JP3033393B2 - Automatic accompaniment device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic accompaniment apparatus such as a sequencer or an automatic rhythm playing apparatus, and more particularly to an automatic accompaniment apparatus capable of easily reproducing a repetitive pattern during automatic accompaniment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An automatic accompaniment apparatus stores, in a memory, performance data generated, for example, by playing the keyboard of an electronic musical instrument by hand (pressing a key) as performance pattern data.
A desired performance sound is generated by repeatedly playing back the stored performance pattern data of a predetermined number of measures. The conventional automatic accompaniment apparatus repeatedly reads the accompaniment pattern data from the beginning to the end of a bar when repeatedly reproducing the same bar, that is, when performing a loop-shaped read.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, accompaniment
In some performances , one sound is performed over two measures as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the upper staff shows a staff example of chord backing, and the middle staff shows a staff example of a base part corresponding to the upper chord backing part. A case in which one sound extends over two measures, such as the leading sound of an accompaniment such as a middle bass part, is represented by connecting arcs between both notes on a musical score. As is well known, such arcs are tied to connect the same pitch, and sled to connect the unusual pitch.
It is said that . As shown in the middle part of FIG.
The sound that precedes the verse is called anticipation
(Preceding sound). In addition, tie
Or that slurs represent syncopation
There is also .

In a conventional automatic accompaniment device, accompaniment pattern data in bar units from a loop start to a loop end is stored in a memory, and this is loop-read (repeatedly) read from the loop start to the loop end. Therefore, the pattern of the accompaniment performance as shown in the upper and middle sections of FIG. 5 cannot be accurately reproduced. That is, instead of storing the upper and middle musical scores of FIG. 5 entirely, only musical score data in bar units from the loop start to the loop end are stored as accompaniment pattern data, and this is read out in a loop (repeated) manner. I was trying to do it. When such a conventional auto-accompaniment method is followed, the actual chord backing part in the upper row must be played back without any problem because substantial notes exist only within a predetermined bar range from the loop start to the loop end. However, in the conventional automatic accompaniment device, the middle bass part is only stored as the accompaniment pattern data in bars, which are separated by the bar line at the loop start and the bar line at the loop end, as shown in the lower staff. Therefore, there were the following inconveniences. In the method of storing only the loop portion as shown in the lower part of FIG. 5, the anticipation (the first sound in the middle part of FIG. 5) is omitted, so that there is a disadvantage that the anticipation cannot be made at the beginning of the loop. Occurs. Also,
Since the note immediately after the start of the loop is the second note of the tie, the note is not substantially pronounced alone. Because, for the second tone of Thailand,
This is because there is no designated key-on event. Also, suppose that the accompaniment pattern is stored so that the second tone of the tie is pronounced independently, that is, the second tone of the tie
Has a key-on event to instruct the start of sounding in response to
If so, there is a disadvantage that the beat feeling is different from the original score. Therefore, in order to avoid these inconveniences, the conventional automatic accompaniment apparatus cannot read such an accompaniment pattern (an accompaniment pattern in which a bar line at the loop start is tied or slurred) in a loop. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has an automatic accompaniment pattern capable of producing a loop-like sound even when an accompaniment pattern including ties or slurs extending between measures is present. It is intended to provide a device.

[0006]

An automatic accompaniment device according to the present invention is a storage means for storing accompaniment pattern data, wherein the accompaniment pattern data includes bar-based accompaniment pattern data comprising one or more measures. The preceding note and the last note of the accompaniment pattern in the bar are both the same pitch and the same time in the measure.
And the accompaniment pattern in the bar
At the key-off timing corresponding to the first note of the
And a reading means for loop-reading the accompaniment pattern data stored in the storage means, wherein at the time of the first reading of the loop, reading is started from the preceding sound data and the bar unit is read. When reading out the accompaniment pattern data in the second and subsequent loops, control is performed so as to return to the beginning of the accompaniment pattern data in the measure unit and to repeatedly read out the accompaniment pattern data in the measure unit. wherein comprising a tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal based on the accompaniment pattern data, the destination is pronounced in reading initial
The line sound is the accompaniment pattern of the measure in the first reading.
At the key-off timing corresponding to the first note of the
Said bar unit pronounced in the first and subsequent readings
Of the last note of the accompaniment pattern
Corresponding to the first note of the accompaniment pattern
The sound is muted at the key-off timing .

