JP4931602B2 - ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4931602B2 JP4931602B2 JP2006548856A JP2006548856A JP4931602B2 JP 4931602 B2 JP4931602 B2 JP 4931602B2 JP 2006548856 A JP2006548856 A JP 2006548856A JP 2006548856 A JP2006548856 A JP 2006548856A JP 4931602 B2 JP4931602 B2 JP 4931602B2
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Classifications
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
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- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
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- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/06—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an inertial, e.g. centrifugal, device
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
特許文献1、2に記載の排気PM捕集装置は、いわゆる一段式と呼ばれる電気集塵機方式を採用したもので、基本的な問題点として、放電電圧と捕集偏向電圧が同電位であるため両電圧をそれぞれの適正条件に設定することが難しいことと、偏向電極と捕集電極間のスパーク発生を防止するためにその間隔を大きくとらざるを得ないことである。このため、特許文献1、2に記載の排気PM捕集装置は、捕集されずに捕集区間を素通りする粒子が多くなり、捕集効率が低下するという欠点がある。また、捕集効率を上げるためには、捕集部の容量を大きくとる必要があり、装置の大型化を余儀なくされて自動車部品としては不適当である。さらに、特許文献3に記載の排気ガス浄化装置は、いわゆる二段式と呼ばれる電気集塵機の方式を採用したものであるが、針状電極の汚染対策が施されていないため、放電電極に数万ボルトの高電圧が印加された場合、汚染による電気絶縁性の低下のためPM捕集性能を発揮できなくなるという欠点がある。また、放電電極は、腐食性を有する排気ガスによる汚損も避けられず、長期間にわたって安定した性能を維持できない。さらにまた、線状電極の場合は、自動車の場合は走行中の振動や衝撃により断線を起こし易く、強度的にも問題がある。すなわち、従来のコロナ放電を利用して電気式に処理する排気ガス処理手段は、放電電極の高い絶縁性の確保が難しく、実用性に難点があった。
なお、前記ダミー管部を有するシールガス管は、シールガス管の内径をD、シールガス管部のダミー管部の長さをL2、該ダミー管部より先端部までの長さをL1とした場合、L1/D>1.5、L2/D>0.5の条件を満足させることを好ましい態様とするものである。
なお、本発明はディーゼルエンジンのみならず、各種排気ガスの浄化にも有効であることはいうまでもない。
すなわち、図3に示す対策は、シールガス管5内に整流部材5−1を配置したもので、その整流部材5−1としては、例えば板状のものやハニカム状のもの等を用いる。この整流部材5−1は、必ずしもシールガス管5の全長にわたって設ける必要はなく、シールガス管5の曲り部等ガス流れの方向が変化する部分に設けてもよい。この整流板5−1の作用により、シールガス管5出口でのシールガス流れがより安定し、シールガス管5出口部に極めて安定したポテンシャルコアPcが形成される。
図8は本発明の第1実施例装置における捕集板のPM酸化除去手段の一例を示したもので、捕集板3の材料として耐熱・耐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼、発熱体材料であるニッケルクロム等の薄板を用い、該捕集板3を加熱ヒータとして用いる。その手段は、捕集板3の保持棒3−1の端部に切替えスイッチ40を設置し、該捕集板3を電気加熱する場合は、加熱電源装置41側の端子40aに接続し、PMを捕集する場合は、アース側の端子40bに接続する方式を用いることができる。この電気加熱のための所要電力は1〜4kWと小さいので、加熱電源としては車両搭載のバッテリ等を使用することができる。捕集板3に捕集されたPM8は550℃程度の温度で火炎を発することなく酸化除去される。なお、不必要な温度上昇を避けるため、捕集板3に熱電対等の温度計測器(図示せず)を設置して、電気加熱時の温度を制御することが望ましい。
ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスは運転条件等によってPMの電気抵抗率ρが大幅に変動し、高電気抵抗率ρのPMもあれば、低電気抵抗率ρのPMもある。一般的に高速運転時の高温燃焼時では電気抵抗率ρは低く、また低温燃焼では電気抵抗率ρは高くなる傾向がある。したがって、ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス中のPMの除去手段としては、電気抵抗率ρの高いPMだけでなく、電気抵抗率ρの低いPMをも高効率で捕集できる性能を備える必要がある。そこで、本発明は前記排気ガス用電気式処理装置の後段にサイクロン集塵機を付設することによって、電気抵抗率ρが高い場合にも低い場合にも十分に対応できるディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気処理装置を提案するものである。
