JP4507027B2 - MMP inhibitor - Google Patents
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- JP4507027B2 JP4507027B2 JP19226899A JP19226899A JP4507027B2 JP 4507027 B2 JP4507027 B2 JP 4507027B2 JP 19226899 A JP19226899 A JP 19226899A JP 19226899 A JP19226899 A JP 19226899A JP 4507027 B2 JP4507027 B2 JP 4507027B2
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- gallate
- theasinensin
- epigallocatechin
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カテキン化合物を有効成分とするマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ(matrix metalloproteinases : MMPs)阻害剤に関する。さらに、MMPsによる細胞外基質(extracellular matrix : ECM)の分解によって引き起こされる慢性関節リウマチ、変形性関節症等の関節疾患、癌細胞の転移、歯肉炎等の難治性疾患の治療及び予防に有用なMMPs阻害剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
MMPsは、結合組織の分解及び再構築(remodelling)に関与する一群の酵素で、Zn2+を活性部位にもつ。現在までに16種類ものヒトMMPsが同定され(Nagase, H. : Biol. Chem., 378 : 151-160, 1997)、これらは、一次構造と基質特異性の違いから、コラゲナーゼ群、ゼラチナーゼ群、ストロメライシン群、膜型(MT-MMP)、及びその他(マトリライシン)の5群に分類される。
【0003】
MMPsは、細胞外基質の構成タンパク質、例えば、関節のライニング(lining)、間質性の結合組織、基底膜、軟骨などに存在するタンパク質を分解する。これらのタンパク質は、コラーゲン(collagen)、ラミニン(laminin)、エラスチン(elastin)、フィブロネクチン(fibronectin)、プロテオグリカン(proteoglycan)、などを含む。
【0004】
コラーゲンは、哺乳動物組織の約1/3を占める主要な構造タンパク質であり、軟骨、骨、腱、及び皮膚を含む多くのマトリックス組織の必須な成分である。間質性コラゲナーゼ(MMP-1)は、nativeなI、II、III型コラーゲン分子を3:1の箇所で特異的に切断する。コラゲナーゼにより1箇所を切断されると、通常の組織内では安定なコラーゲン分子は、生理学的温度(体温)で自然に変性して一本鎖のゼラチンとなり、他の様々なプロテアーゼにより分解されるようになる。その結果、マトリックス組織の構造の完全性が失われる。この過程は不可逆的である。
【0005】
ゼラチナーゼ(MMP-2)は、ゼラチン(変性コラーゲン)、IV型コラーゲン(基底膜)及びV型コラーゲン、フイブロネクチン(軟結合組織及び基底膜に存在する高度にクロスリンクした高分子の多機能性糖タンパク質)、及びエラスチン(動脈、腱、皮膚など弾性組織の特殊成分をなす構造タンパク質)を変性させる。
【0006】
ストロメライシン1(MMP-3)及び2(MMP-10)は、ラミニン、フイブロネクチン、プロテオグリカン、及びコラーゲン(IV型及びIX型)を含む広範囲のマトリックス基質を分解する。
【0007】
マトリライシン(MMP-7)も、また、プロテオグリカン、ゼラチン、エラスチン及びラミニンを含む広範囲のマトリックス基質を分解する。
【0008】
正常組織においては、MMPsの活性は、1)潜在型酵素(pro-MMP)の産生、2)その潜在型酵素の活性化、3)活性化酵素のインヒビターによる阻害、の3つのステップで厳密に調節されている。その結果、MMPsによる結合組織の分解と、新しいマトリックス組織の合成とは、ダイナミックに平衡を保っている。
【0009】
しかしながら、多くの病的疾患においては、MMPs活性の調節不能により、MMPs活性が増強し、ECMの分解が亢進する。これらの病的状態は、関節炎(例えば、慢性関節リウマチ及び変形性関節症)、歯周疾患、異所性脈管形成、腫瘍性浸潤及び転移、組織の潰瘍形成(例えば、角膜潰瘍、胃潰瘍、或いは表皮性潰瘍)、骨疾患(例えば、骨粗鬆症及び人工関節置換術後の弛みなどの骨吸収性疾患)、血管再閉塞及び再狭窄、HIV感染及び糖尿病合併症、等の難治性疾患の治癒を遅延させている主要な原因の一つとなっている。したがって、MMPsに対して阻害作用を有する物質は、これら難治性疾患の予防及び治療剤として有用であると考えられる。
【0010】
例えば、血管新生の阻害やMMPsの活性化の阻害による癌転移治療薬として、ヒドロキサム酸骨格をもつマリマスタット(3R-(2,2-ジメチル-1S-メチルカルバモイル-プロピルカルバモイル)-2S-ヒドロキシ-5-メチル-ヘキサノ-ヒドロキサム酸)を始めとして、いくつかの抗転移薬剤が臨床開発中である。しかし、これらの抗腫瘍転移薬剤は、腫瘍細胞の生物学的特徴を標的としているので、抗癌剤のように、直接的腫瘍縮小効果が認めらないため、抗癌剤の評価基準をそのまま適用して判断するのが難しく、その有用性の臨床評価はこれからである。
【0011】
その他、MMPs阻害剤として、フラボノイド化合物(特開平8-104628号公報)、エスクレチン誘導体(特開平8-183785号公報)、スルホニルアミノ酸誘導体(特開平9-309875号公報)、TIMPs(特開平10-17492号公報)、等が知られている。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように、これまで報告されている数多くのMMPs阻害剤の臨床応用について、抗腫瘍転移薬剤を例にとれば、その臨床的有用性は、まだ不明であり、さらに新たなMMPs阻害剤の候補物質の開発が求められている。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために、カテキン化合物の抗酸化活性や抗ウイルス活性、など多様な生物活性に着目し、カテキン化合物がMMPsに対して阻害作用を有するかもしれないと推測し、カテキンのMMPs阻害活性を調べた結果、カテキンが、その多様な生物活性と併せて、MMP阻害作用を示し、結果として、MMPs活性の調節不能に起因する難治性疾患の治療及び予防に対する有用性が期待できることを見出した。