[0007]

The accompaniment pattern data stored in the storage means is composed of accompaniment pattern data in bar units composed of one or more measures, and data of preceding sounds to be generated prior to the accompaniment pattern data in bar units. The preceding note and the final note of the accompaniment pattern in measures are both the same pitch.
And the sound is started at the same timing in the bar,
The key corresponding to the first note of the accompaniment pattern in measures
It consists of data that is muted at the right timing .
That is, the preceding sound and the accompaniment pattern
The last note is played at the same time in the bar
The data structure is for instructing the start of sound.
No indication at the end of the bar
At the key-off timing corresponding to the first note of the
It is configured to be. For example, in the case of the staff example shown in FIG. 5, as shown in the middle, the accompaniment pattern data is stored in the same manner as the original music score including the anticipation.
Is done . The reading means reads the accompaniment pattern data stored in the storage means as a whole in a loop, but the reading method is slightly different between the first and second and subsequent loops. That is, at the time of the first reading of the loop, reading is started from the data of the preceding sound to read the accompaniment pattern data of the bar unit,
At the time of the second and subsequent readings of the loop, control is performed so as to return to the beginning of the measure-based accompaniment pattern data and repeatedly read the measure-based accompaniment pattern data. This
Therefore, the leading sound that is pronounced in the first reading is the first
At the beginning of the accompaniment pattern in measures
Continues to sound until muted at the corresponding key-off timing
It is pronounced across bars. Also, from the first
The accompaniment pattern in the bar unit, which is pronounced in descending reading
The tone of the last note of the
Key-off corresponding to the first note of the accompaniment pattern in measures
Since it continues to sound until the sound is muted at the timing, this is also
It is pronounced across measures. As a result, the loop performance can be started from the preceding sound as per the score, and thereafter, only the portion of the accompaniment pattern data in bar units is repeatedly read, and the final note corresponds to the preceding sound. , You can repeat the same loop performance as repeating the loop performance from the preceding note (final note),
It is an excellent effect that the accompaniment including the anticipation and syncopation in the bar line at the start of the loop can be accurately reproduced as in the score and the loop can be played. That is, even an accompaniment pattern in which notes connected by ties or slurs are present between measures can be produced in a loop.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument incorporating an automatic accompaniment device according to the present invention. In this embodiment, various processes are executed under the control of a microcomputer including a microprocessor unit (CPU) 1, a program memory (ROM) 2, and a working memory (RAM) 3.

The CPU 1 controls the operation of the electronic musical instrument as a whole. A program memory 2, a working memory 3, an automatic accompaniment pattern memory 4, a key press detection circuit 5, a switch detection circuit 6, and a tone generator circuit 7 are connected to the CPU 1 via a data and address bus 13.

The program memory 2 stores a system program of the CPU 1, various parameters relating to musical sounds, various data, and the like, and is constituted by a read-only memory (ROM). Working memory 3
Various kinds of data and flags generated when the CPU 1 executes the program are temporarily stored, and predetermined address areas of a random access memory (RAM) are respectively allocated. The automatic accompaniment pattern memory 4 stores percussion, chord backing based on a certain chord (for example, C major), and performance data of a bass part. FIG. 3 shows this automatic accompaniment pattern memory 4.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of performance data stored in the storage device.

