JP4179493B2 - A machine tool with a rotatable spindle head - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a machine tool for finishing a large and long bent machining surface of a workpiece with high surface accuracy.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A mold for molding an automobile bumper or the like has a large and long concave surface in which both longitudinal and vertical ends are bent, and it is necessary to finish the concave surface with extremely high surface accuracy. Conventionally, when processing such a concave surface, the mold is placed and fixed on the table of a large machining center, and the tool axis is directed in the normal direction of the concave surface, and the tool is inclined with the normal direction of the concave surface. An angle head with the same angle is attached to the spindle head for processing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, for example, in bumper molds for automobiles, the right and left and top and bottom concave surfaces have different normal directions in four directions. Therefore, it is necessary to change the angle head four times in order to process each concave surface. And spent time and effort on adjustments. Furthermore, due to the attachment and detachment of the angle head, a fine step is formed on the processed surface, and in order to remove this step and achieve high surface accuracy, super skilled workers must polish the same mold for several weeks, There was a problem that forced the worker to do the same work for a long time and increased the cost.
[0004]
The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems, and the spindle head and the workpiece can be relatively rotated around the horizontal axis and the vertical axis with a simple configuration, and the normal direction of the workpiece can be set. Concave surfaces with different orientations can be machined with high surface accuracy by directing the axis of the tool in the normal direction.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the structural feature of the invention described in claim 1 is that a base having a rectangular through space formed in a central portion is vertically opposed to a work table on which a workpiece is placed. The guide rail is horizontally extended in the cross beam portion extending on both upper and lower sides of the through space of the base, and a slide in which a rectangular through space is formed in the central portion is formed on the base. Mounted so as to be movable in the X-axis direction by upper and lower guide rails and connected to a servo motor for driving. The guide rails are vertically extended on vertical girder portions extending to the left and right sides of the through space of the slide. A lifting platform having a rectangular through passage formed in a portion thereof is mounted on the slide so that a housing portion that protrudes rearward and is movable in the Y-axis direction by the left and right guide rails is positioned in the through space. And connected to the servo motor. And supporting the tilting table stringer portion extending in left and right sides rotatably A axis extending parallel to the X-axis between the front and rear positions vital the lifting platform in the through passage of the through passage A spindle connected to and driven by a servo motor, a spindle on which a tool is detachably mounted by a motor, is supported on a spindle head so that the axis of the spindle intersects the A axis, and the spindle head is mounted on the tilt table. Mounted on the base, which is provided on the base and extends in the through space, the through space, and the through space so as to be able to advance and retreat in the axial direction of the main shaft toward the work table, and is drivingly connected to the main shaft head. The servo motor is fixed to the rear end of the base in the through space .
[0006]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the machine tool having the pivotable spindle head according to the first aspect, a turntable is rotated around the B axis perpendicular to the A axis on the tilt table. The base is fixed on the turntable, and the spindle head is mounted on the base so as to be able to advance and retract in the axial direction of the spindle. This is because the main shaft is supported so that the axis of the main shaft intersects the A axis and the B axis.
[0007]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structural feature of the machine tool including the rotatable spindle head according to the first aspect, wherein the turntable is supported on the work table so as to be rotatable about a vertical B axis. In this way, it is connected to the servo motor.
[0010]
[Operation and effect of the invention]
In the invention according to claim 1 configured as described above, a base in which a rectangular through space is formed in the central portion is erected vertically facing the work table on which the workpiece is placed, and the central portion A slide with a rectangular penetrating space is mounted on the base with guide rails extending on both the upper and lower sides of the penetrating space and driven in the horizontal X-axis direction by a servo motor. The formed platform is mounted on a slide with guide rails that extend to both the left and right sides of the penetrating space, and is driven in the vertical Y-axis direction by a servo motor. A tilt table is supported on the vertical girder, and is rotated by a servo motor around the A axis parallel to the X axis. The spindle is supported on the spindle head so that the axis of the spindle intersects the A axis. the head on a tilt table Vignetting in the through passage, and mounted to be movable forward and backward in the axial direction of the through space and the main shaft on a base that extends through space, the servomotor drivingly connected to the spindle head based rear end in the through-space Since the workpiece is processed with a tool mounted on the tip by driving the spindle to rotate by the motor, the displacement of the tip of the spindle when the spindle rotates around the A axis by the rotation of the tilt table The tool axis can be directed in the normal direction of the upper and lower concave surfaces of the workpiece, and each surface can be finished with high surface accuracy without steps without attaching or detaching the tool. As a result, it was possible to drastically reduce or eliminate hand polishing time by super skilled workers, and to reduce the labor and manufacturing cost of workers.
