JP3689124B2 - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an optical system of a stereomicroscope.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Stereomicroscopes are used in a wide range of fields such as research, inspection, and surgery because they can grasp minute parts three-dimensionally. With the recent advancement of technology in these fields, there is a strong demand for a stereomicroscope that can be observed in an easy posture so that two persons can work from any direction or observe for a long time.
[0003]
As a conventional example of a stereomicroscope that satisfies this demand, one described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-156212 is known. This conventional example is configured as shown in FIG. 22, and an optical system 30 capable of zooming, such as an afocal zoom optical system coaxial with the objective lens, is installed, and a pair of left and right eyepiece optical systems are provided behind it. The above-mentioned demand is achieved by rotating the entire eyepiece optical system around an axis parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens.
[0004]
However, this stereomicroscope needs to increase the exit pupil of the afocal zoom optical system so as to include the left and right observation pupils of the eyepiece optical system. For example, if one of the two afocal zoom lenses used in a normal stereomicroscope is enlarged in a similar manner to satisfy the above requirement, the size of the pupil is more than doubled, and the zoom lens accordingly. Will be more than double the total length. Furthermore, in order to improve the workability of the microscope, a stereomicroscope equipped with an objective lens having a variable working distance has been put into practical use. In this case, the optical path length of the optical system is further increased. Therefore, the object surface of the optical system that performs the work is separated from the position (eye point) of the eye that the operator looks through the eyepiece lens, and it is difficult to perform work near the object surface. Furthermore, since the distance from the pupil position to the objective lens is increased, the off-axis light beam spreads, and the problem arises that the outer diameter of the objective lens increases and the microscope becomes larger.
[0005]
Although it is possible to shorten the overall length of the lens system while keeping the pupil diameter of the zoom optical system at least twice as large as described above, the focal length of each lens is shortened and high-precision lens processing is required. In addition, there is a disadvantage that adjustment becomes difficult, and a practical size cannot be created.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is a single stereoscopic microscope variable magnification optical system in which the variable magnification optical system includes the left and right pupils of the observation optical system, and the operation on the object surface while observing with a low eye point becomes easy. A stereomicroscope having good optical performance is provided.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The stereomicroscope of the present invention has one objective lens and one variable magnification optical system arranged coaxially with the objective lens, and is provided between the variable magnification optical system and the pupil of the observer, and the variable magnification optical system. The optical axis of the system is a system in which a plurality of aperture stops serving as pupils are set at eccentric positions, and the optical axis determined by the aperture stop (the optical axis of the observation system) passes through different positions within the variable magnification optical system. And an afocal relay optical system that forms an image once in an optical system common to the left and right (an optical system located on the object side of the observation system).
[0008]
The stereomicroscope needs to keep the working distance necessary for the work, and close the object surface and eye point of the optical system for the work. The side opposite to the side where the operator of the microscope is located or the side is slightly affected even if it becomes slightly larger. For this reason, a projection is provided in a direction that has little effect on the operation of the microscope, a variable magnification optical system is arranged inside it, a light beam from the object is guided to the variable magnification optical system using a reflecting member, and the incident light flux of the mirror body The light beam is emitted from the vicinity. With this configuration, the eye point can be lowered, and the distance between the object plane and the eye point can be shortened. However, the optical path length in the lens body becomes long, the objective lens moves away from the aperture stop, the off-axis light beam becomes wide, and an objective lens having a large diameter is required. Therefore, it becomes a wide mirror and it is difficult to see the object surface directly, and it becomes a microscope with poor workability and is not practical. In the present invention, this disadvantage is solved by relaying the pupil (aperture stop image) near the objective lens to reduce the light flux near the objective lens. That is, the afocal relay optical system that forms an image once inside is inserted into one common optical system (the optical system closer to the object than the aperture stop).
[0009]
Here, since an afocal variable magnification optical system exists between the objective lens and the aperture stop, the image position of the aperture stop relayed near the objective lens changes.
[0010]
In such an optical system, the size of the outer diameter of the objective lens depends on the state of the light beam when the magnification of the afocal variable magnification optical system is maximum. Accordingly, if the aperture stop image is formed in the vicinity of the objective lens when the magnification of the afocal variable magnification optical system is maximum, the diameter of the lens can be reduced. When the objective lens is composed of a plurality of lenses, it is preferable that the pupil is relayed near the lens on the object side. In this case, since the object image is formed twice by the variable power optical system and the relay optical system before reaching the eyepiece, no erecting system for rotating the image by 180 ° is required. However, since the left and right light beams are interchanged, the left and right light beams need to be interchanged between the pupil and the eyepiece because it becomes an inverted solid when observed as it is.