In FIG. 3, performance data includes timing data indicating sounding timing, sounding control data (key-on code data and key-off code data) indicating key-on or key-off, key code data indicating the pitch thereof, and bar lines. This is composed of bar line data and end code data indicating a loop end. One musical tone is specified by three of the timing data, the tone generation control data, and the key code data. The performance data shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to the example of the staff in the middle of FIG. Follow
In FIG. 3, the “key code” stored before the bar line data serving as a loop start is a staff example in the middle of FIG. 5.
First note (8th note "do" = C3 note), that is, preceding
This is data related to sound. Also, in FIG.
Of the note stored next to the bar
“Key code” is the second note in the middle staff example in FIG.
(Half note “do” = C3 note), that is, at the beginning of the bar
This is data on the sound that is separated from the previous sound by a Thai symbol.
You. In this case, this note is after the "tie"
The pronunciation control data corresponding to this “key code” is “key code”.
Off code '' and the corresponding timing
Data is the length of time from the bar line to “key off” (approximately 2
(A length corresponding to a minute note). Also,
The “key code” before the code data is shown in the middle of FIG.
Regarding the final note of the staff (8th note "do" = C3 note)
Data, and this final note corresponds to the preceding sound
It is. With such a storage format, measures
It is possible to express a "Thai" performance that straddles a line. one
On the other hand, in the case of the staff example shown in the upper part of FIG. 5, timing data and rest data are stored at the head of the performance data.

The keyboard 8 has a plurality of keys for selecting the pitch of a musical tone to be produced, has key switches corresponding to each key, and, if necessary, a pressing force detecting device or the like. Touch detection means. The keyboard 8 is divided into a right key area and a left key area by a predetermined key. Normally, the operation of the right key area of the keyboard 6 corresponds to the performance of a melody, and the operation of the left key area corresponds to the performance of a chord. In this embodiment,
The corresponding pitch is controlled by the right key operation and the corresponding chord is detected by the left key operation.
Controls automatic accompaniment. The keyboard 8 is a basic operator for music performance, and it goes without saying that other keyboard operators may be used.

The key press detection circuit 5 includes a key switch circuit provided corresponding to each key of the keyboard 8 for designating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated. The key press detection circuit 5 detects a change from the key release state of the keyboard 8 to the key press state and outputs a key-on event, and detects a change from the key press state to the key release state and outputs a key-off event. At the same time, a key code (note number) indicating the key pitch of each key-on event and key-off event is output. The key press detection circuit 5 also detects a key press operation speed, a key press force, and the like at the time of key press and outputs it as velocity data or after touch data.

The switch detection circuit 6 includes a panel switch 9
And outputs operation data corresponding to the operation status of each operator as event information. Panel switch 9
Includes various controls for selecting, setting, and controlling the start / stop of automatic accompaniment, the style, the tone color, volume, pitch, effect, and the like of a musical tone to be generated.

The tone generator circuit 7 is capable of simultaneously generating musical tone signals on a plurality of channels.
Of the performance data given via the melody 3 to generate a tone signal for the melody based on the melody performance, or to input a chord or bass performance based on the melody performance, and to input a chord or bass sound based on the melody or bass performance. To generate a tone signal.

The tone signal generating method in the tone generator circuit 7 may be of any type. For example, a memory reading method for sequentially reading out musical tone waveform sample value data stored in a waveform memory according to address data that changes in accordance with a pitch of a musical tone to be generated, or a method in which the address data is used as phase angle parameter data at a predetermined frequency A known method such as an FM method for performing a modulation operation to obtain musical tone waveform sample value data, or an AM method for performing a predetermined amplitude modulation operation using the address data as phase angle parameter data to obtain musical sound waveform sample value data. You may employ suitably.

The tone signal generated from the tone generator 7 is generated via a digital-analog converter (DAC) 10 and a sound system 11 (comprising an amplifier and a speaker). The timer 12 generates a tempo clock pulse for counting a time interval and setting a tempo of automatic accompaniment. The frequency of the tempo clock pulse is determined by a tempo switch (not shown) on the panel switch 9. ). The generated tempo clock pulse is given to the CPU 1 as an interrupt command, and the CPU 1 executes various processes of the automatic performance by the interrupt process.

Next, an example of processing of the automatic performance device executed by the microcomputer will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a main routine processed by the microcomputer. This main routine is executed sequentially in the following steps.

