JP4392770B2 - Oil with good stability of frying - Google Patents
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- JP4392770B2 JP4392770B2 JP21033099A JP21033099A JP4392770B2 JP 4392770 B2 JP4392770 B2 JP 4392770B2 JP 21033099 A JP21033099 A JP 21033099A JP 21033099 A JP21033099 A JP 21033099A JP 4392770 B2 JP4392770 B2 JP 4392770B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、フライ油の加熱フライ時における経時的な酸価の上昇、着色、重合物の増加が抑制されるフライ安定性の良好な油脂に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フライ油は加熱劣化に伴い、持続性の泡立ち(蟹泡)の発現、着色、発煙等の不都合な現象が起こり、これらの発生が経験的にフライ油の使用限界の目安とされてきた。近年においては、外食・中食市場の拡大や、消費者の健康意識の高まりもあり、揚げ物に対しても品質の向上が求められ、フライ油についてもより厳密な管理が求められている。フライ油の使用基準としては、弁当、惣菜については食品衛生法の衛生規範として、酸価2.5以下、発煙点170℃以上、カルボニル価50以下と定められている。しかしながら、実際上は加熱フライ中に油脂が分解して生成する遊離脂肪酸等の酸含量に比例した値である「酸価」でフライ油を管理することが、簡易測定キットが市販されていることもあり、かなり一般化している。これにより、持ちの良い(寿命の長い)フライ油、即ち、フライ使用時に酸価の上昇が抑制されるフライ油という認識がかなり定着している。
【0003】
フライ油として汎用される大豆油、菜種油は、フライ時の酸価の上昇は比較的遅いとされているが、継続的な加熱により、好ましくない臭いや蟹泡が発生し易く、また、フライヤーへ重合した油がこびり付きやすいという難点がある。一方、フライ油として同様に汎用されるパームの分別液状油(パームオレイン)は、蟹泡の発生やフライヤーへの油のこびり付きといった面では優れているが、酸価の上昇が速く、発煙し、結果として廃油が多くなる傾向にある。
【0004】
かかる様に、酸価でもってフライ油を一元管理する場合、フライ油の種類によって、酸価の指標では使用可能とされながらその他の機能・特性での劣化が著しく、フライ油の使用限界を超えた状態で使用してしまう危険性があったり、また逆に、酸価の上昇がその他の機能・特性での劣化と比べて速いために、結果として廃油が多くなるという不都合が生じる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、酸価を測定するだけでフライ油の使用限界を管理することができ、かつ、酸価の上昇が抑制されたフライ安定性の良い油脂を提供することである。
【0006】
【発明が解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題を達成するために、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の脂肪酸組成とヨウ素価の油脂を特定の条件を満たす様に精製することにより、良好なフライ安定性を示す油脂が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち本発明は、多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の重量比が2.0以上、かつヨウ素価50〜110の油脂を、酸価0.03以下、かつγ−トコフェロール含量300ppm以上に精製することを特徴とするフライ安定性の良い油脂に関する。上記精製はトコフェロールを精製工程中の脱色工程前に添加しすることが好ましい。また、オレイン酸含量が70%以上及びα−リノレン酸含量が6%以下であることが好ましい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明について詳しく説明する。
本発明のフライ安定性の良い油脂とは、フライ時の酸価上昇が遅く、さらに、フライ油劣化に伴う蟹泡の発生や、発煙、着色の現象が共に遅延されたフライ油のことであり、酸価を一元管理することで状態を良好に維持できるフライ油のことである。具体的には、実施例の項で述べる〔フライテスト〕において、フライ日数に対する酸価の上昇が遅く、かつ、酸価の廃油基準(酸価2.5)においても、その他の分析項目がほぼここで定めた基準内(発煙点170℃以上、泡高値50以下、重合物11%以下)である状態の油脂をいう。発煙点が170℃より低くなるとフライ中の発煙が著しくなり好ましくなく、泡高値が50より大きくなるとフライ中の蟹泡の発生が著しくなり好ましくない。また、重合物が11%より多くなると揚げ物の風味・食感が悪くなり好ましくない。色度については、フライする食品素材によって許容範囲が大きく異なっており基準を設定し難いが、一般的には薄い方がより好ましい。
本発明でいうフライ油とは、揚げ油と同義であり、天ぷら、素揚げ、唐揚げ、パン粉衣のフライ物、フリッター、ドーナツ、米菓、スナック類等の揚げ物に使用される。
【0008】