[0011]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the stereomicroscope of the present invention includes a first reflecting member 1 for bending light rays from an object in the horizontal direction, an objective lens 2 for making light rays from the object parallel, and a horizontal direction. The second reflecting member 3 for bending the light beam again in the vertical direction, the afocal variable magnification optical system 4, the third reflecting member 5 for returning the light beam to the original direction of bending, and an afocal light beam are imaged. a lens group 6 for, towards the direction of the ray emerging the lens 6 downwards, further horizontally toward the further bent in the same direction (the object side) and the light beam from the object reflector member 7 (reflecting plate 7a, 7b 7c), a lens group 8 for converting the light beam into a parallel light beam again, a light splitting element 9 for branching to a plurality of observer directions and image pickup systems, and left and right aperture stops 10L, 10R for setting a pupil, An imaging lens 11L for forming left and right images, And 1R, an optical system 12 for replacing the left and right light beams, the left and right eyepieces 13L, consists and 13R.
[0012]
Here, the objective lens 2 is composed of a positive lens group and a negative lens group from the object side, and the working distance WD can be changed by moving the negative lens group in the optical axis direction. The variable magnification optical system 4 includes three lens groups, a positive lens group, a negative lens group, and a positive lens group, and performs zooming by moving the two lens groups on the image side. The objective lens 2 to the lens group 8 are common to the left and right optical systems and are arranged on the same optical axis.
[0013]
FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a lens barrel portion from the aperture stops 10L, 10R to the eyepieces 13L, 13R in this stereomicroscope. The optical system 12 for switching the right and left light beams has four reflecting members 12a, 12b, 12c. 12d, and the right imaging beam is guided to the left eyepiece by the reflecting members 12a and 12b, and the left imaging beam is guided to the right eyepiece by the reflecting members 12c and 12d. . In addition, prisms 15L and 15R for adjusting the left and right eye width necessary for observation with both eyes are inserted between the left and right eyepieces 13L and 13R.
[0014]
In such an optical system, the afocal relay optical system including the lens group 6 and the lens group 8 relays the pupil (aperture stop image) in the vicinity of the objective lens in the state where the magnification of the variable power optical system is maximized. To be. The lens group 6 is a lens group on the object side from the image forming point 14 in the afocal relay optical system, and the lens group 8 is an optical system on the image side from the image forming point 14.
[0015]
In this optical system, when a plurality of observers observe, the pupil positions of the observers are often different. Therefore, it is not possible to relay all of the aperture stop to the position of the objective lens. In such a case, the effective diameter can be reduced by adjusting the middle of the range of the relay position of the aperture stop of each observer to the position of the objective lens.
[0016]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the second reflecting member 3 in FIG. 1 is changed to reflecting members 3a and 3b, and the reflecting member 7 in the relay optical system is further increased by 7d to 7a, 7b and 7c, and is three-dimensional. In other words, the light from the reflecting prism 1 is bent in the horizontal plane by the reflecting prism 3a and then directed upward by the reflecting prism 3b, and the light from the reflecting prism 7b is further in the horizontal plane by the reflecting prism 7c. If the light is returned to the original direction and then directed upward by the reflecting prism 7d, the direction protruding from the microscope can be adjusted.
[0017]
In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, when the prisms 7b and 7d are rotated 90 ° in the opposite direction and the prism 7c is placed therebetween, the reflecting member from the objective lens 2 to the lens group 8 of the pupil relay optical system is used. The image can also be rotated 180 °. In that case, an optical system for switching the right and left light beams is not necessary, and a pair of left and right erect prisms that rotate the image 180 ° without replacing the left and right light beams may be used. In other words, as shown in FIG. 5, if left and right erecting optical systems 16R ₁ , 16R ₂ , 16L ₁ , and 16L ₂ each comprising two prisms are used, the same structure as that of a general Galileo stereomicroscope is obtained. . Therefore, there is an advantage that it can be shared with the barrel of a Galileo stereo microscope.
[0018]
In such an optical system, since the pupil position is adjusted and the reflecting member is used, the lens arrangement position is considerably limited. In order to alleviate this limitation, any one of the lens group 6 and the lens group 8 or both lens groups may be divided into two groups. As a result, the distance from the third reflecting member 5 to the light splitting element 9 and the afocal relay magnification can be adjusted to the optimum values.
