JP4043107B2 - High specific gravity wood cement board, multi-layer high specific gravity wood cement board and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High specific gravity wood cement board, multi-layer high specific gravity wood cement board and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP4043107B2 JP4043107B2 JP21558198A JP21558198A JP4043107B2 JP 4043107 B2 JP4043107 B2 JP 4043107B2 JP 21558198 A JP21558198 A JP 21558198A JP 21558198 A JP21558198 A JP 21558198A JP 4043107 B2 JP4043107 B2 JP 4043107B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00577—Coating or impregnation materials applied by spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は例えば屋根材として使用される高比重木質セメント板および複層高比重木質セメント板ならびにその製造方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、環境汚染の原因となる石綿に代えて、パルプ繊維を補強材として使用した繊維補強セメント板が提供されている（特開平４−３６７５５５号）。
上記繊維補強セメント板を製造するには、セメントとパルプ繊維とを含有する原料混合物を成形ベルト上に層状に供給し、加水の上プレスして板状に成形し、該成形物を所定形状に切出して養生硬化させる乾式法が適用されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来技術においては、パルプ繊維を使用するために原料混合物が低密度になる。したがって高比重の製品を得るためには成形ベルト上に層状に供給される原料混合物の量を増やす必要があり、原料混合物層が厚く嵩高くなる。
このために原料混合物層が崩れ易くなり、またプレスの際の圧縮比が大きくなり、プレス装置の上下ストロークが大きくなって生産性が悪くなると言う問題点があった。またパルプ繊維を使用すると原料混合物の集塊が生じ易く、製品にむらを生じてクラックが生じるおそれがある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記従来の課題を解決するための手段として、長径５mm以下、短径０．５mm以下、厚み０．１mm以下の粉体パルプと、長径１．０〜３５mm、短径０．５〜８．０mm、厚み０．０５〜２．０mmの寸法を有する木片とが９０：１０〜１０：９０の重量比で混合された木質補強材が２〜１０重量％で、セメントとケイ酸含有物質とが４０：６０〜６０：４０又は７０：３０〜９０：１０の重量比で混合された原料混合物を、圧締養生硬化させてなる硬化物であって、更に、全体の比重が１．４ｇ／cm3以上である高比重木質セメント板を提供するものである。更に本発明では、長径５mm以下、短径０．５mm以下、厚み０．１mm以下の粉体パルプが１〜１０重量％でセメントと混合された原料混合物を表層用原料混合物とし、長径５mm以下、短径０．５mm以下、厚み０．１mm以下の粉体パルプと、長径１．０〜３５mm、短径０．５〜８．０mm、厚み０．０５〜２．０mmの寸法を有する木片とが９０：１０〜１０：９０の重量比で混合された木質補強材が２〜１０重量％で、セメントとケイ酸含有物質とが４０：６０〜６０：４０又は７０：３０〜９０：１０の重量比で混合された原料混合物を基層用原料混合物として積層し、圧締養生硬化させてなる硬化物であって、上記表層用原料混合物と基層用原料混合物の量が１：１〜１：６重量比であり、更に、全体の比重が１．４ｇ／cm3以上である複層高比重木質セメント板が提供される。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明について詳細に説明する。
〔微細木質繊維〕
本発明に用いられる微細木質繊維とは、主として針葉樹から得られ通常長径５mm以下、短径０．５mm以下、厚み０．１mm以下の大きさのものが用いられる。
該微細木質繊維の長径が５mmを越えた場合および／または短径が０．５mmを越えた場合および／または厚みが０．１mmを越えた場合は表層の緻密性が低下し、吸水性、吸湿性が大きくなって耐凍結融解性能が低下するおそれがある。また上記微細木質繊維の長径が５mmを越えた場合には、繊維が糸まり状になったり繊維相互が絡み易くなり、原料混合物を攪拌して均一に混合することが困難になり、原料混合物中に集塊が生じ易くなり、かつ後記する乾式法による製造の際に、基板上に原料混合物を散布してマットをフォーミングする場合にほぐれにくゝ、散布に支障をきたし均一なマットをフォーミングすることが出来なくなるおそれがある。
望ましい微細木質繊維としては、シート状のパルプ集塊をターボミル等で粉砕したいわゆる粉体パルプが望ましい。該粉体パルプを使用すると、原料混合物を均一に混合することが容易になり、したがって原料混合物中に集塊が生ぜず、また非常に散布し易くなる。更に針葉樹の晒しクラフトパルプ（ＮＢＫＰ）のような粉体パルプにおいては木材に含まれる糖質等のセメント硬化阻害物質の大部分が除去されているので、粉体パルプを使用すればセメント硬化阻害が起きにくい。
【０００６】
〔木片〕