本発明のフライ安定性の良い油脂は、原料としての油脂を選定した後、酸価0.03以下、γ−トコフェロール含量300ppm以上に精製することを特徴とする。原料油脂は、油脂中の多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の比が2.0以上であることが必要である。多価不飽和脂肪酸とは、脂肪酸鎖中に二重結合が複数存在する脂肪酸であり、例えばリノール酸、α−リノレン酸、γ−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸(EPA)、ドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)、共役リノール酸等が挙げられる。1価不飽和脂肪酸とは、脂肪酸鎖中に二重結合が1つ存在する脂肪酸であり、例えばパルミトオレイン酸、オレイン酸、エイコセン酸、エルシン酸等が挙げられる。日常の食生活で消費される植物油に関しては、多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の重量比は、リノール酸量とα−リノレン酸量の和に対するオレイン酸量で代表できる。多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の重量比が2.0より小さい場合は、油脂の加熱に対する安定性が劣り、フライ使用における重合や泡立ちが速くなり好ましくない。
【0009】
原料油脂としては、通常の食用油、例えば大豆油、高オレイン酸大豆油、菜種油、高オレイン酸菜種油、コーン油、紅花油、高オレイン酸紅花油、ヒマワリ油、高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油、綿実油、パーム油、オリーブ油、ゴマ油、シソ油、エゴマ油、亜麻仁油、ブドウ種子油、マカデミアナッツ油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、カボチャ種子油、クルミ油、椿油、茶実油、ボラージ油、小麦胚芽油、藻類油、魚油、牛脂、豚脂等の油脂、および、それらの分別油、硬化油、エステル交換油の中から1種または2種以上の油脂をブレンドすることにより、多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の比が2.0以上、ヨウ素価50〜110に調製して使用することができる。硬化油は栄養学的見地から、トランス酸の少ないものが好ましい。ヨウ素価は50〜110であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60〜100である。ヨウ素価が110より高い場合はフライ使用における酸価の上昇より、蟹泡の発生が速くなる傾向にあり好ましくない。また、ヨウ素価が50より低い場合は、室温で油脂が結晶化して作業性に劣るだけでなく、酸価の上昇が他の劣化指標より速くなる傾向にあり好ましくない。
また、本発明の好ましい態様のひとつとしては、オレイン酸含量が70%以上およびα−リノレン酸含量が6%以下の油脂を使用することであり、フライ安定性に優れているだけではなく、加熱時の刺激臭が少なく、多くの場合液状であり、ハンドリング性に優れている。
【0010】
本発明で行う油脂の精製とは、通常の油脂の精製工程である脱ガム、脱酸、脱色、脱臭の各工程をいい、油脂の耐寒性を高めるために、必要に応じては分別(脱ロウ)の工程を含むものである。脱ガムは、原油に対し熱水を加えガム質を析出せしめ、それを遠心分離によって取り除く工程であり、必要に応じてリン酸を加え、更にガム質を取り除く場合もある。脱酸は、脱ガム油に対し苛性ソーダ水を加え、油脂中の遊離脂肪酸を石けんとし取り除く工程である。脱色は、油脂に対し活性白土0.1〜5.0重量%を添加し、必要に応じては活性炭を添加して、減圧下80〜130℃で処理を行い、油脂の色素成分を取り除く工程である。脱臭とは、高温(200℃以上)、高真空下(20Torr以下)で水蒸気の吹き込みを行い油脂の有臭成分を除去する工程である。本発明においては、精製工程として少なくとも脱色・脱臭の工程を経る必要があり、精製工程に供される油脂は少なくとも脱色工程以前に多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の比が2.0以上であり、ヨウ素価50〜110の油脂に調製されている必要がある。
本発明は、一度精製された油を使用して、再度脱色・脱臭の工程を経ることによっても達成されるが、複数回精製された油脂を用いるのは適当ではない。本発明の原料油脂には、油糧種子からの圧搾抽出油、または、RBDグレードの油脂を使用するのが適当である。RBDグレードとは、精製工程において脱酸が行われず、脱臭工程において有臭成分とともに遊離脂肪酸を蒸留する精製によって得られた油脂である。
【0011】
本発明においては、精製後の油脂のγ−トコフェロール含量が300ppm以上であることが必要である。天然油脂中のトコフェロール類としては一般に、α、β、γ、δのトコフェロール異性体、及び同様のトコトリエノール異性体が知られているが、γ−トコフェロール含量をコントロールすることが、油脂のフライ安定性には重要である。精製後のγ−トコフェロール含量が300ppmに満たないと判断される場合は、脱色工程の前に必要量のトコフェロールを添加することが好ましい。脱色工程前に添加することにより、脱色・脱臭工程における油脂の色落ちが良好である。また、脱色工程の前にγ−トコフェロール含量が500ppm以上であることが好ましい。精製後のγ−トコフェロール含量が300ppmより少ないと、フライ油の着色、重合物の生成が速くなり、好ましくない。
【0012】
精製後の酸価は0.03以下であることが必要であり、脱臭工程の真空度、脱臭温度及び蒸気吹き込み量を調節する。真空度4〜6Torr、温度245〜255℃、蒸気吹き込み対油3重量%であることが好ましい。一般的には脱臭工程においてクエン酸が添加されるが、本発明においては、クエン酸は添加しないか、添加した場合でも対油10ppm以下であることが好ましい。精製後の酸価が0.03より大きいとフライ使用における油脂の酸価上昇の誘導期が短く、酸価上昇が速くなり好ましくない。
【0013】
以上のようにして得られた本発明のフライ安定性の良い油脂は、フライ使用時の酸価上昇が遅く、さらに、フライ油劣化に伴う蟹泡の発生や、発煙の現象が共に遅延されたフライ油であり、酸価を一元管理することでフライ油のトータルの状態を良好に維持できる。本発明の油脂には、一般的に使用される添加物例えばシリコーン樹脂などの熱酸化防止剤などを添加することができる。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はそれらによって限定されるものではない。実施例におけるテスト法、分析法を以下に示す。なお、部、ppm、および%はことわりのない限りいずれも重量基準を示す。
