JP2852347B2 - Waste separation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating waste materials containing various materials which can be reused as resources, according to the materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Household waste contains various reusable materials such as glass, iron, aluminum, and combustible materials. In order to effectively reuse these materials, these materials must be used. It is necessary to separate each type.

Heretofore, in order to reuse resources contained in the waste, so-called fractional collection in which the waste is separated and collected for each material at the stage of collecting the waste has been partially performed. For example,
Empty cans and empty bottles are collected separately from other household wastes, and empty cans are collected separately from steel cans and aluminum cans.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the separation and collection in which the waste is divided into materials, the collected resources can be reused with high efficiency.
However, separate collection presupposes that the individual who produces waste has some interest in resource recycling, and imposes a burden on each individual to separate and dispose of waste. The efficiency of reusing useful resources is not high when viewed as waste as a whole.

[0005] On the other hand, attempts have been made to use a machine to select and recover necessary resources from wastes in which useful resources are mixed. However, this is for the purpose of selecting and extracting target resources, and resources other than target resources are not collected. In other words, this cannot be said to be effective in reusing resources as a whole.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste separation method and apparatus capable of efficiently separating useful resources from waste, particularly household waste.

[0007]

According to the present invention, there is provided a waste sorting method for separating waste into reusable materials. A step of separating heavy and light by specific gravity sorting, a step of separating the separated heavy into cullet, magnetic material and non-magnetic material (excluding cullet), and collecting the separated cullet And a step of crushing the bulk waste, granulating the crushed waste, the separated light, and the magnetic and non-magnetic substances also separated from the separated heavy. A step of separating the granulated material into a heavy substance, a combustible substance, and a residue; a step of separating the separated heavy substance into a magnetic substance and other substances; and removing the magnetic substance. Aluminum And a step of separating the separated residue into a lightweight residue, an ultra-light residue, a heavy residue, and a fine residue, and the heavy residue as a magnetic material. A step of separating the remaining fine-grain weight material into a magnetic substance and the other, a step of collecting the separated aluminum, and a step of collecting the separated aluminum. Recovering the combustible material separated from the heavy material, the combustible material separated from the heavy material, the residue light-weight material, and the residue ultralight material as a combustible material; andthe magnetic material separated from the heavy material and the residue heavy material. A step of collecting the separated magnetic substance; and a step of collecting the residual fine granular material from which the magnetic substance has been removed.

[0008] In the granulating step, reprocessing is performed by including the residual weight material from which the magnetic substance has been removed.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a waste sorting apparatus for separating waste into reusable materials, wherein the waste is classified into heavy and light wastes. Specific gravity sorting means, means for separating heavy stuff separated by the specific gravity sorting means into cullet and the other, means for collecting the separated cullet, and crushing for crushing coarse waste Means, and granulation means for granulating waste crushed by the crushing means, light waste separated by the specific gravity sorting means, and heavy waste cullet removed by the same specific gravity sorting means. Means for separating the granulated material into a heavy material, a combustible material, and a residue; means for separating the heavy material into a magnetic material and other materials; and a device before the magnetic material is removed. Means for separating the heavy material into aluminum and combustible material, means for separating the separated residue into a lightweight residue, an ultralight residue, a heavy residue and a fine residue, and A means for separating the magnetic substance and the other substance, a means for separating the residual fine-grained substance into a magnetic substance and the other substance, a means for collecting the separated aluminum, and the Means for recovering the combustible material separated from the heavy material, the combustible material separated from the heavy material, the light residue residue, and the ultra light residue residue as a combustible material, the magnetic material separated from the heavy material and the residue Means for recovering the magnetic material separated from the heavy material, and means for recovering the residual fine-grain heavy material from which the magnetic material has been removed,
It is characterized by having.

[0010] Further, the granulating means further granulates the residual weight material from which the magnetic substance has been removed.

Preferably, the means for separating into light-weight residue, ultra-lightweight residue, heavy-weight residue, and heavy-weight residue is preferably provided with a plurality of holes, and an inclined sorter that reciprocates in an oscillating manner. A specific gravity difference sorter comprising a plate, a blowing means for blowing air from below the sorting plate upward, and a suction device provided above the sorting plate.