【0014】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)カテキン化合物を有効成分として含有するマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ(MMPs)阻害剤、
(2)カテキン化合物が、theasinensin A、theasinensin F、theasinensin D、theasinensin G、oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate、oolongtheanin、assamicain A、assamicain C、oolonghomobisflavan C,EGCG 6-6 EGCG、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'-di-O-gallate、8-C-ascorbyl(-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate)、epitheaflagallin 3-O-gallate、theaflavin 3'-O-gallate、theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate、(+)catechin、(-)catechin、(-)epicatechin、(±)gallocatechin、(-)epigallocatechin、(-)catechin-3-O-rha、(-)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate、epicatechin-3-O-gallate、(-)catechin(-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8)(-)catechin、である(1)のマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ(MMPs)阻害剤、
(3)カテキン化合物を有効成分として含有するマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ(MMPs)活性調節不能に起因する難治性疾患の治療及び予防剤、
(4)難治性疾患が慢性関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、歯周疾患、異所性脈管形成、腫瘍性浸潤及び転移、潰瘍形成、骨疾患、血管再閉塞、血管再狭窄、HIV感染症、又は糖尿病合併症である(3)の治療及び予防剤、
(5)カテキン化合物が、theasinensin A、theasinensin F、theasin-ensin D、theasinensin G、oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate、oolongtheanin、assamicain A、assamicain C、oolonghomobisflavan C,EGCG 6-6 EGCG、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'-di-O-gallate、8-C-ascorbyl(-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate)、epitheaflagallin 3-O-gallate、theaflavin 3'-O-gallate、theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate、(+)catechin、(-)catechin、(-)epicatechin、(±)gallocatechin、(-)epigallocatechin、(-)catechin-3-O-rha、(-)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate、epicatechin-3-O-gallate、(-)catechin(-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8)(-)catechin、である(3)又は(4)の予防及び治療剤、
に関する。
【0015】
【発明の実施形態】
カテキンは、木本植物の木心に多く含まれる水溶性のポリフェノールで、縮合型タンニンの前駆体と考えられている。茶には数種のカテキンが含まれており、茶特有の渋み成分をなしている。緑茶中のカテキン含量は10〜15%で、エピガロカテキンガレートが半量以上を占める。カテキンには、抗酸化活性、抗ウイルス作用、など多様な生物活性があり、抗癌剤との併用による抗癌の増強(特開平10ー036260公報)や、インフルエンザウイルス感染阻止効果(島村忠勝 : 日本医事新報, No. 3737 : 126-127, 平成7.12.9)、などが記載されている。しかしながら、カテキンが、MMPsに対して阻害作用を示すことは、これまで知られていない。
【0016】
本発明には、緑茶、紅茶などの茶葉から、水や低級アルコールなどの水性溶媒、或いはアセトン、酢酸エチルなどの有機溶媒で抽出して得られるカテキン化合物、さらには、これらを分画、精製したカテキン化合物、などを用いることができるが、他の植物から抽出単離したもの(市販されている)や化学合成したものでもよい(Nonaka, G. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 34: 61-65, 1986; Hashimoto, F. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36: 1676-1684, 1988; Hashimoto, F. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37: 3255-3263, 1989)。