【0015】
〔フライテスト〕
同一規格の容量4リッター超の電気フライヤーにそれぞれのフライ油を4Kg入れ、180℃に加熱、1日につき8時間加熱する。市販の冷凍フライドポテト200gを1時間に1回(1日8回)揚げる。1日のフライ終了後、分析用にフライ油100gのサンプリングを行い、4Kgに満たない部分の差し油を行う。同様のフライ操作を10日間行う。
【0016】
〔泡高、重合物の測定〕
無類井らの方法(油化学,無類井ら,44,387(1995))に準じて行った。すなわち、泡高の測定は、試料油20gを内径28mmのAOM試験用試験管に採取し、160℃に加熱した後、1立方cmのジャガイモを投入し、形成した泡の層の厚さ(mm)を泡高値として行い、重合物の測定は、IR検出器を備えたゲル浸透クロマトグラフによりトリアシルグリセリン単量体より速く溶出する成分面積の全体に対する比(%)をもって重合物量とした。
【0017】
〔色の測定〕
色の測定は基準油脂分析試験法(1996)に準じ、ロビボンド法(12.7ミリセルまたは133.4ミリセルを使用)によって行った。
なお、その他の分析は基準油脂分析試験法(1996)に準じて行った。
【0018】
実施例1
高オレイン酸低リノレン酸菜種(HOLL菜種)のシードからの圧搾抽出油(ヨウ素価99.4、多価不飽和脂肪酸量に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸量の重量比(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=4.6)について、脱臭工程にて真空度4Torr、温度255℃、蒸気吹き込み対油3重量%に設定した以外は通常の条件により、搾油、精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表1に示す。フライテストの結果を表2に示す。
【0019】
比較例1
実施例1と同じHOLL菜種の圧搾抽出油について、脱臭工程にて真空度8Torr、温度245℃に設定した以外は実施例1と同じ条件により、搾油、精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表1に示す。フライテストの結果を表2に示す。
【0020】
比較例2
通常の菜種のシード圧搾抽出油(ヨウ素価114.2、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=1.9)について、実施例1と同じ条件により精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表1に示す。フライテストの結果を表2に示す。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
【表2】
【0023】
表2より、実施例1は比較例1と比べて泡高では同等であるが、酸価の上昇、発煙点の低下が遅く、実施例1の10日目の状態が比較例1の8日目の状態に相当しており、約2割フライ油の持ちが良かった。また、比較例2は、酸価、発煙点は実施例1と同等であるが、泡高の増加が著しく、8日目でフライヤー一面に蟹泡が広がる廃油の状態となった。
【0024】
実施例2
RBDパームオレイン(ヨウ素価60.8、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=3.7)について、脱色工程前にトコフェロールミックス(日清製油製)を600ppm添加し、脱臭工程にて真空度4Torr、温度250℃に設定した以外は通常の条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表3に示す。フライテストの結果を表4に示す。
【0025】
比較例3
実施例2と同じRBDパームオレインについて、トコフェロールミックス600ppmの添加を脱臭工程前にすること以外は、実施例2と同じ条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表3に示す。フライテストの結果を表4に示す。
【0026】
比較例4
実施例2と同じRBDパームオレインについて、トコフェロールの添加工程を除く以外は実施例2と同じ条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表3に示す。フライテストの結果を表4に示す。
【0027】
比較例5
RBDパームミッドフラクション(ヨウ素価46.4、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=4.5)について、脱色工程前にトコフェロールミックスを600ppm添加する実施例2と同じ条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表3に示す。フライテストの結果を表4に示す。
【0028】
【表3】
【0029】
【表4】
【0030】
表3より、トコフェロールを脱臭工程前に添加した比較例3は、トコフェロールを脱色工程前に添加した実施例2と比較して精製油の色度が高くなり、表4のフライテストの結果にもその影響が現れた。実施例2は比較例4と比べて酸価の上昇がやや抑制され、フライ油の着色が著しく抑制されている。また、比較例5は、フライ油の着色は実施例2と同程度であるが、酸価の上昇、発煙点の低下が速く、8日目でほとんど廃油の状態であった。
【0031】
実施例3
RBDハイオレイック大豆油(ヨウ素価88.3、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=10.0)について、脱色工程で活性白土の添加量を3%ととした以外は通常の条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表5に示す。フライテストの結果を表6に示す。
【0032】
実施例4
実施例3と同じRBDハイオレイック大豆油について、脱色工程で活性白土の添加量を1%ととした以外は実施例3と同じ条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表5に示す。フライテストの結果を表6に示す。