[0019]
Furthermore, a lens group 8 may be provided for each of a plurality of observers in the light beam divided by the light dividing element 9. In this case, a plurality of observers can change the magnification and observe, and if the lens group is a zoom lens, the observer can finely adjust the magnification to be easily observed by each observer. FIG. 6 shows an example in which such a configuration is used in the case of two observers and only one observer can observe with changing magnification. In FIG. 6, a lens group 8 for making the first observer's light beam afocal and a first observer's barrel 18 are arranged on the transmission side of the light splitting prism 9. Further, on the reflection side of the light splitting prism 9, lens groups 17a and 17b for making the second observer's luminous flux afocal and a second observer's barrel 19 behind it are arranged. . The lens groups 17a and 17b are moved on the optical axis so as to change the magnification while maintaining the emitted light beam as an afocal light beam.
[0020]
In FIG. 6, only the second observer is allowed to observe while changing the magnification, but the first observer may also observe the magnification. Furthermore, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which a large number of observers can observe while adjusting the magnification.
[0021]
Moreover, when comprised in this way, since the 3rd reflection member 5 leaves | separates from a pupil or an imaging point, an off-axis light beam becomes wide and the outer diameter of the 3rd reflection member 5 tends to become large. In order to prevent the diameter of the reflecting member 5 from becoming large, it is preferable to increase the afocal magnification of the afocal variable magnification system and decrease the afocal magnification of the afocal relay system while keeping the total afocal magnification constant. . In particular, if the magnification of the afocal relay system is made smaller than 1, the diameter of the lens in the vicinity of the third reflecting member 5 can be reduced, so that the entire lens body can be further reduced in size. Further, if the afocal zooming system is a three-group zoom composed of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a convex lens, the zooming system can be shortened and the whole can be made compact.
[0022]
Since the stereomicroscope of the present invention has a large number of reflecting members, a part of the reflecting member is changed to a half mirror to superimpose a photographic device, a television device, an autofocus device, an index projection device, and other images. A pose device can be attached. In particular, since the vicinity of the third reflecting member 5 is away from the observation part, even if each apparatus is installed using the half mirror as described above, the large-scale apparatus does not affect the observation and work. But it can be installed.
[0023]
