JP4252872B2 - レジスト下層膜材料およびパターン形成方法 - Google Patents
レジスト下層膜材料およびパターン形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4252872B2 JP4252872B2 JP2003347141A JP2003347141A JP4252872B2 JP 4252872 B2 JP4252872 B2 JP 4252872B2 JP 2003347141 A JP2003347141 A JP 2003347141A JP 2003347141 A JP2003347141 A JP 2003347141A JP 4252872 B2 JP4252872 B2 JP 4252872B2
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- resist
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- film
- underlayer film
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 104
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 62
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical group C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 14
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- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 11
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- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
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- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diazomethane Chemical class C=[N+]=[N-] YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 CC(C(C)(Cc1cc(C(C)(C)C)ccc1-c1ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc1)C(*)C1C[Sg-])C1=O Chemical compound CC(C(C)(Cc1cc(C(C)(C)C)ccc1-c1ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc1)C(*)C1C[Sg-])C1=O 0.000 description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Ethylaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous collidine Natural products CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1C HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JCJNNHDZTLRSGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-9-ylmethanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CO)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 JCJNNHDZTLRSGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- LJHFIVQEAFAURQ-ZPUQHVIOSA-N (NE)-N-[(2E)-2-hydroxyiminoethylidene]hydroxylamine Chemical class O\N=C\C=N\O LJHFIVQEAFAURQ-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UUGLSEIATNSHRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-3a,6a-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-dione Chemical compound OCN1C(=O)N(CO)C2C1N(CO)C(=O)N2CO UUGLSEIATNSHRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YGCOKJWKWLYHTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[4,6-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-(hydroxymethyl)amino]methanol