[0012]

[Function] First, waste is separated into heavy and light ones by specific gravity separation, and the separated heavy is further separated into cullet, magnetic material and non-magnetic material (excluding cullet), and cullet is collected. You.

On the other hand, the crushed coarse waste, the separated light material, and the magnetic material and the nonmagnetic material separated from the separated heavy material are also formed so as to be easily processed later. Granulated. Here, the coarse waste is crushed to prevent explosion or the like during granulation.

Next, the granulated product is separated into a heavy material, a combustible material, and a residue, and the separated heavy material is further separated into a magnetic material and other materials. The separated magnetic material is collected.

The heavy material from which the magnetic material has been removed is separated into aluminum and combustible material, and the aluminum is recovered. Further, the combustibles separated from the granulated material and the combustibles separated from the heavy material are also collected.

Further, the separated residue is further separated, and the fine residue, magnetic material, and combustible material are collected, and the remainder is reprocessed.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a continuation of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, waste is carried in by a garbage collection vehicle (waste collection vehicle) 11 from the upper left of the drawing. The waste is first roughly sorted in the rough sorting yard 12. Here, bulky trash mixed in the non-combustible trash, and household appliances having a size of 50 cm or more, other electric wires, linear objects, and the like that cause obstacles are removed. Wastes such as roughly sorted bottles, cans, plastic-based garbage, papers, and socks are put into a receiving hopper 15 of a supply conveyor 14 by a shovel loader 13. In addition, the large-sized dust and the hard-to-treat dust removed here are fed into a large-size dust receiving hopper 37 described later and are crushed.

The waste put in the receiving hopper 15 is carried by the supply conveyor 14 and is supplied to the second supply conveyor 16.
Move to A bag breaker 17 is provided at the entrance of the second supply conveyor 16, and waste is discharged from the garbage bag by the bag breaker 17. The waste is discharged from the bag and passes through a vibrating conveyor 18 following the second supply conveyor 16, where it is vibrated, and is sent to a specific gravity sorter 19 evenly distributed so as to be able to supply a fixed amount.

The specific gravity sorter 19 has a conveyor 20 inclined in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction, and a blower 21 for sending air from a lower side to a higher side. The waste is put on the inclined conveyor 20, and in the process of transporting the conveyor, the waste is about to fall due to the inclination of the conveyor and at the same time, is about to be prevented from falling by the blast. As a result, glass bottles, metals, shoes, set goods, rocks, earth and sand, etc., having a large apparent specific gravity, overcome the blowing resistance and fall from the side of the conveyor onto the cullet conveying conveyor 22, while a plastic film-like one is formed. Items having a small apparent specific gravity, such as items, packs, empty cans, and the like, are prevented from falling by the blowing, are transported to the end of the conveyor, and fall onto the transport conveyor 23 from there.

On the transport path of the cullet transport conveyor 22, a suspended magnetic separator 24 is provided. The magnetic separator 24 has a built-in magnet, and is configured to adsorb and extract a magnetic substance in waste by its magnetic force. The magnetic material such as iron sorted by the magnetic sorter 24 is put on the conveyor 23. Here, the reason why the magnetic material once magnetically separated is put into the conveyor 23 in which other dusts are mixed and mixed again is that a lot of dusts are transported to the conveyor 22, so that the sorting is performed here. This is because other foreign substances are entrapped in the magnetic material thus selected, and the sorting accuracy is not good.

Further, a non-magnetic material removing yard 25 for manually removing non-magnetic materials other than glass (cullet) is provided in the cullet conveyor 22.
The removed non-magnetic materials such as aluminum cans, aluminum pot pots, copper products, metal toys, shoes, and cans containing the contents are also sent to the conveyor 23.

Therefore, only the cullet finally remains on the cullet conveyor 22 and is sent to the second and third cullet conveyors 26 and 27, from which the cullet is sent to the manual sorting conveyor 28. , White by hand in the hand sorting yard 29 provided there,
They are classified into brown, black, and other colors, and are collected in a white cullet collection box 30, a tea cullet collection box 31, a black cullet collection box 32, and another mixed cullet collection box 33, respectively. Each cullet classified by color is appropriately carried out there.

