JP5567957B2 - Front fork - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a front fork, and more particularly to an improvement in a front fork that functions as an air spring by suspending a front wheel of a motorcycle.

  There have been various proposals for a front fork that functions as an air spring by suspending a front wheel of a two-wheeled vehicle. Among recent front forks, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, an outer tube is used. There is a fork main body composed of an inner tube and an inner tube, in which a gas of a predetermined pressure is sealed instead of a suspension spring to obtain a spring force.

  That is, in the front fork disclosed in Patent Document 1, when a fork main body is in a fully extended state, a gas having a predetermined pressure is enclosed, and when the body is supported and contracted, the gas is compressed. The internal pressure is increased and functions as an air spring, enabling the vehicle height to be maintained in a motorcycle.

  In this front fork, a predetermined damping action is realized when the damper disposed in the fork main body expands and contracts in synchronization with the expansion and contraction operation of the fork main body. At some time, the damper is also in the most extended state, and the atmospheric pressure in the fork main body is set to be equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure.

JP 2010-127327 A (Abstract, Claims Claim 1, Paragraph 0015 in the Specification)

  The above-mentioned front fork is basically not problematic in that it can maintain the vehicle height in a two-wheeled vehicle by enclosing a gas having a predetermined pressure in the fork main body. There is a possibility that it is pointed out that there is a slight defect when considering the actual situation.

  In other words, in a front fork equipped with a motorcycle with a predetermined pressure gas enclosed in the fork body, the spring force is insufficient if the gas sealed in the fork body is not maintained at a predetermined pressure. As a result, it becomes impossible to realize a predetermined vehicle height maintenance, and the riding comfort of the motorcycle is deteriorated.

  Therefore, for example, before traveling a motorcycle, it is necessary to check whether or not the gas sealed in the fork body is in an optimal atmospheric pressure state, but in a state where the front fork is mounted on the motorcycle, The expansion / contraction state of the fork main body is not clear, and as a result, it is meaningless to check the atmospheric pressure state of the gas sealed in the fork main body with the front fork mounted on the motorcycle.

  Therefore, remove the front fork from the front wheel side of the two-wheeled vehicle, or lift the front wheel in a so-called no-load state, that is, use the pressure gauge while the fork body is in its fully extended state. It becomes essential to measure.

  As a result, for a front fork that encloses a gas of a predetermined pressure in place of a suspension spring in the fork main body, whether or not the pressure of the gas sealed in the fork main body is optimal is checked. There is a problem that the work is troublesome.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described present situation, and an object of the present invention is to determine whether or not a gas of a predetermined pressure is sealed in a fork main body while being mounted on a motorcycle. It is to provide a front fork that can be visually confirmed and improved in convenience.

To achieve the above object, one means for solving the problem of the present invention, have a fork body that is biased in the extending direction with a gas sealed inside with the inner tube to the outer tube is inserted into retractably And
It has a visual means for making it possible to visually recognize the protruding state of the inner tube with respect to the outer tube in the fork main body which is in an unloaded state in the state equipped on the front wheel side of the two-wheel vehicle,
In the front fork in which the visual recognition means has a reference element and a display element for specifying a collation position of the reference element,
The reference element is provided at the open end of the outer tube,
The above display element is provided in a protector that is held by the inner tube and closes the upper end to the outer periphery of the opening end of the outer tube, and displays the appropriate state of the inner tube in relation to the outer tube, the oversized state, and the oversized state It is characterized by having.
Similarly, the other means has a fork main body that is inserted into the outer tube so that the inner tube can be projected and retracted and is energized in the extending direction by the gas enclosed inside,
It has a visual means for making it possible to visually recognize the protruding state of the inner tube with respect to the outer tube in the fork main body which is in an unloaded state in the state equipped on the front wheel side of the two-wheel vehicle,
In the front fork in which the visual recognition means has a reference element and a display element for specifying a collation position of the reference element,
The reference element is provided on a brake hose bracket held by an outer tube,
The display element is provided on a break hose that is held by the inner tube and is inserted into the ring portion of the brake bracket, and has an indication that divides the state of the inner tube relative to the outer tube into an appropriate state, an excessive state, and an excessive state. It is characterized by this .