本発明に用いられる木片とは、主として針葉樹から得られ通常長径１．０〜３５mm、望ましくは５〜２０mm、短径０．５〜８．０mm、望ましくは０．５〜５mm、厚み０．０５〜２．０mm望ましくは０．１〜０．５mm程度の大きさのものが用いられる。
該木片の長径が１．０mm未満の場合、短径が０．５mm未満の場合、あるいは厚みが０．０５mm未満の場合には、セメントマトリックスのつなぎ作用が顕著でなくなり補強効果が低下し、また木片の長径が３５mmを越える場合、短径が８mmを越える場合、あるいは厚みが２mmを越える場合には、原料混合物マットが嵩高くなり過ぎて比重が１．４ｇ／cm3 以上の高密度の製品が得られにくい。
【０００７】
〔セメント〕
本発明に用いられるセメントとしては、ポルトランドセメント、高炉セメント、シリカセメント、フライアッシュセメント、アルミナセメント等のセメント類等がある。
【０００８】
〔ケイ酸含有物質〕
本発明においては、上記セメントと共にケイ酸含有物質を併用することが望ましい。上記ケイ酸含有物質としては、例えば砂、砂利、砕石、ケイ砂、ケイ石の粉末、シリカヒューム、高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、シラスバルーン、パーライト等のケイ酸含有物質等が例示される。
【０００９】
〔その他の原料〕
上記原料以外、本発明においては、二水石膏、半水石膏、無水石膏、消石灰、生石灰等の活性石灰含有物質、例えばワラストナイト、セピオライト、ガラス繊維、ロックウール等の無機繊維、例えばポリエチレン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリアミド繊維等の有機繊維、水ガラス、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、炭酸ナトリウム等の単独または二種以上の混合物からなる硬化促進剤、あるいは極く少量の添加によってセメント硬化促進作用を示すアルミナセメントのような添加剤、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース等の水性糊料、スチレン−ブタジエンラテックス、アクリル樹脂エマルジョン等の合成樹脂エマルジョンの強化剤、ワックス、パラフィン、シリコン、高級脂肪酸の金属塩等の撥水剤等が混合されてもよい。
【００１０】
〔原料混合物の調製〕
本発明において、木質補強材としての微細木質繊維と木片との混合比は、通常９０：１０〜１０：９０重量比、更に望ましくは６０：４０〜４０：６０重量比とする。木片が上記混合比率を下回ると原料混合物のマットが嵩高くなり崩れ易く、また木片が上記混合比率を上回ると、高密度製品を得ることが困難になり、経年劣化によって製品表面に存在する木片に剥離現象が起り易くなり、また表面が粗になって吸水あるいは吸湿し易く、耐凍結融解性が悪くなるおそれがある。更に木片から溶出するセメント硬化阻害物質の量が増加して、セメント硬化阻害が惹起されるおそれもある。
【００１１】
上記微細木質繊維と木片との混合木質補強材は、原料混合物中に２〜１０重量％、望ましくは３〜８重量％、更に望ましくは４〜６重量％程度添加される。該混合木質補強材の添加量が２重量％未満であると補強効果が充分でなく、また１０重量％を越えると高密度の製品を得ることが困難になり、耐水耐湿性、寸法安定性、耐凍結融解性、更には不燃性等に悪影響が出て来るし、該混合木質補強材中の木片から溶出するセメント硬化阻害物質によってセメントの硬化が阻害されるおそれもある。
【００１２】
セメントとケイ酸含有物質とを併用する場合には、該セメントと該ケイ酸含有物質との混合比率はオートクレーブ養生を行なう場合には通常４０：６０〜６０：４０重量比、自然養生を行なう場合には通常７０：３０〜９０：１０重量比とされる。
硬化促進剤、撥水剤等のその他の原料は通常原料混合物中に数重量％程度、あるいは１重量％以下の量で添加される。
【００１３】
通常は上記原料混合物に対して水１５〜５０重量部が添加され混合される。上記水は添加混合物を攪拌しながら水をスプレーすることによって行なうことが望ましい。このような添加方法によれば、混合物中に集塊が形成されにくい。
【００１４】
〔表層用原料混合物の調製〕
本発明において、基層の上に更に表層を設ける場合には、微細木質繊維は原料混合物中に通常１〜１０重量％、望ましくは４〜６重量％程度添加される。該微細木質繊維の添加量が１重量％未満であると表面が脆くクラックが入り易いと共に層厚が充分でなく、圧締圧縮比が大きくならないので、緻密かつ平滑な表面が得られにくゝなる。また１０重量％を越えると耐水耐湿性、寸法安定性、不燃性等に悪影響が出て来る。
上記微細木質繊維−セメント混合物には基層用原料混合物と同様に水、所望なればその他の原料が混合され、表層用原料混合物が調製される。
【００１５】
〔木質セメント板の製造〕
本発明の木質セメント板を製造するには乾式法が適用される。乾式法においては先ず、表層と基層とからなる複層にする場合には、表層用原料混合物を搬送板、あるいは型板等の基板上に散布して表層マットをフォーミングし、更にその上から基層用原料混合物を散布して基層マットをフォーミングする。上記マットのフォーミング工程において、表層用原料混合物の散布量と基層用原料混合物の散布量との割合は通常１：１〜１：６重量比、望ましくは１：１〜１：２．５重量比に設定される。
【００１６】
上記基層マット上には更に表層用原料混合物を散布して表層マットをフォーミングしてもよい。この場合の散布量は最下層の表層マットの場合と同様である。この場合には基層マットの下側（最下層）の表層マットが表側、基層マットの上側の表層マットが裏側となる。そして該基板の表面にはエンボス模様を付しておいてもよい。
【００１７】
また基層のみの単層にする場合には上記基層用原料混合物を直接基板に散布してマットをフォーミングする。
【００１８】
上記単層マットまたは複層（二層または三層）マットは通常２５〜２００kg／cm2 程度の高圧で圧締し、常温で２４時間以下の予備硬化、もしくは５０〜８０℃、５〜１０時間加熱して予備硬化される。圧締養生後は該予備硬化物をオートクレーブ養生、高温養生、あるいは自然養生により硬化させ、更に加熱乾燥あるいは自然乾燥により乾燥させる。その後所望なれば得られた木質セメント板に塗装、撥水処理等を施こしてもよい。
