and the present invention is not limited to the above configuration.

  As described above, a crane having a light weight spreader and improved energy efficiency can be provided. The present invention can be applied to any crane as long as it handles a container and is equipped with a head block and a spreader.

1 Spreader 2 Head block 3 Guide member (Flipper)
4 Operation wire 12 Actuating member 13 Opening portion 14 Twist lock 17 for grasping container Frame 31 Connecting portion 32 Drive device 34 Pulley (sheave)
37 pulley
40 containers

Claims (4)

In the crane having a head blocks suspended from the trolley as a handling device for handling a marine shipping container, and a spreader coupled below the head block,
The spreader has an actuating member which is disposed an operation wire coupled to a plurality of guide members and the guide member for guiding the scan spreader on the container to the operation wire, wherein the head block is the and a plurality of driving devices to operate respectively connected to create the dynamic member for transmitting power to the work moving member the plurality of connection portions and the consolidated unit, respectively,
The driving device is a hydraulic or electric cylinder, the connecting portion is a rod-like body having a bent tip, and the tip of the connecting portion is inserted into an opening of the operating member to extend or contract the hydraulic or electric cylinder. A crane configured to transmit motion to the operation wire . The crane according to claim 1, wherein the crane includes at least a 20ft container spreader and a 40ft container spreader, and one of the spreaders is connected to the head block. The crane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least a part of the operation wire is arranged in a frame constituting the spreader. Wherein a spreader and least four of said guide member, and the operating wire are respectively connected to the guide member, and said actuating member being disposed respectively on the operating wire,
The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a configuration in which the power transmitted to the actuating member is independently controlled in a use state in which the plurality of guide members are lowered through the operation wire or in a standby state in which the guide members are flipped up. The crane described in.

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