例えば、theasinensin A(1)、theasinensin F(2)、theasinensin D(3)、theasinensin G(4)、oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate(5)、oolongtheanin(6)、assamicain A(7)、assamicain C(8)、oolonghomobisflavan C,EGCG 6-6 EGCG(9)、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate(10)、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'-di-O-gallate(11)、8-C-ascorbyl(-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate)(12)、epi-theaflagallin 3-O-gallate(13)、theaflavin 3'-O-gallate(14)、the-aflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate(15)、(+)catechin(16)、(-)catechin(17)、(-)epicatechin(18)、(±)gallocatechin(19)、(-)epigallocatechin(20)、(-)catechin-3-O-rha(21)、(-)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate(22)、epicatechin-3-O-gallate(23)、(-)catechin(-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8)(-)catechin(24)、などが挙げられるが、本発明のMMPs阻害活性を有するその他のカテキン化合物も本発明に包含される。本発明においては、これらのカテキン化合物を単独又は組み合わせて用いることができる。
【0017】
本発明において、カテキン化合物は、実施例に示すように、MMPs阻害作用を有することが明らかにされた。癌組織中でその活性型が検出されているMMP-2(Davies, B. et al.: Cancer Res. 53: 5365-5369, 1993; Emonard, H.P. et al.: Cancer Res. 52: 5845-5848, 1992)、癌細胞表層で潜在型MMP-2と相互作用するMT1-MMP、及び通常の上皮性細胞には発現しないが、上皮性の癌細胞である大腸癌や胃癌で特異的に発現が亢進しているMMP-7(Mori, M. et al.: Cancer, 75: 1516-1519, 1995; Kataoka, H. Oncol. Res. 9: 101-109, 1997)に対して、カテキン化合物が、極めて低濃度で阻害作用を示すことは、注目すべきことである。癌組織中の活性型MMP-2の存在は、胃癌や乳癌にの浸潤度と非常によく相関していることから(Polette, M. et al.: Virchows Arch. 428: 29-35, 1996)、MMP-2の癌浸潤における役割がさらにクローズアップされている。MT1-MMPは、潜在型MMP-2の細胞膜上の活性化因子であることが証明されており(Sato, H. et al.: Nature, 370: 61-65, 1994)、さらにMT1-MMPが、様々な癌細胞の膜上に発現していることが示されている(Yamamoto, M. et al.: Cancer Res. 56: 384-392, 1996; Okada, A. et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 2730-2734, 1995; Ohtani, H. et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 68: 565-570, 1996)。それに加え、MT1-MMP自身もI、II、III型コラーゲン、フィブロネクチンを分解することが報告され(Ohuchi, E. et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 272: 2466-2451, 1997)、この酵素が発現することは、ECM分解を2方向から助長することが示唆される。エピガロカテキンと他のカテキンとを組み合わせることにより、MMPs阻害作用のスペクトラムの拡大、相加効果、あるいは相乗効果が期待される。
【0018】
本発明のカテキンを有効成分とするMMPs阻害剤の製剤形態は、一般的な形態でよい。カテキン単独、又はカテキンと製剤上許容できる単体若しくは希釈剤との混合物のいずれでも、製剤として使用することができる。製剤中の有効成分の量も限定されるものではない。
【0019】
本発明のMMPs阻害剤は、経口又は非経口のいずれでも投与することができる。投与量は、年令、個人差、病状等に依るので、特に限定されないが、1日当たり0.1〜500mg/kg(体重)、好ましくは、0.5〜200mg/kg(体重)である。通常、1日量を、1回又は2〜4回に分けて投与する。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0021】
[実施例1]
マトリライシン(MMP-7)、膜型のMT1-MMP(membrene-type MMP)、及びゼラチナーゼA(MMP-2)のcDNA(Nagase, H. : Biol. Chem., 378 : 151-160, 1997 ; Sato, H. et al.: Nature, 370 : 61-65, 1994 ; Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med., 4 : 197-250, 1993)を、C末端にヒスチジン6残基を持つ組換え潜在型酵素(proMMP)として、大腸菌大量発現系を用い発現させた後活性化した。
発現ベクターpTH-72は、タンデムリピートのT7プロモーターの下流に、リボソーム結合部位、翻訳開始コドン、マルチクローニング部位、ヘキサヒスチジンタグをコードする配列、及び翻訳終始コドンを含んでいる。
ヒトMT1-MMP(プロドメイン-触媒ドメイン)cDNAを、5’PCRプライマー:5'-ggcggatccatgctcgcctccctcggctcg-3'(配列番号:1)、及び3'PCRプライマー:3'-gccgtcgacgttcccgtcacagatgttggg-5'(配列番号:2)を用い、MT1-MMPの3.5kb cDNA断片を含むpME18S-MTMMPを鋳型として、PCR反応を行った。得られた18Leuから322Asnまでをコードする0.8kb PCR断片をBam HI/Sal Iで消化し、pTH-72発現ベクター(pTH-MT1MMP-PC)のBam HI/Sal I部位にクローン化した。
