JP3030396B2 - Actuator for working tools such as buckets in excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an operating device for tilting a work tool such as a bucket in an excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a power shovel, a bucket portion can be rotated not only in a digging direction but also in other directions, thereby enabling various operations other than scooping earth and sand. Some of them have been developed with the aim of expanding the work and improving the work efficiency.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-19689 discloses that a pivot table for pivotally supporting a bucket is swingably attached to a frame at the tip of an arm of a power shovel so that the bucket can pivot 360 degrees. In addition, there is disclosed an apparatus which is tilt-rotated around an axis substantially orthogonal to the turning center axis.

[0004]

However, in the prior art, the structure for tilting and rotating the bucket is all complicated, and in the above publication, the turning table itself is swingably attached to the frame at the tip of the arm. Thereby, although the structure is simplified by dispersing the swing drive portion and the tilt rotation drive portion of the bucket and eliminating these interferences, a structure in which the frame and the swing table are swingably connected, and The mounting structure of the hydraulic cylinder for swinging the table interposed between the frame and the swivel table was complicated, and the overall structure was still complicated. In addition, since the hydraulic cylinder is used as a drive source, the tilt rotation can be performed only within the range of the stroke, so that the tilt angle is small, and the workability remains unsatisfactory.

Further, since the tilt rotation drive portion is exposed to the outside, foreign matters such as gravel and pebbles scattered during excavation work by the bucket are apt to enter the drive portion, which may cause a malfunction by being bitten. there were.

Further, a mechanism for stopping and holding the bucket at a desired turning angle has conventionally been provided to prevent the bucket from turning unexpectedly even when a rotation force exceeding the holding force of the drive motor is operated. Although proposed, no such consideration has been given to tilt rotation of the bucket.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, has a simple structure for tilting rotation of a working tool such as a bucket, and prevents a failure due to a foreign object or the like being caught. It is an object of the present invention to provide an operating device for a work implement having excellent safety and workability, which can prevent the tilt rotation of the work implement.

[0008]

Means for solving the above problems include an arm-side mounting member attached to the tip of an arm of a working machine such as an excavator, and an arm-side mounting member connected to the arm-side mounting member. A work implement-side rotating member that rotatably supports the work implement, and the work implement-side rotating member with respect to the arm-side mounting member such that the work implement rotates about an axis that intersects a center axis of the work implement. And a tilt rotation means for rotating, wherein the tilt rotation means uses a drive motor fixed to one of the arm-side mounting member and the work implement-side rotation member as a drive source.

In the above construction, the digging direction, the turning direction, and the tilt rotation direction of the working tool are different from each other, whereby the degree of freedom in the direction and moving direction of the working tool is greatly improved, so that the use of the working tool can be expanded and work can be performed. Efficiency can be improved. Moreover, the driving source for tilt rotation is
Since the drive motor is fixed to either the arm-side mounting member or the work implement-side rotating member, there is no need to mount the hydraulic cylinder over the fixed side and the swinging side as in the past, and the structure is simple, and the bucket is simple. Can be increased.

The tilt rotating means has a gear mechanism operated by the drive motor, and the gear mechanism is fixed to one of the arm-side mounting member and the work implement-side rotating member. By forming a tooth-shaped rotary gear and a motor gear fixed to the motor shaft of the drive motor that meshes with the internal teeth of the rotary gear, the tilt rotary drive portion is not exposed to the outside, and excavation work by a working tool is performed. It is possible to prevent the scattered gravel and pebbles from being caught in the rotary drive part.

Further, by providing tilt rotation locking means for locking the work implement-side rotating member at a desired rotational position, even if the work implement is operated with a rotational force exceeding the holding force of the drive motor, the work implement can be rotated. Is prevented from rotating unexpectedly.

Further, the tilt rotation lock means includes a plurality of lock holes provided in one of the arm-side mounting member and the work implement-side rotation member, and a plurality of lock holes provided in the arm-side installation member or the work implement-side rotation member. A lock pin provided on one of the other and capable of engaging and disengaging from the lock hole;
A hydraulic cylinder for operating the lock pin, and a hydraulic circuit for locking operation for driving the hydraulic cylinder is provided in the middle of a hydraulic circuit for the hydraulic drive motor in the tilt rotation means, and a pressure for the drive motor is provided. Prior to the supply of oil, pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder to operate the lock pin in the unlocking direction. In addition, the hydraulic cylinder includes a piston that functions as a lock pin, and a spring that biases the piston in the lock direction.

Thus, when the tilt rotation operation is not performed, the lock pin, that is, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is urged in the locking direction by a spring to be in a locked state. When the drive motor is driven to perform the tilt rotation operation, the drive is performed. Prior to driving the motor, pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder, the piston is disengaged from the lock hole, the lock is automatically released, and then the tilt rotation of the bucket is performed.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view of a bucket operating device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, FIG. 3 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 4 is a front view thereof.