  Therefore, in the present invention, when the motorcycle is placed in a state in which the rider does not get on the two-wheeled vehicle lowered from the stand and is not loaded with an appropriate load, the fork body is mounted on the two-wheeled vehicle. Thus, the expansion / contraction state of the fork main body in the no-load state, that is, the protruding / exiting state of the inner tube relative to the outer tube can be visually recognized by the visual recognition means.

At this time, the reference element viewing means, because they have a display element for identifying the collation position of the reference element, the display element reference element matching, the emerging state of the inner tube relative the outer tube in the fork main body I can confirm.

And since the display element in the visual recognition means has a display for distinguishing between an appropriate state and an excessive state or an excessive state, the expansion / contraction state of the fork main body, that is, the atmospheric pressure state of the gas sealed in the fork main body is accurately determined. I can confirm.

  As a result, according to the present invention, the front fork is removed from the front wheel side of the two-wheeled vehicle, and it is not necessary to measure the atmospheric pressure by using a pressure gauge for the so-called unloaded fork body, It is possible to determine whether or not the pressure of the gas sealed in the fork main body is in an optimum state, and the confirmation work is simplified.

It is a front view which shows partially the front fork by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the front fork by other Embodiment of this invention similarly to FIG. It is a figure which shows the front fork by further embodiment of this invention similarly to FIG.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the illustrated embodiment. The front fork according to the present invention functions as an air spring that is mounted on the front wheel side of the two-wheeled vehicle and suspends the front wheel.

  Incidentally, although the front fork is mounted on the front wheel side of the two-wheeled vehicle, although not shown, the upper end side portions of the two left and right front forks are integrated in advance by a bridge mechanism, and the inner tube 2 in each front fork (see FIG. 1). ) Is connected to the axle of the front wheel and suspended so as to sandwich the front wheel.

  Although not shown, the bridge mechanism includes an upper bracket connected to the upper side of the upper end of the outer tube 1 (see FIG. 1) constituting the front fork and an under bracket connected to the lower side. Then, the upper end portions of the outer tube 1 are inserted into the attachment holes formed at both ends, and are gripped integrally.

  Although not shown, this bridge mechanism has a single steering shaft that integrally connects the upper bracket and the under bracket at the center of the two, and this steering shaft constitutes the front end of the vehicle body in the motorcycle. The head pipe is turnably connected to the head pipe, whereby the front wheel can be steered in the left-right direction via the two front forks by operating the handle.

  By the way, the front fork according to the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1, and an inner tube 2 which is a wheel side tube is inserted into a telescopic type so as to be able to extend and retract in an outer tube 1 which is a vehicle body side tube. The fork main body (not shown) is urged in the extending direction so that the inner tube 2 protrudes from the outer tube 1 by the gas enclosed in the fork main body.

  And, since the atmospheric pressure of the gas sealed in the fork main body is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure when the fork main body is in the maximum extension state, the fork main body is reversed from the maximum extension state and starts to contract. For example, it is considered that the damping action by the damping part in the damper is embodied as set without so-called play.

  However, as for the atmospheric pressure of the gas enclosed in the fork body, in a situation where the front fork is equipped on a motorcycle, the atmospheric pressure of the enclosed gas becomes more than atmospheric pressure because it is slightly contracted. In that sense, it can be said that the atmospheric pressure does not have to be higher than the atmospheric pressure in the maximum extension state.

  In addition, forcing the fork main body in the extending direction, it is based on the atmospheric pressure of the enclosed gas in the illustration, but from the point of the present invention, the fork main body houses the suspension spring, The fork main body may be urged in the extending direction in cooperation with the suspension spring.

  The illustrated front fork is urged in the extension direction by the pressure of the gas sealed in the fork main body, and, for example, is urged in the extension direction by a suspension spring built in the fork main body. Compared to the case, it does not have a suspension spring, which contributes to a reduction in the overall weight of the front fork.

  On the other hand, in the fork main body shown in the figure, the opening end which is the lower end portion in the drawing of the outer tube 1 is a seal case portion 1a, and this seal case portion 1a has a lower bearing (not shown) inside. , An oil seal (not shown) and a dust seal 11 are provided.