このようにして得られた本発明の木質セメント板は通常密度が１．４ｇ／cm3 以上、望ましくは１．６ｇ／cm3 以上、更に望ましくは１．８〜２．０ｇ／cm3 の高密度を有し、表層あるいは表層と基層とは緻密であり、高強度かつ耐久性、耐水耐湿性および寸法安定性を有する。
上記密度が１．４ｇ／cm3 以下であると製品の吸水吸湿性が大きくなり、寸法安定性や耐凍結融解性能、ひいては耐候性や耐久性が悪くなる。
【００１９】
【作用・効果】
本発明では、木質セメント板の木質補強材として、微細木質繊維に木片を添加するから、原料混合物中に集塊が形成されにくゝなり、また原料混合物の密度が高くなって、フォーミングされるマットが嵩高くならず、マットの型崩れが阻止され、また高比重製品を得るためのプレスによる圧縮比も大きくならず、生産性が向上する。
そして該木片は製品の靱性を向上させて脆さを改善し、曲げ強度や耐衝撃性に優れた製品を与える。
また表層と基層の複層構造にする場合には、表面が更に緻密な製品が得られ、表層と基層との原料構成が近似しているために、層間密着性が向上し両層が一体化する。そのために板の変化に対して両層が一体的に追従し、寸法安定性が向上する。
【００２０】
〔実施例１〜４、比較例１，２〕（単層セメント板）
表１に示す組成の原料混合物を基板上に１７kg／ｍ2 の割合で散布してマットをフォーミングした。
【００２１】
【表１】
上記各マットを５０kg／cm2 の圧力で圧締して５０℃に加熱して８時間放置することによって予備硬化せしめ、その後脱型して４日間常温状態に放置して養生を行なった。この自然養生によって略完全に硬化せしめたものを試料とする。
該試料の物性測定結果を表２に示す。
【００２３】
【表２】
表２によれば実施例１〜４の試料は何れもマットが嵩高くならず、型崩れもみられず、高比重高強度かつ耐水耐湿性、寸法安定性、耐凍結融解性に優れたものが得られるが、木片を添加しない比較例１ではマット厚が増大して嵩高となり、マットの両端部に型崩れがみられ、またヤング率が高く脆くなっていることが認められ、更に木片のみを木質補強材として使用した比較例２の場合には、試料の表面に木片の剥離現象がみられる。
【００２５】
〔実施例５〜９〕（複層セメント板）
表３に示す組成の表層原料混合物を基板上に５．４kg／ｍ2 の割合で散布して表層マット（表面）をフォーミングし、該表層マット上に更に表３に示す組成の基層原料混合物を１７kg／ｍ2 の割合で散布して基層マットをフォーミングし、更に該基層マット上に同じ表層原料混合物を同じ量散布して表層マット（裏面）をフォーミングした。
【００２６】
【表３】
各三層マットを５０kg／cm2 の圧力で圧締して５０℃に加熱して８時間放置することによって予備硬化せしめ、その後脱型し１週間常温状態に放置して養生を行なった。この自然養生によって完全硬化せしめたものを試料とする。
該試料の物性測定結果を表４に示す。
【００２８】
【表４】
表４によれば実施例５〜９の試料は何れも高密度高強度でありかつ良好な靱性（低ヤング率）と寸法安定性を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high specific gravity wood cement board and a multi-layer high specific gravity wood cement board used as, for example, a roof material and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a fiber reinforced cement board using pulp fibers as a reinforcing material instead of asbestos causing environmental pollution has been provided (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-367555).
In order to manufacture the fiber-reinforced cement board, a raw material mixture containing cement and pulp fibers is supplied in a layer form on a forming belt, then pressed over water and formed into a plate shape. A dry method of cutting and curing is applied.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above prior art, the raw material mixture has a low density due to the use of pulp fibers. Therefore, in order to obtain a product with a high specific gravity, it is necessary to increase the amount of the raw material mixture supplied in layers on the forming belt, and the raw material mixture layer becomes thick and bulky.