The operating device of this embodiment is an arm-side mounting member mounted on the tip of the arm (1) of the power shovel.
(2), a work implement-side rotating member connected to the arm-side mounting member (2) and supporting the bucket (3) so as to be pivotable.
(4) and the work implement-side rotating member so that the bucket (3) rotates 360 degrees around an axis substantially perpendicular to the pivot center axis thereof.
Tilt rotating means (5) for rotating (4) with respect to the arm-side mounting member (2);
A turning means (6) for turning 360 degrees with respect to (4) is provided. Note that the tilt rotation and turning of the bucket (3) and the rotation of the bucket (3) during excavation work are in different directions from each other, and these rotation centers are set so as to be substantially orthogonal to each other. .

The arm-side mounting member (2) includes an arm
(1) A pair of substantially triangular vertical plates pivotally attached to the tip
(10) and (10), and a mounting plate (11) fixed over one end of the vertical plates (10) and (10), and these vertical plates (10) and (10) and the mounting plate (11). , And reinforcing ribs (12) (12) are fixed at various places.

The vertical plates (10) (10) are provided with mounting bosses (13) (13) at both upper ends thereof, and through the mounting bosses (13) (13). It is to be attached to. An annular rotation support plate (14) is fixed to a surface of the mounting plate (11) opposite to the vertical plates (10) by bolts (15).

The work implement-side rotating member (4) is opposed to a pair of substantially right triangular connecting plates (20) and (20) and a rotating support plate (14) of the arm-side mounting member (2). A disk-shaped rotating plate (21) fixed across the ends of the connecting plates (20) and (20) on the arm-side mounting member (2) side, and a straddling of the lower ends of the connecting plates (20) and (20). It consists of fixed mounting plates (22), and reinforcing ribs (23) are fixed to various places so as to straddle these plates.

On the surface of the rotary plate (21) facing the rotary support plate (14), an annular internal gear rotary gear (24) as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is fixed by bolts (25). The rotary gear (24) is rotatably fitted to the inner periphery of the rotation support plate (14). Rotation support plate (1
The inner peripheral surface of 4) has a two-stage shape as shown in FIG. 6, and the rotary gear (24) is supported via this step so as not to come off.

A pair of tilt-rotating hydraulic drive motors (26) (26) are mounted on the mounting plate (11) of the arm-side mounting member (2) so as to sandwich the vertical plates (10) and (10). The motor shafts (27) and (27) passing through the mounting plate (11) of these drive motors (26) and (26) have rotating gears.
Motor gears (28) meshing with the internal teeth of (24) are fixed.

As a result, when the drive motors (26) and (26) are driven, the rotary gear (24) rotates, and via the rotary plate (21) fixed to the rotary gear (24), the work implement-side rotary member.
(4) rotates, and the bucket (3) rotates in the direction of arrow A in FIG. Therefore, the tilt rotating means (5) is composed of the rotating gear (24) and the motor gear (2) meshing therewith.
8) and (28), and drive motors (26) and (26) for operating the gear mechanism. By adopting the gear mechanism having the internal gear type rotary gear (24), the tilt rotation drive portion is not exposed to the outside, and the entry of gravel, pebbles, and the like splashing during the excavation work of the bucket (3) can be prevented as much as possible. It has become.

On the other hand, in the mounting plate (22) of the work implement-side rotating member (4), like the arm-side mounting member (2), the surface opposite to the connecting plates (20) and (20), that is, the lower surface is provided. An annular rotation support plate (30) is fixed by bolts, and a disk-shaped rotation plate (31) is fixed to the upper surface of the bucket (3) by bolts.
An annular internal gear rotary gear (32) fixed to the rotary plate (31) is rotatably fitted to the inner periphery of the rotary support plate (30). A hydraulic drive motor for turning (33) is provided on the outside of one connecting plate (20) of the mounting plate (22).
A motor gear (not shown) that meshes with the internal teeth of the rotary gear (32) is fixed to a motor shaft that passes through the mounting plate (22) of the drive motor (33). The structure for supporting the rotation gear (32) on the rotation support plate (30) is the same as the above-described tilt rotation structure.

Thus, when the drive motor (33) is driven, the rotary gear (32) rotates, and the bucket (3) of FIG. 1 is moved via the rotary plate (31) fixed to the rotary gear (32). It turns in the direction of arrow B. Therefore, the turning means (6) is composed of a gear mechanism including a rotating gear (32) and a motor gear meshing with the rotating gear (32), and a drive motor (33) for driving the gear mechanism. That is, the turning means (6)
Has substantially the same structure as the above-described tilt rotating means (5), so that a common member can be used between them, and the manufacturing process and the assembling process can be simplified.

