JP3917676B2 - Lubricant for metal processing - Google Patents

Lubricant for metal processing Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3917676B2
JP3917676B2 JP21247795A JP21247795A JP3917676B2 JP 3917676 B2 JP3917676 B2 JP 3917676B2 JP 21247795 A JP21247795 A JP 21247795A JP 21247795 A JP21247795 A JP 21247795A JP 3917676 B2 JP3917676 B2 JP 3917676B2
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integer
lubricating oil
group
compound
metal
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JPH0940982A (en
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幸男 佐藤
正晴 淵上
健二 楽谷
邦彦 木股
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Yushiro Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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Yushiro Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属加工用潤滑油に関する。本発明の金属加工用潤滑油は優れた潤滑性を有するとともに、廃水処理性も良好である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、ポリアルキレンオキシド、ポリアルキレンオキシドアルキルエーテル及びポリアルキレンオキシドアルキルエステル等のポリアルキレンオキシド類は、流体潤滑性能に優れるため、主として流体潤滑領域を対象とする潤滑基剤或いは潤滑添加剤等として利用されている。また、上記ポリアルキレンオキシド類を金属加工用として適用した例が、特開平6−100875号公報等に開示されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、ポリアルキレンオキシド系潤滑剤では、一般的に、実際に使用されている化合物は分岐構造を有するものであり、潤滑性が十分ではない。これはポリアルキレンオキシド類の境界潤滑性能が乏しいためであり、この性能が強く要求される金属の切削、研削及び塑性加工等の領域では、優れた潤滑性能を発揮するポリアルキレンオキシド類はいまだ得られていない。
【0004】
また、ポリアルキレンオキシド類として親水性が高いものを使用した場合、廃水処理時に使用する薬剤として、硫酸バンド等の凝集処理剤等を添加しても凝集を生ぜず、処理できないという問題をも有する。以上述べたように、潤滑性及び廃水処理性ともに優れたポリアルキレンオキシド類は見いだされていないのが実情である。
本発明は、上記問題点を解決するものであり、式〔1〕に特定する化合物を使用することにより、潤滑性、廃水処理性ともに優れた金属加工用潤滑油を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
本発明者等は、上記の課題を解決すべく、ポリアルキレンオキシド類の構造と、それを用いて調製した潤滑油の潤滑性及び廃水処理性との関連について鋭意研究した結果、特定の構造を有するポリアルキレンオキシド類を使用することにより、優れた性能の金属加工用潤滑油が得られることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の金属加工用潤滑油は、以下の通りである。
(1)下記の一般式〔1〕で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする金属加工用潤滑油(但し、下記の式〔2〕で表される化合物は除く。)
〔R−O−(R’O) − (CH−COO〕−M 〔1〕
(上記式中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基、R’は炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基であり、lは1〜100の整数、Mは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアミンの水素イオン付加物であり、mは1〜5の整数、nはMの価数に対応する整数である。)
〔R−O−(C O) l’ (CH m’ −COO〕−M’ 〔2〕
(但し、上記式〔2〕中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基であり、l’は1〜10の整数、M’はアルカリ金属であり、m’は1〜5の整数である。)
(2)下記の一般式〔1〕で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする金属加工用潤滑油。
〔R−O−(R’O) (CH −COO〕 −M 〔1〕