Step 51: First, when the power is turned on, the CPU 1 starts processing according to the control program stored in the program memory 2. In this “initial setting” process, various registers and flags in the working memory 3 are initialized. Step 52: Scan the key press detection circuit 5 to determine whether the keyboard 8 has been operated and a key event has occurred.
If there is a key event (YES), the next step 53
To step 5 if no key event (NO)
Jump to 6.

The processes in steps 53 to 55 are performed each time the keyboard 8 is operated and a key event occurs. Step 53: It is determined whether the operated place of the operated keyboard 8 is the right key area or the left key area. If the key area is the left key area (YES), the procedure proceeds to step 54, and if it is the right key area (NO), the procedure proceeds to step 55. . Step 54: Since it is determined that the operation place of the keyboard 8 is in the left key range, a chord by the keyboard operation is detected. Then, the root of the detected chord is stored in the root register RT, and the type of the detected chord is stored in the chord type register TP. Step 55: Since it is determined that the operation place of the keyboard 8 is in the right key range, a sounding or mute process is performed for the key code of the operated keyboard. That is, if the key event is a key-on event, sound generation processing is performed, and if the key event is a key-off event, mute processing is performed.

Step 56: It is determined whether or not there is an ON event of the style selection switch on the panel switch 9. If there is an ON event (YES), the process proceeds to the next step 57; otherwise (NO), the process proceeds to step 58. Jump. Step 57: Store the style number of the performance selected by the style selection switch in the style register STYL. The style here is rock, waltz, bossa nova,
A performance style that follows various rhythms such as march and samba. Step 58: Scan the switch detection circuit 6 to operate the start / stop switch and determine whether an on-event has occurred, and there is an on-event (YES).
In the case of (1), the process proceeds to the next step 59, and in the case of no ON event (NO), the process jumps to step 5F.

Step 59: Performance running state flag RUN
Is inverted. That is, in this embodiment, every time the start / stop switch is operated, the automatic accompaniment starts or stops. Step 5A: It is determined whether or not the performance running state flag RUN is “1”. If “1” (YES), that is, if automatic accompaniment is started, the process proceeds to the next step 5B; otherwise (NO), That is, when the automatic accompaniment is stopped, the process proceeds to step 5E. Step 5B: The pointers of all the parts of the performance style corresponding to the style register STYL are set to the head address of the performance data pattern of each part.

Step 5C: Style register STYL
Are output to the tone generator circuit 7 together with the channel numbers corresponding to the respective tone colors. Step 5D: Reset the timing counter. The timing counter is a counter for measuring the timing of performance. Step 5E: As the result that the performance running state flag RUN is inverted in the previous step processing, it is determined that it is “0”, that is, the automatic accompaniment is stopped. Mute the sound. Step 5F: Various processes such as a process based on the operation of other operators on the panel switch 9 and other volume changing processes are performed.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing timer interrupt processing executed by 96 interrupts per bar. In this process, control of automatic accompaniment is performed. This process is executed sequentially in the following steps. Step 61: It is determined whether or not the performance running state flag RUN is "1". If "1" (YES), the process proceeds to the next step 62, and if not (NO), the process returns. Step 62: Reset the part register PRT to "0". Here, the part register PRT is a register for specifying a performance part of each performance style.
The value of “0” to “4” is stored. Part register PRT
Is the first code backing part if the stored value is "0", the second code backing part if it is "1", the third code backing part if it is "2",
"3" indicates a bass part, and "4" indicates a percussion part.

Step 63: The performance data pointed to by the pointer of the part corresponding to the part register PRT is read. Step 64: It is determined whether or not the performance data read in the previous step 63 is end data. If the performance data is end data (YES), the process proceeds to step 65, otherwise, the process jumps to step 66.

