JP4895684B2 - Method and material for promoting the growth of beetle larvae - Google Patents
Method and material for promoting the growth of beetle larvae Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、カブトムシ幼虫の成長を促進し、大型の成虫を得るための資材及び方法に関する。 The present invention relates to materials and methods for promoting the growth of beetle larvae and obtaining large adults.
カブトムシの幼虫を飼育する際には、市販されている飼育マット（クヌギ、コナラなどのオガ粉を腐熟させたもの）を餌として用いる方法が、一般家庭で主に適用されている。
しかし、飼育マットだけでは、カブトムシの幼虫が十分に成長するために必要な栄養分が供給されず、特に小さな容器で数多くの幼虫を飼育した場合は、小さなカブトムシばかりが量産される。
When raising larvae of beetles, a method using a commercially available breeding mat (a product obtained by ripening sawdust such as cucumber or quercus) as a bait is mainly applied in general households.
However, the breeding mat alone does not supply the nutrients necessary for the growth of larvae of beetles, and in particular, when many larvae are bred in small containers, only small beetles are mass-produced.
クワガタムシについては、栄養剤を含む培地でヒラタケなどの菌を培養することによって作成した菌糸ビンの中で幼虫を飼育する方法が開発され、オオクワガタ、ヒラタクワガタなどの幼虫が飼育されている。しかし、クワガタムシの幼虫に最適な生育環境とカブトムシの幼虫に最適な生育環境とは異なり、クワガタムシ飼育用の菌糸ビンは、カブトムシ幼虫の飼育には不向きである。 With regard to stag beetles, a method for breeding larvae in a mycelium bottle prepared by culturing fungi such as oyster mushrooms in a medium containing nutrients has been developed, and larvae such as stag beetle and stag beetle are bred. However, unlike the optimum growth environment for stag beetle larvae and the optimum growth environment for beetle larvae, mycelium bottles for breeding stag beetles are not suitable for rearing beetle larvae.
野外では、カブトムシの幼虫が、シイタケの廃菌床捨て場やシイタケの発生を終えた原木が積み置きされ、腐熟している箇所に見られることが知られている。そのため、カブトムシの幼虫は、シイタケ菌によって腐朽された木材あるいはシイタケの菌糸を好んで食すると考えられるが、シイタケの菌糸ビンを作成し、この中にカブトムシの幼虫を入れてみたところ、もぐり込んだ幼虫は直ちに死んでしまった。 In the field, it is known that beetle larvae are found in mushrooms where mushrooms are dumped and logs that have finished generating mushrooms are piled up and ripened. For this reason, beetle larvae are thought to prefer eating wood that has been rotted by shiitake fungi or mycelia of shiitake mushrooms, but when they created mycelia bins of shiitake mushrooms and put beetle larvae into them, Immediately died.
特許文献１において、クヌギ、ブナ等の原木や藁に椎茸、カワラ茸等の茸菌を接種してその菌糸を発達させてセルロース成分を分解し、醗酵処理を施して得られたことを特徴とする昆虫飼育材が、あるいは、原木等の破砕片に、まず醗酵処理を施し、殺菌し、茸菌を接種してその菌糸を発達させてセルロース成分を分解したことを特徴とする昆虫飼育材が開示されている。
特許文献１の昆虫飼育材によれば、茸菌の菌糸を発達させることにより原木中の難分解性のセルロース成分を分解し、細菌（バクテリア）により単糖類、二糖類、その他の多糖類等の易分解性の基質を醗酵処理しているので、カブトムシやクワガタ等の昆虫が好む飼育環境を与えることができる。
しかし、特許文献１の昆虫飼育材を製造するには、２０〜９０日間（好ましくは４０日以上）の発酵工程が必要である。そのため、製造に長期間要するとともに、再現性が失われ、品質管理が難しいという問題がある。また、特許文献１のうち、原木などの粉砕片の発酵処理→殺菌→茸菌の培養によって得られる昆虫飼育資材については、これを単独で飼育材として使用すると、上記の菌糸ビンと同様の飼育環境となり、カブトムシの幼虫の飼育には不向きの環境となると考えられる。
However, in order to produce the insect breeding material of
本発明は、このような問題点を解消し、製造が簡単であり、且つカブトムシの幼虫に特に適した成長促進用資材を提供すること、及びこの資材を用いてカブトムシ幼虫の成長を促進し大型成虫を得る方法を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention eliminates such problems, provides a material for promoting growth that is easy to manufacture and is particularly suitable for beetle larvae, and promotes the growth of beetle larvae using this material to increase the size. It is an object to provide a method for obtaining adults.
