JP5165299B2 - 皮膚外用剤 - Google Patents
皮膚外用剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5165299B2 JP5165299B2 JP2007189054A JP2007189054A JP5165299B2 JP 5165299 B2 JP5165299 B2 JP 5165299B2 JP 2007189054 A JP2007189054 A JP 2007189054A JP 2007189054 A JP2007189054 A JP 2007189054A JP 5165299 B2 JP5165299 B2 JP 5165299B2
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Description
一方、美白剤(メラニン生成抑制剤)、抗炎症剤や真皮構造改善剤として知られるトラネキサム酸、ハイドロキノン、アスコルビン酸、トリテルペン酸等は、密に角層細胞が重層してバリアを築いている組織を通過して、表皮の基底層や真皮に到達することにより活性を発揮する成分であるため、十分な効果を得るためには、経皮吸収性を十分に高めることが必要である。
しかしながら、このような成分は、乳化剤形又は可溶化剤形の皮膚外用剤に配合する場合には、形成されたエマルション粒子(エマルションの分散相粒子)やミセルが種々の環境の影響を受けて合一・会合を起こし、これらの粒子径が増大し、経皮吸収性が低下しやすいという問題がある。すなわち、上記成分の十分な経皮吸収性を保証するためには、エマルション粒子やミセルの粒径を適切なサイズに調節し、これを長期間維持する必要がある。そして、該適切なサイズは、数μm以下の小さいものであると言われている(例えば、非特許文献1を参照)。また、ミセルやエマルション粒子の合一・会合による粒子径の増大は、やがて、分離・離しょうや製剤中での結晶などの不溶物の析出の原因ともなる。特に、トリテルペン酸誘導体やフィトステロール誘導体のように、油性成分に対する溶解度も、水性成分に対する溶解度も低い成分を含有する皮膚外用剤は、不溶物の析出を生じやすい。
を有していることを見い出し、発明を完成させるに至った。即ち、本発明は以下に示すとおりである。
製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径が、製造直後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径の1.0〜2.0倍であることを特徴とする、乳化剤形又は可溶化剤形の皮膚外用剤であって、
前記美白剤は、トラネキサム酸又はその誘導体、ハイドロキノン又はその誘導体、トリテルペン酸又はその誘導体、アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体、及び、サリチル酸又はその誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
前記抗炎症剤は、トラネキサム酸又はその誘導体、トリテルペン酸又はその誘導体、アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体、サリチル酸又はその誘導体、及び、エストラジオール又はその誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
前記真皮構造改善剤は、トリテルペン酸又はその誘導体、カンペステロール又はその誘導体、及び、アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一つである、皮膚外用剤。
(2)乳化剤形であって、かつ製造直後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径、及び製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径がともに10μm以下であることを特徴とする、(1)に記載の皮膚外用剤。
(3)可溶化剤形であって、かつ製造直後のミセルの平均粒径、及び製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のミセルの平均粒径が共に1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする、(1)に記載の皮膚外用剤。
本発明の皮膚外用剤は、美白剤、抗炎症剤又は真皮構造改善剤を含有することを特徴とする。
前記美白剤としては、例えば、トラネキサム酸及び/又はその塩、トラネキサム酸エチル、トラネキサム酸プロピルなどのトラネキサム酸エステル、トラネキサム酸メチルアミド、トラネキサム酸エチルアミドなどのトラネキサム酸アルキルアミド等のトラネキサム酸又はその誘導体;
ハイドロキノン及び/又はその塩、ハイドロキノングルコシド、ハイドロキノンマルトシドなどのハイドロキノンの配糖体等のハイドロキノン又はその誘導体;
ウルソール酸及び/又はその塩、オレアノール酸及び/又はその塩、ベツリン酸及び/又はその塩等のトリテルペン酸及び/又はその塩、ウルソール酸ベンジル、ウルソール酸
メチル、ウルソール酸ラウリル、ウルソール酸リン酸エステル、ウルソール酸硫酸エステルなどのトリテルペン酸エステル類等のトリテルペン酸又はその誘導体;
アスコルビン酸及び/又はその塩、アスコルビン酸リン酸エステル及び/又はその塩等のアスコルビン酸エステル又はその塩、アスコルビン酸2−グルコシド及び/又はその塩などのアスコルビン酸配糖体又はその塩等のアスコルビン酸又はその誘導体;
サリチル酸及び/又はその塩、サリチル酸メチル、サリチル酸エチルなどのサリチル酸エステル、3−メトキシサリチル酸 、3−エトキシサリチル酸 、4−メトキシサリチル酸 、4−エトキシサリチル酸 、4−プロポキシサリチル酸 、4−イソプロポキシサリチル酸 、4−ブトキシサリチル酸 、5−メトキシサリチル酸 、5−エトキシサリチル酸 、5−プロポキシサリチル酸等のアルコキシサリチル酸及び/又はその塩等のサリチル酸又はその誘導体;
