JP3172977B2 - 車載バッテリの残存容量計 - Google Patents

車載バッテリの残存容量計

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Publication number
JP3172977B2
JP3172977B2 JP12434893A JP12434893A JP3172977B2 JP 3172977 B2 JP3172977 B2 JP 3172977B2 JP 12434893 A JP12434893 A JP 12434893A JP 12434893 A JP12434893 A JP 12434893A JP 3172977 B2 JP3172977 B2 JP 3172977B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
vehicle
battery
remaining capacity
value
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP12434893A
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English (en)
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JPH06331715A (ja
Inventor
一彦 松田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Subaru Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Jukogyo KK
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Jukogyo KK filed Critical Fuji Jukogyo KK
Priority to JP12434893A priority Critical patent/JP3172977B2/ja
Priority to US08/234,111 priority patent/US5404106A/en
Priority to GB9409443A priority patent/GB2278452B/en
Priority to DE4418194A priority patent/DE4418194C2/de
Publication of JPH06331715A publication Critical patent/JPH06331715A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3172977B2 publication Critical patent/JP3172977B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/386—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables using test-loads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、自動車等に搭載された
車載バッテリの残存容量を、極板の劣化状態やバッテリ
の液温の如何に拘らず正確に予測して表示できるように
した車載バッテリの残存容量計に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】車載バッテリの残存容量を知ることは、
適切な時期に車載バッテリのチャージや交換を行って不
慮のエンジン始動不能やエンジンストップを未然に回避
する上で重要である。そこで従来、車載バッテリの残存
容量を計測する種々の手段が提案されており、例えば、
特開昭６３−２６５８７号公報には、車載バッテリの充
放電時における電圧、電流、時間等を計測し、これらの
計測値から車載バッテリの充放電特性マップを参照して
車載バッテリの残存容量を予測するものが提案されてい
る。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、前記公報に
記載の先行技術では、車載バッテリの極板が劣化し、あ
るいはバッテリ液の液温が上昇している場合に、車載バ
ッテリの残存容量が実際より大きな値として予測される
傾向にあり、正確さに欠けるという問題があった。
【０００４】そこで本発明は、極板の劣化状態やバッテ
リ液温の如何に拘らず、車載バッテリの残存容量をより
正確に予測できる車載バッテリの残存容量計を提供する
ことを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、車載バッテリ
の残存容量がバッテリ液の濃度に依存し、バッテリ液の
濃度は車載バッテリの内部抵抗および放電電流値に相関
するという知見に基づいてなされたもので、前記目的を
達成するため本発明は、ジェネレータ及び負荷に回路構
成された車載バッテリの残存容量計であって、上記車載
バッテリの端子間を開放状態から負荷にのみ接続した状
態に切換制御可能なスイッチング回路部と、車載バッテ
リの端子間電圧値，電流センサにより検出される上記負
荷への車載バッテリの放電電流値，温度センサにより検
出される車載バッテリの液温をそれぞれ信号入力する入
力回路部と、この入力回路部に入力された上記端子間電
圧値及び上記放電電流値の各信号に基づき、上記スイッ
チング回路部により車載バッテリの端子間が開放された
状態から負荷にのみ接続した状態に切換わった際の車載
バッテリの端子間電圧の降下量を算出し、この算出値を
上記放電電流値で除算することにより車載バッテリの内