  Incidentally, the lower bearing ensures the slidability of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1 and also guarantees concentricity between the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2 in cooperation with the upper bearing (not shown). .

  In addition, the oil seal leaks the lubricating oil in the lubrication gap formed by the upper bearing and the lower bearing which are spaced apart from each other between the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2 and appearing outside. To prevent the fork body from being sealed.

  The dust seal 11 scrapes off dust such as fine sand particles adhering to the outer periphery of the inner tube 2, prevents the dust from entering the oil seal side, and prevents the seal surface of the oil seal from being damaged. This ensures the sealing function of the oil seal.

  Further, in the illustrated seal case portion 1a, a C pin 21 for preventing interference with the outer periphery of the opening end portion of the outer tube 1 of the protector 3 to be described later is wound.

  Further, at the time of the most contraction operation of the fork main body in which the inner tube 2 is immersed in the outer tube 1 with a large stroke, the upper end of the inner tube 2 abuts on the outer tube 1 side to prevent further contraction. Further, although not shown in detail, the oil lock mechanism may prevent bottom thrust during the most contraction operation.

  When the fork body is fully extended, although not shown, in many cases, the extension spring accommodated by the damper in the fork body is contracted to the maximum, and so-called shock absorption is realized by the maximum contraction of the extension spring. Is done.

  By the way, in this fork main body, the inside which becomes the sealed space by the arrangement of the oil seal is set as a reservoir (not shown), and this reservoir accommodates a predetermined amount of hydraulic oil, It has an air chamber (not shown) defined by an oil surface (not shown) as a boundary, and this air chamber expands and contracts in synchronization with the expansion and contraction operation of the fork body. A predetermined air spring force is generated.

  Incidentally, the above-described air chamber can raise and lower the internal pressure enclosed through gas-filled valves (not shown) disposed in a cap member (not shown) that closes the upper end opening of the outer tube 1. Also good.

  Further, the fork main body has a damper (not shown) inside which serves as a reservoir for storing hydraulic oil, and the damper is connected to the fork main body and expands and contracts in synchronization with the expansion and contraction of the fork main body. A predetermined attenuation action is realized by the built-in attenuation unit.

  In the front fork formed as described above, according to the present invention, the protruding state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1 in the fork body that is mounted on a motorcycle and in an unloaded state can be visually recognized from the outside of the fork body. It has a visual recognition means.

  That is, in a front fork that exerts an air spring force instead of a suspension spring by enclosing a predetermined pressure of gas in the most extended fork main body, the atmospheric pressure enclosed in the fork main body is as originally set. Confirming whether or not the vehicle is maintained is an important inspection item for the rider who runs the motorcycle before the motorcycle runs.

  Therefore, before the motorcycle runs, the front fork installed in the motorcycle is inspected to check whether the atmospheric pressure in the fork main body is as originally set. Until now, the inspection work has not been easy.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, in the front fork mounted on the two-wheeled vehicle, it is easy to check whether or not the air pressure enclosed in the fork main body is as originally set, and the rider's It is intended to improve convenience, and therefore has visual recognition means.

  And the visual recognition means is that the fork main body is mounted on the two-wheeled vehicle when the rider does not get on the two-wheeled vehicle lowered from the stand and is not loaded with an appropriate load, that is, in the 1G state. Since it becomes a no-load state in the state, the expansion / contraction state used as a reference in the fork main body in the no-load state, that is, the protruding state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1 is made visible.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the visual recognition means is located as shown in FIG. 1, and the reference element P provided in the outer tube 1 serving as one and the reference tube P provided in the inner tube 2 serving as the other are collated. And a display element M for specifying the position.

  Incidentally, from the point of view of the present invention, the reference element P in the visual recognition means is provided on the other inner tube 2 and the display element M in the visual recognition means is provided on the one outer tube 1. Of course it is also good.

  And in the visual recognition means, it is preferable that the display element M has a configuration for distinguishing between the appropriate state of the inner tube 2 in relation to the outer tube 1 and the excessive state or the excessive state.