ヒトMMP-2(プロドメイン-触媒ドメイン)cDNAを、5’PCRプライマー:5'-ggcggatccatggcgccgtcgcccatcatc-3'(配列番号:3)、及び3'PCRプライマー:3'-gccgtcgactacaatgtcctgtttgcagat-5'(配列番号:4)を用い、MMP-2の3.3kb cDNA断片を含むpSG-GelAを鋳型として、PCR反応を行った。得られた30Alaから474Valまでをコードする1.3kbPCR断片をBam HI/Sal Iで消化し、pTH-72発現ベクター(pTH-MMP2-PC)のBam HI/Sal I部位にクローン化した。
ヒトMMP-7は、文献記載の方法(Itoh, M. et al.: J. Biochem., 119 : 667-673, 1996)で発現させた。
ヒト組換えMMPsの発現、精製、及び巻き戻し(リフォールディング;refolding)は、文献記載の方法(例えば、西村義文,大野茂雄 監修 : タンパク実験プロトコール, 細胞工学別冊 実験プロトコールシリーズ2 構造解析編, 1997)に準じて行った。すなわち、MMPsを含む発現ベクター(pTH-MMP-7、pTH-MT1-MMP-PC、或いはpTH-MMP2-PC)を、大腸菌BL21(DE3)株にトランスフェクトし、IPTGで発現誘導した。発現タンパクは、Ni-NTA樹脂(QIAGEN INC., USA)を用いてアフィニティー精製後、リフォールディングを行った。
【0022】
MMP-7およびMT1-MMPはトリプシンと37℃、5分間反応後、DIFP(diisopropylphosphofluoridate)とトリプシン阻害剤(Tris-HCl 50mM, NaCl 150mM, CaCl2 10mM, NaN3 0.02%, Brij35 0.05%)を加えて活性型へ移行させた。一方、MMP-2はp-APMA(p-aminophenylmerucuric acetate)と37℃、15分間反応させて活性型へ移行させた。
【0023】
これらを酵素標本とし、蛍光性ペプチド基質(MOCAc/DNP peptide)切断活性反応を、蛍光マイクロプレートリーダー(励起波長 340nm, 蛍光波長 400nm)による蛍光強度で測定し、酵素活性とした。カテキン化合物は、一般式(I)で示す(式中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、及びR7は、表1〜4にそれぞれ対応する化学式を示した。rhaは、L-ラムノースを示す。)。
【0024】
【化1】
【0025】
【表1】
【0026】
【表2】
【0027】
【表3】
【0028】
【表4】
【0029】
すなわち、theasinensin A(1)、theasinensin F(2)、theasinensin D(3)、theasinensin G(4)、oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate(5)、oolongtheanin(6)、assamicain A(7)、assamicain C(8)、oolonghomobisflavan C,EGCG 6-6 EGCG(9)、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate(10)、(-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'-di-O-gallate(11)、8-C-ascorbyl(-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate)(12)、epi-theaflagallin 3-O-gallate(13)、theaflavin 3'-O-gallate(14)、the-aflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate(15)、(+)catechin(16)、(-)catechin(17)、(-)epicatechin(18)、(±)gallocatechin(19)、(-)epigallocatechin(20)、(-)catechin-3-O-rha(21)、(-)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate(22)、epicatechin-3-O-gallate(23)、(-)catechin(-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8)(-)catechin(24)である。
【0030】
カテキン化合物は、50%エタノールに溶解させ10mMとし、水で1mM, 300μM, 100μM, 30μM, 10μM, 3μMに希釈した。MMPs阻害活性の測定は、活性型MMP40μl, カテキン20μl, アッセイバッファー20μl (Tris-HCl pH7.5 500mM, NaCl 1.5M, CaCl2 100mM, ZnSO4 500μM, NaN3 30mM, Brij35 0.05%)を、37℃、15分間プレインキュベーションした後、MOCAc/DNP peptide 120μl (4.16μM)を添加し、37℃、15分毎に2時間反応させた。2時間後の50%酵素阻害濃度(IC50)を、表5に示す。
【0031】
【表5】
【0032】
表5から、カテキン化合物が、MMPs阻害作用を有することが明らかである。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、カテキン化合物が、MMPsに対する阻害作用を有することが明らかにされた。MMPsを有効成分として含有するMMPs阻害剤は、MMPs活性調節不能に起因する難治性疾患、例えば、関節炎(例えば、慢性関節リウマチ及び変形性関節症)、歯周疾患、異所性脈管形成、腫瘍性浸潤及び転移、組織の潰瘍形成(例えば、角膜潰瘍、胃潰瘍、或いは表皮性潰瘍)、骨疾患(例えば、骨粗鬆症及び人工関節置換術後の弛みなどの骨吸収性疾患)、血管再閉塞及び再狭窄、HIV感染及び糖尿病合併症、等の治療及び予防剤として期待できる。
【配列表】
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibitor comprising a catechin compound as an active ingredient. Furthermore, it is useful for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis caused by the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by MMPs, metastasis of cancer cells, and intractable diseases such as gingivitis. It relates to MMPs inhibitors.