For this reason, the raw material mixture layer is liable to be collapsed, the compression ratio at the time of pressing is increased, the vertical stroke of the pressing device is increased, and the productivity is deteriorated. Further, when pulp fibers are used, agglomeration of the raw material mixture is likely to occur, which may cause unevenness in the product and cause cracks.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above conventional problems, the present invention is a powder pulp having a major axis of 5 mm or less, a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less, and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, a major axis of 1.0 to 35 mm, and a minor axis of 0.5 to 2-10% by weight of a wood reinforcing material mixed with a piece of wood having a size of 8.0 mm and a thickness of 0.05-2.0 mm in a weight ratio of 90: 10-10: 90, cement and silicic acid-containing material Is a cured product obtained by pressing and curing a raw material mixture mixed at a weight ratio of 40:60 to 60:40 or 70:30 to 90:10, and further has an overall specific gravity of 1.4 g. The present invention provides a high specific gravity wood cement board having a density of / cm 3 or more. Further, in the present invention, a raw material mixture in which powder pulp having a major axis of 5 mm or less, a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less, and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less is mixed with cement at 1 to 10% by weight is used as a raw material mixture for a surface layer, and a major axis of 5 mm or less, Powder pulp having a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, and a piece of wood having a major axis of 1.0 to 35 mm, a minor axis of 0.5 to 8.0 mm, and a thickness of 0.05 to 2.0 mm The weight of the wood reinforcement mixed in a weight ratio of 90:10 to 10:90 is 2 to 10% by weight, and the cement and the silicic acid-containing substance are 40:60 to 60:40 or 70:30 to 90:10. A cured product obtained by laminating a raw material mixture mixed in a ratio as a raw material mixture for a base layer and subjecting it to compression-curing biocuring, wherein the amount of the raw material mixture for the surface layer and the raw material mixture for the base layer is 1: 1 to 1: 6 weight is the ratio, further, multi-layer high density wood specific gravity of the whole is 1.4 g / cm 3 or more Cement board is provided.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
[Fine wood fiber]
The fine wood fiber used in the present invention is obtained mainly from conifers and usually has a major axis of 5 mm or less, a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less, and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less.
