JP2019513895A - 水電解槽 - Google Patents
水電解槽 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019513895A JP2019513895A JP2018551985A JP2018551985A JP2019513895A JP 2019513895 A JP2019513895 A JP 2019513895A JP 2018551985 A JP2018551985 A JP 2018551985A JP 2018551985 A JP2018551985 A JP 2018551985A JP 2019513895 A JP2019513895 A JP 2019513895A
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- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- water
- vinylbenzyl
- membrane
- anode
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 cyclic amine Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC=1NC(C)=[N+](C)C=1C WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloroprop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1H-indol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[NH2+]C=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNCJRTJOPHONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1(C)NC=NC1(C)C GNCJRTJOPHONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole Chemical compound CC=1N=C(C)N(C)C=1C WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VJJZJBUCDWKPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxyapigenin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VJJZJBUCDWKPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013580 millipore water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2243—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds obtained by introduction of active groups capable of ion-exchange into compounds of the type C08J5/2231
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2287—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/095—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
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- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(a)ある量のアノード触媒を含むアノードと、
(b)ある量のカソード触媒を含むカソードであって、少なくとも1つのカソード反応物流チャネル(cathode reactant flow channel)を介して当該カソードに導入されたカソード反応物を有するカソードと、
(c)アノードとカソードとの間に挟まれたポリマー電解質膜と、
(d)アノードとカソードとの間に電圧を印加する電気エネルギー源と、
を含む。
アノード触媒及びカソード触媒は卑金属触媒を含む。ポリマー電解質膜は、スチレン、ビニルベンジル−Rs及びビニルベンジル−Rxのポリマーを含み、ここで、Rsは正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基であり、Rxは、Cl、OH、及びOH又はClと単純なアミン又は環状アミン以外の化学種との反応生成物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの要素であり、ビニルベンジル−Rx基の総質量は膜の総質量の0.3%を超える。
「ポリマー電解質膜」という用語は、一般的に複数の共有結合した負電荷を帯びた基を有するポリマーを含むカチオン交換膜と、一般的に複数の共有結合した正電荷を帯びた基を有するポリマーを含むアニオン交換膜の両方を指す。典型的なカチオン交換膜としては、デラウェア州ウィルミントン(Wilmington)のE. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company(DuPont)から商品名NAFIONで入手可能なペルフルオロスルホン酸ポリマーなどのプロトン伝導膜が挙げられる。
の配位子が包含される。
の配位子が包含される。
P+(R12R13R14R15)
(式中、R12〜R15は、水素、ハライド、線状アルキル、分岐アルキル、環状アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、ヘテロアルキルアリール、及びそれらのポリマー、例えば本明細書に記載のビニルベンジルコポリマーからそれぞれ独立に選択される。)
の配位子が包含される。
N(R16R17R18)
(式中、R16〜R18は、水素、線状アルキル、分岐アルキル、環状アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール及びヘテロアルキルアリールからそれぞれ独立に選択されるが、ポリマーは選択されない。)
の化学種を指す。
図1は、典型的にはグラファイト又はグラファイト複合材料で形成されたリジッドな流動場プレート34及び36の間に挟まれた膜電極アセンブリ32を含む燃料電池ハードウェアアセンブリ30を示す。膜電極アセンブリ32は、2つの電極、すなわちアノード44とカソード46の間に挟まれたポリマー電解質(イオン交換)膜42からなる。アノード44及びカソード46は、典型的には、例えば炭素繊維紙などの多孔質導電性シート材料から形成され、平坦な主表面を有する。電極44及び46は、電気化学的に活性になるように、膜42との界面でそれらの主表面上に配置された触媒材料の薄層を有する。
この実施例の目的は、2V以下の印加電圧及び80℃以下の温度で1A/cm2のセル単位面積当たりの電流を得ることができる卑金属触媒を有するアルカリ電解槽を実証することである。
(a)ある量のアノード触媒を含むアノードであって、少なくとも1つのアノード反応物流チャネルを介して当該アノードに導入されたアノード反応物を有するアノードと、
(b)ある量のカソード触媒を含むカソードであって、少なくとも1つのカソード反応物流チャネルを介して当該カソードに導入されたカソード反応物を有するカソードと、
(c)アノードとカソードとの間に挟まれたポリマー電解質膜と、
(d)アノードとカソードとの間に電圧を印加する電気エネルギー源と、
を含み、アノード触媒及びカソード触媒が貴金属を含まず、ポリマー電解質膜がスチレン、ビニル−ベンジル−クロリド(VBC)及びビニルベンジル−Rsのポリマーを含み、Rsは正電荷を帯びた環状アミンである。
(a)ある量のアノード触媒を含むアノードと、
(b)ある量のカソード触媒を含むカソードであって、少なくとも1つのカソード反応物流チャネルを介して当該カソードに導入されたカソード反応物を有するカソードと、
(c)アノードとカソードとの間に挟まれたポリマー電解質膜と、
(d)アノードとカソードとの間に電圧を印加する電気エネルギー源と、
を有し、膜が、スチレン、ビニルベンジル−Rs及びビニルベンジル−Rxのターポリマーを含み、ここで、Rsが正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基であり、Rxが、Cl、OH、及びOH又はClと単純なアミン又は環状アミン以外の化学種との反応生成物からなる群から選ばれる、アルカリ水電解槽が、以前に報告されたアルカリ電解槽より優れた電解槽性能を提供できることを示している。
Claims (13)
- 水電解槽であって、
(a)ある量のアノード触媒を含むアノードと、
(b)ある量のカソード触媒を含むカソードであって、少なくとも1つのカソード反応物流チャネルを介して当該カソードに導入されたカソード反応物を有するカソードと、
(c)前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に挟まれたポリマー電解質膜であって、スチレン、ビニルベンジル−Rs及びビニルベンジル−Rxのターポリマーを含み、ここで、Rxは、Cl、OH、及びOH又はClと単純なアミン又は環状アミン以外の化学種との反応生成物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの要素であり、ビニルベンジル−Rx基の総質量は前記ポリマー電解質膜の総質量の少なくとも0.3%である、ポリマー電解質膜と、
(d)アノードとカソードとの間に電圧を印加する電気エネルギー源と、
を含み、
前記ポリマー電解質膜は、スチレン及びビニルベンジル−Rsを含むポリマーを含み、ここで、Rsは正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基である、
水電解槽。 - 前記ポリマー電解質膜中の前記ビニルベンジル−Rs基の総質量が、前記膜の総質量の15%〜90%である、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記ポリマー膜が10〜300マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記ポリマー電解質膜中の前記ビニルベンジル−Rx基の総質量が、前記膜の総質量の0.3%〜25%である、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記ポリマー電解質膜中の前記ビニルベンジル−Rx基の総質量が、前記膜の総質量の1%〜15%である、請求項4に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基がイミダゾリウム又はピリジニウムである、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基がアルキルピリジニウムである、請求項6に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基がテトラメチルイミダゾリウムである、請求項6に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記アノード触媒が卑金属触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記カソード触媒が卑金属触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記アノード触媒が、1又は2種以上の卑金属触媒から実質的になる、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記カソード触媒が、1又は2種以上の卑金属触媒から実質的になる、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
- 前記カソード触媒が水を含む、請求項1に記載の水電解槽。
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