Chemical compound OCN(CO)C1=NC(N(CO)CO)=NC(N(CO)CO)=N1 YGCOKJWKWLYHTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UBXYXCRCOKCZIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-3-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 UBXYXCRCOKCZIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- IZJVVXCHJIQVOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro(phenyl)methanesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IZJVVXCHJIQVOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
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- CZAVRNDQSIORTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2,2-bis(ethenoxymethyl)butane Chemical compound C=COCC(CC)(COC=C)COC=C CZAVRNDQSIORTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRAJQLYTRXKQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN(C)CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BRAJQLYTRXKQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DVVGIUUJYPYENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyridin-2-one Chemical compound CN1C=CC=CC1=O DVVGIUUJYPYENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
Description
そして、2層レジストプロセスにおいて、2層レジスト膜を一般的なアルカリ現像液で現像するためには、レジスト上層膜材料のベース樹脂として、ヒドロキシ基やカルボキシル基等の親水基を有する高分子シリコーン化合物が好適であるとされている。
これらの高分子シリコーン化合物は、トリアルコキシシシラン、又はトリハロゲン化シランの縮重合によるラダー骨格を含むポリシルセスキオキサンを主鎖に含むものである。
そして、反射率は、レジスト下層膜の屈折率(屈折率の実数部)n値、消光係数(屈折率の虚数部)k値が最適な材料を適切な膜厚に設定することによって、1%以下に抑えることができる。
図1にはレジスト下層膜のk値を0.3に固定し、縦軸をn値、横軸をレジスト下層膜の膜厚として、n値を1.0〜2.0の範囲、膜厚を0〜500nmの範囲で変動させたときの基板反射率の変化を示す。図1を見ると、膜厚が300nm以上の2層レジストプロセス用のレジスト下層膜を想定した場合、屈折率(n値)が、レジスト上層膜と同程度かあるいはそれよりも少し高い1.6〜1.9の範囲で反射率を1%以下にできる最適値が存在することが判る。
このように、2層レジストプロセスにおいては、n値が高く、k値が低く透明でかつエッチング耐性が高いレジスト下層膜が求められている。
一般的には、2層レジストプロセスのレジスト上層膜である珪素含有レジストより、3層レジストプロセスのレジスト上層膜である珪素を含有しない単層レジストの方が解像性に優れ、3層レジストプロセスでは高解像な単層レジストを露光イメージング層として用いることができる。
また、レジスト中間層膜としては、スピンオングラス(SOG)膜が用いられ、多くのSOG膜が提案されている。
例えば、反射防止効果を付与させた珪素含有レジスト中間層膜が提案されている(例えば、特許文献9,10参照。)。
図3より、レジスト中間層膜のk値として0.2以下の低い値と、適切な膜厚設定によって、基板反射率が1%以下の十分な反射防止効果を得ることが出来ることが判る。通常反射防止膜として、膜厚が100nm以下で基板反射率を1%に押さえるためにはk値が0.2以上である必要があるが(図2参照)、レジスト下層膜である程度の反射を押さえることが出来る3層構造の中間層としては0.2より低い値のk値が最適値となる。