【0033】
比較例6
RBDハイオレイックヒマワリ油(ヨウ素価88.1、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=8.7)について、脱色工程で活性白土の添加量を3%とする実施例3と同じ条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表5に示す。フライテストの結果を表6に示す。
【0034】
【表5】
【0035】
【表6】
【0036】
表6より、実施例3と実施例4はともにフライ10日目においても酸価、重合物の生成は抑えられていたが、色度を低く抑えて精製した実施例3は実施例4と比べてフライ油の着色が抑制された。また、α−トコフェロールは多いがγ−トコフェロールが少ない比較例6は実施例3と同様に精製したが、酸価、色度、重合物とも実施例3、4よりも上昇が速く、フライ安定性に劣っていた。
【0037】
実施例5
RBDパームオレイン40部と脱酸菜種油60部とを混合し、ヨウ素価92.4、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=2.3とし、脱色工程前にトコフェロールミックスを200ppm添加した後、通常の条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表7に示す。フライテストの結果を表8に示す。
【0038】
比較例7
RBDパームオレイン40部と脱酸大豆油60部とを混合し、ヨウ素価102.2、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=0.8とし、トコフェロールの添加工程を除く以外は実施例5と同じ条件により、脱色・脱臭の精製処理を行った。フライ油の一般分析を表7に示す。フライテストの結果を表8に示す。
【0039】
比較例8
比較例4の精製パームオレイン40部と比較例2の精製菜種油60部とを混合(ヨウ素価92.4、(C18:1/(C18:2+C18:3))=2.3
)し、トコフェロールミックスを200ppm添加した。フライ油の一般分析を表7に示す。フライテストの結果を表8に示す。
【0040】
【表7】
【0041】
【表8】
【0042】
多価不飽和脂肪酸に対する1価不飽和脂肪酸の含量比が低い比較例7は、実施例と比較して重合物の生成が速く、好ましくなかった。比較例8は精製油のブレンドにより、分析上では本発明油脂と変わらないが、酸価の上昇、色度の上昇が速くフライ安定性が劣っていた。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明の油脂を使用することにより、酸価を管理するだけで、フライ油の使用限界を適切に管理することが可能である。また、本発明油脂は酸価の上昇が抑制されているので、フライ油としての‘持ち’にも優れている。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oil and fat with good frying stability in which an increase in acid value over time during heating and frying of the frying oil, coloring, and an increase in polymerized products are suppressed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As frying oil deteriorates by heating, inconveniences such as the appearance of persistent foaming (foaming), coloring, and fuming occur, and these occurrences have been empirically used as a guideline for the use limit of frying oil. In recent years, with the expansion of the restaurant / meal market and increased consumer health awareness, fried foods are required to improve quality and frying oil is also required to be strictly managed. As for the use standards of frying oil, for lunch boxes and prepared dishes, the sanitary norms of the Food Sanitation Law are defined as an acid value of 2.5 or less, a smoke point of 170 ° C. or more, and a carbonyl value of 50 or less. However, in practice, a simple measurement kit is commercially available to manage frying oil with an "acid value" that is proportional to the acid content of free fatty acids and the like produced by the decomposition of fats and oils during heated frying. There is also, and it is quite generalized. As a result, the recognition of good (long-life) frying oil, that is, frying oil in which an increase in the acid value is suppressed during use of the frying is well established.