In the working device of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, foreign matter such as gravel and pebbles scattered during the excavation work of the bucket (3) does not enter the tilt rotation drive portion and the swing drive portion. And a cover (40) made of resin, rubber or metal. This cover (40)
The lower cover (41) fixed across the lower ends of the vertical plates (10) and (10) of the arm-side mounting member (2), and the connecting plates (20) and (20) of the work implement-side rotating member (4). ) And an upper cover (42) arranged so as to cover the above. The location of the cover (40) is not limited to this, and may be placed anywhere as long as it can cover the driving part without hindering rotation.

Further, this work apparatus has a tilt rotation lock means (50) for locking the work implement side rotation member (4) at a desired rotation position to prevent an unexpected tilt rotation of the bucket (3).
And turning lock means (51) for locking the bucket (3) at a desired turning position to prevent unexpected turning.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, the tilt rotation locking means (50) is provided with a rotating plate of the work implement side rotating member (4).
Numerous lock holes (53) formed at equal intervals along the outer circumference of (21)
(53), and corresponding to the lock holes (53), (53), the bolt (5) is provided at the lower part of the mounting plate (11) of the arm side mounting member (2).
The hydraulic cylinder (55) attached by (4) and the piston (56) functioning as a lock pin that penetrates the mounting plate (11) of the hydraulic cylinder (55) is inserted into the lock hole (5).
By engaging with (3), the work implement-side rotation member (4) is locked at a desired rotation position.

The operation is as follows. When the hydraulic oil is not supplied to the hydraulic cylinder (55), the helical spring (58), which is an urging member interposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (57), is driven by the piston.
(56) is urged in the lock direction to be in the locked state,
When pressure oil is supplied from the oil inlet / outlet (59) formed on the side surface of the hydraulic cylinder body (57), the pressure oil flows into the oil sump chamber,
Hydraulic pressure is applied to the pressure receiving portion of the step portion (60) provided on the side of the piston (56), whereby the piston (56) is
The lock is automatically released by detaching from the lock hole (53) against the urging force of (58).

FIG. 9 shows a drive motor (26) (2) for tilt rotation.
6) and a hydraulic circuit for supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder (55). In the figure, reference numeral (61) denotes an operation valve which is a 6-port 3-position switching valve, and a pump ( The pressure oil from 62) is supplied to the switching valve (63) side. The switching valve (63) is an 8-port 2-position switching valve, and is a drive motor (6) for rotating the upper revolving unit relative to the lower traveling unit on the power shovel body side.
4) The pressure oil is selectively supplied to a body side turning hydraulic circuit (65) for driving the tilting and a tilt rotation hydraulic circuit (66) for driving a tilt rotation drive motor (26). . Accordingly, when the pressurized oil is supplied to the drive motor (64) of the main body and the upper revolving unit is turning, the tilt rotation operation is not performed, and conversely, the pressurized oil is supplied to the drive motor (26) for tilt rotation. When the bucket (3) is tilted and rotated, the turning operation of the main body is not performed.

In the middle of the tilt rotation hydraulic circuit (66), a lock operation hydraulic circuit (67) for driving a lock release hydraulic cylinder (55) is provided, and a tilt rotation drive motor is provided. Before the supply of pressure oil to (26), the hydraulic cylinder (5
In 5), pressure oil is supplied from one of the four oil inlets / outlets (59) to automatically perform the lock release operation. Then, after the lock release operation is completed, the pressure oil that has flowed out from another oil inlet / outlet (59) of the hydraulic cylinder (55) reaches the drive motor (26), whereby the tilt rotation operation is performed. Then, the pressure oil that has exited from the drive motor (26) is returned through the hydraulic cylinder (55) through two more oil ports (59) of the hydraulic cylinder (55). In the figure, (68)
Is a brake valve composed of two relief valves.

In the turning lock means (51), FIG.
As shown in the figure, the mounting plate (2) of the rotating member (4) on the work implement side is inserted into the lock hole (70) of the rotating plate (31) of the bucket (3).
The piston of the hydraulic cylinder (71) attached to 2) is disengaged, and its detailed structure and operation are the same as those of the tilt rotation lock means (50). An unlock operation is performed.

In the drawing, reference numeral (80) denotes a drive motor from the arm-side mounting member (2) to the work implement-side rotating member (4).
A rotary joint (81) attached to the mounting plate (11) of the arm-side mounting member (2) for supplying pressure oil to the (33) and the hydraulic cylinder (71), (81) is an arm-side mounting member (2) Is an oil feed pipe block attached to the mounting plate (11) and connected to the rotary joint (80) by piping.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and it goes without saying that many modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiment within the scope of the present invention.