[0002]
[Prior art]
MMPs are a group of enzymes involved in connective tissue degradation and remodelling, with Zn 2+ in the active site. To date, as many as 16 types of human MMPs have been identified (Nagase, H .: Biol. Chem., 378: 151-160, 1997). These are due to differences in primary structure and substrate specificity. It is classified into five groups: stromelysin group, membrane type (MT-MMP), and others (matrilysin).
[0003]
MMPs degrade extracellular matrix constituent proteins, such as those present in joint lining, interstitial connective tissue, basement membranes, cartilage and the like. These proteins include collagen, laminin, elastin, fibronectin, proteoglycan, and the like.
[0004]
Collagen is a major structural protein that occupies about one third of mammalian tissue and is an essential component of many matrix tissues including cartilage, bone, tendons, and skin. Interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) specifically cleaves native type I, II, and III collagen molecules at a 3: 1 site. When a collagenase is cleaved at one site, collagen molecules that are stable in normal tissues are naturally denatured at physiological temperature (body temperature) to become single-stranded gelatin that is degraded by various other proteases. become. As a result, the structural integrity of the matrix structure is lost. This process is irreversible.
[0005]
Gelatinase (MMP-2) consists of gelatin (denatured collagen), type IV collagen (basement membrane) and type V collagen, fibronectin (a highly cross-linked macromolecular multifunctional glycoprotein present in soft connective tissue and basement membrane) ), And elastin (a structural protein that forms a special component of elastic tissues such as arteries, tendons, and skin).
[0006]
Stromelysin 1 (MMP-3) and 2 (MMP-10) degrade a wide range of matrix substrates including laminin, fibronectin, proteoglycan, and collagen (type IV and type IX).
[0007]
Matrilysin (MMP-7) also degrades a wide range of matrix substrates including proteoglycans, gelatin, elastin and laminin.
[0008]
In normal tissues, the activity of MMPs is strictly determined in three steps: 1) production of a latent enzyme (pro-MMP), 2) activation of the latent enzyme, and 3) inhibition by an inhibitor of the activated enzyme. It has been adjusted. As a result, the degradation of connective tissue by MMPs and the synthesis of a new matrix structure are in dynamic equilibrium.
[0009]
However, in many pathological diseases, dysregulation of MMPs activity increases MMPs activity and enhances ECM degradation. These pathological conditions include arthritis (eg, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis), periodontal disease, ectopic angiogenesis, neoplastic invasion and metastasis, tissue ulceration (eg, corneal ulcer, gastric ulcer, Or epidermal ulcers), bone diseases (eg osteoporosis and bone resorbable diseases such as loosening after joint replacement), vascular reocclusion and restenosis, HIV infection and diabetic complications, etc. It is one of the main causes of delay. Therefore, substances having an inhibitory action on MMPs are considered useful as preventive and therapeutic agents for these intractable diseases.
[0010]
For example, as a therapeutic agent for cancer metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis or inhibiting MMPs, marimastat (3R- (2,2-dimethyl-1S-methylcarbamoyl-propylcarbamoyl) -2S-hydroxy- Several antimetastatic drugs are in clinical development, including 5-methyl-hexano-hydroxamic acid). However, since these anti-tumor metastasis drugs target the biological characteristics of tumor cells, they do not have a direct tumor reduction effect like anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, the evaluation criteria for anti-cancer drugs are applied as they are. Therefore, clinical evaluation of its usefulness will continue.