On the other hand, the waste excluding the cullet sent to the conveyor 23 is sent to a granulator 35 via a second conveyor 34, where the subsequent processing is facilitated.
The foreign matter is separated and formed into a granular shape having an appropriate size.

On the other hand, as shown in the upper right of FIG. 1, oversized garbage (oversized garbage) is put into a receiving hopper 37 by a shovel loader 36, and the crushed oversized garbage is put into a crusher 39 by a oversized garbage supply conveyor 38. Crusher 3
Crushed to a certain size by 9. Here, a sealed container such as a gas cylinder is basically processed separately without being charged into the receiving hopper 37, but what has been overlooked and charged into the receiving hopper 37 is crushed by the crusher 39 so that a sealed state is obtained. The gas is released, the gas remaining inside is discharged, and the explosion due to the subsequent compression in the granulator 35 is avoided.

The crushed bulky garbage is transferred to the crushed material conveyor 4
0, which is also sent to the granulator 35 described above.

On the other hand, among the bulky garbage, unsuitable for crushing is stored in a storage hopper 42 via a bulky combustible conveyor 41,
Processed appropriately. A cyclone 43 is connected to the storage hopper 42 so that dirty air inside is sucked through a bag filter 44 to be cleaned and discharged outside.

Next, the granulated waste discharged from the granulator 35 passes through a vibrating conveyor 45, where it is evenly distributed so that a fixed amount of the waste can be supplied by vibration. To the composite sorter 48. The cyclone 43 is also connected to the vibration conveyor 45.

In the composite sorter 48, the conveyor 47
Waste is first crushed by a rotating hammer driven by rotation, and then passed through a rotating sieve while being sent by wind power. In the rotating sieve, an air flow is generated by suction by the suction device, and the waste sent to the sieve is flown by the air flow. In the process, heavy objects such as metals, shoes, and heavy plastics such as solids first fall into the heavy object collecting section 49. Also, sand,
Residues such as earth and sand, glass fragments, and other small pieces of 30 mm or less pass through the mesh of the sieve and fall into the residue collecting unit 50. Further, light combustible materials such as vinyl, paper, sheets, etc., pass through the sieve and fall to the combustible material collection unit 51.

A dust collector 52 is connected to the composite sorter 48 and the granulator 35, and collects dirty air inside, and then cleans and discharges the air outside.

The heavy, combustible and residue separated in this way are sent to a heavy goods conveyor 53, a combustible conveyor 54 and a residue recovery conveyor 55, respectively.

The heavy materials separated by the composite sorting machine 48 are conveyed by a heavy goods transport conveyor 53, and on the way, magnetic materials such as irons are separated by a magnetic sorting machine 56 similar to the one described above. Is sent to the aluminum sorter 57.

The aluminum sorter 57 has a conveyor belt that operates at a high speed below the loading port, and a plurality of permanent belts arranged in the circumferential direction such that the magnetic poles adjacent to the drum on the front side of the conveyor belt are different from each other. It is a magnet drum having a magnet. The waste from the heavy goods conveyor 53 is thrown into the conveyor belt of the aluminum sorter 57, accelerated by the electromagnetic induction of the high-speed rotating magnetic field, and the aluminum can falls from the foremost aluminum collection part 58, and the residue is removed. It falls from the residue recovery part 59 located behind. The aluminum sorter 57 also separates the magnetic material separately, but since the magnetic material has been removed by the magnetic separator 56 in the previous processing step, a small amount is collected here.

The aluminum cans thus separated by the aluminum sorter 57 are put into the aluminum press 60 from the aluminum collecting section 58, where they are pressed and carried out as a pressed product of, for example, about 20 kg and used as valuable resources. Is done.

One of the separated combustibles is supplied to a residue recovery section 59.
Is sent to the combustible material conveyor 54 via the second combustible material conveyor 61.

The combustible materials discharged from the composite sorter 48 and the aluminum sorter 57 are sent from the combustible material conveyor 54 to the combustible material hand-selection conveyor 62, and are manually sent to an incineration unsuitable material removal yard 63 provided there. , Rocks, ceramics, aluminum cans, iron cans that melt into the hearth and become flickers
Unsuitable incineration materials such as other metals are removed, and the unsuitable incineration materials are collected in the collection box 64. The combustibles from which unsuitable incineration has been removed are transported by the combustibles recovery conveyor 65,
It is put into a combustible bunker 66, and is appropriately carried out by a truck 67 from there, and is used as fuel for a thermal power plant.