部抵抗値を算出する内部抵抗値演算部と、上記内部抵抗
値演算部で演算された車載バッテリの内部抵抗値及び上
記入力回路部に入力された車載バッテリの負荷への放電
電流値の各信号から車載バッテリの残存容量を推定する
残存容量推定部と、この残存容量推定部による残存容量
推定値を上記入力回路部に入力された車載バッテリの液
温信号に応じて補正する残存容量温度補正部とを有する
コントローラを備えると共に、上記コントローラの残存
容量温度補正部の出力信号に基づき車載バッテリの残存
容量温度補正値を表示する表示器を備えたことを手段と
している。
【０００６】ここで、前記内部抵抗値演算部は、入力回
路部に入力された上記端子間電圧値及び上記放電電流値
の各信号に基づき、スイッチング回路部により車載バッ
テリの端子間が開放された状態から負荷にのみ接続した
状態に切換わった際の車載バッテリの端子間電圧の降下
量を算出し、この算出値に上記負荷の抵抗値を乗算し、
これを負荷にのみ接続した状態の車載バッテリの端子間
電圧値で除算することにより車載バッテリの内部抵抗値
を算出するよう構成したことも手段としている。
【０００７】
【作用】このような手段を採用した本発明による車載バ
ッテリの残存容量計では、ジェネレータ及び負荷に回路
構成された車載バッテリの端子間を、コントローラのス
イッチング回路部が微少時間だけ開放状態から負荷にの
み接続した状態に切換えることで、車載バッテリの残存
容量の計測が開始され、その際の車載バッテリの端子間
電圧値（Ｖ）、放電電流値（Ｉ）、液温（ｔ）が入力回
路部に入力される。すると内部抵抗値演算部が、上記端
子間電圧値（Ｖ）に基づき開放状態の端子間電圧値（Ｖ
Ｈ）から負荷にのみ接続した状態での端子間電圧値（Ｖ
Ｌ）を減算し、得られた電圧降下量（ＶＨ−ＶＬ）を上
記放電電流値（Ｉ）で除算することにより、車載バッテ
リの内部抵抗値（ｒ）を算出する。続いて残存容量推定
部が、算出された内部抵抗値（ｒ）と上記放電電流値
（Ｉ）とに基づき残存容量値データマップメモリを参照
して車載バッテリの残存容量を推定する。そしてこの残
存容量推定値を残存容量温度補正部が上記液温（ｔ）に
応じて補正し、温度補正された車載バッテリの残存容量
温度補正値が表示器に表示される。
【０００８】
【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例を添付の図面を参照
して具体的に説明する。一実施例による車載バッテリの
残存容量計の全体構成を示す図１において、符号１は車
載バッテリであり、これはコントローラ２を介してジェ
ネレータ３及び負荷４に回路構成されている。そして車
載バッテリ１のプラス端子１ａから負荷４に至る回路の
うちコントローラ２に至る回路には、電磁誘導により電
流値を検出する電流センサ５が設置されている。また車
載バッテリ１にはその液温を検出する液温センサ６が設
置されている。
【０００９】コントローラ２は、マイクロコンピュータ
の中央演算装置であるＣＰＵ７を主体に構成されるもの
で、ＣＰＵ７に信号出力する入力回路部８、ＣＰＵ７に
よりドライバであるＰＷＭ（パルスワイドモジュレー
タ）９を介して駆動されるスイッチング回路部１０、Ｃ
ＰＵ７及びＰＷＭ９との間でデータの授受を行うＲＯＭ
１１及びＲＡＭ１２を有している。そしてこのコントロ
ーラ２のＣＰＵ７には、その演算結果を表示する表示器
１３が接続されている。
【００１０】前記コントローラ２の入力回路部８は、前
記電流センサ５からの放電電流値Ｉと、前記液温センサ
６からの液温ｔと、前記車載バッテリ１のプラス端子１
ａからの端子間電圧値Ｖとをアナログ信号として入力す
るもので、これらをデジタル信号に変換してＣＰＵ７に
出力するようになっている。
【００１１】また前記スイッチング回路部１０は、車載
バッテリ１のプラス端子１ａとジェネレータ３のプラス
端子３ａとの間の回路に介設されたスイッチングトラン
ジスタ１０ａ、及び車載バッテリ１のプラス端子１ａと
負荷４との間の回路に介設されたスイッチングトランジ
スタ１０ｂを有している。これらのスイッチングトラン
ジスタ１０ａ，１０ｂは通常オン状態であり、ＣＰＵ７
の指令によりＰＷＭ９を介して微少時間だけ駆動される
ことにより、初めに両スイッチングトランジスタ１０
ａ，１０ｂがオフし、続いてスイッチングトランジスタ
１０ｂのみオンに復帰して車載バッテリ１の端子間を開
放状態から負荷にのみ接続した状態に微少時間切換制御
するようになっており、微少時間の経過後は両スイッチ
ングトランジスタ１０ａ，１０ｂは共にオン状態に復帰
する。
【００１２】ここで図２に示すように、ＣＰＵ７には、
内部抵抗値演算部１４、残存容量推定部１５、残存容量
温度補正部１６が構成され、またＲＯＭ１１には、残存
容量値データマップメモリ１７及び温度補正係数メモリ
１８が格納されている。
【００１３】内部抵抗値演算部１４は、図３に示すよう
に、スイッチング回路部１０の作動時に端子開放状態で
の端子間電圧値ＶＨと、端子が負荷４にのみ接続した状
態での端子間電圧値ＶＬと、その際の負荷４への放電電
流値Ｉとを入力回路部８から入力し、ｒ＝（ＶＨ−Ｖ
Ｌ）／Ｉの式により車載バッテリ１の内部抵抗値ｒを演
算する。
【００１４】一方、残存容量値データマップメモリ１７
には、図４に示すように、車載バッテリ１の内部抵抗値
ｒと負荷への放電電流値Ｉとをパラメータとした２次元
マップとして車載バッテリ１の残存容量値Ｃが記憶され
ている。そして残存容量推定部１５は、内部抵抗値演算
部１４からの内部抵抗値ｒ及び放電電流値Ｉの信号に基
づき、残存容量値データマップメモリ１７の２次元マッ
プを参照して車載バッテリ１の残存容量値Ｃを推定す
る。ここで、放電電流値Ｉが同じでも車載バッテリ１の
極板が劣化してその内部抵抗値ｒが増大すると、車載バ