ここで、レジスト下層膜のk値が高い方(0.6の場合)が、50nm、110nm、170nm等の最適な中間層の膜厚を選択することによって、より薄膜で基板反射率を1%以下に抑えることが出来る。レジスト下層膜のk値が0.2の場合、250nmの膜厚では、基板反射率を1%以下にするために中間層の膜厚の制限はほとんどない。基板反射制抑中間層の膜厚選択の幅を広げるという観点からは、レジスト下層膜のk値は0.2の方が好ましいが、波長193nmにおけるk値が0.2と0.6の材料の基板加工時のエッチング耐性は、一般的にk値が0.6の材料の方が高い。また、k値が0.6のレジスト下層膜は、最適な中間層の膜厚によって、100nm以下の薄膜化においても、反射率を1%以下にすることが可能であり、高いエッチング耐性からも薄膜化が可能である。
このように、3層レジストプロセスにおいては、基板エッチング時のエッチング耐性がより高く、かつ、k値を最適な範囲に調整することができ、それによりレジスト中間層膜の膜厚が薄い場合であっても、基板反射率を低く抑えることが可能なレジスト下層膜が求められている。
また、このようなレジスト下層膜材料を用いれば、現像後のレジストパターン形状も良好となる。
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を行った結果、ノボラック樹脂に、炭素数4〜20の環状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜30のアリール基等をペンダントすることで、n値、k値な範囲に調整でき、かつ基板エッチング時のエッチング耐性にも優れたものとでき、そして、このような置換基がペンダントされたノボラック樹脂が、2層又は3層レジストプロセス等の多層レジストプロセス用レジスト下層膜として有望な材料であることを見出し、本発明を完成させたものである。
また、このようなレジスト下層膜材料を用いれば、現像後のレジストパターン形状も良好となる。
このような本発明のレジスト下層膜材料は、2層レジストプロセス、3層レジストプロセスの両方に適用可能である。
波長193nmでの透明性向上のためには脂環構造を持つものや、ナフタレン構造を持つものが好ましく用いられる。
一方、波長157nmにおいて、ベンゼン環の吸収は小さすぎて反射防止膜として実用的でなく、透明性を下げてやる必要がある。すなわち、波長157nm付近においてベンゼン環は透明性が向上するウィンドウがあるため、反射防止効果を得られるだけの十分な吸収がなく、吸収波長をずらして吸収を上げてやる必要がある。フラン環はベンゼン環よりも吸収が短波長化して157nmの吸収が若干向上するが効果は小さい。ナフタレン環やアントラセン環、ピレン環は吸収波長が長波長化することによって吸収が増大し、これらの芳香族環はエッチング耐性も向上する効果もあり好ましく用いられる。
HO−R1−R2 (3)
この時の置換率は、クレゾールノボラックの水酸基の10〜60モル%、好ましくは15〜50モル%の範囲である。
以下、これらについて詳しく説明する。
i. 下記一般式(P1a−1)、(P1a−2)、(P1a−3)又は(P1b)のオニウム塩、
ii. 下記一般式(P2)のジアゾメタン誘導体、
iii. 下記一般式(P3)のグリオキシム誘導体、
iv. 下記一般式(P4)のビススルホン誘導体、
v. 下記一般式(P5)のN−ヒドロキシイミド化合物のスルホン酸エステル、
vi. β−ケトスルホン酸誘導体、
vii. ジスルホン誘導体、
viii. ニトロベンジルスルホネート誘導体、
ix. スルホン酸エステル誘導体
等が挙げられる。
又、R101d、R101e、R101f、R101gが式中の窒素原子を環の中に有する複素芳香族環は、イミダゾール誘導体(例えばイミダゾール、4−メチルイミダゾール、4−メチル−2−フェニルイミダゾール等)、ピラゾール誘導体、フラザン誘導体、ピロリン誘導体(例えばピロリン、2−メチル−1−ピロリン等)、ピロリジン誘導体(例えばピロリジン、N−メチルピロリジン、ピロリジノン、N−メチルピロリドン等)、イミダゾリン誘導体、イミダゾリジン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体(例えばピリジン、メチルピリジン、エチルピリジン、プロピルピリジン、ブチルピリジン、4−(1−ブチルペンチル)ピリジン、ジメチルピリジン、トリメチルピリジン、トリエチルピリジン、フェニルピリジン、3−メチル−2−フェニルピリジン、4−tert−ブチルピリジン、ジフェニルピリジン、ベンジルピリジン、メトキシピリジン、ブトキシピリジン、ジメトキシピリジン、1−メチル−2−ピリドン、4−ピロリジノピリジン、1−メチル−4−フェニルピリジン、2−(1−エチルプロピル)ピリジン、アミノピリジン、ジメチルアミノピリジン等)、ピリダジン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、ピラジン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体、ピラゾリジン誘導体、ピペリジン誘導体、ピペラジン誘導体、モルホリン誘導体、インドール誘導体、イソインドール誘導体、1H−インダゾール誘導体、インドリン誘導体、キノリン誘導体(例えばキノリン、3−キノリンカルボニトリル等)、イソキノリン誘導体、シンノリン誘導体、キナゾリン誘導体、キノキサリン誘導体、フタラジン誘導体、プリン誘導体、プテリジン誘導体、カルバゾール誘導体、フェナントリジン誘導体、アクリジン誘導体、フェナジン誘導体、1,10−フェナントロリン誘導体、アデニン誘導体、アデノシン誘導体、グアニン誘導体、グアノシン誘導体、ウラシル誘導体、ウリジン誘導体等が例示される。