When the major axis of the fine wood fiber exceeds 5 mm and / or the minor axis exceeds 0.5 mm and / or the thickness exceeds 0.1 mm, the denseness of the surface layer decreases, and the water absorption and moisture absorption There is a risk that the freeze-thaw resistance will be reduced due to the increase in properties. In addition, when the long diameter of the fine wood fiber exceeds 5 mm, the fibers are likely to be stringed or entangled with each other, making it difficult to stir the raw material mixture and mix uniformly. Agglomeration is likely to occur in the process, and when the mat is formed by spraying a mixture of raw materials on the substrate during the dry process described later, the uniform mat is formed because it is difficult to loosen and disperses. There is a risk that it will not be possible.
Desirable fine wood fibers are so-called powder pulp obtained by pulverizing sheet-like pulp agglomerates with a turbo mill or the like. When the powder pulp is used, it is easy to uniformly mix the raw material mixture, and therefore no agglomerates are formed in the raw material mixture and it is very easy to spray. Further, in powder pulp such as bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) of coniferous trees, most of the cement hardening inhibiting substances such as carbohydrates contained in the wood have been removed. It's hard to get up.
[0006]
[Wood pieces]
The piece of wood used in the present invention is obtained mainly from conifers and usually has a major axis of 1.0 to 35 mm, preferably 5 to 20 mm, a minor axis of 0.5 to 8.0 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, and a thickness of 0.05. Those having a size of about -2.0 mm, preferably about 0.1-0.5 mm are used.
If the major axis of the piece of wood is less than 1.0 mm, the minor axis is less than 0.5 mm, or the thickness is less than 0.05 mm, the cement matrix linking action is not significant and the reinforcing effect is reduced. When the major axis of the wood piece exceeds 35 mm, the minor axis exceeds 8 mm, or the thickness exceeds 2 mm, the raw material mixture mat becomes too bulky and a high-density product having a specific gravity of 1.4 g / cm 3 or more. Is difficult to obtain.
[0007]
〔cement〕
Examples of the cement used in the present invention include Portland cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, fly ash cement, and cement such as alumina cement.
[0008]
[Silica-containing substances]
In the present invention, it is desirable to use a silicate-containing substance in combination with the cement. Examples of the silicic acid-containing substance include sand, gravel, crushed stone, silica sand, silica stone powder, silica fume, blast furnace slag, fly ash, shirasu balloon, pearlite and other silicic acid-containing substances.
[0009]
[Other ingredients]
In addition to the above raw materials, in the present invention, active lime-containing substances such as dihydrate gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anhydrous gypsum, slaked lime, and quick lime, such as inorganic fibers such as wollastonite, sepiolite, glass fiber, rock wool, such as polyethylene fiber Acceleration of cement hardening by addition of organic fiber such as polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, water glass, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium carbonate or a mixture of two or more kinds, or a very small amount Additives such as alumina cement, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose and other aqueous pastes, styrene-butadiene latex, acrylic resin emulsion and other synthetic resin emulsion reinforcing agents, metal salts of wax, paraffin, silicon and higher fatty acids Etc. Liquid medication or the like may be mixed.