Next, numerical examples of the afocal variable magnification optical system and the afocal relay optical system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention will be shown.
Numerical example 1
r ₀ = reference plane d ₀ = D ₁ (variable)
r ₁ = 0.6864 d ₁ = 0.06386 n ₁ = 1.60311 ν ₁ = 60.7
r ₂ = −0.51403 d ₂ = 0.04032 n ₂ = 1.85026 ν ₂ = 32.3
r ₃ = -1.17302 d ₃ = D ₂ (variable)
r ₄ = -0.34692 d ₄ = 0.02016 n ₃ = 1.72916 ν ₃ = 54.7
r ₅ = 0.37783 d ₅ = 0.05808
r ₆ = -0.13308 d ₆ = 0.02419 n ₄ = 1.8044 ν ₄ = 39.6
r ₇ = -0.80747 d ₇ = 0.07064 n ₅ = 1.5927 ν ₅ = 35.3
r ₈ = -0.15417 d ₈ = D ₃ (variable)
r ₉ = 0.80541 d ₉ = 0.03226 n ₆ = 1.85026 ν ₆ = 32.3
r ₁₀ = 0.31126 d ₁₀ = 0.07121 n ₇ = 1.497 ν ₇ = 81.6
r ₁₁ = -0.46759 d ₁₁ = 0.01613
r ₁₂ = ∞ d ₁₂ = 0.3629 n ₈ = 1.51633 ν ₈ = 64.1
r ₁₃ = ∞ d ₁₃ = 0.00806
r ₁₄ = 0.3303 d ₁₄ = 0.06186 n ₉ = 1.51633 ν ₉ = 64.1
r ₁₅ = -2.63036 d ₁₅ = 0.04298 n ₁₀ = 1.5213 ν ₁₀ = 52.6
r ₁₆ = 0.84049 d ₁₆ = 1.32998
r ₁₇ = ∞ d ₁₇ = 0.32258 n ₁₁ = 1.51633 ν ₁₁ = 64.1
r ₁₈ = ∞ d ₁₈ = 0.06452
r ₁₉ = -0.14401 d ₁₉ = 0.02595 n ₁₂ = 1.7847 ν ₁₂ = 26.2
r ₂₀ = -0.19417 d ₂₀ = 0.03039
r ₂₁ = ∞ d ₂₁ = 0.32258 n ₁₃ = 1.51633 ν ₁₃ = 64.1
r ₂₂ = ∞ d ₂₂ = 0.04032
r ₂₃ = -14.63582 d ₂₃ = 0.03226 n ₁₄ = 1.79952 ν ₁₄ = 42.2
r ₂₄ = 1.00588 d ₂₄ = 0.05711 n ₁₅ = 1.60311 ν ₁₅ = 60.7
r ₂₅ = -0.40794 d ₂₅ = 0.80645
r ₂₆ = aperture stop AP = 0.80645, AD = 0.8871, A = 0.0968
β _Z 0.375X 0.75X 1.5 X
D ₁ 0.23513 0.04032 0.10274
D ₂ 0.04839 0.34973 0.50041
D ₃ 0.36802 0.26148 0.04839
ENP 0.60706 0.56164 -0.64207
β _r = 0.714 X, fOC = 1.3548, IH = 0.040323
[0024]
Numerical example 2
r ₀ = reference plane d ₀ = 0.050847
r ₁ = 0.4925442 d ₁ = 0.0834281 n ₁ = 1.48749 ν ₁ = 70.2
r ₂ = −0.474812 d ₂ = 0.0423728 n ₂ = 1.6765 ν ₂ = 37.5
r ₃ = -1.182482 d ₃ = D ₁ (variable)
r ₄ = -0.523820 d ₄ = 0.0211864 n ₃ = 1.834 ν ₃ = 37.2
r ₅ = 0.2682305 d ₅ = 0.0607603
r ₆ = -0.138451 d ₆ = 0.0254237 n ₄ = 1.7552 ν ₄ = 27.5
r ₇ = 0.3546701 d ₇ = 0.0874550 n ₅ = 1.80518 ν ₅ = 25.4
r ₈ = -0.219867 d ₈ = D ₂ (variable)
r ₉ = 1.3224827 d ₉ = 0.0338983 n ₆ = 1.85026 ν ₆ = 32.3
r ₁₀ = 0.6696354 d ₁₀ = 0.0595425 n ₇ = 1.48749 ν ₇ = 70.2
r ₁₁ = -0.529872 d ₁₁ = D ₃ (variable)
r ₁₂ = ∞ d ₁₂ = 0.3813559 n ₈ = 1.51633 ν ₈ = 64.1
r ₁₃ = ∞ d ₁₃ = 0.0084745
r ₁₄ = 0.8065133 d ₁₄ = 0.0738292 n ₉ = 1.60311 ν ₉ = 60.7
r ₁₅ = −0.539466 d ₁₅ = 0.0254237 n ₁₀ = 1.7847 ν ₁₀ = 26.2
r ₁₆ = -1.552770 d ₁₆ = 1.5723571
r ₁₇ = ∞ d ₁₇ = 0.2203389 n ₁₁ = 1.51633 ν ₁₁ = 64.1
r ₁₈ = ∞ d ₁₈ = 0.0664603
r ₁₉ = -0.328386 d ₁₉ = 0.0256057 n ₁₂ = 1.85026 ν ₁₂ = 32.3
r ₂₀ = 0.3641288 d ₂₀ = 0.0458154 n ₁₃ = 1.71717 ν ₁₃ = 29.5
r ₂₁ = -0.415556 d ₂₁ = 0.0951693
r ₂₂ = ∞ d ₂₂ = 0.3389830 n ₁₄ = 1.51633 ν ₁₄ = 64.1
r ₂₃ = ∞ d ₂₃ = 0.0254237
r ₂₄ = 24.324563 d ₂₄ = 0.0338983 n ₁₅ = 1.6445 ν ₁₅ = 40.8
r ₂₅ = 0.5318231 d ₂₅ = 0.0677966 n ₁₆ = 1.60311 ν ₁₆ = 60.7
r ₂₆ = -0.525972 d ₂₆ = 1.01695
r ₂₇ = aperture stop AP = 1.0169491, AD = 0.09322, A = 0.10169
β _Z 0.375X 0.75X 1.5 X
D ₁ 0.05128 0.33268 0.47337
D ₂ 0.35445 0.25324 0.05847
D ₃ 0.23104 0.05085 0.11256
ENP 0.18528 0.48537 -0.78405