(但し、上記式中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基、R’は炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基であり、lは20〜100の整数、Mは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアミンの水素イオン付加物であり、mは1〜5の整数、nはMの価数に対応する整数である。)
(3)下記の一般式〔1〕で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする金属加工用潤滑油。
〔R−O−(R’O) −(CH −COO〕 n−M 〔1〕
(但し、上記式中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基、R’Oはオキシエチレン基と、オキシプロピレン基又はオキシブチレン基であり、lは1〜100の整数、Mは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアミンの水素イオン付加物であり、mは1〜5の整数、nはMの価数に対応する整数である。)
【0007】
上記「一般式〔1〕の化合物」において、上記「R」は炭化水素基であり、飽和基でもよいし、不飽和基でもよく、直鎖状或いは分岐を有するアルキル基、アルケニル基等である。また、アリル基、アルキルアリル基等の芳香族環を有する化合物であってもよい。これら炭化水素基の炭素数は1〜30であり、4〜24の範囲が好ましい。炭素数が30を越える場合は、親油性が強くなり(疎水性が高くなり)、併用することの多い水との相溶性に劣り、液安定性が低下する。炭素数が4〜24の範囲であれば、オキシアルキレン鎖〔(R’O)l 〕との相関を考慮しながら、親水性と親油性とを適宜バランスさせることができる。
【0008】
上記「R’O」は、オキシエチレン基、オキシプロピレン基及びオキシブチレン基のうちの少なくとも1種である。これらオキシアルキレン基の付加モル数は1〜100、特に5〜60程度が適当である。上記化合物を水で希釈しない潤滑油に使用する場合は、「R’O」の疎水性が高いほど、言い換えればオキシエチレン基の量比が低いほど、また、オキシアルキレン基の全付加モル数が多いほど優れた性能の潤滑油を得ることができる。しかし、付加モル数が100を越えても、コストが嵩むばかりで、それ以上の性能向上はみられない。
【0009】
また、上記一般式〔1〕において、mが5を越える場合は、潤滑油に泡立ちを生ずる。このmは1〜3であることが好ましく、この範囲であれば泡立ちはほとんどなく、化合物或いは潤滑油を容易に調製することができる。この化合物は、アルコールにアルキレンオキシドを付加した後、常法により、ハロゲン元素を有するカルボン酸を反応させ、さらに塩とする方法、或いはアルコールにアルキレンオキシドを付加した後、酸化してカルボン酸とし、これをさらに塩とする方法等によって調製することができる。
【0010】
本発明の金属加工用潤滑油における上記化合物の含有量は、潤滑油全量を100重量部とした場合に、0.1〜100重量部の範囲とすることができる。この含有量が0.1重量部未満では潤滑性が十分に向上せず好ましくない。また、本発明では、化合物の構造にもよるが0.5重量%程度の希薄水溶液であっても、十分に潤滑性等に優れた潤滑油を得ることができる。尚、水等他の成分を配合せず、化合物そのものを潤滑油として用いることもできる。
【0011】
更に、本発明においては、潤滑油の全量100重量部中、1〜50重量部程度の鉱物油を含有させることができる。この場合、上記化合物の含有量は0.1〜30重量部程度が好ましい。この化合物が0.1重量部未満では、この特定の化合物を使用することによる潤滑性及び廃水処理性が十分に向上せず、30重量部を越える場合は、粘度が高くなる傾向があり、取り扱いが難しくなることがある。鉱物油等を配合する場合は、この化合物の含有量は0.5〜25重量部、特に5〜20重量部程度が好ましく、化合物の構造等を勘案しながら、適量の化合物を使用することにより、優れた性能の金属加工用潤滑油を得ることができる。
【0012】
また、潤滑油中の鉱物油が1重量部未満では、鉱物油配合による潤滑性の向上が十分ではなく、50重量部を越える場合は、油剤の安定性が低下する。この鉱物油の配合量は5〜50重量部、特に25〜45重量部が好ましく、この範囲であれば潤滑性と液安定性のバランスのとれた潤滑油が得られる。この鉱物油としては、パラフィン系、ナフテン系、芳香族系等、通常、金属加工用潤滑油に使用されているものを、特に制限されることなく使用することができる。
【0013】
式〔1〕においてポリオキシアルキレンモノエーテルカルボン酸と塩を構成する上記「M」としては、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属、カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属、アンモニウムの他、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、イソプロパノールアミン等の水素イオン付加物などが挙げられる。これらの中ではナトリウム等のアルカリ金属が好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の金属加工用潤滑油には、上記の必須成分の他、必要に応じて動植物油等の油脂、オレイン酸、カプリル酸等の各種脂肪酸、高級アルコール、アルカノールアミン等の基油、塩素系、硫黄系、リン系等の極圧添加剤、各種エステル等からなる油性向上剤、ソルビタンモノオレエート、石油スルホン酸等の防錆剤、シリコーンオイル等の消泡剤、高級脂肪酸のアルカリ金属塩、ソルビタンの脂肪酸エステル等の界面活性剤などの他、防腐剤及び染料等を適宜配合することができる。
