JP4711265B2 - 基体上にセグメント構造硬質膜と固体潤滑層または流体状潤滑層を含む複合摺動構造物、及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
基体上にセグメント構造硬質膜と固体潤滑層または流体状潤滑層を含む複合摺動構造物、及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4711265B2 JP4711265B2 JP2007507228A JP2007507228A JP4711265B2 JP 4711265 B2 JP4711265 B2 JP 4711265B2 JP 2007507228 A JP2007507228 A JP 2007507228A JP 2007507228 A JP2007507228 A JP 2007507228A JP 4711265 B2 JP4711265 B2 JP 4711265B2
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- hard film
- film
- composite sliding
- segment structure
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Classifications
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Description
特許文献1:特開2003−147525号公報
特許文献2:特願2004-095207号公報
特許文献3:特開2003−147525号公報
先ず、構造物の潤滑性及び摺動性を解決するために、固体潤滑剤を各々のセグメント構造硬質膜の間のセグメント溝部に被覆形成する場合を、以下に具体的に示す。
本発明の複合摺動構造物1は、基体4の表面に被覆された硬質層を含んでなり、前記基体の表面に前記硬質膜を互いに離間して配置されたセグメント構造硬質膜2と、各々のセグメント構造硬質膜の間に形成されたセグメント溝部5とを備え、且つ前記セグメント溝部に被覆充填された固体潤滑層3を含んでなることを特徴とする。
本発明の流体状潤滑剤を含む複合摺動構造物に関して、以下に具体的に説明する。
本発明の高硬度を有する流体状潤滑剤を含む複合摺動構造物は、優れた低摩擦係数及び耐摩耗性を付与するために構造物表面に硬質膜が被覆形成される。さらに本発明の複合摺動構造物は、摺動及び潤滑性を備えるために、構造物表面に硬質膜(例えば、ダイヤモンド状炭素膜)を被覆するときに、1方向、2方向(碁盤目状)または無秩序に複数に区分化したセグメント構造硬質膜を被覆形成することにより、各セグメント構造硬質膜の間に所定間隔を有する溝を設けて、この溝に流体状潤滑剤を含浸充填する。
本発明の上記のそれぞれの課題は、具体的には次に示す手段により解決する。
この場合、セグメント構造硬質膜の一辺または外径が0.1μm以下であると、セグメント構造硬質膜の付着力が低下してセグメント構造硬質膜が剥離する恐れがあり、3mm以上であると基体の変形により破断及び剥離する恐れがある。また、セグメント構造硬質膜の間隔が、0.01μm以下であるとこの間に流体状潤滑剤を十分に含浸することができず、十分な潤滑性を得ることができず、且つ5mm以上ではセグメント構造硬質膜を設けた効果が小さくなってしまう。さらに、セグメント構造硬質膜の厚さが、0.1μm以下であるとこの厚みと同等の各種添加剤が混入されている流体潤滑剤の効果が得ることができず、且つ100μm以上にすると被覆に時間がかかり費用の増加をもたらす。
本発明の複合摺動構造物においては、硬質層と固体潤滑剤層からなる複合摺動膜は、化学気相成長法(プラズマ、光及びレーザCVD法)、スパッタリング法(直流、高周波、マグネトロン及びイオンスパッタリング)及び物理気相成長法(真空及び低圧雰囲気蒸着法)により被覆形成されるが、特に好ましい方法は、プラズマ化学気相成長法である。
複合摺動構造物のメッシュ電極を用いたプラズマ化学気相成長法
本発明の複合摺動構造物の一部を、図1に模式的に示す。本実施例の複合摺動構造物1は、メッシュ電極を用いたプラズマ化学気相成長法により、シリコン基体の基体4上に硬質膜であるダイヤモンド状炭素膜を、セグメント構造硬質膜2とセグメント溝部5を形成するように被覆合成して形成した。メッシュ電極を用いたプラズマ化学気相成長法により被覆合成したダイヤモンド状炭素膜からなるセグメント構造硬質膜2と、それらの間に形成されるセグメント溝部5とを、図5〜図7に顕微鏡写真で示す。これらの図に示されるように、各々のセグメント構造硬質膜2の間に所定の間隔で離間配置するセグメント溝部5を形成することができる。本実施例のダイヤモンド状炭素膜からなるセグメント構造硬質膜2は、1辺が20μm×20μmのほぼ正方形であり、且つセグメント溝部5の幅は20μmであった。
複合摺動構造物の特性評価
本発明のセグメント構造硬質膜2と固体潤滑層5を含む複合摺動構造物1を、ボールオンディスク法により評価した。評価に使用したボールは直径6mmのSUJ2材を使用した。図2に、0.5Nの荷重で負荷した場合のボールオンディスク法により評価した本発明と比較例の摩擦係数と摺動回転数の関係を示す。比較例として同じ大きさのセグメント構造硬質膜のみを含み固体潤滑層を含まない摺動膜構造物の結果も併記した。
本発明の流体状潤滑層を含む複合摺動構造物においては、複合摺動構造物1’のセグメント溝部5’に含浸充填させる流体状潤滑層3’は、液体油、グリースまたはワックスのいずれか一つであり、これらは鉱物油または動植物油を基油とする。これらの基油とする潤滑油はISO粘度グレード(JIS K2001)の表示でISO VG22〜VG220までを使用する。また、これらの潤滑油には種々の添加剤が含まれるが、これらの添加剤が均一に潤滑油内に分散されていることが望ましい。このため潤滑油の油膜が1〜15μm好ましくは1〜5μm程度にすることが必要である。この油膜の厚みに基づいて、複合摺動構造物1’のセグメント溝部5’の深さを1〜100μmの範囲とするために、セグメント構造硬質膜の厚みが1〜100μmの範囲となる。