[0011]
In addition, as MMPs inhibitors, flavonoid compounds (JP-A-8-104628), esculetin derivatives (JP-A-8-183785), sulfonylamino acid derivatives (JP-A-9-309875), TIMPs (JP-A-10-104) No. 17492) is known.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, regarding the clinical application of many MMPs inhibitors that have been reported so far, taking anti-tumor metastasis drugs as an example, their clinical usefulness is still unclear, and further candidates for new MMPs inhibitors There is a need for the development of materials.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have focused on various biological activities such as antioxidant activity and antiviral activity of catechin compounds, and speculated that catechin compounds may have an inhibitory action on MMPs. As a result of investigating the MMPs inhibitory activity of catechin, catechin shows MMP inhibitory action in combination with its various biological activities, and as a result, it is useful for the treatment and prevention of refractory diseases caused by dysregulation of MMPs activity. I found out that sex can be expected.
[0014]
That is, the present invention
(1) Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibitors containing catechin compounds as active ingredients,
(2) The catechin compounds are theasinensin A, theasinensin F, theasinensin D, theasinensin G, oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate, oolongtheanin, assamicain A, assamicain C, oolonghomobisflavan C, EGCG 6-6 EGCG, (-)-epigallocatechin 3 , 5-di-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'-di-O-gallate, 8-C-ascorbyl (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate), epitheaflagallin 3 -O-gallate, theaflavin 3'-O-gallate, theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate, (+) catechin, (-) catechin, (-) epicatechin, (±) gallocatechin, (-) epigallocatechin, (-) catechin-3-O-rha, (-) epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, (-) catechin (-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8) (- ) catechin, (1) a matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) inhibitor,
(3) A therapeutic and prophylactic agent for intractable diseases caused by dysregulation of matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) activity containing a catechin compound as an active ingredient,
(4) Intractable diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, ectopic angiogenesis, neoplastic invasion and metastasis, ulceration, bone disease, vascular reocclusion, vascular restenosis, HIV infection Or a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for (3) which is a complication of diabetes,
(5) The catechin compounds are theasinensin A, theasinensin F, theasin-ensin D, theasinensin G, oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate, oolongtheanin, assamicain A, assamicain C, oolonghomobisflavan C, EGCG 6-6 EGCG, (-)- epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'-di-O-gallate, 8-C-ascorbyl (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate), epitheaflagallin 3-O-gallate, theaflavin 3'-O-gallate, theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate, (+) catechin, (-) catechin, (-) epicatechin, (±) gallocatechin, (-) epigallocatechin, (-) catechin-3-O-rha, (-) epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, (-) catechin (-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8) (-) catechin, (3) or (4) preventive and therapeutic agent,
About.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Catechin is a water-soluble polyphenol that is abundant in the heart of woody plants and is considered a precursor of condensed tannins. There are several types of catechins in tea, making them astringent ingredients unique to tea. The catechin content in green tea is 10-15%, and epigallocatechin gallate accounts for more than half. Catechin has various biological activities such as anti-oxidant activity and anti-viral activity. It enhances anti-cancer by using in combination with anti-cancer drugs (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-036260) and prevents influenza virus infection (Tadakatsu Shimamura: Nippon Medical Corporation) New report, No. 3737: 126-127, 7.12.9). However, it has not been known so far that catechin exhibits an inhibitory action on MMPs.
[0016]
In the present invention, catechin compounds obtained by extraction from tea leaves such as green tea and black tea with an aqueous solvent such as water and lower alcohol, or an organic solvent such as acetone and ethyl acetate, and further, these are fractionated and purified. Catechin compounds, etc. can be used, but those extracted and isolated from other plants (commercially available) or chemically synthesized (Nonaka, G. et al .: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 34: 61-65, 1986; Hashimoto, F. et al .: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36: 1676-1684, 1988; Hashimoto, F. et al .: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37: 3255-3263, 1989) .