ジスルホン誘導体としては、ジフェニルジスルホン誘導体、ジシクロヘキシルジスルホン誘導体等のジスルホン誘導体を挙げることができる。
ビス(ベンゼンスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(p−トルエンスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(シクロヘキシルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(n−ブチルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(イソブチルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(sec−ブチルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(n−プロピルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(イソプロピルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(tert−ブチルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン等のジアゾメタン誘導体、
ビス−O−(p−トルエンスルホニル)−α−ジメチルグリオキシム、ビス−O−(n−ブタンスルホニル)−α−ジメチルグリオキシム等のグリオキシム誘導体、
ビスナフチルスルホニルメタン等のビススルホン誘導体、
N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドメタンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド1−プロパンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド2−プロパンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド1−ペンタンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドp−トルエンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシナフタルイミドメタンスルホン酸エステル、N−ヒドロキシナフタルイミドベンゼンスルホン酸エステル等のN−ヒドロキシイミド化合物のスルホン酸エステル誘導体等が好ましく用いられる。
塩基性化合物としては、酸発生剤より微量に発生した酸が架橋反応を進行させるのを防ぐための、酸に対するクエンチャーの役割を果たす化合物が適している。
本発明のレジスト下層膜12は、フォトレジストと同様にスピンコート法などで基板11上に形成することが可能である。スピンコート法などでレジスト下層膜12を形成した後、有機溶剤を蒸発させ、レジスト上層膜13とのミキシング防止のため、架橋反応を促進させるためにベークをすることが望ましい。ベーク温度は80〜300℃の範囲内で、10〜300秒の範囲内が好ましく用いられる。なお、このレジスト下層膜12の厚さは適宜選定されるが、30〜20,000nm、特に50〜15,000nmとすることが好ましい。レジスト下層膜12を形成した後、その上に珪素含有レジスト層(レジスト上層膜13)を形成する(図6(a)参照)。
2層レジストプロセス用の珪素含有レジストとしては、酸素ガスエッチング耐性の点から、ベースポリマーとしてポリシルセスキオキサン誘導体又はビニルシラン誘導体等の珪素原子含有ポリマーを使用し、更に有機溶剤、酸発生剤、必要により塩基性化合物等を含むポジ型等のフォトレジスト組成物が使用される。なお、珪素原子含有ポリマーとしては、この種のレジスト組成物に用いられる公知のポリマーを使用することができる。
なお、レジスト上層膜13の厚さは特に制限されないが、30〜500nm、特に50〜400nmが好ましい。
現像は、アルカリ水溶液を用いたパドル法、ディップ法などが用いられ、特にはテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの2.38質量%水溶液を用いたパドル法が好ましく用いられ、室温で10秒〜300秒の範囲で行われ、その後純水でリンスし、スピンドライあるいは窒素ブロー等によって乾燥される。
2層レジストプロセスにおけるレジスト下層膜12のエッチングは酸素ガスを主体とするドライエッチングなどでエッチングを行う(図6(d)参照)。酸素ガスを主体とするドライエッチングの場合、酸素ガスに加えて、He、Arなどの不活性ガスや、CO、CO2、NH3、SO2、N2、NO2ガスを加えることも可能である。特に後者のガスはパターン側壁のアンダーカット防止のための側壁保護のために用いられる。
基板加工をフロン系ガスでエッチングした場合、2層レジストプロセスの珪素含有レジストは基板加工と同時に剥離される。
塩素系、臭素系ガスで基板をエッチングした場合は、珪素含有レジストの剥離は基板加工後にフロン系ガスによるドライエッチング剥離を別途行う必要がある。
本発明のレジスト下層膜は、これら基板のエッチング時のエッチング耐性に優れる特徴がある。
先ず、前述の2層レジストプロセスと同様の方法により、基板上にレジスト下層膜22を形成する。