[0010]
[Preparation of raw material mixture]
In the present invention, the mixing ratio of fine wood fibers as a wood reinforcing material and wood pieces is usually 90:10 to 10:90 weight ratio, more preferably 60:40 to 40:60 weight ratio. If the wood piece is less than the above mixing ratio, the mat of the raw material mixture becomes bulky and easily collapses.If the wood piece exceeds the above mixing ratio, it becomes difficult to obtain a high-density product, and the wood piece existing on the product surface due to deterioration over time. Peeling phenomenon is likely to occur, and the surface becomes rough and water or moisture is likely to be absorbed, resulting in poor freeze-thaw resistance. Furthermore, the amount of the cement hardening inhibiting substance that elutes from the wood piece increases, and there is a possibility that cement hardening inhibition is caused.
[0011]
The mixed wood reinforcing material of the above-mentioned fine wood fibers and wood pieces is added to the raw material mixture in an amount of 2 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 8% by weight, more preferably about 4 to 6% by weight. If the added amount of the mixed wood reinforcing material is less than 2% by weight, the reinforcing effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, it becomes difficult to obtain a high-density product, water and moisture resistance, dimensional stability, Freezing and thawing resistance and further non-flammability are adversely affected, and cement hardening may be inhibited by a cement hardening inhibitor that elutes from the piece of wood in the mixed wood reinforcement.
[0012]
When cement and a silicic acid-containing substance are used in combination, the mixing ratio of the cement and the silicic acid-containing substance is usually 40:60 to 60:40 by weight when autoclaving, and when natural curing is performed. In general, the weight ratio is 70:30 to 90:10.
Other raw materials such as a curing accelerator and a water repellent are usually added to the raw material mixture in an amount of about several weight percent or 1 weight percent or less.
[0013]
Usually, 15 to 50 parts by weight of water is added to the raw material mixture and mixed. The water is preferably sprayed with water while stirring the additive mixture. According to such an addition method, agglomerates are hardly formed in the mixture.
[0014]
[Preparation of raw material mixture for surface layer]
In the present invention, when a surface layer is further provided on the base layer, the fine wood fibers are usually added to the raw material mixture in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, preferably about 4 to 6% by weight. If the amount of the fine wood fiber added is less than 1% by weight, the surface is brittle and easily cracked, the layer thickness is not sufficient, and the compression / compression ratio does not increase, so it is difficult to obtain a dense and smooth surface. Become. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10% by weight, the water and moisture resistance, dimensional stability, nonflammability and the like will be adversely affected.
The fine wood fiber-cement mixture is mixed with water in the same manner as the base layer raw material mixture, and if desired, other raw materials are mixed to prepare a surface layer raw material mixture.
[0015]
[Manufacture of wood cement board]
A dry method is applied to manufacture the wood cement board of the present invention. In the dry method, first, when forming a multi-layer consisting of a surface layer and a base layer, the surface layer raw material mixture is spread on a substrate such as a transport plate or a template to form a surface layer mat, and further, the base layer is formed thereon. The base material mat is formed by spraying the raw material mixture. In the mat forming step, the ratio of the amount of the surface layer raw material mixture and the amount of the base layer raw material mixture is usually 1: 1 to 1: 6, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 2.5. Set to
[0016]
The surface layer mat may be formed by further spreading a surface layer raw material mixture on the base layer mat. The application amount in this case is the same as in the case of the lowermost surface mat. In this case, the surface layer mat on the lower side (lowermost layer) of the base layer mat is the front side, and the surface layer mat on the upper side of the base layer mat is the back side. An embossed pattern may be provided on the surface of the substrate.
[0017]
Further, in the case of forming a single layer only of the base layer, the mat is formed by spraying the base layer raw material mixture directly on the substrate.
[0018]
The single-layer mat or the double-layer (two-layer or three-layer) mat is usually pressed at a high pressure of about 25 to 200 kg / cm 2 and pre-cured at room temperature for 24 hours or less, or 50 to 80 ° C. for 5 to 10 hours. Precured by heating. After the pressure curing, the precured material is cured by autoclave curing, high temperature curing, or natural curing, and further dried by heat drying or natural drying. Thereafter, if desired, the obtained wood cement board may be subjected to painting, water-repellent treatment and the like.