  In the following, the visual recognition means shown in FIG. 1 will be described. In the figure, the reference element P is provided on the outer tube 1, and the display element M is held on the inner tube 2 side and is attached to the outer tube 1. It is provided on any member that faces in the vicinity.

  That is, in detail, the reference element P that constitutes the visual recognition means is a C ring that is wound around the opening end portion of the outer tube 1 that projects the inner tube 2, that is, the outer periphery of the seal case portion 1 a. The display element M is printed or stamped on the outer peripheral surface on the upper end side of the protector 3 that is held on the inner tube 2 side and faces the outer periphery of the opening end portion of the outer tube 2 in the vicinity of the upper end side portion. Alternatively, it is displayed by any means such as a seal.

  At this time, whether it is the reference element P or the display element M, it suffices if it is a so-called guideline. Therefore, instead of the reference element P being made of the C ring 21, the outer periphery of the seal case portion 1 a is shown in the figure. It may be composed of a dotted portion (not shown) or a linear portion (not shown) provided in

  Moreover, the dotted | punctate part or linear part as this reference | standard element P exists in the outer periphery of the seal case part 1a of the outer tube 1, and is made into the different color part which becomes a peripheral color of the seal case part 1a, for example, a complementary color relationship. Alternatively, the outer periphery of the seal case portion 1a may be a deformed portion that causes unevenness.

  That is, the reference element P may be formed of a different color portion having a color different from the outer peripheral color of the seal case portion 1a, or may be formed of a deformed portion that makes the outer periphery of the seal case portion 1a uneven.

  Further, the reference element P projects from the end portion of the seal case portion 1a, that is, the surface portion 1b which is the lower end of the open end portion, or the outside of the open end portion, instead of the C ring 21 described above. The lower end 11a of the dust seal 11 may be used.

  On the other hand, it is preferable that the display element M is configured so that when the reference element P is collated, the protruding state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1 can be visually confirmed more precisely. Is displayed so that the upper and lower sides thereof are set as so-called NG areas (not shown).

  That is, when the reference element P is collated with the appropriate area S in the display element M, it is determined that the proper atmospheric pressure is enclosed in the fork body, that is, the front fork, and it is determined that the motorcycle can be run as it is. Let

  On the other hand, when the reference element P deviates from the appropriate area S in the display element M, it is determined that the appropriate atmospheric pressure is not sealed in the front fork. For example, the NG area above the appropriate area S is used as a reference. When the element P collates, the atmospheric pressure enclosed in the fork body is too high. Conversely, when the reference element P collates the NG area below the appropriate area S, it is enclosed in the fork body. It is determined that the atmospheric pressure is too low.

  At this time, the appropriate area S is configured to distinguish the appropriate state of the inner tube 2 in relation to the outer tube 1, and the NG area above the appropriate area S is in the inner tube 2 relative to the outer tube 1. It becomes the structure which distinguishes the excessive state of a state, and becomes a structure which the NG area below said appropriate area S distinguishes the excessive state of the appearance state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1.

  Further, the appropriate area S may be further subdivided into optimum areas S1, allowable areas S2, S3, and the appropriate areas S1 and allowable areas S2, S3 may be subdivided. Of course, as in the case of displaying itself, it may be displayed so as to be identifiable by any one or a combination of a dotted portion, a linear portion, a surface portion, a different color portion and a deformed portion.

  Incidentally, in the figure, the protector 3 provided with the display element M has the inner periphery of the upper end side portion opposed to the outer periphery of the seal case portion 1a in the outer tube 1 provided with the reference element P. Therefore, the inner periphery of the upper end side portion of the protector 3 is not opposed to the outer periphery of the seal case portion 1a of the outer tube 1, for example, the upper end of the protector 3 is below the opening end portion of the outer tube 1. Even if it is in a neighboring state, the visual means can be utilized by regarding the upper end of the protector 3 as the display element M.

  FIG. 2 shows a front fork embodying another embodiment of the visual recognition means according to the present invention, which will be described below.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the reference element P that constitutes the visual recognition means is provided in the outer tube 1 and the display element M that constitutes the visual recognition means is the open end of the outer tube 1 (seal case part 1a). Suppose that it is provided in the inner tube 2 which protrudes outside.