セラミドタイプ1、セラミドタイプ2、セラミドタイプ3、セラミドタイプ4、セラミドタイプ5、セラミドタイプ6、セラミドタイプ7等のセラミドなどが挙げられる。
本発明の皮膚外用剤は、炭素数10〜30のアシル基によりアシル化された蛋白加水分解物及び/又はその塩を含有する。アシル化された蛋白加水分解物とは、蛋白質を加水分解して得られたポリペプチドのアミノ基がアシル化されたものである。
前記蛋白質は、化粧料などの皮膚外用剤で使用されている蛋白質であればよく、特に限定されないが、大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、米蛋白などの穀物蛋白質、絹蛋白、セリシンなどの繊維由来蛋白質、魚類由来コラーゲンや豚由来のコラーゲンなどのコラーゲン類、コンキオリンなどの貝蛋白質等が好ましく例示できる。これらの蛋白質の中では、絹蛋白質が好ましく用いられる。蛋白加水分解物の分子量は200〜1000程度であることが好ましい。
前記アシル基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐状であってもよく、飽和であっても、不飽和であってもよい。炭素数は、10〜30であり、10〜24のものがより好ましい。具体的には、ラウロイル基、ミリストイル基、パルミトイル基、ステアロイル基、ベヘノイル基、イソステアロイル基、イソパルミトイル基、オレオイル基、リノロイル基などが好適に例示でき、ラウロイル基、ミリストイル基、パルミトイル基、ステアロイル基、イソステアロイル基及びオレオイル基から選択されるものがより好ましく、ラウロイル基が特に
好ましい。
前記アシル化された蛋白加水分解物は、これらのアシル基のうち、一種を有していてもよいし、二種以上を有していてもよい。例えば、ヤシ油などの複数の脂肪酸を含む天然油由来の脂肪酸を用いて、蛋白加水分解物をアシル化したものであってもよい。なお、ヤシ油由来の脂肪酸でアシル化した蛋白加水分解物は、ココイル蛋白加水分解物とも呼ばれる。
本発明の皮膚外用剤における前記アシル化された蛋白加水分解物及び/又はその塩の含有量は、皮膚外用剤全体に対して、好ましくは0.05〜5質量%、より好ましくは0.1〜1質量%含有する。また、前記アシル化された蛋白加水分解物及び/又はその塩の含有量は、前記美白剤、抗炎症剤又は真皮構造改善剤に対して、好ましくは0.1〜20質量倍、さらに好ましくは0.2〜2質量倍である。
前記アシル化された蛋白加水分解物及び/又はその塩は、乳化剤形又は可溶化剤形の皮膚外用剤が、著しい環境変化、例えば高温域に保存されたり、極低温域に保存され凍結されたりするような環境変化によって、エマルション粒子又はミセルが合一・会合し、その粒径が増大するのを抑制する作用を有する。
本発明の皮膚外用剤は、前記必須成分を含有し、乳化剤形又は可溶化剤形であることを
特徴とする。
本発明の皮膚外用剤は、製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径が、製造直後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径の好ましくは1.0〜2.0倍、さらに好ましくは1.0〜1.5倍である。加えて、製造後5℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径が、製造直後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径の好ましくは1.0〜1.5倍、さらに好ましくは1.0〜1.1倍である。この場合の、製造後40℃、5℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径の測定方法と、製造直後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径の測定方法は同一である。
また、乳化剤形の場合は、製造直後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径、及び製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径が、ともに、好ましくは10μm以下、さらに好ましくは9μm以下である。加えて、製造後5℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径は、好ましくは10μm以下、さらに好ましくは9μm以下である。
また、可溶化剤形の場合は、製造直後のミセルの平均粒径、及び製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のミセルの平均粒径が、ともに、好ましくは1.0μm以下、さらに好ましくは0.8μm以下、さらに好ましくは0.2μm以下である。加えて、製造後5℃で1ヶ月保存した後のミセルの平均粒径は、好ましくは0.8μm以下、さらに好ましくは0.3μm以下、さらに好ましくは0.1μm以下である。
これらの場合の、平均粒径の測定方法は、以下の通りである。
組成物約1gに1%オスミウム酸を1%添加し、スパーテルですくい取り、液体窒素中に投入し、凍結塊と為し、これを10質量%カルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を用いて、オートクライオトームの試料台に凍結固定し、オートクライオトームで5μmの厚さに切り出し切片を作成する。これを粘着テープに固定し、凍結乾燥し、金蒸着し、試料とする。試料を走査型電子顕微鏡で15000倍に拡大して、20視野におけるミセルに相当する丸い凸部の構造を抽出し、拡大写真上で実際に計測し、その平均を求める。