Step 65: Since it is determined that the performance data read out in the previous step 64 is end data, the pointer of the part corresponding to the part register PRT is set to the first bar line of the performance data pattern of the part. Set to address. Step 66: It is determined whether or not the performance data read out in the previous step 63 is bar line data. If the performance data is bar line data (YES), the process proceeds to step 67; otherwise, the process proceeds to step 70. Step 67: It is determined whether or not the value of the timing counter is "96" (measure head timing). If YES, the process proceeds to a step 68, and if NO, the process jumps to a step 80. That is, in this embodiment, since one bar is divided into 96, it is determined whether or not the value of the timing counter is "96" so that the current timing becomes 1
You can recognize whether it is the beginning of a bar.

Step 68: Since it is determined in the preceding step 67 that the timing of the measure head is, the part register PRT
The pointer of the part corresponding to is advanced by one. At this time, the pointer points to the bar line data. In this embodiment, since the bar line data is composed of one data, the pointer is advanced by 1 here. Step 69: The timing counter is reset to “0” in order to set the value of the timing counter to the timing at the beginning of the bar, and the process returns to step 63.

Step 70: It is determined whether or not the value of the timing counter matches the timing of the read performance data. If they match (YES), that is, the read performance data should be reproduced. If it is time to go to the next step 71, otherwise (N
O), that is, if the read performance data is not the timing to be reproduced, the process jumps to step 80. Step 71: Since it is determined in the previous step 70 that the value of the timing counter matches the timing of the read performance data, it is determined here whether or not the performance data is key-on data. (Y
In the case of (ES), the process proceeds to the next step 72; otherwise (NO), the process proceeds to step 77.

Step 72: It is determined whether or not the value of the part register PRT is "4", that is, whether or not the performance part is a percussion part.
The process proceeds to step S7, and in the case of NO, proceeds to step 73. Step 73: Part register PR in previous step 72
The determination that the value of T is not “4” means that the current performance part is the first, second, or third chord backing part or base part. Therefore,
Here, the root code and chord type stored in the root register RT and the chord type register TP indicate the key code of the read performance data indicating the root and the type of the chord currently designated by the player, respectively. And stores it in the key code register KC. Step 74: The key-on signal and the key code data converted and stored in the key code register KC in the previous step 73 are output to the tone generator 7 together with the channel number corresponding to the part corresponding to the part register PRT.

Step 75: The fact that the value of the part register PRT is determined to be "4" in the previous step 72 means that the current performance part is a percussion part. Therefore, in this step, a percussion instrument number indicating the type of percussion instrument is stored in the percussion code register PC. Step 76: The key-on signal and the percussion instrument number stored in the percussion code register PC in the previous step 75 are output to the tone generator 7 together with the channel number corresponding to the part corresponding to the part register PRT.

Step 77: Since it is determined in the previous step 71 that the performance data is not key-on data, in this step it is determined whether or not the performance data is key-off data, and if it is key-off data (YES), step 78 is performed.
Otherwise (NO), jump to step 79. . Step 78: Output the key-off signal to the tone generator 7 together with the channel number corresponding to the part corresponding to the part register PRT. As a result, the tone generator 7 stops the sounding of the corresponding channel number.

Step 79: The pointer of the part corresponding to the part register PRT is advanced to read the next performance data. Step 80: The value of the part register PRT is incremented by "1", and the processing of the next part is performed. Step 81: It is determined whether or not the value of the part register PRT has become "5" by the increment processing of the previous step 80, that is, whether or not processing of all parts has been completed. If YES, the routine returns and repeatedly executes the interrupt processing. If NO, the process returns to step 63, and the same process is repeatedly executed for the next part.

Although the above embodiment has been described with reference to an electronic musical instrument, a sequencer module for performing an automatic accompaniment process and a tone generator module including a key press detection circuit and a tone generator circuit are separately configured, and data between the modules is provided. It is needless to say that the present invention can be similarly applied to a system configured to perform transmission / reception of data according to the well-known MIDI standard.
The data format of the accompaniment pattern is not limited to the embodiment, and may be of a type in which, for example, timing data, key code data, and gate time (sound generation time) data are stored as one set.