Thus wood cement board is usually a density of the present invention obtained are 1.4 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 1.6 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably of 1.8~2.0g / cm 3 High It has a density, the surface layer or the surface layer and the base layer are dense, and has high strength and durability, water and moisture resistance, and dimensional stability.
When the density is 1.4 g / cm 3 or less, the water-absorbing property of the product increases, and the dimensional stability, freeze-thaw resistance, and weather resistance and durability deteriorate.
[0019]
[Action / Effect]
In the present invention, wood fragments are added to the fine wood fiber as the wood reinforcing material of the wood cement board, so that agglomerates are hardly formed in the raw material mixture, and the density of the raw material mixture is increased and forming is performed. The mat does not become bulky, the mat is prevented from being deformed, and the compression ratio by a press for obtaining a high specific gravity product is not increased, so that productivity is improved.
The piece of wood improves the toughness of the product to improve brittleness, and gives a product excellent in bending strength and impact resistance.
When the surface layer and base layer have a multilayer structure, a product with a denser surface is obtained, and since the raw material composition of the surface layer and base layer is close, the interlayer adhesion is improved and both layers are integrated. To do. Therefore, both layers follow the change of the plate integrally, and the dimensional stability is improved.
[0020]
[Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 and 2] (Single-layer cement board)
The raw material mixture having the composition shown in Table 1 was spread on the substrate at a rate of 17 kg / m 2 to form a mat.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Each mat was pressed at a pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 , heated to 50 ° C. and allowed to stand for 8 hours, and then precured, and then removed from the mold and allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 days for curing. A sample that has been almost completely cured by this natural curing is used as a sample.
Table 2 shows the physical property measurement results of the sample.
[0023]
[Table 2]
According to Table 2, none of the samples of Examples 1 to 4 has a mat that is bulky, is not deformed, has high specific gravity and high strength, and is excellent in water and moisture resistance, dimensional stability, and freeze-thaw resistance. In Comparative Example 1 in which no wood piece is added, the mat thickness increases and becomes bulky, it is recognized that the mat is deformed at both ends, and the Young's modulus is high and brittle. In the case of Comparative Example 2 used as a wood reinforcing material, a peeling phenomenon of wood pieces is observed on the surface of the sample.
[0025]
[Examples 5 to 9] (Multi-layer cement board)
A surface layer raw material mixture having the composition shown in Table 3 was sprayed on the substrate at a rate of 5.4 kg / m 2 to form a surface layer mat (surface). A base layer raw material mixture having the composition shown in Table 3 was further formed on the surface layer mat. The base layer mat was formed by spraying at a rate of 17 kg / m 2 , and the same surface layer raw material mixture was sprayed in the same amount on the base layer mat to form the surface layer mat (back surface).
[0026]
[Table 3]
Each three-layer mat was pressed at a pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 , heated to 50 ° C. and allowed to stand for 8 hours to be precured, and then removed from the mold and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 week for curing. A sample cured completely by this natural curing is used.
Table 4 shows the physical property measurement results of the sample.
[0028]
[Table 4]
According to Table 4, all the samples of Examples 5 to 9 have high density and high strength, and good toughness (low Young's modulus) and dimensional stability.
Claims (5)
セメントとケイ酸含有物質とが４０：６０〜６０：４０又は７０：３０〜９０：１０の重量比で混合された原料混合物を、
圧締養生硬化させてなる硬化物であって、
更に、全体の比重が１．４ｇ／cm3以上であることを特徴とする高比重木質セメント板。A powder pulp having a major axis of 5 mm or less, a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less, and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, and a major axis of 1.0 to 35 mm, a minor axis of 0.5 to 8.0 mm, and a thickness of 0.05 to 2.0 mm. The wood reinforcing material mixed with a piece of wood having a weight ratio of 90:10 to 10:90 is 2 to 10% by weight,
A raw material mixture in which cement and a silicic acid-containing substance are mixed at a weight ratio of 40:60 to 60:40 or 70:30 to 90:10,
It is a cured product that is cured by pressure curing,
Furthermore, the high specific gravity wood cement board characterized by having an overall specific gravity of 1.4 g / cm 3 or more.