[0011]
In the invention according to claim 2 configured as described above, in the machine tool having the rotatable spindle head according to claim 1, the turntable is supported on the tilt table and is perpendicular to the A axis by the servo motor. The main spindle is supported by the main spindle head so that the axis of the main spindle intersects the A axis and the B axis, and the main spindle head is provided on the turntable so as to pass through, Since the base is extended on the base extending in the through space so as to be movable in the axial direction of the main shaft, the main shaft is driven to rotate by a motor and the workpiece is machined with a tool attached to the tip. It is possible to reduce the displacement of the tip of the spindle when the spindle rotates about the A-axis and B-axis by turning the turntable, and add the tool axis to the normal direction of the left and right concave surfaces in addition to the upper and lower concave surfaces of the workpiece. so It was made possible finishing the surfaces on the step without high surface accuracy without detaching the tool.
[0012]
In the invention according to claim 3 configured as described above, in the machine tool having the pivotable spindle head according to claim 1, a vertical B is supported by a servo motor by supporting the turntable on the worktable. Since it can be rotated around its axis, the axis of the tool can be relatively directed in the normal direction of the left and right concave surfaces of the workpiece by turning the turntable, and each surface is high without any steps without attaching or detaching the tool. Finishing can be finished with high accuracy.
[0015]
Embodiment
In FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 11 denotes a base, which is erected perpendicularly to the bottom surface of a pit 13 dug in the floor surface 12 and faces the work table 14 that is installed on the floor surface 12 and on which the workpiece W is placed and fixed. is doing. A rectangular penetrating space 15 is formed in the central portion of the base 11, and guide rails 17 a and 17 b are horizontally disposed in front of the cross beams 16 a and 16 b of the base 11 extending on both the upper and lower sides of the penetrating space 15. It is extended. The support portions 18 fixed to the four back surfaces of the upper and lower extension portions 21a and 21b of the slide 20 are supported by the guide rails 17a and 17b, and the slide 20 is mounted on the base 11 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. . A base portion 22 that protrudes forward is formed in the slide 20, and a through space 23 is formed in the center portion of the slide 20 through the base portion 22 in the horizontal direction. Ball screws 24a, 24b are rotatably supported in parallel on the outside of the guide rails 17a, 17b on the cross beams 16a, 16b of the base 11, and are driven to rotate by servo motors 25a, 25b. The ball screws 24a and 24b are respectively screwed with feed nuts 19a and 19b fixed to the back surface of the slide 20, and the slide 20 is connected to the servomotors 25a and 25b so as to be driven in the X-axis direction.
[0016]
Left and right guide rails 27a and 27b are vertically extended on the front surfaces of the vertical beam portions 26a and 26b extending to the left and right sides of the through space 23 of the slide 20, and the flange portions of the lifting platform 30 are provided on the guide rails 27a and 27b. The support part 52 fixed to four places on the back 31 is supported, and the lifting platform 30 is mounted on the slide 20 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. A housing portion 32 projects from the rear of the flange portion 31 of the elevator 30 and extends into the through space 23 of the slide 20 and the through space 15 of the base 11. A through passage 33 is formed in a horizontal direction through the casing 31 and the casing 32. A concave groove is vertically cut in the inner surface of the slide 20 facing the through space 23 of the vertical beam portions 26a and 26b. Ball screws 28a and 28b are accommodated in the concave groove and are rotatably supported. . Servo motors 29a and 29 fixed to the upper surface of the base portion 22 of the slide 20 are rotationally connected to the ball screws 28a and 28b, and the ball screws 28a and 28b are inserted into the feed nuts 53a and 53b fixed to the side surface of the housing portion 32 in the groove. Thus, the lifting platform 30 is drivingly connected to the servo motors 29a and 29 and moved in the Y-axis direction.