【0015】
また、本発明の金属加工用潤滑油は、上記の各成分を必要により配合し、混合することによって調製でき、各成分の配合の順序、配合に使用する装置、配合方法等、特に制限はされず、通常、この種の潤滑油の調製に使用される装置、方法等により調製することができる。
【0016】
本発明の金属加工用潤滑油では、カルボキシル基を持たないポリアルキレンオキシド類を潤滑成分とする従来の潤滑油と比較し、適用できる潤滑領域を、より厳しい領域、即ち境界潤滑領域に広げることが可能となる。また、カルボキシル基(若しくは塩)の導入により、親水性の高いポリオキシアルキレンアルキル(又はアルケニル、アリル、アルキルアリル等)エーテルでも、凝集処理剤による処理が可能となり、廃水処理において有利となる。
【0017】
即ち、本発明では、親水性の高いポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する化合物を使用する場合であっても、上記のようにカルボキシル基(若しくは塩)を導入することにより、カルボキシル基等と凝集処理剤との反応によりフロックが形成されるため、その反応生成物を廃液中より比較的容易に除去することができる。更に、一般式〔1〕で表される化合物は、界面活性剤として非イオン性界面活性剤とノニオン性界面活性剤の両方の性質を併せ持ち、被乳化体の乳化、可溶化の点でも有用である。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例及び比較例によって更に詳しく説明する。
一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレンモノエーテルカルボン酸の塩は次のようにして得た。
反応生成物1;シクロヘキシルアルコール1モルに対し、定法に従ってプロピレンオキシド30モル及びエチレンオキシド5モルを順に付加させて得たポリオキシアルキレンモノシクロヘキシルエーテルと、クロロ酢酸ナトリウムとを、水酸化ナトリウムの存在下、減圧下に反応させ、その後、副生した塩化ナトリウムを除去し、ポリオキシアルキレンモノシクロヘキシルエーテルカルボン酸のナトリウム塩(化合物1)を71重量%含有する反応生成物1を得た。
【0019】
反応生成物2;オクチルアルコール1モルに対し、定法に従ってプロピレンオキシド10モル及びエチレンオキシド10モルを順に付加させて得たポリオキシアルキレンモノオクチルエーテルと、クロロ酢酸カリウムとを、水酸化カリウムの存在下、減圧下に反応させ、その後、副生した塩化カリウムを除去し、ポリオキシアルキレンモノオクチルエーテルカルボン酸のカリウム塩(化合物2)を75重量%含有する反応生成物2を得た。
【0020】
反応生成物3;ステアリルアルコール1モルに対し、定法に従ってエチレンオキシド5モル、プロピレンオキシド30モル及びエチレンオキシド5モルを順に付加させて得たポリオキシアルキレンモノステアリルエーテルと、クロロ酢酸カリウムとを、水酸化カリウムの存在下、減圧下に反応させ、その後、副生した塩化カリウムを除去し、ポリオキシアルキレンモノステアリルエーテルカルボン酸のカリウム塩(化合物3)を58重量%含有する反応生成物3を得た。
【0021】
反応生成物4;ステアリルアルコール1モルに対し、定法に従ってエチレンオキシド5モル、プロピレンオキシド50モル及びエチレンオキシド5モルを順に付加させて得たポリオキシアルキレンモノステアリルエーテルと、クロロ酢酸ナトリウムとを、水酸化ナトリウムの存在下、減圧下に反応させ、その後、副生した塩化ナトリウムを除去し、ポリオキシアルキレンモノステアリルエーテルカルボン酸のナトリウム塩(化合物4)を45重量%含有する反応生成物4を得た。
【0022】
反応生成物5;ステアリルアルコール1モルに対し、定法に従ってブチレンオキシド20モル及びエチレンオキシド5モルを順に付加させて得たポリオキシアルキレンモノステアリルエーテルと、クロロ酢酸カリウムとを、水酸化カリウムの存在下、減圧下に反応させ、その後、副生した塩化カリウムを除去し、ポリオキシアルキレンモノステアリルエーテルカルボン酸のカリウム塩(化合物5)を60重量%含有する反応生成物5を得た。
【0023】
得られた反応生成物の組成を表1に示す。表1中のEOはエチレンオキシド、POはプロピレンオキシド及びBOはブチレンオキシドを表し、数字はそれぞれの付加モル数を表す。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0003917676
【0025】
表1の5種類の化合物の潤滑性及び廃水処理性を評価した。潤滑性については各化合物を含む反応生成物原液と化合物濃度0.5重量%の水溶液について、また、廃水処理性については化合物濃度0.1重量%の水溶液を用いて評価した。測定方法を下記に、結果を表2に示す。
潤滑性;曽田式振子型油性試験機により摩擦係数を測定した。
廃水処理性;硫酸バンド1%を使用して凝集処理を行い、JIS 0102
18の手法でCOD(単位;mg/l)を測定した。
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003917676
【0027】
なお、表2における比較物質1は、分子量約1000のポリオキシプロピレン、比較物質2は、分子量約2000、プロピレンオキシド/エチレンオキシド(重量比)=80/20のポリオキシプロピレン・オキシエチレンブロック共重合体である。