_{β r = 0.714 X, fOC =} 1.4237, IH = 0.042373
[0025]
Numerical example 3
r ₀ = reference plane d ₀ = 0.050847
r ₁ = 18.627873 d ₁ = 0.0247486 n ₁ = 1.741 ν ₁ = 52.7
r ₂ = -4.252746 d ₂ = 0.0042372
r ₃ = 0.9474827 d ₃ = 0.0681677 n ₂ = 1.72916 ν ₂ = 54.7
r ₄ = -1.180707 d ₄ = 0.0423728 n ₃ = 1.80518 ν ₃ = 25.4
r ₅ = -5.860852 d ₅ = D ₁ (variable)
r ₆ = -0.396629 d ₆ = 0.0211864 n ₄ = 1.85026 ν ₄ = 32.3
r ₇ = 0.3824245 d ₇ = 0.0487516
r ₈ = -0.405606 d ₈ = 0.0338983 n ₅ = 1.53996 ν ₅ = 59.5
r ₉ = 0.3183145 d ₉ = 0.0482891 n ₆ = 1.80518 ν ₆ = 25.4
r ₁₀ = 1741.561 d ₁₀ = D ₂ (variable)
r ₁₁ = 1.4346549 d ₁₁ = 0.0381355 n ₇ = 1.834 ν ₇ = 37.2
r ₁₂ = 0.4381331 d ₁₂ = 0.0831096 n ₈ = 1.618 ν ₈ = 63.4
r ₁₃ = -0.440553 d ₁₃ = 0.3411328
r ₁₄ = ∞ d ₁₄ = 0.3813559 n ₉ = 1.51633 ν ₉ = 64.1
r ₁₅ = ∞ d ₁₅ = 0.0084745
r ₁₆ = 0.5284915 d ₁₆ = 0.0957926 n ₁₀ = 1.618 ν ₁₀ = 63.4
r ₁₇ = -0.526626 d ₁₇ = 0.0482751 n ₁₁ = 1.834 ν ₁₁ = 37.2
r ₁₈ = -5.096974 d ₁₈ = 1.4915253
r ₁₉ = ∞ d ₁₉ = 0.2203389 n ₁₂ = 1.51633 ν ₁₂ = 64.1
r ₂₀ = ∞ d ₂₀ = 0.0186949
r ₂₁ = -3.573787 d ₂₁ = 0.0961652 n ₁₃ = 1.834 ν ₁₃ = 37.2
r ₂₂ = -0.543674 d ₂₂ = 0.0338983 n ₁₄ = 1.56732 ν ₁₄ = 42.8
r ₂₃ = 0.4358255 d ₂₃ = 0.0334448
r ₂₄ = ∞ d ₂₄ = 0.3559322 n ₁₅ = 1.51633 ν ₁₅ = 64.1
r ₂₅ = ∞ d ₂₅ = 0.0254237
r ₂₆ = 1.0161958 d ₂₆ = 0.0430328 n ₁₆ = 1.7847 ν ₁₆ = 26.2
r ₂₇ = 0.6530680 d ₂₇ = 0.0586621 n ₁₇ = 1.618 ν ₁₇ = 63.4
r ₂₈ = -0.738788 d ₂₈ = 0.92308
r ₂₉ = Aperture stop AP = 1.0169491, AD = 0.09322, A = 0.10169
β _Z 0.45 X 0.9 X 1.8 X
D ₁ 0.0508474 0.3673346 0.5255765
D ₂ 0.2459698 0.1809286 0.0508474
D ₃ 0.3411327 0.0896868 0.0615261
ENP 0.2286542 0.0465839 -1.32839
β _r = 0.794 X, fOC = 1.4237, IH = 0.056483
The above numerical example is a value normalized by the maximum length of the variable magnification system. In the data, r ₁ , r ₂ ,... Are curvature radii of the lens surfaces (reference surface r ₀ is the exit surface of the second reflecting member in the embodiment), d ₁ , d ₂ ,. Thickness and lens spacing, n ₁ , n ₂ ,... Are the refractive indices of the respective lenses, and ν ₁ , ν ₂ ,. AD is the decentering amount of the optical axis of the left and right eyepiece optical system with respect to the optical axis of the variable magnification optical system, A is the diameter of the aperture stop of the eyepiece optical system, and AP is the aperture stop of the eyepiece optical system and the afocal relay optical system. The distance in the optical axis direction from the final surface of the variable magnification optical system including (in the case of including a prism or the like, the air conversion length), IH is the maximum image height from the optical axis of the eyepiece optical system, and HH is the principal point of the second lens group The interval, β _Z is the magnification of the afocal variable magnification optical system, β _r is the magnification of the afocal relay optical system, ENP is the entrance pupil position, and fOC is the focal length of the imaging lens.