次に、3層レジストプロセスの場合はその上に珪素含有のレジスト中間層膜24、更にその上に珪素を含まない単層レジスト層(レジスト上層膜23)を形成する(図7(a)参照)。
3層レジストプロセス用の珪素含有のレジスト中間層膜24としてはシルセスキオキサンベースのものが好ましく用いられる。このレジスト中間層膜24に反射防止膜として効果を持たせることによって、基板反射を抑えることができる。特に波長193nm露光用としては、レジスト下層膜として芳香族基を多く含み基板エッチング時のエッチング耐性が高い材料を用いると、k値が高くなり基板反射率が高くなるが、レジスト中間層膜で反射を抑えることによって基板反射率を例えば0.5%以下にすることができる。反射防止効果があるレジスト中間層膜としては、波長248nm、波長157nm露光用としてはアントラセン、波長193nm露光用としてはフェニル基または珪素−珪素結合を有し、酸あるいは熱で架橋するシルセスキオキサンが好ましく用いられる。
3層レジストプロセスにおけるレジスト上層膜23は、ポジ型でもネガ型でもどちらでも良く、通常用いられている単層レジストと同じものを用いることができる。
その後常法に従い、3層レジスト膜のパターン回路領域25の露光を行い(図7(b)参照)、ポストエクスポジュアーベーク(PEB)、現像を行い、レジスト上層膜にレジストパターンを得る(図7(c)参照)。
3層レジストプロセスにおけるレジスト中間層膜24のエッチングは、フロン系のガス等を用いて行い、レジストパターンをマスクにしてレジスト中層膜24の加工を行う(図7(d)参照)。次いで前記2層レジストプロセスと同様の酸素ガスを主体とするドライエッチングなどを行い、レジスト中間層膜24に転写されたパターンをマスクにしてレジスト下層膜22の加工を行う(図7(e)参照)。
基板加工をフロン系ガスでエッチングした場合、3層レジストプロセスの珪素含有のレジスト中間層膜24は基板加工と同時に剥離される。
塩素系、臭素系ガスで基板をエッチングした場合は、珪素含有のレジスト中間層膜24の剥離は基板加工後にフロン系ガスによるドライエッチング剥離を別途行う必要がある。
本発明のレジスト下層膜は、これら基板のエッチング時のエッチング耐性に優れる特徴がある。
(合成例1)
300mLのフラスコにm−クレゾール120g、37%ホルマリン水溶液54g、シュウ酸3gを加え、撹拌しながら100℃で24時間撹拌させた。反応後メチルイソブチルケトン300mLに溶解し、充分な水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、溶媒を減圧除去し150℃、2mmHgまで減圧し水分、未反応モノマーを除いた。
300mLのフラスコに合成したノボラック樹脂120g、9−アントラセンメタノール41gをTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)溶媒に溶解させ、トシル酸0.5gを加え、80℃で24時間撹拌させた。水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、THFを減圧除去することによって、155gの下記ポリマー1を得た。
ポリマー1;m−クレゾール:p−アントラセンメチル−m−クレゾール(モル比)
=0.65:0.35
分子量(Mw)=6,000
分散度(Mw/Mn)=2.70
300mLのフラスコにm−クレゾール100g、1−ナフトール38g、37%ホルマリン水溶液54g、シュウ酸3gを加え、撹拌しながら100℃で24時間撹拌させた。反応後メチルイソブチルケトン300mLに溶解し、充分な水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、溶媒を減圧除去し150℃、2mmHgまで減圧し水分、未反応モノマーを除いた。
300mLのフラスコに合成したノボラック樹脂132g、9−アントラセンメタノール46gをTHF溶媒に溶解させ、トシル酸0.5gを加え、80℃で24時間撹拌させた。水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、THFを減圧除去することによって、166gの下記ポリマー2を得た。
ポリマー2;m−クレゾール:p−アントラセンメチル−m−クレゾール:1−ナフトール(モル比)=0.50:0.25:0.25
分子量(Mw)=7,500
分散度(Mw/Mn)=3.20
300mLのフラスコにm−クレゾール120g、37%ホルマリン水溶液54g、シュウ酸3gを加え、撹拌しながら100℃で24時間撹拌させた。反応後メチルイソブチルケトン300mLに溶解し、充分な水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、溶媒を減圧除去し150℃、2mmHgまで減圧し水分、未反応モノマーを除いた。
300mLのフラスコに合成したノボラック樹脂120g、1−アダマンタンメタノール52gをTHF溶媒に溶解させ、トシル酸0.5gを加え、80℃で24時間撹拌させた。水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、THFを減圧除去することによって、161gの下記ポリマー3を得た。
ポリマー3;m−クレゾール:p−アダマンタンメチル−m−クレゾール(モル比)
=0.55:0.45
分子量(Mw)=6,900
分散度(Mw/Mn)=2.90