【0028】
表2の結果によれば、化合物1〜5では、それらを含む反応生成物原液の摩擦係数は0.13〜0.16と小さく、非常に潤滑性に優れていることが分かる。また、化合物濃度が0.5重量%と希薄な水溶液であっても、相当な潤滑性を有しており、特に長鎖のアルコールを使用した化合物3〜5では、希薄水溶液であっても、比較物質の原液と同程度の潤滑性を有していることが分かる。また、これら化合物、特に化合物4〜5は廃水処理性においても非常に優れた性能を有している。
【0029】
一方、比較物質では、原液の潤滑性は上記各化合物に比べ遜色ないものの、希薄水溶液では摩擦係数が非常に大きくなり、高濃度でないと十分な性能は得られないことが分かる。また、廃水処理性は非常に劣っており、CODは化合物1〜3の2〜3倍程度、化合物4〜5の10倍前後の高い値となつている。
【0030】
次に、表1の各化合物を含む反応生成物に表3の各成分をそれぞれ所定量配合して得られる潤滑油を調製し、配合物の原液及びその5重量%水溶液について、前記と同様の方法でその潤滑性を評価した。その結果を表4に示す。尚、比較例2で使用した比較物質は、ヒマシ油のヒドロキシル基にオキシエチレンを24モル付加したもののカリウム塩である。
【0031】
【表3】
Figure 0003917676
【0032】
【表4】
Figure 0003917676
【0033】
表4の結果によれば、実施例1〜5では、上記化合物を含む反応生成物を単独で使用した場合に比べて僅かながら摩擦係数が小さくなる傾向にあり、より潤滑性に優れた潤滑油が得られていることが分かる。また、これらの配合物原液を5重量%の水溶液とした場合でも、摩擦係数はほとんど変化せず、配合物の5重量%程度の低濃度の水溶液で十分な性能の潤滑油が得られることが分かる。尚、実施例5では、鉱物油を38重量部使用しているため潤滑性は最もよいものとなっているが、廃水処理性がやや低下することが予想され、このように本発明の金属加工用潤滑油では、潤滑性と廃水処理性とを適宜バランスさせた潤滑油とすることができる。
【0034】
一方、上記化合物も鉱物油も含まない比較例1の潤滑油では、摩擦係数は非常に大きく、潤滑性に劣っていることが分かる。また、比較物質を20重量部配合した比較例2の場合、原液では潤滑性は良好であるが、5%水溶液ではやや低下の傾向がみられる。更に、鉱物油を49重量部と大量に使用した実験例1の潤滑油は優れた潤滑性を有しているが、本発明の特定の化合物を含有させた潤滑油も、この鉱物油を使用した潤滑油と比べて何ら遜色のない性能を有するものであることが分かる。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の金属加工用潤滑油では、特定のカルボン酸又はその塩を使用することにより、潤滑性に優れ、且つ良好な廃水処理性をも有する金属加工用潤滑油を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil for metal working. The lubricating oil for metal working of the present invention has excellent lubricity and good wastewater treatment properties.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, polyalkylene oxides such as polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene oxide alkyl ethers and polyalkylene oxide alkyl esters are excellent in fluid lubrication performance, and are therefore mainly used as lubricant bases or lubricant additives for the fluid lubrication region. Has been. Moreover, an example in which the above polyalkylene oxides are applied for metal processing is disclosed in JP-A-6-1000087.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the polyalkylene oxide-based lubricant, generally, the actually used compound has a branched structure, and the lubricity is not sufficient. This is because the boundary lubrication performance of polyalkylene oxides is poor, and polyalkylene oxides that exhibit excellent lubrication performance are still not available in areas such as metal cutting, grinding, and plastic working where this performance is strongly required. It is not done.