[0003]
Soybean oil and rapeseed oil, which are widely used as frying oil, are said to have a relatively slow increase in acid value during frying. There is a drawback that the polymerized oil tends to stick. On the other hand, palm fractionated liquid oil (palm olein), which is also commonly used as frying oil, is excellent in terms of generation of soot bubbles and oil sticking to the fryer, but the acid value rises quickly and smokes. As a result, waste oil tends to increase.
[0004]
In this way, when the frying oil is centrally managed with the acid value, depending on the type of frying oil, it can be used with the index of acid value, but the deterioration in other functions and characteristics is significant, exceeding the use limit of frying oil. There is a risk that the oil will be used in a wet state, and conversely, the increase in the acid value is faster than the deterioration in other functions and characteristics, resulting in the disadvantage of increased waste oil.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a fat and oil having good frying stability in which the use limit of frying oil can be managed only by measuring the acid value and the rise in the acid value is suppressed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Invention]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have refined oils and fats having a specific fatty acid composition and iodine value so as to satisfy specific conditions. Was found and the present invention was completed.
That is, the present invention is an oil having a weight ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acid of 2.0 or more and an iodine value of 50 to 110, an acid value of 0.03 or less, and a γ-tocopherol content of 300 ppm. The present invention relates to a fat having good fly stability, characterized by being purified as described above. In the purification, it is preferable to add tocopherol before the decolorization step in the purification step. The oleic acid content is preferably 70% or more and the α-linolenic acid content is preferably 6% or less.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
The oil and fat with good fly stability of the present invention is a frying oil in which the acid value rise during frying is slow, and further, the generation of soot bubbles, smoke generation, and coloring are delayed due to the deterioration of the frying oil. It is a frying oil that can maintain a good state by centrally managing the acid value. Specifically, in the [Fry test] described in the section of the examples, the increase in the acid value with respect to the number of days fried is slow, and the other analysis items are almost the same in the waste oil standard of acid value (acid value 2.5). Fats and oils in the state defined here (smoke point 170 ° C. or higher, bubble height 50 or lower, polymer 11% or lower). If the smoke point is lower than 170 ° C., the smoke in the fly is undesirably increased, and if the bubble height value is higher than 50, the generation of soot bubbles in the fly is not preferable. On the other hand, if the polymer content exceeds 11%, the flavor and texture of the deep-fried food become worse, which is not preferable. Regarding the chromaticity, the allowable range is greatly different depending on the food material to be fried, and it is difficult to set a standard, but in general, a thinner one is more preferable.
The frying oil as used in the present invention is synonymous with fried oil and is used in deep-fried foods such as tempura, deep-fried food, deep-fried food, fried bread crumbs, fritters, donuts, rice crackers, snacks and the like.
[0008]
The fat and oil having good fly stability according to the present invention is characterized by being refined to an acid value of 0.03 or less and a γ-tocopherol content of 300 ppm or more after selecting a fat as a raw material. The ratio of the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fats and oils is required to be 2.0 or more for the raw material fats and oils. The polyunsaturated fatty acid is a fatty acid having a plurality of double bonds in the fatty acid chain. For example, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA), conjugated linoleic acid and the like. A monounsaturated fatty acid is a fatty acid having one double bond in the fatty acid chain, and examples thereof include palmitooleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and erucic acid. For vegetable oils consumed in daily diet, the weight ratio of the amount of monounsaturated fatty acid to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid can be represented by the amount of oleic acid relative to the sum of the amount of linoleic acid and the amount of α-linolenic acid. When the weight ratio of the monounsaturated fatty acid amount to the polyunsaturated fatty acid amount is less than 2.0, the stability of the oil and fat to heating is inferior, and the polymerization and foaming in the use of frying are accelerated.