[0026]
Numerical example 1 (first example) is as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, and the 13th surface (r ₁₃ ) of FIG. 7 is the afocal variable magnification optical system, and the 25th surface (r ₂₅ ) of FIG. Up to this point is the afocal relay optical system.
[0027]
Glass shown in Matazu 7 blocks (r ₁₂ ~r ₁₃₎ is reflecting member (prism) 5, a glass block (r ₁₇ ~r ₁₈₎ shown in FIG. 8 is reflecting member 7c, glass block (r ₂₁ ~r ₂₂₎ is reflecting a member 7d, the numerical example 1 but reflecting member 7a, 7b is arranged between the surfaces r ₁₆ and the surface r ₁₇ are those provided with a mirror and a reflective member 7a, 7b, data and Figures Not shown in FIG. Aberrations are as shown in FIGS.
[0028]
Numerical example 2 (second example) is as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, and the 13th surface (r ₁₃ ) of FIG. 9 is the afocal variable magnification optical system, and the 26th surface (r ₂₆ ) of FIG. Up to this point is the afocal relay optical system.
[0029]
This numerical example 2 also glass blocks (r ₁₂ ~r ₁₃₎ is a reflecting member 5 in FIG. 9, a glass block (r ₁₇ ~r ₁₈₎ and (r ₂₂ ~r ₂₃₎ is respectively reflecting member 7c in FIG. 10, in 7d There, the reflection member 7a between Matamen r ₁₆ and the surface r _17, although two mirrors corresponding to 7b are arranged not shown in data and FIG. The aberration status of Numerical Example 2 is as shown in FIGS.
[0030]
In Numerical Example 1, but by moving the first group in the variable power optical system (r ₁ ~r ₃₎ and the second group of (r ₄ ~r ₈₎ are subjected to variable magnification, in the numerical example 2, by moving the second group in the variable power optical system (r ₄ ~r ₈₎ and the third group (r ₉ ~r ₁₁₎ is performed zooming. This makes it easier to bring the position of the pupil with the lowest magnification closer to the entrance pupil position with the highest magnification, which is effective for widening the observation field.
[0031]
Numerical example 3 (third example) is as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, up to the fifteenth surface (r ₁₅ ) in FIG. 11, and the 28th surface (r ₂₈ ) in FIG. Up to the afocal relay optical system.
[0032]
Glass block (r ₁₄ ~r ₁₅₎ is reflecting member 5 of this numerical example 3 is also 11, the glass block (r ₁₉ ~r ₂₀₎ in FIG. 12 and is (r ₂₄ ~r ₂₅₎ has a reflective member 7c, 7d , the reflecting member 7a between Matamen r ₁₈ and the surface r _19, although two mirrors corresponding to 7b are arranged not shown in data and 12. The aberration situation of this numerical example is as shown in FIGS.
[0033]
This numerical example is an example in which the magnification, resolution, and stereoscopic effect are increased.