上述した課題は、広葉樹の細片を主成分とし、茸菌の菌糸の伸長によって結合された菌床ブロックを、飼育マットの中に埋没させてなる飼育環境で、カブトムシ幼虫を飼育する本発明の方法によって解決された。 The above-described problem is that the beetle larvae are reared in a rearing environment in which a fungus bed block composed mainly of hardwood strips and bonded by the elongation of Aspergillus mycelium is buried in a rearing mat. Solved by the method.
茸菌の菌床の中に直接カブトムシの幼虫をもぐり込ませるのではなく、広葉樹の細片を主成分とし、茸菌の菌糸の伸長によって結合された菌床ブロックを、飼育マット（オガ粉を腐熟させたものなど）の中に埋没させて用いることにより、カブトムシ幼虫は死亡することなく、順調に成長する。また、前記菌床ブロックを食べることによって、より大きく成長するため、大型成虫カブトムシを得ることができる。さらに、菌床ブロックから適度な水分が飼育マットに供給されるため、水分補給の管理がより簡単になる。 Rather than digging beetle larvae directly into the mold of Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus block composed mainly of broad-leaved wood strips and bonded by extension of Aspergillus oryzae is used as a breeding mat The beetle larvae grow smoothly without dying when they are buried in a stale product. Moreover, since it grows larger by eating the said fungus bed block, a large adult beetle can be obtained. Furthermore, since moderate moisture is supplied from the fungus bed block to the breeding mat, management of water replenishment becomes easier.
前記茸菌としては、シイタケ、ヒラタケ、オオヒラタケ、カワラタケ及びマンネンタケ菌が好ましく、特にシイタケ菌が好ましい。 As the koji mold, shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, oyster mushroom, kawaratake mushroom and mannentake mushroom are preferable, and mushroom mushroom is particularly preferable.
前記菌床ブロックを、各辺の長さ３〜１０ｃｍの四角柱状のブロックとし、該ブロック複数個を、０．５〜３ｃｍの間隔を空けて飼育マットの中に埋没して使用することにより、カブトムシ幼虫が色々な箇所から菌床ブロックを食べることができるため、飼育効率が高くなる。 By using the fungus bed block as a square columnar block having a length of 3 to 10 cm on each side, and using a plurality of the blocks buried in a breeding mat with an interval of 0.5 to 3 cm, Since beetle larvae can eat fungal bed blocks from various locations, breeding efficiency increases.
前記ブロックを、前記飼育マットの上面から２ｃｍ以上、下に埋没して使用することによって、より確実にブロックの水分蒸発を防いで、ブロックから飼育マットへの水分補給を担保することができる。 By using the block buried under 2 cm or more from the upper surface of the breeding mat, it is possible to more reliably prevent water from evaporating from the block and ensure water supply from the block to the breeding mat.
また、本発明は、広葉樹の細片を主成分とし、シイタケ、ヒラタケ、オオヒラタケ、カワラタケ及びマンネンタケからなる群から選択される茸菌の菌糸によってブロック状に結合されていることを特徴とする、資材である。この資材を用いてカブトムシ幼虫を飼育することにより、幼虫の成長を促進して大型成虫を得ることができる。 Further, the present invention is a material characterized in that it is mainly composed of hardwood strips, and is bound in a block form by mycelium of Aspergillus oryzae selected from the group consisting of shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, oyster mushroom, kawaratake and garlic mushroom It is. By rearing beetle larvae using this material, growth of larvae can be promoted to obtain large adults.
前記資材は、各辺の長さが３〜２５ｃｍの四角柱形状であり、資材を包む袋に切断線が引かれ、複数の小ブロックに分離できるようになっているものが便利で好ましい。 The material is preferably a quadrangular prism having a length of 3 to 25 cm on each side, and a cutting line is drawn on a bag enclosing the material so that the material can be separated into a plurality of small blocks.
本発明の飼育方法及び成長促進資材を用いれば、一般に市販されている、栄養分の少ない昆虫飼育マットを用いても、大型カブトムシを作出することができる。また、小さな容器にたくさんの幼虫を飼育しても大きなカブトムシの成虫を得ることが可能である。さらに、カブトムシの幼虫を飼育する際は、常にマットの水分量に気を配る必要があるが、本発明では、菌床ブロックから適度な水分が飼育マットに供給されるため、水分補給の管理が簡単になる。また、本発明の成長促進資材は、発酵処理等の特別な手間をかけずに製造できるため、再現性が高く、製造が容易である。 By using the breeding method and the growth promoting material of the present invention, a large-sized beetle can be produced even by using a commercially available insect breeding mat with a low nutrient content. Moreover, it is possible to obtain large adult beetles even if a large number of larvae are reared in a small container. Furthermore, when raising larvae of beetles, it is always necessary to pay attention to the amount of moisture in the mat, but in the present invention, moderate moisture is supplied from the fungus bed block to the breeding mat, so hydration management can be controlled. It will be easy. Moreover, since the growth promoting material of the present invention can be produced without any special effort such as fermentation treatment, it is highly reproducible and easy to produce.