300mLのフラスコにm−クレゾール120g、37%ホルマリン水溶液54g、シュウ酸3gを加え、撹拌しながら100℃で24時間撹拌させた。反応後メチルイソブチルケトン300mLに溶解し、充分な水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、溶媒を減圧除去し150℃、2mmHgまで減圧し水分、未反応モノマーを除いた。
300mLのフラスコに合成したノボラック樹脂120g、1−ピレンメタノール62gをTHF溶媒に溶解させ、トシル酸0.5gを加え、80℃で24時間撹拌させた。水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、THFを減圧除去することによって、155gの下記ポリマー4を得た。
ポリマー4;m−クレゾール:p−ピレンメチル−m−クレゾール(モル比)
=0.69:0.31
分子量(Mw)=6,900
分散度(Mw/Mn)=2.80
300mLのフラスコにm−フェニルフェノール170g、37%ホルマリン水溶液54g、シュウ酸3gを加え、撹拌しながら100℃で24時間撹拌させた。反応後メチルイソブチルケトン300mLに溶解し、充分な水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、溶媒を減圧除去し150℃、2mmHgまで減圧し水分、未反応モノマーを除いた。
300mLのフラスコに合成したノボラック樹脂186g、9−アントラセンメタノール41gをTHF溶媒に溶解させ、トシル酸0.5gを加え、80℃で24時間撹拌させた。水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、THFを減圧除去することによって、211gの下記ポリマー5を得た。
ポリマー5;m−フェニルフェノール:p−アントラセンメチル−m−フェニルフェノ
ール(モル比)=0.72:0.28
分子量(Mw)=3,500
分散度(Mw/Mn)=2.20
300mLのフラスコに4−トリチルフェノール85g、m−クレゾール160g、37%ホルマリン水溶液54g、シュウ酸3gを加え、撹拌しながら100℃で24時間撹拌させた。反応後メチルイソブチルケトン300mLに溶解し、充分な水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、溶媒を減圧除去し150℃、2mmHgまで減圧し水分、未反応モノマーを除いた。
300mLのフラスコに合成したノボラック樹脂205g、9−アントラセンメタノール41gをTHF溶媒に溶解させ、トシル酸0.5gを加え、80℃で24時間撹拌させた。水洗により触媒と金属不純物を除去し、THFを減圧除去することによって、228gの下記ポリマー6を得た。
ポリマー6;4−トリチルフェノール:m−クレゾール:p−アントラセンメチル−m−クレゾール(モル比)=0.22:0.58:0.20
分子量(Mw)=4,500
分散度(Mw/Mn)=4.60
500mLのフラスコに4−ヒドロキシスチレン82g、2−メタクリル酸―1−アントラセンメチル85g、溶媒としてトルエンを40g添加した。この反応容器を窒素雰囲気下、−70℃まで冷却し、減圧脱気、窒素フローを3回繰り返した。室温まで昇温後、重合開始剤としてAIBN(アゾビスイソブチロニトリル)を4.1g加え、80℃まで昇温後、24時間反応させた。この反応溶液を1/2まで濃縮し、メタノール300mL、水50mLの混合溶液中に沈殿させ、得られた白色固体を濾過後、60℃で減圧乾燥し、白色重合体(比較ポリマー1)133gを得た。
比較ポリマー1;4−ヒドロキシスチレン:2−メタクリル酸―1−アントラセンメ
チル(モル比)=56:44
分子量(Mw)=14400
分散度(Mw/Mn)=1.77
m−クレゾールノボラック樹脂を合成して、比較ポリマー2とした。
比較ポリマー2;分子量(Mw)=8,800
分散度(Mw/Mn)=4.5
ポリヒドロキシスチレンを合成して、比較ポリマー3とした。
比較ポリマー3;分子量(Mw)=9,200
分散度(Mw/Mn)=1.05
[レジスト下層膜材料、レジスト中間層膜材料の調製]
上記の合成例1〜6で示されるノボラック樹脂、比較合成例1〜3で示される重合体、珪素含有中間層用ポリマー、AG1,2で示される酸発生剤、CR1で示される架橋剤を、FC−430(住友スリーエム社製)0.1質量%を含む有機溶剤中に表1に示す割合で溶解させ、0.1μmのフッ素樹脂製のフィルターで濾過することによってレジスト下層膜材料(実施例1〜7、比較例1〜3)、レジスト中間層膜材料(SOG1,2)の溶液をそれぞれ調製した。
ポリマー1〜6: 合成例1〜6より
比較ポリマー1〜3: 比較合成例1〜3より
珪素含有中間層用ポリマー:
KrF珪素含有中間層ポリマー1(モル比(m:n)=0.3:0.7、分子量(Mw)=2,500),ArF珪素含有中間層ポリマー1(モル比(o:p:q)=0.2:0.5:0.3、分子量(Mw)=3,400)(下記構造式参照)
レジスト下層膜とレジスト中間層膜を形成後、J.A.ウーラム社の入射角度可変の分光エリプソメーター(VASE)で波長248nm、193nm、157nmにおけるレジスト下層膜、レジスト中間層膜の屈折率(n,k)を求め、その結果を表1に示した。
レジスト上層膜のベース樹脂として下記重合体(KrF単層レジストポリマー1,ArF単層レジストポリマー1)を準備した。