[0017]
The vertical girder portions 34a and 34b extending to the left and right sides of the through-passage 33 of the elevator platform 30 are rotatable about the A axis parallel to the X axis by pivots 36a and 36b projecting from both sides of the tilt table 35. It is supported by. A worm wheel 38 that meshes with a worm 37 that is rotatably supported by the casing 32 is fixed to the pivot 36a, and a servo motor 39 that is fixed to the casing 32 is rotationally connected to the worm 37. 35 is drivingly connected to a servo motor 39 and rotated about the A axis.
[0018]
A turntable 40 is supported on the upper surface of the tilt table 35 so as to be rotatable about a B axis that intersects the A axis at a right angle. A worm wheel 43 that meshes with a worm 42 rotatably supported on a tilt table 35 is fixed to a drive shaft 41 fixed to the lower surface of the turntable 40, and a servo motor 44 fixed to the tilt table 35 is attached to the worm 42. The turntable 40 is driven and connected to the servomotor 44 by this, and is rotated about the B axis.
[0019]
A base 45 extending into the through passage 33, the through space 23, and the through space 15 is fixed to the upper surface of the turntable 40, and a pair of guide rails 46 extend in the front-rear direction on the upper surface of the base 45. A support portion 48 fixed to four positions on the lower surface of the headstock 47 is supported by 46, and the headstock 47 is mounted on the base 45 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction toward the work table 14. A servo motor 49 fixed to the rear end of the base 45 is rotationally connected to a ball screw 50 rotatably supported by the base 45, and the ball screw 50 is screwed to a feed nut 51 fixed to the head stock 47. Is driven and connected to a servo motor 49 and moved in the Z-axis direction.
[0020]
A housing 56 of the spindle head 55 is fixed in front of the spindle stock 47 with an extending member 54 interposed therebetween. A spindle 57 extending in the Z-axis direction is rotated by a bearing 58 in the housing 56 as shown in FIG. It is supported as possible. The axis of the main shaft 57 is arranged so as to intersect the A axis and the B axis so that the displacement of the tip of the main shaft 57 becomes small when the main shaft 57 is rotated about the A axis and the B axis. Reference numeral 59 denotes a built-in motor that rotationally drives the main shaft 57, and includes a rotor 60 fixed to the main shaft 57 and an exciting coil 61 that surrounds the rotor 60 and is fixed to the housing 56. A tapered shaft 62 of a tool holder 63 on which a tool T is mounted is fitted into a tapered hole 62 formed at the tip of the main shaft 57, and the tool holder 63 is detachably attached to the main shaft 57 by a tool clamping device 64 built in the main shaft 57. It comes to be attached to. A tool magazine 65 is supported on the support stand erected on the floor surface 12 so as to be indexable and rotatable, and a tool holder 63 to which various tools T are respectively mounted is attached to a tool holding portion provided on the outer periphery of the tool magazine 65. The selected tool holder 63 is stored in a detachable manner, and the selected tool holder 63 is attached to the main shaft 57.
[0021]
In the first embodiment configured as described above, the workpiece W is mounted on the work table 14, and the main shaft 57 is rotationally driven by the built-in motor 59. The servo motors 25a and 25b move the slide 20 in the X-axis direction, the servo motors 29a and 29b move the lifting platform 30 in the Y-axis direction, and the servo motor 49 moves the headstock 47 in the Z-axis direction (the axial direction of the main shaft 57). The tool T mounted on the tip of the spindle 57 supported by the spindle head 55 is moved along the inner surface 66 of the workpiece W to be machined to finish the inner surface 66. When the tool T processes the upper inner surface 67 of the inner surface 66, the tilt table 35 is moved upward by the servo motor 39 so that the main shaft 57 extends and the axis of the tool T faces the normal direction of the upper inner surface 67. is rotated, when machining the lower inner surface 68, the tilt table 35 to face the normal direction axis of the lower inner surface 68 of the tool T is rotated downward by the servo motor 39, the left inner side surface 69 when machining, the turntable 40 as the axis of the tool T faces the normal direction of the left inner side surface 69 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3 by a servo motor 44, when machining the right inner side surface 70 Since the turntable 40 is rotated clockwise by the servo motor 44 so that the axis of the tool T faces the normal direction of the right inner surface 70, the tool T is not detached and attached, and the inner surface 66 of the workpiece W is removed. The step Ku and finishing with high surface accuracy.