本発明の成長促進資材（菌床ブロック）は、ヒラタケなどの茸の栽培用の菌糸ビン、あるいはクワガタムシ幼虫を飼育する菌糸ビンの作成と類似の方法で製造することができる。例えば、広葉樹オガ粉に栄養剤（小麦ふすまなど）を加え、滅菌した後、茸菌を接種し、25℃付近で１ヶ月半〜２ヶ月程度培養して菌糸を蔓延させることによって製造することができる。雑菌による汚染を防ぐため、一端菌糸ビンなどの狭口の容器で培養し、その後、菌糸の蔓延したオガ粉を掻き出し、細かく破砕した後、取り出しが容易な広口容器に充填し直し、再度、25℃付近で約3日間培養し、菌床ブロックを製造することが好ましい。 The growth-promoting material (fungal bed block) of the present invention can be produced by a method similar to the production of mycelium bottles for cultivating moths such as oyster mushrooms or stag beetle larvae. For example, it can be manufactured by adding nutrients (such as wheat bran) to hardwood sawdust, sterilizing, inoculating koji mold, and culturing at about 25 ° C for about one and a half to two months to spread the mycelium. it can. In order to prevent contamination by various bacteria, it is cultured in a narrow-mouthed container such as a mycelium bottle. After that, the sawdust with the spread of mycelia is scraped out, finely crushed, and then refilled into a wide-mouthed container that can be easily removed. It is preferable to produce a fungus bed block by culturing at around 0 ° C. for about 3 days.
本発明において飼育マットとは、カブトムシの飼育に用いることができるものであって、粉状や粒状のものを意味する。クヌギ、コナラなどの広葉樹のオガ粉を腐熟させたものなど、一般に昆虫飼育用マットとして市販されているものを用いることができる。 In the present invention, the breeding mat can be used for breeding beetles and means a powdery or granular material. What is generally marketed as an insect breeding mat can be used, such as those obtained by ripening hardwood sawdust such as cucumber and quercus.
本発明の方法にかかる飼育環境は、例えば、本発明の菌床ブロックを、飼育ケースの底に設置し、その後、菌床ブロックが完全に埋まるまで、市販の昆虫飼育マットを充填することによって準備できる。カブトムシの幼虫は、土中で成長するため、菌床ブロックのみでカブトムシ幼虫を飼育すれば、幼虫は菌床ブロック内にもぐり込む。ところが、この場合、幼虫が死亡することが確認された。
しかし、本発明の方法では、幼虫が飼育マット内に潜り込み、菌床ブロックを外から食べることができるため、幼虫は死亡せず、菌床ブロックを食べて大きく成長することができる。本発明は、国産カブトムシだけでなく、多くの外国産カブトムシの飼育にも適用可能である。
The breeding environment according to the method of the present invention is prepared by, for example, installing the fungus bed block of the present invention on the bottom of the breeding case and then filling a commercially available insect breeding mat until the fungus bed block is completely filled. it can. Since beetle larvae grow in the soil, if the beetle larvae are bred only with the fungus bed block, the larvae will also dig into the fungus bed block. However, in this case, it was confirmed that the larvae died.
However, in the method of the present invention, since the larvae can sink into the breeding mat and eat the fungus bed block from the outside, the larvae do not die and can grow large by eating the fungus bed block. The present invention is applicable not only to domestic beetles, but also to breeding many foreign beetles.
菌床ブロックは、大きなブロックを一つ使用するより、複数の小ブロックを、幼虫が潜り込めるような間隔を空けて飼育マット内に設置することが好ましい。幼虫が菌床ブロックを様々な箇所から食べることができ、飼育効率が向上するからである。特に複数の幼虫を一つの飼育ケース内で飼育する場合、このようにすることが好ましい。 Rather than using one large block, it is preferable that a plurality of small blocks are installed in the breeding mat with an interval that allows larvae to sink. This is because the larva can eat the fungus bed block from various places, and the breeding efficiency is improved. In particular, when a plurality of larvae are bred in one breeding case, this is preferable.