モル比 r:s:t=0.70:0.10:0.20
分子量(Mw)=9,300
モル比 u:v:w=0.40:0.30:0.30
分子量(Mw)=7,800
(1) レジストパターン形状の観察
1) KrF露光
上記調製したレジスト下層膜材料(実施例1,2,4,5,6,7、比較例1〜3)の溶液を膜厚300nmのSiO2を有する基板上に塗布して、220℃で90秒間ベークして膜厚300nmのレジスト下層膜を形成した。次いで、その上に、上記調製したレジスト中間層膜材料(SOG1)の溶液SOG1を塗布して200℃で60秒間ベークして膜厚130nmのレジスト中間層膜を形成した。次いで、上記調製したKrF用レジスト上層膜材料の溶液を塗布し、120℃で60秒間ベークして膜厚200nmのレジスト上層膜を形成した。
次いで、KrF露光装置(ニコン社製;S203B、NA0.68、σ0.75、2/3輪体照明、Crマスク)で露光し、120℃で60秒間ベーク(PEB)し、2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH)水溶液で60秒間現像し、0.15μmL/S(ラインアンドスペース)のポジ型のレジストパターンを得た。この得られたレジストパターン形状を日立製作所製電子顕微鏡(S−4700)にて観察した結果を表3に示す。
上記調製したレジスト下層膜材料(実施例1〜7、比較例1〜3)の溶液を膜厚300nmのSiO2膜を有する基板上に塗布して、200℃で60秒間ベークして膜厚300nmのレジスト下層膜を形成した。次いで、その上に上記調製したレジスト中間層膜材料(SOG2)の溶液を塗布して200℃で60秒間ベークして膜厚100nmのレジスト中間層膜を形成した。次いで、上記調製したArF用レジスト上層膜材料の溶液を塗布し、130℃で60秒間ベークして膜厚200nmのレジスト上層膜を形成した。次いで、ArF露光装置(ニコン社製;S305B、NA0.68、σ0.85、2/3輪体照明、Crマスク)で露光し、110℃で60秒間ベーク(PEB)し、2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH)水溶液で60秒間現像し、0.12μmL/Sのポジ型のパターンを得た。この得られたレジストパターン形状を日立製作所製電子顕微鏡(S−4700)にて観察した結果を表4に示す。
次に、上記レジストパターン形状の観察で用いたのと同様の材料及び方法を用いてレジストパターンを形成後、得られたレジストパターンをレジスト中間層膜に下記条件で転写した。
エッチング条件は下記に示す通りである。
チャンバー圧力 40.0Pa
RFパワー 1,000W
ギャップ 9mm
CHF3ガス流量 20ml/min
CF4ガス流量 60ml/min
Arガス流量 200ml/min
時間 30sec
次に、上記レジスト中間層膜に転写されたパターン形状の観察で用いたのと同様の材料及び方法を用いて、レジストパターンをレジスト中間層膜に転写して、得られたパターンを、下記酸素ガスを主体とするエッチングでレジスト下層膜に転写した。
エッチング条件は下記に示す通りである。
チャンバー圧力 450mTorr
RFパワー 600W
Arガス流量 40sccm
O2ガス流量 60sccm
ギャップ 9mm
時間 20sec
次に、上記レジスト下層膜に転写されたパターン形状の観察で用いたのと同様の材料及び方法を用いて、パターンが形成されたレジスト下層膜をマスクとして、東京エレクトロン株式会社製ドライエッチング装置TE−8500Pを用い、CHF3/CF4系ガスで基板をエッチングした。
エッチング条件は下記に示す通りである。
チャンバー圧力 40.0Pa
RFパワー 1,300W
ギャップ 9mm
CHF3ガス流量 30ml/min
CF4ガス流量 30ml/min
Arガス流量 100ml/min
時間 60sec
ドライエッチング耐性の試験では、上記のように調製したレジスト下層膜材料(実施例1〜7、比較例1〜3)の溶液をシリコン基板上に塗布し、200℃で60秒間ベークして膜厚300nmのレジスト下層膜を形成した。これを以下のような2系統の条件で評価した。
(1) CHF3/CF4系ガスでのエッチング試験
東京エレクトロン株式会社製ドライエッチング装置TE−8500Pを用い、エッチング前後のレジスト下層膜の膜厚差を測定した。
エッチング条件は前記基板に形成したパターン形状の観察の時の条件と同様である。
この結果を表5に示した。
日電アネルバ株式会社製ドライエッチング装置L−507D−Lを用い、エッチング前後のレジスト下層膜の膜厚差を求めた。
エッチング条件は下記に示す通りである。
チャンバー圧力 40.0Pa
RFパワー 300W
ギャップ 9mm
Cl2ガス流量 30ml/min
BCl3ガス流量 30ml/min
CHF3ガス流量 100ml/min
O2ガス流量 2ml/min
時間 60sec
この結果を表6に示した。
12,22…レジスト下層膜、 13,23…レジスト上層膜、
15,25…パターン回路領域、 24…レジスト中間層膜。
Claims (7)
- リソグラフィーで用いられる多層レジスト膜のレジスト下層膜材料であって、少なくとも、ノボラック樹脂を含むものであり、該ノボラック樹脂が、下記一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を有するものであることを特徴とするレジスト下層膜材料。