本発明の複合摺動構造物1’は、メッシュ電極を用いたプラズマ化学気相成長法により被覆合成したダイヤモンド状炭素膜からなるセグメント構造硬質膜と、セグメント溝部とを有する。図5〜図7の複合摺動構造物の表面の顕微鏡写真に示すように、一辺が約20μmのほぼ正方形のダイヤモンド状炭素膜からなるセグメント構造硬質膜が形成されている。そして、各々のセグメント構造硬質膜は、約20μmの間隔で離間配置している。
摺動構造物のセグメント溝部への給油方法
上述のように摺動構造物に設けられたセグメント構造硬質膜の間隔0.1μm〜5mmは、セグメント溝部の幅である。セグメント構造硬質膜は合成条件によって撥油性があり、且つこのセグメント溝部の幅が狭くなる下限側では、流体潤滑剤の粘性及び表面張力に大きさによっては、通常の大気圧ではセグメント溝部への流体状潤滑剤の含浸充填が比較的困難となる。表面張力の相違による流体状潤滑剤の状態を図4(a)及び(b)に示す。流体状潤滑剤は、図4の(b)に示すようにセグメント溝部で凸の状態になるのが好ましい。この流体状潤滑剤の含浸充填を容易にするために、流体状潤滑剤特にグリースは減圧雰囲気中(0.9〜0.1気圧(約8900〜980パスカル))でセグメント溝部に含浸充填する。
セグメント構造硬質膜の寸法とセグメント溝部の交差形状
本発明に流体状潤滑層を含む複合摺動構造物は、0.1μm〜100μmの厚みのセグメント構造硬質膜2が基体4の表面上に0.1μm〜5mmの間隔で離間配置したセグメント溝部5を形成することにより優れた耐摩耗性が備わる。セグメント溝部は、互いに並行の溝部であっても、また互いに交差する溝部であっても、さらに無秩序に交差する溝部であってもよい。
また、本発明の固体潤滑層を含む複合摺動構造物は、セグメント溝部に固体潤滑層が被覆されるので乾燥状態で、周囲の塵芥付着をもたらすため液状潤滑剤を用いることができない、航空宇宙用装置及び超精密装置に特に適用される。
さらに、本発明の流体状潤滑層を含む複合摺動構造物は、セグメント溝部に流体状潤滑層が含浸充填されるので、潤滑剤を補給し難い場所での使用や、メンテナンス時期の延長を計画できるなど、多くの装置に適用される。
Claims (8)
- グラファイト以外の基体の表面に被覆された硬質層を含んでなる複合摺動構造物であって、
前記基体の表面に前記硬質膜を互いに離間して配置されたセグメント構造硬質膜と、各々のセグメント構造硬質膜の間に形成されたセグメント溝部とを備え、且つ
前記セグメント溝部に被覆充填された固体潤滑層、または前記セグメント溝部に含浸充填された液体状潤滑層を含み、
前記セグメント構造硬質膜は、ダイヤモンド、ダイヤモンド状炭素、グラファイト、立方晶ボロンナイトライド及び六方晶ボロンナイトライドから成る群の少なくとも1種であり、
前記固体潤滑層が、ダイヤモンド、ダイヤモンド状炭素、グラファイト、立方晶ボロンナイトライド、六方晶ボロンナイトライド、シリコン、及びフッ素から成る群の少なくとも1種を含み、
前記液体潤滑層は、鉱物油または動植物油を基油とする液体油、グリースまたはワックスのいずれか少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする複合摺動構造物。 - 前記グラファイト以外の基体が、金属材料、グラファイトを除く無機材料及び有機材料のいずれか1種からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合摺動構造物。
- 前記セグメント溝部を形成する各々の前記セグメント構造硬質膜は、一辺または外径が0.1μm〜3mmの大きさであり、
前記セグメント構造硬質膜の間隔が、0.01μm〜1mmであり、且つ
前記セグメント構造硬質膜の厚さが、1nm〜200μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複合摺動構造物。 - 前記セグメント構造硬質膜の間の前記セグメント溝部を離間形成して、変形により前記基体から前記セグメント構造硬質膜の剥離を抑制することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の複合摺動構造物。
- 前記基体上において、前記基体と前記セグメント構造硬質膜の間に非セグメント構造硬質膜が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4に記載の複合摺動構造物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載する複合摺動構造物の製造方法であって、
基体の表面上に硬質膜を互いに離間して被覆されるセグメント構造硬質膜を、物理的気相成長法または化学的気相成長法により被覆形成し、且つ
前記セグメント構造硬質膜の間に離間して配置するセグメント溝部に固体潤滑層を被覆することを特徴とする複合摺動構造物の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載する複合摺動構造物の製造方法であって、
基体の表面上に被覆される非セグメント構造硬質膜と、前記非セグメント構造硬質膜の表面上に硬質膜を互いに離間して被覆されるセグメント構造硬質膜とを、物理的気相成長法または化学的気相成長法により被覆形成し、且つ
前記セグメント構造硬質膜の間に離間して配置するセグメント溝部に固体潤滑層を被覆することを特徴とする複合摺動構造物の製造方法。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載する複合摺動構造物の製造方法であって、前記固体潤滑層がフッ素を含み、前記セグメント溝部にフッ素を含む樹脂をスプレー塗布した後に、60〜300℃で焼成することを特徴とする複合摺動構造物の製造方法。
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