レシチンなどの天然界面活性剤、脂肪酸セッケン(ラウリン酸ナトリウム、パルミチン酸ナトリウム等)、ラウリル硫酸カリウム、アルキル硫酸トリエタノールアミンエーテル等のアニオン界面活性剤類;塩化ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ベンザルコニウム、ラウリルアミンオキサイド等のカチオン界面活性剤類;イミダゾリン系両性界面活性剤(2−ココイル−2−イミダゾリニウムヒドロキサイド−1−カルボキシエチロキシ2ナトリウム塩等)、ベタイン系界面活性剤(アルキルベタイン、アミドベタイン、スルホベタイン等)、アシルメチルタウリン等の両性界面活性剤類;ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類(ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタンセスキステアレート、ソルビタンセスキオレエート等)、グリセリン脂肪酸類(モノステアリン酸グリセリン等)、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル類(モノステアリン酸プロピレングリコール等)、硬化ヒマシ油誘導体、グリセリンアルキルエーテル、POEソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類(POEソルビタンモノオレエート、モノステアリン酸ポリオキエチレンソルビタン等)、POEソルビット脂肪酸エステル類(POE−ソルビットモノラウレート等)、POEグリセリン脂肪酸エステル類(POE−グリセリンモノイソステアレート等)、POE脂肪酸エステル類(POEモノオレート、POEジステアレート等)、POEアルキルエーテル類(PO
Eベヘニルエーテル、POE2−オクチルドデシルエーテル等)、POEアルキルフェニルエーテル類(POEノニルフェニルエーテル等)、プルロニック型類、POE・POPアルキルエーテル類(POE・POP2−デシルテトラデシルエーテル等)、テトロニック類、POEヒマシ油・硬化ヒマシ油誘導体(POEヒマシ油、POE硬化ヒマシ油等)、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、アルキルグルコシド等の非イオン界面活性剤類。
中でも、POEアルキルエーテル類、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類が好ましく用いられる。
アミノ安息香酸系紫外線吸収剤、アントラニル酸系紫外線吸収剤、サリチル酸系紫外線吸収剤、桂皮酸系紫外線吸収剤、ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤、糖系紫外線吸収剤、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−t−オクチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、4−メトキシ−4’−t−ブチルジベンゾイルメタン等の紫外線吸収剤類;エタノール、イソプロパノール等の低級アルコール類;ビタミンA又はその誘導体等の表皮構造改善剤;硫酸ゲンタマイシン、バシトラシン、ミノマイシン、パロマイシンなどの抗生物質、ビフォナゾール、テルビナフィン、ブテナフィン、シクロピロクス等の抗真菌剤などが好ましく例示できる。
ローション1、比較例1、比較例2の凍結切片を作成し、これの15000倍の拡大写真より、ミセルに相当する凸部の粒径を実測し、平均を求め、これを平均粒径とした。具体的な測定方法は、前述したとおりである。同様に、40℃で1ヶ月保存したもの、5℃で1ヶ月保存したものについても、平均粒子径を求めた。結果を表2に示す。これより、本発明のローションは、ミセルの合一・会合が著しく抑制されていることが分かる。
ことが分かる。
Claims (3)
- 1)美白剤、抗炎症剤又は真皮構造改善剤0.01〜10質量%、2)ラウロイル基によりアシル化した絹蛋白加水分解物及び/又はその塩、及び、3)界面活性剤(ラウロイル基によりアシル化した絹蛋白加水分解物及び/又はその塩を除く)を含有し、
製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径が、製造直後のエマルション粒子又はミセルの平均粒径の1.0〜2.0倍であることを特徴とする、乳化剤形又は可溶化剤形の皮膚外用剤であって、
前記美白剤は、トラネキサム酸又はその誘導体、ハイドロキノン又はその誘導体、トリテルペン酸又はその誘導体、アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体、及び、サリチル酸又はその誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
前記抗炎症剤は、トラネキサム酸又はその誘導体、トリテルペン酸又はその誘導体、アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体、サリチル酸又はその誘導体、及び、エストラジオール又はその誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
前記真皮構造改善剤は、トリテルペン酸又はその誘導体、カンペステロール又はその誘導体、及び、アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一つである、皮膚外用剤。 - 乳化剤形であって、かつ製造直後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径、及び製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のエマルション粒子の平均粒径がともに10μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の皮膚外用剤。
- 可溶化剤形であって、かつ製造直後のミセルの平均粒径、及び製造後40℃で1ヶ月保存した後のミセルの平均粒径が共に1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の皮膚外用剤。
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