ッテリ１の残存容量値Ｃは減少するのである。
【００１５】また、温度補正係数メモリ１８には、車載
バッテリ１の液温ｔと残存容量値Ｃとの関係をあらかじ
め実験により求めた温度補正係数Ｋが記憶されている。
そして残存容量温度補正部１６は、入力回路部８からの
液温ｔに基づき温度補正係数メモリ１８を参照して温度
補正係数Ｋを求め、残存容量推定部１５からの残存容量
値Ｃに温度補正係数Ｋを乗じることで、Ｃｔ＝Ｋ・Ｃの
式により車載バッテリ１の残存容量温度補正値Ｃｔを演
算し、これを表示器１３に出力する。
【００１６】次ぎに、以上のように構成された一実施例
の車載バッテリの残存容量計につき、その作動を図５の
フローチャートに従って説明する。まず、ＣＰＵ７の指
令によりＰＷＭ９を介してスイッチング回路部１０を例
えば０．１ミリ秒の微少時間だけ作動させ、図３のよう
に変化する端子間電圧値ＶＨ，ＶＬ及び端子間電圧値Ｖ
Ｌ時の負荷４への放電電流値Ｉを入力回路部８から内部
抵抗値演算部１４へ入力すると共に、その際の車載バッ
テリ１の液温ｔを入力回路部８から残存容量温度補正部
１６に入力する（ステップＳ１）。
【００１７】続いて、内部抵抗値演算部１４により、ｒ
＝（ＶＨ−ＶＬ）／Ｉの式によって車載バッテリ１の内
部抵抗値ｒを演算する（ステップＳ２）。そしてこの内
部抵抗値ｒと放電電流値Ｉに基づき、残存容量値データ
マップメモリ１７を参照して残存容量推定部１５により
残存容量値Ｃを推定する（ステップＳ３）。
【００１８】ステップＳ４では、残存容量温度補正部１
６が入力回路部８からの液温ｔに基づき温度補正係数メ
モリ１８を参照して温度補正係数Ｋを求め、残存容量推
定部１５からの残存容量値Ｃに温度補正係数Ｋを乗じる
ことで、Ｃｔ＝Ｋ・Ｃの式により車載バッテリ１の残存
容量温度補正値Ｃｔを演算する。そして演算された残存
容量温度補正値Ｃｔを表示器１３に出力して表示する
（ステップＳ５）
【００１９】なお、前記実施例における負荷４の抵抗値
Ｒが予めわっている場合には、放電電流値ＩはＶＬ／Ｒ
で表せるから、内部抵抗値演算部１４は、スイッチング
回路部１０の作動時に端子開放状態での端子間電圧値Ｖ
Ｈと、端子が負荷４にのみ接続した状態での端子間電圧
値ＶＬとを入力してｒ＝（ＶＨ−ＶＬ）・（Ｒ／ＶＬ）
の式により車載バッテリ１の内部抵抗値ｒを演算するよ
うにしてもよく、そうすれば電流センサ５を省略するこ
とができる。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】以上説明した通り本発明では、ジェネレ
ータ及び負荷に回路構成された車載バッテリの端子間
を、コントローラのスイッチング回路部が微少時間だけ
開放状態から負荷にのみ接続した状態に切換えること
で、車載バッテリの残存容量の計測が開始され、その際
の車載バッテリの端子間電圧値（Ｖ）、放電電流値
（Ｉ）、液温（ｔ）が入力回路部に入力される。すると
内部抵抗値演算部が、上記端子間電圧値（Ｖ）に基づき
開放状態の端子間電圧値（ＶＨ）から負荷にのみ接続し
た状態での端子間電圧値（ＶＬ）を減算し、得られた電
圧降下量（ＶＨ−ＶＬ）を上記放電電流値（Ｉ）で除算
することにより、車載バッテリの内部抵抗値（ｒ）を算
出する。続いて残存容量推定部が、算出された内部抵抗
値（ｒ）と上記放電電流値（Ｉ）とに基づき残存容量値
データマップメモリを参照して車載バッテリの残存容量
を推定する。そしてこの残存容量推定値を残存容量温度
補正部が上記液温（ｔ）に応じて補正し、温度補正され
た車載バッテリの残存容量温度補正値が表示器に表示さ
れる。
【００２１】このように本発明によれば、車載バッテリ
の極板の劣化に応じて変化する車載バッテリの内部抵抗
と、負荷への放電電流値とに基づいて車載バッテリの残
存容量を推定し、これを車載バッテリの液温に応じて温
度補正した残存容量値を表示できるので、極板の劣化状
態やバッテリ液温の如何に拘らず、車載バッテリの残存
容量をより正確に予測することができる。従って、負荷
を適宜コントロールすることにより車載バッテリの寿命
延長を図り、また車載バッテリのチャージ時期や交換時
期を的確に把握することにより、不慮のエンジン始動不
能やエンジンストップを未然に回避することが可能とな
る。
【００２２】また、本発明におけるコントローラは、ジ
ェネレータ及び負荷に回路構成された車載バッテリの端
子間を微少時間だけ開放状態から負荷にのみ接続した状
態に切換えることで、車載バッテリの残存容量を計測で
きるので、車載バッテリの残存容量を必要に応じて随
時、瞬時に知ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による車載バッテリの残存容量計の一実
施例の全体構成を示す配線図である。
【図２】一実施例におけるコントローラ内の一部のブロ
ック図である。
【図３】一実施例におけるスイッチング回路部の作動時
における車載バッテリの端子間電圧の変化を示す線図で
ある。
【図４】一実施例における残存容量値データマップメモ
リに記憶されたデータマップを示す図である。
【図５】一実施例におけるコントローラの作動を示すフ
ローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
１ 車載バッテリ １ａ プラス端子 ２ コントローラ ３ ジェネレータ ３ａ プラス端子 ４ 負荷 ５ 電流センサ ６ 液温センサ ７ ＣＰＵ ８ 入力回路部 ９ ＰＷＭ １０ スイッチング回路部 １０ａ スイッチングトランジスタ １０ｂ スイッチングトランジスタ １１ ＲＯＭ １２ ＲＡＭ １３ 表示器１３ １４ 内部抵抗値演算部 １５ 残存容量推定部 １６ 残存容量温度補正部 １７ 残存容量値データマップメモリ １８ 温度補正係数メモリ