[0004]
In addition, when a highly hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide is used, there is a problem that even if an aggregating agent such as a sulfuric acid band is added as a chemical used in wastewater treatment, aggregation does not occur and the treatment cannot be performed. . As described above, the fact is that no polyalkylene oxides excellent in lubricity and wastewater treatment properties have been found.
This invention solves the said problem, and it aims at providing the lubricating oil for metalworking which was excellent in lubricity and waste-water-treatment property by using the compound specified by Formula [1]. .
[0005]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive research on the relationship between the structure of polyalkylene oxides and the lubricity and wastewater treatment properties of lubricating oils prepared using the polyalkylene oxides. It has been found that by using the polyalkylene oxides possessed, a lubricating oil for metal working with excellent performance can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The lubricating oil for metal working of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A metalworking lubricant characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula [1] (excluding a compound represented by the following formula [2]) .
[R—O— (R′O) 1 — (CH 2 ) m —COO] n —M [1]
(In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ′ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, l is an integer of 1 to 100, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal. Or a hydrogen ion adduct of amine, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M.)
[R—O— (C 2 H 4 O) l ′ (CH 2) m '-COO] -M' [2]
(However, in said formula [2], R is a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group, l 'is an integer of 1-10, M' is an alkali metal, and m 'is an integer of 1-5. is there.)
(2) A lubricating oil for metal working, comprising a compound represented by the following general formula [1].
[R—O— (R′O) l (CH 2) m -COO] n -M (1)
(In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ′ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, l is an integer of 20 to 100, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth A metal ion or a hydrogen ion adduct of an amine, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M.)
(3) A lubricating oil for metal working, comprising a compound represented by the following general formula [1].
[R—O— (R′O) 1 — (CH 2 ) m —COO] n n-M [1]
(In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R′O is an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group or an oxybutylene group, l is an integer of 1 to 100, M is hydrogen, A hydrogen ion adduct of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or an amine, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M.)
[0007]
In the “compound of the general formula [1]”, the “R” is a hydrocarbon group, which may be a saturated group or an unsaturated group, and is a linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group or the like. . Moreover, the compound which has aromatic rings, such as an allyl group and an alkyl allyl group, may be sufficient. These hydrocarbon groups have 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably in the range of 4 to 24. When the carbon number exceeds 30, the lipophilicity becomes strong (hydrophobicity becomes high), the compatibility with water often used in combination is inferior, and the liquid stability is lowered. When the carbon number is in the range of 4 to 24, hydrophilicity and lipophilicity can be appropriately balanced while considering the correlation with the oxyalkylene chain [(R′O) 1 ].
[0008]
The “R′O” is at least one of an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group. The number of moles added of these oxyalkylene groups is suitably from 1 to 100, particularly from about 5 to 60. When the above compound is used in a lubricating oil that is not diluted with water, the higher the hydrophobicity of “R′O”, in other words, the lower the ratio of oxyethylene groups, and the total number of moles of oxyalkylene groups added. The greater the amount, the better the lubricating oil can be obtained. However, even if the number of added moles exceeds 100, the cost is increased and no further performance improvement is observed.
[0009]
In the general formula [1], when m exceeds 5, bubbling occurs in the lubricating oil. This m is preferably 1 to 3, and if it is within this range, there is almost no foaming, and the compound or lubricating oil can be easily prepared. This compound is obtained by adding an alkylene oxide to an alcohol and then reacting with a carboxylic acid having a halogen element by a conventional method to form a salt, or after adding an alkylene oxide to an alcohol and oxidizing it to obtain a carboxylic acid. It can be prepared by a method of further converting this into a salt.