  Specifically, the reference element P is the lower end 11a of the dust seal 11 that is substantially the lower end of the opening end that projects the inner tube 2 of the outer tube 1, and the display element M is the opening end of the outer tube 1. Suppose that it is provided in the protrusion part 2a in the inner tube 2 which protrudes toward the downward direction which is the exterior from.

  Even in the place shown in FIG. 2, the display element M is preferably configured so that when the reference element P is collated, the protruding state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1 can be seen more finely. Therefore, in the figure, the appropriate area S is displayed to set the upper and lower sides to a so-called NG area (not shown).

  That is, as in the case shown in FIG. 1 described above, when the reference element P is collated with the appropriate area S in the display element M, the fork main body, that is, the front fork is determined to contain the appropriate atmospheric pressure, It is determined that the two-wheeled vehicle may be run as it is.

  Similarly to the case shown in FIG. 1 described above, when the reference element P deviates from the appropriate area S in the display element M, it is determined that the proper pressure is not enclosed in the front fork. When the reference element P collates the NG area above the appropriate area S, the atmospheric pressure enclosed in the fork body is too high, and conversely, the reference element P collates the NG area below the appropriate area S. In this case, it is determined that the pressure inside the fork main body is too low.

  At this time, the appropriate area S is configured to distinguish the appropriate state of the inner tube 2 in relation to the outer tube 1, and the NG area above the appropriate area S is in the inner tube 2 relative to the outer tube 1. It becomes the structure which distinguishes the excessive state of a state, and becomes a structure which the NG area below said appropriate area S distinguishes the excessive state of the appearance state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1.

  Incidentally, the above-mentioned appropriate area S may be further subdivided to set the optimum area S1, allowable area S2, S3, and the optimum area S1 and allowable area S2, S3 may also be subdivided. As in the case of displaying S itself, it is displayed so that it can be identified by printing.

  FIG. 3 shows a front fork embodying still another embodiment of the visual recognition means according to the present invention, which will be described below.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the reference element P constituting the visual recognition means is provided on the brackets held by the outer tube 1, and the display element M is held by the inner tube 2 and held by the outer tube 1. It is assumed that it is provided on any member adjacent to the brackets.

  Specifically, the reference element P is a ring portion 4 a provided in the brake hose bracket 4 held by the outer tube 1 and the display element M is held by the inner tube 2 and is held by the outer tube 1. Suppose that it is provided in the brake hose 5 which penetrates the ring part 4a in the bracket 4.

  And even in the place shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that the display element M is configured so that when the reference element P is collated, the protruding state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1 can be seen more finely. Therefore, as shown in the figure, the appropriate area S is displayed on the brake hose 5 so that the upper and lower sides thereof are set as so-called NG areas (not shown).

  That is, as in the case shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the reference element P is collated with the appropriate area S in the display element M, the fork main body, that is, the front fork is filled with the appropriate atmospheric pressure. It is determined that the motorcycle can be run as it is.

  Similarly to the case shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above, when the reference element P deviates from the appropriate area S in the display element M, it is determined that the proper atmospheric pressure is not sealed in the front fork. For example, when the reference element P collates the NG area above the appropriate area S, the atmospheric pressure enclosed in the fork main body is too high, and conversely, the NG area below the appropriate area S is set as the reference element. When P is collated, it is determined that the pressure of the sealed inside of the fork main body is too low.

  At this time, the appropriate area S is configured to distinguish the appropriate state of the inner tube 2 in relation to the outer tube 1, and the NG area above the appropriate area S is in the inner tube 2 relative to the outer tube 1. It becomes the structure which distinguishes the excessive state of a state, and becomes a structure which the NG area below said appropriate area S distinguishes the excessive state of the appearance state of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1.

  And about the appropriate area S provided in this brake hose 5, this may be further subdivided and optimal area S1, permissible area S2, S3 may be set, and subdivided of this optimal area S1 and permissible area S2, S3 As in the case of displaying the appropriate area S itself, the information is displayed so as to be identifiable by applying or printing paint on the outer surface of the brake hose 5 or winding the tape.