[0009]
As raw oils and fats, ordinary edible oils such as soybean oil, high oleic acid soybean oil, rapeseed oil, high oleic acid rapeseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, sunflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, Palm oil, olive oil, sesame oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, grape seed oil, macadamia nut oil, hazelnut oil, pumpkin seed oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, tea seed oil, borage oil, wheat germ oil, algae oil, fish oil , Mono-unsaturated with respect to polyunsaturated fatty acid amount by blending one or two or more of fats and oils such as beef tallow and lard and their fractionated oil, hardened oil and transesterified oil The fatty acid amount ratio can be adjusted to 2.0 or more and an iodine value of 50 to 110 can be used. From the nutritional viewpoint, the hydrogenated oil is preferably one having less trans acid. The iodine value is preferably 50 to 110, more preferably 60 to 100. When the iodine value is higher than 110, the generation of soot bubbles tends to be faster than the increase of the acid value in the use of frying. On the other hand, when the iodine value is lower than 50, not only is the fat and oil crystallized at room temperature and the workability is inferior, but also the acid value tends to increase faster than other deterioration indicators.
In addition, one of preferred embodiments of the present invention is to use oils and fats having an oleic acid content of 70% or more and an α-linolenic acid content of 6% or less, which is not only excellent in fly stability but also heated. There are few irritating odors at times, and in many cases it is liquid and has excellent handling properties.
[0010]
The refining of fats and oils carried out in the present invention refers to the usual steps of degreasing, deoxidizing, decoloring and deodorizing the fats and oils. In order to increase the cold resistance of fats and oils, separation (degreasing) is necessary. Process). Degumming is a process in which hot water is added to crude oil to precipitate the gum, which is removed by centrifugation. Phosphoric acid may be added as needed to further remove the gum. Deoxidation is a process in which caustic soda water is added to degummed oil, and free fatty acids in the fat are removed with soap. Decolorization is a process of adding 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of activated clay to the oil and fat, adding activated carbon as necessary, and treating at 80 to 130 ° C. under reduced pressure to remove the pigment component of the oil and fat. It is. Deodorization is a process of removing odorous components of fats and oils by blowing water vapor at a high temperature (200 ° C. or higher) and high vacuum (20 Torr or lower). In the present invention, it is necessary to go through at least a decolorization / deodorization process as the refining process, and the ratio of the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fats and oils used in the refining process is 2 It is necessary to be prepared to oils and fats having an iodine value of 50 to 110.
The present invention can also be achieved by using a once refined oil and again through the steps of decolorization and deodorization. However, it is not appropriate to use oil refined multiple times. As the raw material fats and oils of the present invention, it is appropriate to use a pressed oil extracted from oil seeds or RBD grade fats and oils. RBD grade refers to fats and oils obtained by purification in which deacidification is not performed in the refining process and free fatty acids are distilled together with odorous components in the deodorizing process.
[0011]
In the present invention, it is necessary that the γ-tocopherol content of the refined fat is 300 ppm or more. As tocopherols in natural fats and oils, α, β, γ, and δ tocopherol isomers and similar tocotrienol isomers are generally known. Is important. When it is determined that the γ-tocopherol content after purification is less than 300 ppm, it is preferable to add a necessary amount of tocopherol before the decolorization step. By adding it before the decolorization step, the color fading of fats and oils in the decolorization / deodorization step is good. Further, it is preferable that the γ-tocopherol content is 500 ppm or more before the decolorization step. When the γ-tocopherol content after purification is less than 300 ppm, the coloration of the frying oil and the production of the polymer are accelerated, which is not preferable.
[0012]
The acid value after purification needs to be 0.03 or less, and the degree of vacuum, the deodorizing temperature and the amount of steam blown in the deodorizing step are adjusted. It is preferable that the degree of vacuum is 4 to 6 Torr, the temperature is 245 to 255 [deg.] C., and the steam blowing is 3% by weight of oil. In general, citric acid is added in the deodorizing step, but in the present invention, citric acid is not added, or even when it is added, it is preferably 10 ppm or less for oil. If the acid value after refining is greater than 0.03, the induction period of the increase in the acid value of the fats and oils in the use of frying is short, which is not preferable because the acid value increase is accelerated.