[0010]
Content of the said compound in the lubricating oil for metal processing of this invention can be made into the range of 0.1-100 weight part, when lubricating oil whole quantity is 100 weight part. If the content is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the lubricity is not sufficiently improved, which is not preferable. Further, in the present invention, although depending on the structure of the compound, even a dilute aqueous solution of about 0.5% by weight can obtain a lubricating oil that is sufficiently excellent in lubricity and the like. In addition, the compound itself can also be used as lubricating oil, without mix | blending other components, such as water.
[0011]
Furthermore, in this invention, about 1-50 weight part mineral oil can be contained in 100 weight part of whole quantity of lubricating oil. In this case, the content of the compound is preferably about 0.1 to 30 parts by weight. If this compound is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the lubricity and wastewater treatment properties due to the use of this specific compound are not sufficiently improved, and if it exceeds 30 parts by weight, the viscosity tends to increase, Can be difficult. When blending mineral oil or the like, the content of this compound is preferably 0.5 to 25 parts by weight, particularly about 5 to 20 parts by weight, and by using an appropriate amount of the compound while taking into consideration the structure of the compound and the like. Thus, it is possible to obtain a metal working lubricant having excellent performance.
[0012]
Further, when the mineral oil in the lubricating oil is less than 1 part by weight, the lubricity is not sufficiently improved by the blending of the mineral oil, and when it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the stability of the oil is lowered. The blending amount of the mineral oil is preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 25 to 45 parts by weight. If it is within this range, a lubricating oil having a good balance between lubricity and liquid stability can be obtained. As this mineral oil, paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic and the like which are usually used for metalworking lubricating oils can be used without particular limitation.
[0013]
The “M” constituting the salt with the polyoxyalkylene monoether carboxylic acid in the formula [1] includes alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, Examples thereof include hydrogen ion adducts such as triethanolamine and isopropanolamine. In these, alkali metals, such as sodium, are preferable.
[0014]
The lubricating oil for metal working of the present invention includes, in addition to the above essential components, fats and oils such as animal and vegetable oils, various fatty acids such as oleic acid and caprylic acid, base oils such as higher alcohol and alkanolamine, and chlorine , Sulfur-based and phosphorus-based extreme pressure additives, oil-based improvers composed of various esters, rust inhibitors such as sorbitan monooleate and petroleum sulfonic acid, antifoaming agents such as silicone oil, alkali metal salts of higher fatty acids In addition to surfactants such as fatty acid esters of sorbitan, preservatives and dyes can be appropriately blended.
[0015]
The lubricating oil for metal working of the present invention can be prepared by blending the above components as necessary and mixing them, and the order of blending each component, the apparatus used for blending, the blending method, etc. are not particularly limited. In general, it can be prepared by an apparatus, a method or the like used for preparing this type of lubricating oil.
[0016]
In the lubricating oil for metal processing of the present invention, the applicable lubricating region can be expanded to a stricter region, that is, a boundary lubricating region, as compared with a conventional lubricating oil having a polyalkylene oxide having no carboxyl group as a lubricating component. It becomes possible. In addition, by introducing a carboxyl group (or salt), even a highly hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl, allyl, alkylallyl, etc.) ether can be treated with an aggregating agent, which is advantageous in wastewater treatment.
[0017]
That is, in the present invention, even when a compound having a highly hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene chain is used, by introducing a carboxyl group (or salt) as described above, the carboxyl group and the like and the aggregation treatment agent Since flocs are formed by this reaction, the reaction product can be removed relatively easily from the waste liquid. Furthermore, the compound represented by the general formula [1] has both the properties of a nonionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant as a surfactant, and is also useful in terms of emulsification and solubilization of an emulsion. is there.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
The salt of polyoxyalkylene monoether carboxylic acid represented by the general formula [1] was obtained as follows.
Reaction product 1: Polyoxyalkylene monocyclohexyl ether obtained by sequentially adding 30 mol of propylene oxide and 5 mol of ethylene oxide according to a conventional method to 1 mol of cyclohexyl alcohol, sodium chloroacetate, in the presence of sodium hydroxide, After reacting under reduced pressure, sodium chloride produced as a by-product was removed to obtain reaction product 1 containing 71% by weight of sodium salt of polyoxyalkylene monocyclohexyl ether carboxylic acid (Compound 1).