具体的に説明すると、例えば、各辺が４〜７ｃｍの直方体あるいは立方体状の菌床ブロック複数個を、約２ｃｍの間隔を空けて飼育ケースの底に設置し、市販されている昆虫飼育マット（クヌギ、コナラなどのオガ粉を腐熟させたもの）を菌床ブロックが完全に埋まるまで充填し、この飼育ケースでカブトムシの幼虫を飼育することができる。カブトムシの幼虫は、飼育マットの中にもぐり込み、菌床ブロックを上から、あるいは菌床ブロックのすき間にもぐり込んで側面から食べることにより、格段に成長する。菌床ブロックは飼育容器の下部から確認できるため、食べ尽くされた際には、新しい菌床ブロックを埋め込み、更なる成長促進をはかることができる。また、菌床ブロックから適度な水分が飼育マットに供給されるため、水分補給をしなくても、飼育環境を良好に保つことができる。菌床ブロックからの水分蒸発を防ぐため、菌床ブロックの上面には、飼育マットを２ｃｍ以上、より好ましくは４〜６ｃｍ程度被せることが好ましい。 More specifically, for example, a plurality of rectangular or cubic fungus blocks each having a side of 4 to 7 cm are placed on the bottom of a breeding case with an interval of about 2 cm, and a commercially available insect breeding mat ( The beetle larvae can be reared in this rearing case by filling up the fungus bed block until the fungus bed block is completely filled. Beetle larvae grow dramatically when they crawl into the rearing mat and eat the fungus bed block from above or from the side of the fungus bed block. Since the fungus bed block can be confirmed from the lower part of the breeding container, when it is exhausted, a new fungus bed block can be embedded to promote further growth. Moreover, since moderate water | moisture content is supplied to a breeding mat from a fungus bed block, even if it does not replenish water, a breeding environment can be maintained favorable. In order to prevent moisture evaporation from the fungus bed block, it is preferable to cover the upper surface of the fungus bed block with a breeding mat of 2 cm or more, more preferably about 4 to 6 cm.
以下、実施例を用いて本発明をより具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
成長促進資材（菌床ブロック）の製造
実施例２及び３で使用する菌床ブロックは、以下の方法で製造した。
クヌギ、コナラ、ブナなどの広葉樹オガ粉に栄養剤として小麦ふすまを加え、121℃で1時間オートクレーブ滅菌した後、シイタケ菌を接種し、25℃で約50日間培養し、菌糸ビンを作成した。
この菌糸ビンの中から、菌糸の蔓延したオガ粉を掻き出し、1 cmメッシュのふるいを通して細かく砕いた後、プラスチック製の深型バットに充填し、上から圧力をかけて上部が平たくなるように整形し、25℃で約3日間培養することによって、菌床ブロックを製造した。
Production of growth promoting material (bacteria bed block) The fungus bed block used in Examples 2 and 3 was produced by the following method.
Wheat bran was added as a nutrient to hardwood sawdust such as Kunugi, Quercus, Beech, etc., autoclaved at 121 ° C for 1 hour, inoculated with Shiitake fungus, and cultured at 25 ° C for about 50 days to prepare a mycelium bottle.
From this mycelium bottle, scrape the sawdust with the spread of mycelia, crush it finely through a 1 cm mesh sieve, fill it into a plastic deep bat, and shape it so that the top is flattened by applying pressure from above The bacterial bed block was produced by culturing at 25 ° C. for about 3 days.
成長促進効果の検討
9月上旬に試験を開始した。内寸185×130×60（mm）のプラスチックケースに、培養した菌糸ビン（1000 ml）2本分の菌床を充填し、25℃で3日間培養して菌床ブロックを作成した。これを約45×65×60（mm）の大きさで6個のブロックに切り分け、飼育ケース（W300×D195×H205(mm)）の底に、それぞれの間隔が約2 cmになるように設置し、水分を約50％含ませた昆虫飼育マット10 Lを充填した。ここに約10 gに成長したカブトムシの３齢幼虫を5匹入れ、常温で飼育した。尚、対照として、菌床ブロックを設置しない試験区を設け、同様に約10 gに成長したカブトムシの幼虫5匹を昆虫飼育マット10Lの中で飼育した。
Examination of growth promotion effect
The test started in early September. A plastic case with an inner size of 185 × 130 × 60 (mm) was filled with two cultivated mycelium bottles (1000 ml) and cultured at 25 ° C. for 3 days to prepare a microbial bed block. This is divided into 6 blocks with a size of about 45 x 65 x 60 (mm), and installed on the bottom of the breeding case (W300 x D195 x H205 (mm)) so that the distance between each is about 2 cm. Then, 10 L of an insect breeding mat containing about 50% of water was filled. Five 5th instar larvae of beetles that grew to about 10 g were put here and raised at room temperature. As a control, a test plot without a fungus bed block was provided, and five larvae of beetles that similarly grew to about 10 g were reared in an insect breeding mat 10L.