長径５mm以下、短径０．５mm以下、厚み０．１mm以下の粉体パルプと、長径１．０〜３５mm、短径０．５〜８．０mm、厚み０．０５〜２．０mmの寸法を有する木片とが９０：１０〜１０：９０の重量比で混合された木質補強材が２〜１０重量％で、セメントとケイ酸含有物質とが４０：６０〜６０：４０又は７０：３０〜９０：１０の重量比で混合された原料混合物を基層用原料混合物として積層し、
圧締養生硬化させてなる硬化物であって、
上記表層用原料混合物と上記基層用原料混合物の量が１：１〜１：６重量比であり、
更に、全体の比重が１．４ｇ／cm3以上であることを特徴とする複層高比重木質セメント板。A raw material mixture in which powder pulp having a major axis of 5 mm or less, a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less, and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less is mixed with cement at 1 to 10% by weight is used as a raw material mixture for the surface layer.
A powder pulp having a major axis of 5 mm or less, a minor axis of 0.5 mm or less, and a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, and a major axis of 1.0 to 35 mm, a minor axis of 0.5 to 8.0 mm, and a thickness of 0.05 to 2.0 mm. 2 to 10% by weight of a wood reinforcing material mixed with a piece of wood having a weight ratio of 90:10 to 10:90, and 40:60 to 60:40 or 70:30 to 90 of a cement and a silicic acid-containing substance. : A raw material mixture mixed at a weight ratio of 10 is laminated as a raw material mixture for a base layer,
It is a cured product that is cured by pressure curing,
The amount of the raw material mixture for the surface layer and the raw material mixture for the base layer is 1: 1 to 1: 6 by weight,
Furthermore, the multi-layer high specific gravity wood cement board characterized by having an overall specific gravity of 1.4 g / cm 3 or more.
前記原料混合物を基板上に散布してマットとし、
上記マットを水分存在下に圧締養生硬化せしめることを特徴とする高比重木質セメント板の製造方法。It is a manufacturing method of the high specific gravity wood cement board according to claim 1,
The raw material mixture is spread on a substrate to form a mat,
A method for producing a high specific gravity wood cement board, characterized in that the mat is cured by pressing and curing in the presence of moisture.
前記表層用原料混合物を基板上に散布して表層マットとし、
上記表層マットの上に前記基層用原料混合物を散布して基層マットとし、
積層された複層マットを水分存在下に圧締養生硬化せしめることを特徴とする複層高比重木質セメント板の製造方法。It is a manufacturing method of the multilayer high specific gravity wood cement board according to claim 2,
The surface raw material mixture is dispersed on a substrate to form a surface mat,
A base mat is obtained by spreading the base layer raw material mixture on the surface mat.
A method for producing a multi-layer high specific gravity wood cement board, characterized in that a laminated multi-layer mat is cured by pressing and curing in the presence of moisture.
前記表層用原料混合物を基板上に散布して表層マットとし、
上記表層マットの上に前記基層用原料混合物を散布して基層マットとし、
更に、上記基層マットの上に前記表層用原料混合物を散布して表層マットとして、
積層された複層マットを水分存在下に圧締養生硬化せしめることを特徴とする複層高比重木質セメント板の製造方法。It is a manufacturing method of the multilayer high specific gravity wood cement board according to claim 2,
The surface raw material mixture is dispersed on a substrate to form a surface mat,
A base mat is obtained by spreading the base layer raw material mixture on the surface mat.
Furthermore, as a surface layer mat, the surface layer raw material mixture is dispersed on the base layer mat.
A method for producing a multi-layer high specific gravity wood cement board, characterized in that a laminated multi-layer mat is cured by pressing and curing in the presence of moisture.
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| US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
| EP1587767B1 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2017-07-19 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using bleached cellulose fibers and their manufacturing method |
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