Claims (2)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 ジェネレータ及び負荷に回路構成された
    車載バッテリの残存容量計であって、 上記車載バッテリの端子間を開放状態から負荷にのみ接
    続した状態に切換制御可能なスイッチング回路部と、車
    載バッテリの端子間電圧値，電流センサにより検出され
    る上記負荷への車載バッテリの放電電流値，温度センサ
    により検出される車載バッテリの液温をそれぞれ信号入
    力する入力回路部と、この入力回路部に入力された上記
    端子間電圧値及び上記放電電流値の各信号に基づき、上
    記スイッチング回路部により車載バッテリの端子間が開
    放された状態から負荷にのみ接続した状態に切換わった
    際の車載バッテリの端子間電圧の降下量を算出し、この
    算出値を上記放電電流値で除算することにより車載バッ
    テリの内部抵抗値を算出する内部抵抗値演算部と、上記
    内部抵抗値演算部で演算された車載バッテリの内部抵抗
    値及び上記入力回路部に入力された車載バッテリの負荷
    への放電電流値の各信号から車載バッテリの残存容量を
    推定する残存容量推定部と、この残存容量推定部による
    残存容量推定値を上記入力回路部に入力された車載バッ
    テリの液温信号に応じて補正する残存容量温度補正部と
    を有するコントローラを備えると共に、 上記コントローラの残存容量温度補正部の出力信号に基
    づき車載バッテリの残存容量温度補正値を表示する表示
    器を備えたことを特徴とする車載バッテリの残存容量
    計。
  2. 【請求項２】 上記内部抵抗値演算部は、入力回路部に
    入力された上記端子間電圧値及び上記放電電流値の各信
    号に基づき、スイッチング回路部により車載バッテリの
    端子間が開放された状態から負荷にのみ接続した状態に
    切換わった際の車載バッテリの端子間電圧の降下量を算
    出し、この算出値に上記負荷の抵抗値を乗算し、これを
    負荷にのみ接続した状態の車載バッテリの端子間電圧値
    で除算することにより車載バッテリの内部抵抗値を算出
    するよう構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の車載
    バッテリの残存容量計。
JP12434893A 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 車載バッテリの残存容量計 Expired - Fee Related JP3172977B2 (ja)

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JP12434893A JP3172977B2 (ja) 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 車載バッテリの残存容量計
US08/234,111 US5404106A (en) 1993-05-26 1994-04-28 Battery capacity estimating system and method
GB9409443A GB2278452B (en) 1993-05-26 1994-05-12 Method and apparatus for estimating battery capacity
DE4418194A DE4418194C2 (de) 1993-05-26 1994-05-25 System und Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Restkapazität einer Batterie

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JP12434893A JP3172977B2 (ja) 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 車載バッテリの残存容量計

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JP3172977B2 true JP3172977B2 (ja) 2001-06-04

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US5404106A (en) 1995-04-04
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GB2278452B (en) 1997-02-05
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