[0022]
When exchanging the tool T, the tilt table 35 and the turntable 40 are positioned by the servo motors 39 and 44 so that the main shaft 57 faces the direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis, and the main shaft 57 is replaced with the tool magazine 65. The slide 20 and the lifting platform 30 are positioned by the servo motors 25a, 25b and 29a, 29b so as to align with the tool change position for performing the above. At the tool change position, the headstock 47 is advanced by the servo motor 49 and returns the tool holder 63 attached to the main spindle 57 to the empty tool holder of the tool magazine 65, and the tool clamping device 64 releases the tool holder 63. When the tool holder 63 mounted with the tool to be used next is indexed to the tool change position by the indexing rotation of the tool magazine 65, the tool holder 63 moves forward, and the tool holder 63 to be used next is fitted into the taper hole 62. The main shaft 57 is mounted by a tool clamping device 64.
[0023]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, the work table is mounted on the floor so as to be movable in the X-axis direction, and the turntable 40 supported on the tilt table 35 is removed to directly fix the base 45 on the tilt table 35. And since it is the same as 1st Embodiment except having supported the turntable on the worktable, the same reference number is attached | subjected to the same part and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0024]
The guide rails 75a and 75b are fixed on the plate 74 installed on the floor surface, and the support portions 77 fixed to the back surface of the work table 76 are supported on the guide rails 75a and 75b so that the work table 76 is on the floor surface. Is mounted to be movable in the X-axis direction. A ball screw 78 is rotatably supported between the guide rails 75a and 75b on the plate 74, and a servo motor 79 fixed to the plate 74 is rotationally connected to the ball screw 78 so that the ball screw 78 is fixed to the back surface of the work table 76. The work table 76 is screwed to the nut and is connected to the servo motor 79 to move in the X-axis direction. Thereby, a part of the movement of the slide 20 in the X-axis direction is shared by the movement of the work table 76 in the X-axis direction, and the tool T and the workpiece W can be relatively moved in the X-axis direction. The entire machine can be made smaller by shortening the length.
[0025]
A turntable 80 is supported on the upper surface of the work table 76 so as to be rotatable about a vertical B axis. A worm wheel 83 that meshes with a worm 82 rotatably supported on a work table 76 is fixed to a drive shaft 81 fixed to the lower surface of the turntable 80, and a servo motor 84 fixed to the work table 76 is attached to the worm 82. Rotatingly connected, the turntable 80 is drivingly connected to the servo motor 84 and rotated about the B axis. A jig plate 85 for mounting and fixing the workpiece W is fixed on the turntable 80.