For example, using the actuator of the present invention, FIG.
0, the main body bucket (90) and the opening / closing bucket (91)
Openable and closable bucket (92)
May be activated. In this case, the rotary joint (9) is attached to the mounting plate (22) of the rotating member (4) on the implement side.
3) is provided, and pressure oil is supplied to a bucket opening / closing hydraulic cylinder (not shown) arranged in the bucket (3).

In this embodiment, a hydraulic drive unit such as a hydraulic drive motor or a hydraulic cylinder is employed as a drive unit for rotation or lock. Instead, an electric system such as an electric motor or a solenoid is employed. A drive unit may be employed. Further, in the gear mechanism, the motor gear is directly meshed with the internal teeth of the rotary gear, but may be meshed via an intermediate gear.

[0035]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the drive source of the tilt rotating means for rotating the work implement-side rotating member with respect to the arm-side attached member is changed to the arm-side attached member or the work implement-side. Since the drive motor is fixed to one of the rotating members, the swivel table is swingably connected to the frame at the tip of the arm as in the conventional case, or the hydraulic cylinder is straddled between the fixed side and the swing side. There is no need to attach, and a very simple structure can be achieved. In addition, the tilt angle is not limited as in the case of using the hydraulic cylinder, and the workability can be improved by increasing the tilt angle.

In addition, the adoption of the gear mechanism having the internal gear type rotating gear does not expose the tilt rotation drive portion including the meshing portion of the gears to the outside, and scatters gravel, pebbles, etc., which are scattered when digging work tools. Entry can be prevented as much as possible, and a highly reliable device with few failures can be provided.

Further, since the tilt rotation lock means is provided, even when the work implement is operated with a rotational force exceeding the holding force of the drive motor, the work implement does not unexpectedly rotate in the tilt, thereby improving safety. An excellent device can be provided.

Further, when the tilt rotation operation is not performed, the locked state is established. When the drive motor is driven to perform the tilt rotation operation, the hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder prior to the driving of the drive motor, that is, the tilt rotation operation. Since the lock is automatically released, there is no need to manually perform the locking and unlocking operations sequentially, and a safe and efficient operation can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bucket operating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the same.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a gear mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a gear mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the actuator when the cover is mounted.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic cylinder.

FIG. 9 is a hydraulic circuit diagram for supplying pressure oil to a drive motor for tilt rotation and a hydraulic cylinder.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view when an openable / closable bucket is attached to the working device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Arm (2) Arm-side mounting member (3) Bucket (4) Work implement-side rotating member (5) Tilt rotating means (24) Rotating gear (26) Drive motor (27) Motor shaft (28) Motor gear (50 ) Tilt rotation lock means (53) Lock hole (55) Hydraulic cylinder (56) Piston (58) Helical spring

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02F 3/40 E02F 3/42

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. An arm-side mounting member attached to an end of an arm of a working machine such as an excavator, and a working-tool-side rotating member connected to the arm-side mounting member and rotatably supporting a working tool such as a bucket. Tilt rotation means for rotating the work implement-side rotating member with respect to the arm-side mounting member so that the work implement rotates around an axis intersecting the center axis of rotation of the work implement. An operating device for a working tool such as a bucket in an excavator, wherein a driving motor fixed to one of the arm-side mounting member and the working tool-side rotating member is used as a drive source. 2. The tilt rotation means includes a gear mechanism operated by the drive motor, wherein the gear mechanism is fixed to one of the arm-side mounting member and the work implement-side rotation member. The operating device for a working tool such as a bucket in an excavator according to claim 1, comprising: a tooth-shaped rotary gear; and a motor gear fixed to a motor shaft of the drive motor meshing with the internal teeth of the rotary gear. 3. The operating device for a work tool such as a bucket in an excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a tilt rotation lock unit for locking the work tool-side rotating member at a desired rotation position. 4. The tilt rotation locking means includes: a plurality of lock holes provided in one of the arm-side mounting member and the work implement-side rotation member; 4. The operating device for a work implement such as a bucket in an excavator according to claim 3, further comprising a lock pin provided on the other side and capable of being disengaged from the lock hole, and a drive unit for operating the lock pin. 5. The tilt rotation lock means includes: a plurality of lock holes provided in one of the arm-side mounting member and the work implement-side rotation member; A lock pin provided on the other side and capable of being disengaged from the lock hole, and a hydraulic cylinder for operating the lock pin, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is provided in the middle of a hydraulic circuit to a hydraulic drive motor in the tilt rotation means. A hydraulic circuit for locking operation for driving the hydraulic motor, and supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder to operate the lock pin in an unlocking direction before supplying hydraulic oil to the drive motor. 3. An operating device of a working tool such as a bucket in the excavator according to 3. 6. The operating device according to claim 5, wherein the hydraulic cylinder includes a piston that functions as a lock pin and a spring that biases the piston in a locking direction.