The magnetic material such as irons separated by the magnetic separator 56 in the middle of the heavy goods conveyor 53 is conveyed by the irons collection conveyor 68 and put into the iron bunker 69, from which it is fed. It is appropriately carried out by a truck 70 and is used as valuable resources.

On the other hand, the non-combustible residue discharged from the composite sorter 48 is conveyed by a residue recovery conveyor 55, and
To the conveyor 71 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the residue conveyed by the conveyor 71 passes through the vibrating conveyor 72, and is vibrated there to be evenly distributed so that a fixed amount can be supplied to the specific gravity difference sorter 73, where it is sent. It is classified into four types.

The specific gravity difference sorter 73 has an inclined sorting plate (punching metal) 74 that reciprocates up and down, left and right, and back and forth, and a large number of holes of an appropriate size are formed in the sorting plate 74. Have been. A screw conveyor 75 for the fine and heavy residue is disposed below the sorting plate 74, and a conveyor 76 for the light and residue residue is provided below and in front of the sorting plate 74.
However, a conveyor for conveyed heavy residue 77 is disposed below and below the sorting plate 74. Further, the air from the blower 78 is blown upward from below the selection plate 74, and the suction port 8 of the suction device 79 is provided above the selection plate 74.
0 is provided.

When the non-combustible residue waste is introduced from the vibrating conveyor 72 onto the sorting plate 74 of the specific gravity difference sorting machine 73, fine residue such as glass and fine granules of Setomono is smaller than the holes formed in the sorting plate 74. The heavy particles pass through the holes of the sorting plate 74, and the screw conveyor 75 for residue fine particles under the lower part thereof passes therethrough.
Fall on.

Also, due to the vibration of the sorting plate 74 and the blowing from the bottom to the top, the light weight residue such as wood chips and plastic is sorted forward, and the heavy residue such as iron and large plastic is sorted rearward according to the specific gravity difference. Each of them is dropped onto the conveyer 76 for the residue lightweight material and the conveyer 77 for the residue heavy material.

Further, the residue ultra-light material such as dust, dust, cassette tape, etc. is blown up by blowing air, sucked into the suction device 79 from the suction port 80, and falls onto the conveyor 81 for the residue ultra-light material. In addition, a bag filter 82 is connected to the suction device 79, and sucks and cleans dirty air in the specific gravity difference sorter 73 to discharge it to the outside.

The weight of the fine residue residue is a screw conveyor 75
The magnetic material such as irons is separated therefrom, and the magnetic material is collected in a residual iron collection box 84, and fine granular incombustible residues such as glass, setomono, etc. other than the magnetic material are collected as a residue. Collected in box 85. The residue collected in the non-combustible residue collection box 85 is appropriately hardened, for example, and reused as construction materials such as a sidewalk separation block.

The light-weight residue and the very light-weight residue conveyed by the conveyer 76 for the light-weight residue and the conveyor 81 for the very light weight residue move to the common conveyor 86, respectively, and they are both combustible as shown in FIG. The combustibles are sent to the goods bunker 66 and processed in the same manner as the combustibles on the combustibles recovery conveyor 65 described above.

On the other hand, a suspended magnetic separator 87 similar to that described above is disposed above the conveyer 77 for heavy residue, and the heavy waste or the magnetic material (mainly iron) is conveyed by the conveyer 77. ) Is separated, transported by an irons conveyor 88, sent to an irons bunker 69 shown in FIG. 1, and processed in the same manner as the irons on the irons recovery conveyor 68 described above.

The waste on the conveyer 77 for the heavy residue that has passed through the magnetic separator 87 is transferred to a reprocessing conveyor 89, put into a reprocessing bunker 90 shown in FIG. Then, the mixture is again put into the granulator 35 and re-sorted.

As described above, according to the present separation method and apparatus, waste including bulky waste can be separated into cullet, irons (magnetic substances), aluminum, combustibles, unsuitable for incineration, and residues. Further, the residue can be separated into fine residue weight materials such as irons, combustibles, and glass fine powder, and the separated resources can be easily and effectively reused.