In the above-described embodiment, the case of a tie in which sounds having the same pitch are connected to each other by an arc over two measures has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It goes without saying that the present invention can be similarly applied to the case of slurs connected by arcs over bars. In that case, in the storage format as shown in FIG.
The note that is stored next to the starting bar line data
The sound control data is “key-on code”
"Ming" data is the length of time from the bar line to "Key on"
("0" when sound starts at the beginning of a bar)
Become. However, in the case of a slur, it is necessary to further perform processing for playing legato (smooth) between both sounds. In the case of a strings section, it is necessary to perform another interpolation process different from a general slur.

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, the accompaniment pattern data stored in the storage means precedes the accompaniment pattern data in bar units composed of one or more measures and the accompaniment pattern data in bar units. The preceding note and the final note of the accompaniment pattern in the measure are both the same pitch and the same note in the measure.
The sound is started at the timing, and the accompaniment in the measure unit
Erase at key-off timing corresponding to the first note of the pattern
At the time of the first reading of the loop, the reading is started from the preceding sound data to read the accompaniment pattern data of the measure unit, and the second and subsequent reading of the loop is performed. during the preceding tone is the first of the back to the beginning of the accompaniment pattern data measure units controlled to repeatedly read out the accompaniment pattern data of the small section units, it is pronounced in reading initial
The first note of the accompaniment pattern in measures at the time of reading
Until the sound is muted at the key-off timing corresponding to
As it continues, it is pronounced across measures and
The accompaniment pattern in the bar unit, which is pronounced in descending reading
The tone of the last note of the
Key-off corresponding to the first note of the accompaniment pattern in measures
Since it continues to sound until the sound is muted at the timing, this is also
It is pronounced over bars, and thus the loop performance can be started from the preceding sound as in the score. After that, only repeated reading of the accompaniment pattern data in units of measures can be performed and the preceding sound (final note) can be read. The ability to repeat the same loop performance as repeating a loop performance, making it possible to reproduce the accompaniment that contains anticipation and syncopation in the bar line at the start of the loop exactly as the score and play the loop. It has the effect. In other words, even if there are notes connected by ties or slurs between measures, the notes can be pronounced in a loop.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing details of a timer interrupt process executed by 96 interrupts per bar.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a hardware configuration showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument to which the automatic performance device according to the present invention is applied.

3 is a diagram showing a configuration of performance data stored in an automatic performance pattern memory of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a main routine processed by a microcomputer.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a staff notation of a performance pattern in which one sound extends over two measures.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... CPU, 2 ... program memory, 3 ... working memory, 4 ... automatic accompaniment pattern memory, 5 ... key press detection circuit, 6 ... switch detection circuit, ... keyboard, 7 ... tone generator circuit, 8
... keyboard, 9 ... panel switch, 10 ... digital-analog converter, 11 ... sound system, 12 ... timer, 1
3. Data and address bus

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-305695 (JP, A) JP-A-4-242296 (JP, A) JP-A-2-178697 (JP, A) (58) Fields studied (Int .Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 1/36-1/42 G10H 1/00 101-102

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A storage means for storing accompaniment pattern data, wherein said accompaniment pattern data is generated prior to said measure-based accompaniment pattern data consisting of one or more measures. The preceding note and the final note of the accompaniment pattern in the measure are both the same pitch and the same note in the measure.
The sounding starts at the time of the
Silence at key-off timing corresponding to the first note of the turn
And those made of configuration of data, the accompaniment pattern data stored in the storage unit a reading means for looping read, at the time of reading of the first loop, the bars and starts reading from the data of the preceding tone Reading out the accompaniment pattern data in units of measure, and in the second and subsequent readings of the loop, controlling to return to the top of the accompaniment pattern data in measure units and to repeatedly read out the accompaniment pattern data in the measure unit; comprising a tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal based on the accompaniment pattern data, read the first time
The preceding sound pronounced in the first reading
Key corresponding to the first note of the accompaniment pattern in measures
The sound is muted at the off timing, and the
Ease of the final note of the accompaniment pattern in the measure to be pronounced
The accompaniment pattern in the measure is repeatedly read out thereafter.
At the key-off timing corresponding to the first note of the
An automatic accompaniment device characterized by being performed .