[0026]
In the second embodiment configured as described above, the workpiece W is mounted on the jig plate 85, and the main shaft 57 is rotationally driven by the built-in motor 59. The servo motor 25a, 25b moves the slide 20 in the X-axis direction, the servo motor 29a, 29b moves the lifting platform 30 in the Y-axis direction, the servo motor 49 moves the headstock 47 in the Z-axis direction, and the spindle head The tool T mounted on the tip of the main shaft 57 supported by the shaft 55 is moved along the inner surface 66 of the workpiece W to be processed to finish the inner surface 66. When the tool T processes the upper inner surface 67 of the inner surface 66, the tilt table 35 is moved upward by the servo motor 39 so that the main shaft 57 extends and the axis of the tool T faces the normal direction of the upper inner surface 67. is rotated, when machining the lower inner surface 68, the tilt table 35 to face the normal direction axis of the lower inner surface 68 of the tool T is rotated downward by the servo motor 39, the left inner side surface 69 when machining, the turntable 80 so as to face the normal direction axis of the left inner side surface 69 of the tool T is rotated in the clockwise direction in FIG. 6 by the servo motor 84, when machining the right inner surface 70, Since the turntable 80 is rotated counterclockwise by the servomotor 84 so that the axis of the tool T faces the normal direction of the right inner surface 70, the tool T is not detached and attached, and the inner surface 66 of the workpiece W is removed. The step Ku and finishing with high surface accuracy. If the stroke is insufficient only by moving the slide 20 in the X-axis direction, the work table 76 is moved in the X-axis direction by the servo motor 79 so that the unmachined portion of the workpiece W is opposed to the tool T and finished as described above. Continue processing.
[0028]
If the tool T is to be rotated at a high speed, the main body of the speed increasing spindle unit is positioned and fixed at the tip of the housing 56 of the main spindle head 55, and the high speed main spindle of the speed increasing spindle unit is rotationally connected to the main spindle 57 via the speed increasing mechanism. That's fine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a machine tool including a rotatable spindle head according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the spindle head.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing a second embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Base, 12 ... Floor surface, 14 ... Work table, 15 ... Through space, 16a, 16b ... Cross beam part, 17a, 17b, 27a, 27b, 46, 75a, 75b ... Guide rail, 20 ... Slide, 23 ... through space, 24a, 24b, 28a, 28b, 50, 78 ... ball screw, 25a, 25b, 29a, 29b, 39, 44, 49, 79, 84 ... servo motor, 30 ... lift platform, 33 ... through passage, 35 ... tilt table, 40, 80 ... turntable, 47 ... spindle head, 55 ... spindle head, 57 ... spindle, 59 ... built-in motor, T ... tool, W ... workpiece.

Claims (3)

A horizontal girder that vertically stands a base having a rectangular through space formed in the central portion so as to face a work table on which a workpiece is placed, and extends on both upper and lower sides of the through space of the base. The guide rail extends horizontally, and a slide in which a rectangular through space is formed in the center is mounted on the base so as to be movable in the X-axis direction by the upper and lower guide rails, and is connected to the servo motor. The elevating platform in which a guide rail is vertically extended in the vertical girder portion extending on both the left and right sides of the through space of the slide, and a rectangular through path is formed in the center portion is provided on the slide by the left and right guide rails. A casing portion that is movable in the Y-axis direction and protrudes rearward is mounted so as to be positioned in the penetration space, and is drive-connected to the servo motor, and extends to the left and right sides of the through-passage of the lifting platform. Tilt table in the vertical beam section in the through-passage And rotatably supported in the A-axis extending parallel to the X axis at a position vital said elevator platform between the front and rear drive connected to the servo motor, the tool is detachably attached to the tip is rotated by a motor The main shaft is supported by the main shaft head so that the axis of the main shaft intersects the A axis, and the main shaft head is provided on the tilt table and extends into the through passage, the through space, and the through space. A servo motor is mounted on a base so as to be able to advance and retreat in the axial direction of the spindle toward the work table, and a servo motor drivingly connected to the spindle head is fixed to the rear end of the base in the through space. A machine tool with a rotatable spindle head. The machine tool comprising the rotatable spindle head according to claim 1, wherein the turntable is rotatably supported on the tilt table about a B axis perpendicular to the A axis and is connected to a servo motor. The base is fixed on a turntable , and the spindle head is mounted on the base so as to be able to advance and retreat in the axial direction of the spindle. The spindle is attached to the spindle head and the axis of the spindle is the A axis and the B axis. A machine tool having a pivotable spindle head, characterized in that the bearings are supported to cross each other.  2. A machine tool comprising a rotatable spindle head according to claim 1, wherein a turntable is rotatably supported on the work table about a vertical B axis and is drivingly connected to a servo motor. A machine tool with a rotatable spindle head.

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