[0048]

As described above in detail with reference to one embodiment, according to the present invention, waste including bulky waste is separated into cullet, magnetic material, aluminum, combustible material, and residue. Residues can be separated into fine particles, such as irons, combustibles, and fine glass powder, so that useful resources can be separated from waste, especially household waste, with high efficiency. Can be used effectively.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration continued from FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 17 Bag breaking machine 19 Specific gravity sorting machine 24, 56, 83, 87 Magnetic sorting machine 25 Non-magnetic material removal yard 29 Hand sorting yard 30, 31, 32, 33 Cullet collection box 35 Granulator 39 Crusher 48 Composite sorter 55 Residue recovery conveyor 57 Aluminum sorting machine 60 Aluminum press machine 63 Unsuitable incineration removal yard 64 Unsuitable incineration collection box 65 Combustibles collection conveyor 66 Combustibles bunker 68 Irons collection conveyor 69 Irons bunker 73 Specific gravity sorter 74 Sorting plate 78 Blower 79 Suction device 84 Iron recovery box 85 Non-combustible residue recovery box 90 Reprocessing bunker

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B09B 5/00 B07B 4/08 B07B 9/00 B07B 13/08

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A waste separation method for separating waste into reusable materials, wherein the waste is separated into heavy and light ones by specific gravity sorting, and the separated heavy one is cullet. A step of separating the separated cullet; a step of collecting the separated cullet; a step of crushing the coarse waste; and a step of separating the crushed waste from the crushed waste. Light and
Similarly, a step of granulating the magnetic substance and the non-magnetic substance separated from the separated heavy substance, a step of separating the granulated substance into a heavy substance, a combustible substance, and a residue; and A step of separating a heavy object into a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance; a step of separating the heavy substance from which the magnetic substance has been removed into aluminum and a combustible substance; and a step of separating the separated residue into a lightweight residue and a residue. A step of separating an ultra-lightweight substance, a residue weight substance, and a residue fine particle substance; a step of separating the residue heavy substance into a magnetic substance and another substance; A step of separating the separated aluminum, a step of collecting the separated aluminum, a combustible separated from the granulated and a combustible separated from the heavy and the light weight residue, the residue Work to recover ultra-lightweight materials as flammable materials Recovering the magnetic substance separated from the weight substance and the magnetic substance separated from the residue weight substance, and collecting the residual fine particle weight substance from which the magnetic substance has been removed. A waste sorting method characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The waste separation method according to claim 1, wherein the granulating step includes the residue heavy material from which the magnetic substance has been removed. 3. A waste separation apparatus for separating waste into reusable materials, wherein a specific gravity separation means for separating waste into heavy and light ones, and a heavy material separated by the specific gravity separation means. Means for separating the cullet from the cullet, other than the cullet, means for collecting the separated cullet, crushing means for crushing the bulk waste, waste crushed by the crushing means, and specific gravity sorting Granulation means for granulating the light ones separated by the means and the heavy ones which are also separated by the specific gravity selection means and the cullet is removed, and the granulated ones are separated into heavy and combustible materials and residues. Means for separating; a means for separating the heavy object into a magnetic substance and other things; a means for separating the heavy object from which the magnetic substance has been removed into aluminum and a combustible substance; Means for separating the separated residue into a lightweight residue, an ultralight residue, a heavy residue, and a fine residue; and a unit for separating the heavy residue into a magnetic material and other materials. A means for separating the residual fine-grained weight material into a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance; a means for recovering the separated aluminum; a combustible material separated from the granulated material and the separated from the heavy material. Means for recovering the combustible material and the residue lightweight material, the residue ultralight material as a combustible material, and means for recovering the magnetic material separated from the heavy material and the magnetic material separated from the residue heavy material, Means for collecting the weight of the residual fine particles from which the magnetic substances have been removed. 4. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the granulating unit further granulates the residue heavy material from which the magnetic substance has been removed. 5. The means for separating into a lightweight residue, an ultra-light residue, a heavy residue and a fine residue residue comprises a slanted sorting plate having a large number of holes formed therein and reciprocating with vibration. 4. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the sorting apparatus is a specific gravity difference sorter that includes a blowing unit that blows air from below the sorting plate upward, and a suction device provided above the sorting plate.