[0034]
In any of these optical systems, if the objective lens is provided near the entrance pupil, the diameter of the objective lens can be reduced.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The stereomicroscope according to the present invention is small and has a low eye point and can be a good optical system by using an afocal relay optical system together with an afocal variable magnification optical system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a lens barrel portion of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing still another configuration of the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of the lens barrel of the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a first example of a variable magnification optical system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a first example of a relay optical system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of a variable magnification optical system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of the relay optical system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of a variable magnification optical system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a relay light used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of the system. FIG. 13 is a transverse aberration diagram of the first example of the optical system including the variable magnification optical system and the relay optical system. FIG. Astigmatism diagram in the left-right direction of the first example of the optical system comprising the system. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing astigmatism in the vertical direction of the first example of the optical system comprising the variable magnification optical system and the relay optical system. FIG. 16 is a transverse aberration diagram of the second example of the optical system composed of the variable magnification optical system and the relay optical system. FIG. 17 shows the second example of the optical system composed of the variable magnification optical system and the relay optical system. Astigmatism diagram in the left-right direction. [FIG. 18] Astigmatism diagram in the vertical direction of the second example of the optical system composed of the above-described variable-power optical system and relay optical system. [FIG. 19] FIG. FIG. 20 is a lateral aberration diagram of the third example of the optical system comprising the optical system. FIG. 20 is a lateral view of the third example of the optical system comprising the variable magnification optical system and the relay optical system. Astigmatism diagram [FIG. 21] Astigmatism diagram in the vertical direction of the third example of the optical system comprising the variable power optical system and the relay optical system. [FIG. 22] A diagram showing the configuration of a conventional stereomicroscope Explanation of]
2 Objective lens 3 Reflecting member 4 Variable magnification optical system 5 Reflecting member 6 Afocal relay lens group 7 Reflecting member 8 Afocal relay lens groups 10L and 10R Left and right aperture stops

Claims (12)

An objective lens, a variable magnification optical system, and a relay optical system are coaxially arranged, and at positions decentered from the optical axis so that a plurality of pupils are set at positions decentered from the optical axis of the variable magnification optical system. A plurality of aperture stops are set, the objective lens has a horizontal optical axis, a first reflecting member for directing a light beam from an object to the objective lens, and a second for directing a horizontal light beam in a vertical direction a reflecting member, and a third reflecting member directing the light beam in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction, has at least a fourth reflecting member directing in the same direction as the light beam the light beam is disposed in the relay optical system from the object, the A stereomicroscope characterized in that a fourth reflecting member is disposed in the vicinity of the first reflecting member and the plurality of pupils are relay-imaged by the relay optical system. In a zoom optical system having a left and right optical path for stereoscopic observation, the zoom optical system includes an afocal variable magnification optical system composed of a plurality of members and a subsequent afocal relay optical system, and the object side of the zoom optical system An objective lens having a horizontal optical axis is disposed on the first reflecting member for directing a light beam from an object toward the objective lens , a second reflecting member for directing a horizontal light beam in a vertical direction, a third reflecting member directing the light beam in the horizontal direction, has at least a fourth reflecting member directing in the same direction as the light beam the light beam is located in the afocal relay optical system from the object, the fourth reflecting member Zoo There is disposed in the vicinity of the first reflecting member, the afocal relay optical system, characterized in that for imaging the at least two aperture stop to the afocal zoom optical system Optical system.   The relay optical system has an objective lens, a zoom optical system, and a relay optical system coaxially in order from the object side, and a plurality of pupils are set at positions decentered from the optical axis of the zoom optical system. A plurality of aperture stops are set at positions decentered from the optical axis on the image side, and when the magnification of the zoom optical system is maximum, the image of the aperture stop viewed from the object side of the zoom optical system is the image A stereomicroscope characterized by being formed in the vicinity of an objective lens.   In a zoom optical system having left and right optical paths for stereoscopic observation, the zoom optical system includes an afocal variable magnification optical system composed of a plurality of members in order from the object side, and a subsequent afocal relay optical system for image formation once. An objective lens is disposed on the object side of the zoom optical system, an aperture stop is disposed on the image side of the afocal relay optical system, and the zoom optical system has a maximum magnification when the magnification of the afocal variable power optical system is maximum. A zoom optical system, wherein an image of the aperture stop viewed from the incident side is formed in the vicinity of the objective lens.   4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein an image is not rotated by an optical system closer to the object side than the aperture stop, and right and left light beams are switched after the aperture stop.   4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein an image is rotated by 180 ° in an optical system closer to the object side than the aperture stop, and an erecting optical system is provided on each of the left and right sides after the aperture stop.   4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein a light splitting element for branching into a plurality of light beams is provided in the relay optical system.   4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein a magnification of the relay optical system is larger than one.   5. The zoom optical system according to claim 2, wherein a light splitting element for branching into a plurality of light beams is provided in the afocal relay optical system.   5. The zoom optical system according to claim 2, wherein a magnification of the afocal relay optical system is larger than 1.   2. An entity according to claim 1, further comprising a light splitting element, wherein an intermediate portion of a relay position range of an aperture stop set in each optical path branched by the light splitting element is adjusted in the vicinity of the objective lens. microscope. Further comprising a light dividing element, each of the intermediate range of the relay position of the diaphragm set shedding the light path branched by the optical splitter, and adjusting the vicinity before Symbol pair objective lens according to claim 2 zoom optical system.

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