[0019]
Reaction product 2: Polyoxyalkylene monooctyl ether obtained by sequentially adding 10 mol of propylene oxide and 10 mol of ethylene oxide according to a conventional method to 1 mol of octyl alcohol, and potassium chloroacetate in the presence of potassium hydroxide, The reaction was carried out under reduced pressure, and then by-product potassium chloride was removed to obtain reaction product 2 containing 75% by weight of potassium salt of polyoxyalkylene monooctyl ether carboxylic acid (compound 2).
[0020]
Reaction product 3: Polyoxyalkylene monostearyl ether obtained by sequentially adding 5 mol of ethylene oxide, 30 mol of propylene oxide and 5 mol of ethylene oxide according to a conventional method to 1 mol of stearyl alcohol, and potassium chloroacetate were added with potassium hydroxide. Then, by-product potassium chloride was removed to obtain reaction product 3 containing 58% by weight of potassium salt of polyoxyalkylene monostearyl ether carboxylic acid (compound 3).
[0021]
Reaction product 4: Polyoxyalkylene monostearyl ether obtained by sequentially adding 5 mol of ethylene oxide, 50 mol of propylene oxide and 5 mol of ethylene oxide according to a conventional method to 1 mol of stearyl alcohol, sodium chloroacetate, sodium hydroxide Then, the by-product sodium chloride was removed to obtain reaction product 4 containing 45% by weight of polyoxyalkylene monostearyl ether carboxylic acid sodium salt (compound 4).
[0022]
Reaction product 5: Polyoxyalkylene monostearyl ether obtained by sequentially adding 20 mol of butylene oxide and 5 mol of ethylene oxide according to a conventional method to 1 mol of stearyl alcohol, and potassium chloroacetate in the presence of potassium hydroxide, The reaction was carried out under reduced pressure, and then by-produced potassium chloride was removed to obtain a reaction product 5 containing 60% by weight of a potassium salt of polyoxyalkylene monostearyl ether carboxylic acid (compound 5).
[0023]
The composition of the obtained reaction product is shown in Table 1. In Table 1, EO represents ethylene oxide, PO represents propylene oxide, and BO represents butylene oxide, and the numbers represent the number of moles added.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003917676
[0025]
The lubricity and wastewater treatability of the five compounds shown in Table 1 were evaluated. The lubricity was evaluated using a reaction product stock solution containing each compound and an aqueous solution having a compound concentration of 0.5% by weight, and the wastewater treatment property was evaluated using an aqueous solution having a compound concentration of 0.1% by weight. The measurement method is shown below, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Lubricity: The coefficient of friction was measured with an Iwata-type pendulum oiliness tester.
Wastewater treatment property: flocculation treatment using 1% sulfuric acid band, JIS 0102
COD (unit: mg / l) was measured by 18 methods.
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003917676
[0027]
In Table 2, the comparative substance 1 is a polyoxypropylene having a molecular weight of about 1000, and the comparative substance 2 is a polyoxypropylene / oxyethylene block copolymer having a molecular weight of about 2000 and propylene oxide / ethylene oxide (weight ratio) = 80/20. It is.
[0028]
According to the results in Table 2, it can be seen that, in the compounds 1 to 5, the reaction product stock solution containing them has a small coefficient of friction of 0.13 to 0.16 and is very excellent in lubricity. Further, even in a dilute aqueous solution with a compound concentration of 0.5% by weight, it has considerable lubricity, and particularly in compounds 3 to 5 using a long chain alcohol, even in a dilute aqueous solution, It can be seen that it has the same level of lubricity as the stock solution of the comparative substance. Moreover, these compounds, especially the compounds 4 to 5, have very excellent performance in terms of wastewater treatment.
[0029]
On the other hand, with the comparative substance, the lubricity of the undiluted solution is inferior to that of each of the above compounds, but it can be seen that the dilute aqueous solution has a very high friction coefficient, and sufficient performance cannot be obtained without a high concentration. In addition, the wastewater treatability is very inferior, and the COD is about 2 to 3 times higher than that of compounds 1 to 3 and about 10 times higher than that of compounds 4 to 5.
[0030]
Next, a lubricating oil obtained by blending a predetermined amount of each component of Table 3 into the reaction product containing each compound of Table 1 is prepared. The stock solution of the blend and its 5 wt% aqueous solution are the same as described above. The lubricity was evaluated by the method. The results are shown in Table 4. The comparative substance used in Comparative Example 2 is a potassium salt obtained by adding 24 mol of oxyethylene to the hydroxyl group of castor oil.