[0013]
The oil and fat with good fly stability of the present invention obtained as described above has a slow increase in acid value during use of the frying, and further, both the generation of soot bubbles accompanying the deterioration of frying oil and the phenomenon of fuming are delayed. It is a frying oil, and the total state of the frying oil can be satisfactorily maintained by centrally managing the acid value. To the fats and oils of the present invention, generally used additives such as thermal antioxidants such as silicone resins can be added.
[0014]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Test methods and analysis methods in the examples are shown below. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, ppm, and% are based on weight.
[0015]
[Fly test]
4 kg of each frying oil is put into an electric fryer with a capacity exceeding 4 liters of the same standard, heated to 180 ° C., and heated for 8 hours per day. 200 g of commercially available frozen fries is fried once an hour (8 times a day). After the end of the day's frying, 100 g of frying oil is sampled for analysis, and a portion less than 4 kg is fed. A similar fly operation is performed for 10 days.
[0016]
(Measurement of foam height and polymer)
This was carried out in accordance with the method of Unseii et al. (Oil Chemistry, Unsaii et al., 44, 387 (1995)). That is, the bubble height was measured by collecting 20 g of sample oil in an AOM test tube having an inner diameter of 28 mm, heating to 160 ° C., and then charging 1 cubic cm of potato, and the thickness of the foam layer (mm ) Was used as the bubble height value, and the amount of the polymer was measured by the ratio (%) of the total component area eluting faster than the triacylglycerol monomer by gel permeation chromatography equipped with an IR detector.
[0017]
[Measurement of color]
The color was measured by the Loby bond method (using 12.7 millicells or 133.4 millicells) in accordance with the standard fat analysis method (1996).
Other analyzes were performed in accordance with the standard oil and fat analysis test method (1996).
[0018]
Example 1
Pressed extracted oil from high oleic acid low linolenic acid rapeseed (HOLL rapeseed) seeds (iodine value 99.4, weight ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18 : 3)) = 4.6) The oil was squeezed and refined under normal conditions except that the degree of vacuum was 4 Torr, the temperature was 255 ° C., and the steam blowing was 3% by weight of oil in the deodorization step. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 1. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 2.
[0019]
Comparative Example 1
About the press extraction oil of the same HOLL rapeseed as Example 1, the oil extraction and the refinement | purification process were performed on the same conditions as Example 1 except having set it as the degree of vacuum 8Torr and temperature 245 degreeC by the deodorizing process. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 1. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 2.
[0020]
Comparative Example 2
A refined treatment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 with respect to a normal rapeseed seed-pressed extracted oil (iodine value 114.2, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 1.9). A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 1. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 2.
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
[Table 2]
[0023]
From Table 2, Example 1 has the same foam height as Comparative Example 1, but the acid value rises and the smoke point declines slowly, and the state of Day 10 of Example 1 is 8 days of Comparative Example 1. It corresponds to the condition of the eyes, and the holding of about 20% frying oil was good. In Comparative Example 2, the acid value and smoke point were the same as in Example 1. However, the foam height increased remarkably, and on the 8th day, the oil was in a state of waste oil in which soot bubbles spread across the fryer.
[0024]
Example 2
About RBD palm olein (iodine value 60.8, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 3.7), 600 ppm of tocopherol mix (manufactured by Nissin Oil Co., Ltd.) was added before the decolorization step, and the deodorization step The decolorization and deodorization purification processes were performed under normal conditions except that the degree of vacuum was 4 Torr and the temperature was 250 ° C. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 3. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 4.
[0025]
Comparative Example 3
About the same RBD palm olein as Example 2, the purification process of decoloring and deodorizing was performed on the same conditions as Example 2 except adding 600 ppm of tocopherol mix before a deodorizing process. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 3. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 4.
[0026]
Comparative Example 4
About the same RBD palm olein as Example 2, the refinement | purification process of decoloring and deodorizing was performed on the same conditions as Example 2 except the addition process of a tocopherol. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 3. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 4.
[0027]
Comparative Example 5
For the RBD palm mid fraction (iodine value 46.4, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 4.5), decolorization was performed under the same conditions as in Example 2 in which 600 ppm of tocopherol mix was added before the decolorization step.・ Deodorization purification process was performed. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 3. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 4.
[0028]
[Table 3]
[0029]
[Table 4]
[0030]
From Table 3, Comparative Example 3 in which tocopherol was added before the deodorization step, the chromaticity of the refined oil was higher than that in Example 2 in which tocopherol was added before the deodorization step. The effect appeared. In Example 2, an increase in the acid value is somewhat suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 4, and coloring of the frying oil is remarkably suppressed. In Comparative Example 5, the coloration of the frying oil was similar to that in Example 2, but the acid value increased rapidly and the smoke point decreased rapidly.