ここで、排気ガス用電気式処理装置61における捕集板71−1は、図10に拡大して示すように、捕集面に孔等の開口を有しない一枚板からなるベース板71−1aと、該ベース板71−1aの捕集面側に設けた格子状フィン71−1bとからなり、かつ該捕集板71−1は排気ガス用電気式処理装置61の本体壁61−1の内壁との間に排気ガスを通流させるための隙間61−2が形成されるように適当間隔に配設される。この隙間61−2の大きさは、本質的に集塵効率には影響を与えないため、圧力損失を考慮して決定すればよい。捕集板71−1に格子状フィン71−1bを設けたのは、ガス流れによどみ効果を発生させることによって、帯電PMを効率よくベース板71−1aに捕集するためである。
この捕集板71−1のベース板71−1aと格子状フィン71−1bの材質としては、ベース板71−1aはアースするから金属等の導体材質を使うのは当然として、格子状フィン71−1bはPMの捕集効率およびジャンピング凝集(ベース板上で付着飛散を繰り返す過程で粒子どうしが衝突して凝集粗大化する現象)の効率を考慮すると、セラミック等の絶縁体が好ましい。すなわち、格子状フィン71−1bが金属製の場合は、電気力線が電極針4の先端に近い格子状フィン71−1bの先端に集中するため帯電したPMは格子状フィン71−1bの先端に向って流れ、その部位はガス流れが速いことからPMはベース板71−1aに到達し難く、捕集されずに後方へ飛散流出しやすいため、ベース板71−1aでの捕集効率が悪くなるからである。
なお、排気ガス用電気式処理装置61の本体内には、排ガスの流れの上流側にPMの帯電を促進するガイド孔付き板61−3を、捕集板71−1と捕集板71−1の間にPMの捕集を促進するためのガイド孔付き板61−3およびガイド孔付き電界板61−4を、それぞれ設置してもよい。その場合、電界板61−4には高圧電源装置(図示せず)から高電圧を供給し、捕集板71−1はアースする。また、電界板61−4は絶縁体で被覆しておくことが望ましい。
本発明では、上記したハニカム構造の粒子凝集管80あるいは粒子凝集板90等の粒子凝集粗大化手段を用いることによって、排気ガス用電気式処理装置61を出たPM粒子をさらに大きな粒子に成長させることができるので、後段のサイクロン集塵機62で効率よく捕集することができる。
1−1、61−1 本体壁
2 放電帯電部
2−1 コロナ放電部
2−2 帯電部
3、3a、3b、3c、71−1 捕集板
4 電極針
5 シールガス管
5−1 整流部材
5−2 ダミー管部
6 高圧電源装置
7 排気ガス誘導管
8 PM
9 保持棒シール管
10 コロナ電子
40 切替スイッチ
40a、40b 端子
41 加熱電源装置
55 バイパス管路
61 排気ガス用電気式処理装置
62 サイクロン集塵機
80 粒子凝集管
90 粒子凝集板
G1 排気ガス
G2 シールガス
Pc ポテンシャルコア
V 切替弁
Claims (5)
- ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置において、排気ガス通路の上流側にコロナ放電された電子を排気ガス中のカーボンを主体とする粒状物質に帯電させるコロナ放電部と帯電部とからなる放電帯電部を設け、前記帯電した粒状物質を捕集する捕集部を同排気ガス通路に配置した構成となし、前記コロナ放電部は電極針の放電側先端を排気ガス流れの下流側に向けて配置し、コロナ電子を下流側に向けて放電させる方式とし、前記電極針は電気絶縁性と耐食性を有する材料で被覆し、該電極針を絶縁体製のシールガス管内に挿通配置し、かつ前記電極針のシールガス管端からの突出部をシールガス管内ガス流のポテンシャルコア内に位置させる構成となし、さらに前記シールガス管の電極針先端側と反対側管端に排気ガス流れ方向と平行してダミー管部を設け、該ダミー管部を有するシールガス管は、当該シールガス管の内径をD、ダミー管部の長さをL2、ダミー管部より先端部までの長さをL1とした場合、L1/D>1.5、L2/D>0.5の条件を満足することを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置。
- 前記捕集部を捕集面に開口を有しない一枚板からなるベース板および該ベース板の捕集面側に設けた格子状のフィンとで構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置。
- 前記シールガス管内に整流部材を全体または一部に配設し、かつ前記整流部材には、板状のものまたはハニカム状のものを用いることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置。
- 前記排気ガス用電気式処理装置の後段にサイクロン集塵機を付設した構成となしたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置。
- 前記排気ガス用電気式処理装置の捕集部を、捕集面に開口を有しない一枚板からなるベース板および該ベース板の捕集面側に設けた格子状のフィンとで構成した捕集板を当該装置本体内壁との間に隙間が形成されるごとく1ないし複数枚配置して構成したことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス用電気式処理装置。
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ATE548546T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
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EP1837489B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
EP1837489A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
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