For example, theasinensin A (1), theasinensin F (2), theasinensin D (3), theasinensin G (4), oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate (5), oolongtheanin (6), assamicain A (7) (8), oolonghomobisflavan C, EGCG 6-6 EGCG (9), (-)-epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate (10), (-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'- di-O-gallate (11), 8-C-ascorbyl (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate) (12), epi-theaflagallin 3-O-gallate (13), theaflavin 3'-O-gallate (14) ), The-aflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate (15), (+) catechin (16), (-) catechin (17), (-) epicatechin (18), (±) gallocatechin (19) , (-) Epigallocatechin (20), (-) catechin-3-O-rha (21), (-) epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (22), epicatechin-3-O-gallate (23), (- ) catechin (-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8) (-) catechin (24), etc., but other catechins having the MMPs inhibitory activity of the present invention Compounds are also encompassed by the present invention. In the present invention, these catechin compounds can be used alone or in combination.
[0017]
In the present invention, as shown in the examples, the catechin compound has been shown to have an MMPs inhibitory action. MMP-2 whose active form has been detected in cancer tissues (Davies, B. et al .: Cancer Res. 53: 5365-5369, 1993; Emonard, HP et al .: Cancer Res. 52: 5845-5848 , 1992), MT1-MMP that interacts with latent MMP-2 on the surface of cancer cells and not expressed in normal epithelial cells, but specifically expressed in colon cancer and gastric cancer, which are epithelial cancer cells For enhanced MMP-7 (Mori, M. et al .: Cancer, 75: 1516-1519, 1995; Kataoka, H. Oncol. Res. 9: 101-109, 1997) It is noteworthy that it exhibits an inhibitory effect at very low concentrations. The presence of active MMP-2 in cancer tissues correlates very well with the degree of invasion of gastric and breast cancer (Polette, M. et al .: Virchows Arch. 428: 29-35, 1996) Further, the role of MMP-2 in cancer invasion is further highlighted. MT1-MMP has been shown to be an activator on the cell membrane of latent MMP-2 (Sato, H. et al .: Nature, 370: 61-65, 1994). Have been shown to be expressed on the membranes of various cancer cells (Yamamoto, M. et al .: Cancer Res. 56: 384-392, 1996; Okada, A. et al .: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92: 2730-2734, 1995; Ohtani, H. et al .: Int. J. Cancer, 68: 565-570, 1996). In addition, MT1-MMP itself has been reported to degrade type I, II, III collagen and fibronectin (Ohuchi, E. et al .: J. Biol. Chem. 272: 2466-2451, 1997). It is suggested that ECM promotes ECM degradation from two directions. The combination of epigallocatechin and other catechins is expected to expand the spectrum of MMPs inhibitory action, additivity effect, or synergistic effect.
[0018]
The preparation form of the MMPs inhibitor containing the catechin of the present invention as an active ingredient may be a general form. Either catechin alone or a mixture of catechin and a pharmaceutically acceptable simple substance or diluent can be used as a preparation. The amount of the active ingredient in the preparation is not limited.
[0019]
The MMPs inhibitor of the present invention can be administered either orally or parenterally. The dosage is not particularly limited because it depends on age, individual difference, medical condition, etc., but is 0.1 to 500 mg / kg (body weight), preferably 0.5 to 200 mg / kg (body weight) per day. Usually, the daily dose is administered once or divided into 2 to 4 times.
[0020]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0021]
[Example 1]
Matrilysin (MMP-7), membrane-type MT1-MMP (membrene-type MMP), and gelatinase A (MMP-2) cDNA (Nagase, H .: Biol. Chem., 378: 151-160, 1997; Sato , H. et al .: Nature, 370: 61-65, 1994; Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med., 4: 197-250, 1993), a recombination potential with 6 histidine residues at the C-terminus. As a type enzyme (proMMP), it was activated after being expressed using an Escherichia coli mass expression system.
The expression vector pTH-72 contains a ribosome binding site, a translation initiation codon, a multicloning site, a sequence encoding a hexahistidine tag, and a translation termination codon downstream of the tandem repeat T7 promoter.
Human MT1-MMP (pro-domain-catalyst domain) cDNA was extracted from 5 ′ PCR primer: 5′-ggcggatccatgctcgcctccctcggctcg-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 1) and 3 ′ PCR primer: 3′-gccgtcgacgttcccgtcacagatgttggg-5 ′ (SEQ ID NO: Using 2), a PCR reaction was performed using pME18S-MTMMP containing a 3.5 kb cDNA fragment of MT1-MMP as a template. The resulting 0.8 kb PCR fragment encoding 18 Leu to 322 Asn was digested with Bam HI / Sal I and cloned into the Bam HI / Sal I site of the pTH-72 expression vector (pTH-MT1MMP-PC).