  As described above, in the front fork having the visual recognition means, when the rider does not get on the two-wheeled vehicle that is lowered from the stand, the fork main body is placed in a stationary state without being subjected to an unreasonable load. Since it is in a no-load state when mounted on the motorcycle, the expansion / contraction state of the fork main body in the no-load state, that is, the protruding state of the inner tube 2 relative to the outer tube 1 can be visually recognized by the visual means.

  Therefore, when the expansion / contraction state of the fork main body is confirmed without providing the visual recognition means, for example, as described above, the front fork is removed from the front wheel side of the two-wheeled vehicle and a pressure gauge is used, for example. Compared to checking the pressure of the gas sealed in the main body, it is advantageous in that the sealed pressure can be checked without removing the front fork from the front wheel side of the motorcycle.

  Of course, the pressure gauge is not necessary, but although not shown, it is detected by a stroke sensor which is an external sensor arranged outside the fork main body, or a pressure which is an internal sensor arranged inside the fork main body. This is advantageous in that the configuration is simplified and the product cost of the front fork is not increased as compared with the case of detecting with a sensor.

  In particular, when the reference element P is provided in the outer tube 1 and the display element M is provided in a portion other than the outer tube 1, for example, as shown in FIGS. In the case where the hose 5 is provided, a so-called separate part is not required for constituting the visual recognition means, and there is an advantage that the visual recognition means can be provided at low cost.

  Incidentally, even in the case shown in FIG. 2, there is an advantage of eliminating the need for so-called components other than the paint, but the paint does not adversely affect the slidability of the inner tube 2 with respect to the outer tube 1. It is also important to select one that does not disappear easily.

  Incidentally, in the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the display element M constituting the visual recognition means is displayed in advance on the protector 3, the protruding portion 2a of the inner tube 2 or the brake hose 5 before assembling the front fork. In that case, it is assumed that the front fork is in the most extended state, and the display position of the display element M constituting the visual recognition means is determined.

  The front fork that functions as an air spring is suspended from the two-wheeled vehicle by suspending the front wheel of the two-wheeled vehicle, and it is not necessary to measure the atmospheric pressure by using a pressure gauge on the so-called unloaded fork body. It is possible to determine whether or not the pressure of the gas sealed in the main body is in an optimal state, which is suitable for simplifying the confirmation work.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer tube 1a Seal case part which is an opening edge part 1b Surface part 2 Inner tube 3 Protector 4 Brake hose bracket 4a Ring part 5 Brake hose 11 Dust seal 11a Lower end 21 C ring M Display element P Reference element S Proper area S1 Optimum area S2, S3 Allowable area

Claims (2)

The inner tube is inserted in the outer tube so as to be able to appear and retract , and has a fork body that is energized in the extending direction by the gas enclosed inside ,
It has a visual means for making it possible to visually recognize the protruding state of the inner tube with respect to the outer tube in the fork main body which is in an unloaded state in the state equipped on the front wheel side of the two-wheel vehicle,
In the front fork in which the visual recognition means has a reference element and a display element for specifying a collation position of the reference element,
The reference element is provided at the open end of the outer tube,
The above display element is provided in a protector that is held by the inner tube and closes the upper end to the outer periphery of the opening end of the outer tube, and displays the appropriate state of the inner tube in relation to the outer tube, the oversized state, and the oversized state front fork, characterized in that it comprises a. The inner tube is inserted in the outer tube so as to be able to appear and retract, and has a fork body that is energized in the extending direction by the gas enclosed inside,
It has a visual means for making it possible to visually recognize the protruding state of the inner tube with respect to the outer tube in the fork main body which is in an unloaded state in the state equipped on the front wheel side of the two-wheel vehicle,
In the front fork in which the visual recognition means has a reference element and a display element for specifying a collation position of the reference element,
The reference element is provided on a brake hose bracket held by an outer tube,
The display element is provided on a break hose that is held by the inner tube and is inserted into the ring portion of the brake bracket, and has an indication that divides the state of the inner tube relative to the outer tube into an appropriate state, an excessive state, and an excessive state. A front fork characterized by that .

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