- 前記レジスト下層膜材料が、さらに架橋剤、酸発生剤、有機溶剤のうちいずれか一つ以上のものを含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレジスト下層膜材料。
- リソグラフィーにより基板にパターンを形成する方法であって、少なくとも、請求項1または請求項2に記載のレジスト下層膜材料を用いてレジスト下層膜を基板上に形成し、該下層膜の上にフォトレジスト組成物のレジスト上層膜を形成して2層レジスト膜を形成し、該2層レジスト膜のパターン回路領域を露光した後、現像液で現像してレジスト上層膜にレジストパターンを形成し、該パターンが形成されたレジスト上層膜をマスクにしてレジスト下層膜をエッチングし、さらに、少なくともパターンが形成されたレジスト下層膜をマスクにして基板をエッチングして基板にパターンを形成することを特徴とするパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト上層膜として、ベース樹脂に珪素原子を含有したものを用い、前記レジスト上層膜をマスクにした下層膜のエッチングを、酸素ガスを主体とするドライエッチングで行うことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のパターン形成方法。
- リソグラフィーにより基板にパターンを形成する方法であって、少なくとも、請求項1または請求項2に記載のレジスト下層膜材料を用いてレジスト下層膜を基板上に形成し、該下層膜の上に珪素原子を含有するレジスト中間層膜を形成し、該中間層膜の上にフォトレジスト組成物のレジスト上層膜を形成して3層レジスト膜を形成し、該レジスト3層膜のパターン回路領域を露光した後、現像液で現像してレジスト上層膜にレジストパターンを形成し、該パターンが形成されたレジスト上層膜をマスクにしてレジスト中間層膜をエッチングし、少なくともパターンが形成されたレジスト中間層膜をマスクにしてレジスト下層膜をエッチングし、さらに、少なくともパターンが形成されたレジスト下層膜をマスクにして基板をエッチングして基板にパターンを形成することを特徴とするパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト上層膜として、珪素原子を含有しないものを用い、前記レジスト中間層膜をマスクにした下層膜のエッチングを、酸素ガスを主体とするドライエッチングで行うことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のパターン形成方法。
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JP6502885B2 (ja) | 2015-05-18 | 2019-04-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | レジスト下層膜材料及びパターン形成方法 |
US9899218B2 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2018-02-20 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Resist under layer film composition and patterning process |
JP6625934B2 (ja) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-12-25 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | レジスト下層膜材料、パターン形成方法、及び化合物 |
US20210271169A1 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2021-09-02 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | Resist underlayer film-forming composition |
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2003
- 2003-10-06 JP JP2003347141A patent/JP4252872B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN106133607A (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-11-16 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 含有芳香族乙烯基化合物加成的酚醛清漆树脂的抗蚀剂下层膜形成用组合物 |
CN106133607B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2020-01-03 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 含有芳香族乙烯基化合物加成的酚醛清漆树脂的抗蚀剂下层膜形成用组合物 |
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