[0031]
Example 3
For RBD high oleic soybean oil (iodine value 88.3, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 10.0), normal conditions except that the amount of activated clay added to 3% in the decolorization step Thus, purification treatment for decolorization and deodorization was performed. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 5. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 6.
[0032]
Example 4
About the same RBD high oleic soybean oil as Example 3, the refinement | purification process of decoloring and deodorizing was performed on the same conditions as Example 3 except having made the addition amount of activated clay 1% in a decoloring process. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 5. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 6.
[0033]
Comparative Example 6
For RBD high oleic sunflower oil (iodine value 88.1, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 8.7) and Example 3 in which the amount of activated clay added is 3% in the decolorization step; Under the same conditions, purification treatment for decolorization and deodorization was performed. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 5. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 6.
[0034]
[Table 5]
[0035]
[Table 6]
[0036]
From Table 6, Example 3 and Example 4 were both suppressed in acid value and polymer formation even on the 10th day of frying, but Example 3 purified with low chromaticity compared to Example 4 As a result, coloring of the frying oil was suppressed. Further, Comparative Example 6 having a large amount of α-tocopherol but a small amount of γ-tocopherol was purified in the same manner as in Example 3. However, the acid value, the chromaticity, and the polymer increased faster than those in Examples 3 and 4, and the fly stability was increased. It was inferior to.
[0037]
Example 5
40 parts of RBD palm olein and 60 parts of deoxidized rapeseed oil are mixed to obtain an iodine value of 92.4 and (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 2.3, and 200 ppm of tocopherol mix is added before the decolorization step. Then, purifying treatment for decolorization and deodorization was performed under normal conditions. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 7. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 8.
[0038]
Comparative Example 7
40 parts of RBD palm olein and 60 parts of deoxidized soybean oil are mixed, the iodine value is 102.2, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 0.8, and except for the addition process of tocopherol. Under the same conditions as in Example 5, purification treatment for decolorization and deodorization was performed. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 7. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 8.
[0039]
Comparative Example 8
40 parts of purified palm olein of Comparative Example 4 and 60 parts of purified rapeseed oil of Comparative Example 2 were mixed (iodine number 92.4, (C18: 1 / (C18: 2 + C18: 3)) = 2.3.
) And 200 ppm of tocopherol mix was added. A general analysis of frying oil is shown in Table 7. The results of the fly test are shown in Table 8.
[0040]
[Table 7]
[0041]
[Table 8]
[0042]
Comparative Example 7 having a low content ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acid was not preferable because the production of the polymer was faster than that of Example. Comparative Example 8 was a blend of refined oils, and it was not different from the fats and oils of the present invention in analysis, but the acid value and chromaticity were increased rapidly and the fly stability was inferior.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
By using the fats and oils of the present invention, it is possible to appropriately manage the use limit of frying oil only by managing the acid value. Moreover, since the increase in the acid value is suppressed, the fats and oils of the present invention are excellent in “holding” as frying oil.
Claims (6)
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JP3735776B2 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2006-01-18 | 株式会社J−オイルミルズ | Oil composition |
JP4463586B2 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2010-05-19 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Soybean oil purification method |
DE102004062141A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | Nutrinova Nutrition Specialties & Food Ingredients Gmbh | Process for the preparation of a crude oil from mixtures of microorganisms and plants, the oil thus produced and the specific uses of the thus prepared and optionally additionally refined oil |
JP5688207B2 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2015-03-25 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Edible oil production method and edible oil produced by the method |
CN102300468B (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-07-10 | 日清奥利友集团株式会社 | Edible cooking oil-and-fat and process for producing same |
JP5635747B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Re-refined palm soft oil, and edible oil and fat composition and food and drink containing the re-refined palm soft oil |
WO2013031333A1 (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | 株式会社J-オイルミルズ | Oil composition and method for producing same |
JP6009875B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2016-10-19 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Process for producing refined fat and oil and refined oil and fat |
WO2019151008A1 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | 株式会社J-オイルミルズ | Method for suppressing increase in anisidine value and decrease in amount of tocopherols in frying fats and oils composition |
WO2020130037A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Oil-and-fat composition and method for producing same |
JP7376266B2 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2023-11-08 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Method for producing oil and fat compositions for heating and cooking, and oil and fat compositions for heating and cooking |
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