Human MMP-2 (prodomain-catalyst domain) cDNA was converted into 5 ′ PCR primer: 5′-ggcggatccatggcgccgtcgcccatcatc-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 3), and 3 ′ PCR primer: 3′-gccgtcgactacaatgtcctgtttgcagat-5 ′ (SEQ ID NO: Using 4), a PCR reaction was performed using pSG-GelA containing a 3.3 kb cDNA fragment of MMP-2 as a template. The resulting 1.3 kb PCR fragment encoding from 30 Ala to 474 Val was digested with Bam HI / Sal I and cloned into the Bam HI / Sal I site of the pTH-72 expression vector (pTH-MMP2-PC).
Human MMP-7 was expressed by a method described in the literature (Itoh, M. et al .: J. Biochem., 119: 667-673, 1996).
Expression, purification, and refolding of human recombinant MMPs are performed by methods described in the literature (for example, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Shigeo Ohno: Protein Experiment Protocol, Cell Engineering Separate Experiment Protocol Series 2 Structural Analysis, 1997) ). That is, an expression vector containing MMPs (pTH-MMP-7, pTH-MT1-MMP-PC, or pTH-MMP2-PC) was transfected into E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain, and expression was induced with IPTG. The expressed protein was refolded after affinity purification using Ni-NTA resin (QIAGEN INC., USA).
[0022]
MMP-7 and MT1-MMP were reacted with trypsin at 37 ° C for 5 minutes, and then DIFP (diisopropylphosphofluoridate) and a trypsin inhibitor (Tris-HCl 50 mM, NaCl 150 mM, CaCl 2 10 mM, NaN 3 0.02%, Brij35 0.05%) were added. To the active form. On the other hand, MMP-2 was reacted with p-APMA (p-aminophenylmerucuric acetate) at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes to shift to the active form.
[0023]
Using these as enzyme specimens, the fluorescence peptide substrate (MOCAc / DNP peptide) cleavage activity reaction was measured by the fluorescence intensity with a fluorescence microplate reader (excitation wavelength: 340 nm, fluorescence wavelength: 400 nm) to obtain enzyme activity. The catechin compound is represented by the general formula (I) (wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 have chemical formulas corresponding to Tables 1 to 4, respectively). rha represents L-rhamnose.)
[0024]
[Chemical 1]
[0025]
[Table 1]
[0026]
[Table 2]
[0027]
[Table 3]
[0028]
[Table 4]
[0029]
Theasinensin A (1), theasinensin F (2), theasinensin D (3), theasinensin G (4), oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate (5), oolongtheanin (6), assamicain A (7), assamicain C (8), oolonghomobisflavan C, EGCG 6-6 EGCG (9), (-)-epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate (10), (-)-epigallocatechin 3,3'-and 3,4'- di-O-gallate (11), 8-C-ascorbyl (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate) (12), epi-theaflagallin 3-O-gallate (13), theaflavin 3'-O-gallate (14) ), The-aflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate (15), (+) catechin (16), (-) catechin (17), (-) epicatechin (18), (±) gallocatechin (19) , (-) Epigallocatechin (20), (-) catechin-3-O-rha (21), (-) epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (22), epicatechin-3-O-gallate (23), (- ) catechin (-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-(4-8) (-) catechin (24).
[0030]
The catechin compound was dissolved in 50% ethanol to 10 mM, and diluted with water to 1 mM, 300 μM, 100 μM, 30 μM, 10 μM, and 3 μM. MMPs inhibitory activity was measured at 37 ° C using activated MMP 40 μl, catechin 20 μl, assay buffer 20 μl (Tris-HCl pH 7.5 500 mM, NaCl 1.5 M, CaCl 2 100 mM, ZnSO 4 500 μM, NaN 3 30 mM, Brij35 0.05%) After pre-incubating for 15 minutes, MOCAc / DNP peptide 120 μl (4.16 μM) was added and reacted at 37 ° C. every 15 minutes for 2 hours. The 50% enzyme inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) after 2 hours is shown in Table 5.
[0031]
[Table 5]
[0032]
From Table 5, it is clear that the catechin compound has an MMPs inhibitory action.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it was revealed that catechin compounds have an inhibitory action on MMPs. MMPs inhibitors containing MMPs as active ingredients are intractable diseases caused by dysregulation of MMPs activity, such as arthritis (eg, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis), periodontal diseases, ectopic angiogenesis, Neoplastic invasion and metastasis, tissue ulceration (eg, corneal ulcer, gastric ulcer, or epidermal ulcer), bone disease (eg, bone resorbable disease such as osteoporosis and loosening after artificial joint replacement), vascular reocclusion and It can be expected as an agent for the treatment and prevention of restenosis, HIV infection and diabetic complications.
[Sequence Listing]
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