翌年5月、すべての幼虫の重さを測定し、平均値を求めたところ、対照区14.8 g、菌床ブロック施与区20.1 gとなり、菌床ブロックの施用が著しい成長促進をもたらすことが明らかとなった。5月下旬に蛹化、6月中旬に羽化がみられた。成虫の体長および生体重を測定したところ、平均体長は対照区39.6 mm、菌床ブロック施与区46.6 mm、平均生体重は対照区4.98 g、菌床ブロック施与区8.07 gであり、菌床ブロックの施用が大型成虫の作出に著しい効果をおよぼすことが示された。 In May of the following year, all larvae were weighed and the average value was obtained. The result was 14.8 g for the control group and 20.1 g for the fungus bed block application area, and it was clear that application of the fungus bed block significantly promoted growth. It became. It hatched in late May and emerged in mid-June. The adult body length and body weight were measured.The average body length was 39.6 mm for the control group, 46.6 mm for the fungus block application group, the average body weight was 4.98 g for the control group, and 8.07 g for the fungus bed block application. It was shown that application of the block had a significant effect on the production of large adults.
成長促進資材（菌床ブロック）の施与開始時期および施与回数の検討
8月上旬に試験を開始した。菌床ブロックの作成と飼育法は実施例２に準じて実施した。約3 gに成長したカブトムシの2齢幼虫を対照区、菌床ブロック施与区それぞれに5匹ずつ入れ、常温で飼育した。菌床ブロックが食べ尽くされる度に新しい菌床ブロックを与え、その都度、幼虫の重さを測定したところ、1ヶ月後の9月上旬に、対照区10.2 g、菌床ブロック施与区21.3 gとなり、飼育後１ヶ月にして、3齢幼虫から飼育を開始した実施例２の幼虫の9ヶ月後の平均体重（20.1g）を上回る結果となった。以後、10月上旬に対照区13.7 g、菌床ブロック施与区25.3 g、2月上旬に対照区13.7 g、菌床ブロック施与区30.0 g、5月上旬に対照区14.1 g、菌床ブロック施与区32.1 gとなり、菌床ブロック施与区では最大のものが36.0 gに達する成長がみられた。
以上の結果から、菌床ブロックの施用が成長初期に著しい成長促進をもたらし、繰り返し施与することが成長促進に効果的であることが明らかとなった。
Examination of application start time and number of application of growth promotion material (bacteria bed block)
The test started in early August. The preparation and breeding method of the fungus bed block was carried out according to Example 2. Five second-instar larvae of beetles that grew to about 3 g were placed in a control group and a fungus bed block-treated group, respectively, and raised at room temperature. A new fungus bed block was given each time the fungus bed block was consumed, and the weight of the larvae was measured each time. In the beginning of September, one month later, the control group was 10.2 g and the fungus bed block application group was 21.3 g. Thus, one month after the breeding, the average weight (20.1 g) after 9 months of the larvae of Example 2 which started breeding from the third instar larvae was obtained. Thereafter, 13.7 g of the control group in the beginning of October, 25.3 g of the application area for the fungus bed block, 13.7 g of the control area in the beginning of February, 30.0 g of the application area for the fungus bed block, 14.1 g of the control area in the beginning of May, The application area was 32.1 g, and in the fungus bed application area, the largest growth reached 36.0 g.
From the above results, it has been clarified that application of the fungus bed block brings about significant growth promotion in the early stage of growth, and that repeated application is effective in promoting growth.
実施例の結果から、菌床ブロックを成長初期から与えること、適宜新しい菌床ブロックを与えることによって、より大型のカブトムシを作出できることが分かった。 From the results of the Examples, it was found that a larger beetle can be produced by giving a fungus bed block from the initial stage of growth and appropriately giving a new fungus bed block.
１．菌床ブロック
２．飼育マット
３．飼育ケース
1. 1.
Claims (4)
前記ブロックを、前記飼育マットの上面から２ｃｍ以上
下に埋没させて使用すること
を特徴とする、カブトムシ幼虫の飼育方法。 A fungus bed block composed mainly of hardwood strips and bonded by extension of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is buried in a breeding mat , and
2 cm or more from the upper surface of the breeding mat
A method for raising beetle larvae, characterized by being used by being buried underneath .
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