[0031]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003917676
[0032]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003917676
[0033]
According to the result of Table 4, in Examples 1-5, it is in the tendency for a friction coefficient to become slightly small compared with the case where the reaction product containing the said compound is used independently, and lubricating oil excellent in lubricity. It can be seen that Moreover, even when these blend stock solutions are made into 5 wt% aqueous solutions, the friction coefficient hardly changes, and a lubricating oil having sufficient performance can be obtained with a low concentration aqueous solution of about 5 wt% of the blend. I understand. In Example 5, the lubricity is the best because 38 parts by weight of mineral oil is used, but it is expected that the wastewater treatment performance is slightly lowered. The lubricating oil for use can be a lubricating oil in which lubricity and wastewater treatment properties are appropriately balanced.
[0034]
On the other hand, it can be seen that the lubricating oil of Comparative Example 1 containing neither the above-mentioned compound nor mineral oil has a very high coefficient of friction and poor lubricity. Moreover, in the case of the comparative example 2 which mix | blended 20 weight part of comparative substances, lubricity is favorable in a stock solution, but the tendency for a slight fall is seen in 5% aqueous solution. Furthermore, the lubricating oil of Experimental Example 1 using a large amount of 49 parts by weight of mineral oil has excellent lubricity, but the lubricating oil containing the specific compound of the present invention also uses this mineral oil. It can be seen that it has a performance comparable to that of the lubricating oil.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
In the lubricating oil for metal working of the present invention, by using a specific carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, it is possible to obtain a lubricating oil for metal working that is excellent in lubricity and also has good wastewater treatment properties.

Claims (3)

下記の一般式〔1〕で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする金属加工用潤滑油(但し、下記の式〔2〕で表される化合物は除く。)
〔R−O−(R’O) − (CH−COO〕−M 〔1〕
(上記式中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基、R’は炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基であり、lは1〜100の整数、Mは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアミンの水素イオン付加物であり、mは1〜5の整数、nはMの価数に対応する整数である。)
〔R−O−(C O) l’ (CH m’ −COO〕−M’ 〔2〕
(但し、上記式〔2〕中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基であり、l’は1〜10の整数、M’はアルカリ金属であり、m’は1〜5の整数である。)
A metalworking lubricating oil characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula [1] (excluding a compound represented by the following formula [2]) .
[R—O— (R′O) 1 — (CH 2 ) m —COO] n —M [1]
(In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ′ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, l is an integer of 1 to 100, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal. Or a hydrogen ion adduct of amine, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M.)
[R—O— (C 2 H 4 O) l ′ (CH 2) m '-COO] -M' [2]
(However, in said formula [2], R is a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group, l 'is an integer of 1-10, M' is an alkali metal, and m 'is an integer of 1-5. is there.)
下記の一般式〔1〕で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする金属加工用潤滑油。A metal processing lubricant characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula [1].
〔R−O−(R’O)[R-O- (R'O) l (CH(CH 2 ) m −COO〕-COO] n −M 〔1〕-M [1]
(但し、上記式中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基、R’は炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基であり、lは20〜100の整数、Mは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアミンの水素イオン付加物であり、mは1〜5の整数、nはMの価数に対応する整数である。)(In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ′ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, l is an integer of 20 to 100, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth A metal ion or a hydrogen ion adduct of an amine, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M.)
下記の一般式〔1〕で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする金属加工用潤滑油。A metal processing lubricant characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula [1].
〔R−O−(R’O)[R-O- (R'O) l −(CH-(CH 2 ) m −COO〕-COO] n n−M 〔1〕n-M [1]
(但し、上記式中、Rは炭素数1〜30の炭化水素基、R’Oはオキシエチレン基と、オキシプロピレン基又はオキシブチレン基であり、lは1〜100の整数、Mは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアミンの水素イオン付加物であり、mは1〜5の整数、nはMの価数に対応する整数である。)(In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R′O is an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group or an oxybutylene group, l is an integer of 1 to 100, M is hydrogen, A hydrogen ion adduct of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or an amine, m is an integer of 1 to 5, and n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M.)
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