JP2019188196A - 骨再建及び整形外科インプラント - Google Patents
骨再建及び整形外科インプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019188196A JP2019188196A JP2019120204A JP2019120204A JP2019188196A JP 2019188196 A JP2019188196 A JP 2019188196A JP 2019120204 A JP2019120204 A JP 2019120204A JP 2019120204 A JP2019120204 A JP 2019120204A JP 2019188196 A JP2019188196 A JP 2019188196A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2013年10月15日に出願された「CRANIUM AND POSTCRANIAL BONE AND SOFT TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION(頭蓋及び後部頭蓋骨並びに軟組織の再建)」と題される米国仮特許出願第61/891,047号の利益を主張し、この米国仮特許出願の開示内容は、参照することにより本願に組み入れられる。
(関連技術)
(発明の分野)
(発明の序文)
完全生体構造再建
患者固有再建インプラント
大量にカスタマイズできる構成要素を使用するカスタマイズされたインプラントの形成
マスカスタマイズされたインプラントの形成
性別/民族固有の股関節インプラントの形成
最初に、プロセスは、1つ以上の骨が解析される幾つかの実施形態連を含む統計アトラスを含む。股関節インプラントの典型的な状況において、統計アトラスは、骨盤骨及び大腿骨のための骨モデルの幾つかの事例を含む。少なくとも寛骨臼構成要素(すなわち、臼蓋窩)及び大腿骨近位部構成要素(すなわち、大腿骨頭)に関して関節面幾何学的解析が行われる。特に、関節面幾何学的解析は、統計アトラスの所定の個体群からのそれぞれの骨に関するランドマーク、測定値、及び、形状特徴の計算を伴う。また、関節面幾何学的解析は、計算を表す統計値などの定量値を生成することを含む。これらの計算から、計算の分布がプロットされるとともに、計算の分布がその分布に基づいて解析される。例えばボール形状分布においては、個体群の約90パーセント(90%)がグループ化されることを観察でき、それにより、非患者固有インプラント(例えば、マスカスタマイズされたインプラント)を設計できるとともに、この非患者固有インプラントがこのグループ化に適切に適合することができ、したがって、患者固有インプラントと比べて患者のためのコストを低減できる。個体群の残りの10パーセント(10%)においては、患者固有インプラントがより良い手法かもしれない。
動物固有のインプラントの形成
患者固有の切断ガイドの形成
その結果、仮想テンプレーティングモジュールは、患者固有3D臼蓋窩モデルを使用して、患者の残存する骨に対する寛骨臼カップインプラントのサイズ及び位置を計算し、したがって、患者の残存する骨盤がどの程度保持されるようになっているのかに関する情報及び所望のインプラント方向に関する情報を冶具生成モジュールに与える。この骨保持データに従い、冶具生成モジュールは、骨保持データを利用して、1つ以上の骨切断/リーミングを割り当て、計画されたように寛骨臼インプラントを受け入れるために必要な残存骨まで患者の現在の骨盤を減少させる。意図される骨切断を使用して、冶具生成モジュールは、1つの方向のみによって患者の骨盤の2つの部分と結合するように構成される形状を有する切断ガイド/冶具の仮想3Dモデルを生成する。言い換えると、切断冶具の3Dモデルは、有形のリーミングガイドが患者の生体構造と正確に適合するように患者の骨盤の解剖学的表面の「ネガ」として形成される。この方法では、リーミング冶具の位置決めと関連付けられる任意の当て推量が排除される。冶具生成モジュールがリーミング冶具の仮想3Dモデルを生成した後、モジュールは、急速プロトタイピングマシン、CNCマシン、又は、有形のリーミング冶具を製造するための同様の装置のために必要なマシンコードを出力する。一例として、臼蓋窩をリーマー加工するための典型的な寛骨臼構成要素冶具は4ピース構造を備え、この場合、第1のピースは、天然の臼蓋窩内に受けられるとともに、第1のピースを留置ガイドとして使用して第2のピースが骨盤に固定されるまで第2のピースに一時的に取り付くように構成される。第2のピースが骨盤に締結された後、第1のピースが除去されてもよい。また、第3のピースは、リーマーが第3のピースに対して長手方向に横切っていくことができるようにするために第2のピースと一意的に接続する円筒状の或いは部分的に円筒状の構成要素を含むが、その方向は、第1のピースと第3のピースとの組み合わせを使用して固定される。リーミングの後、リーマーが除去されるとともに、第3のピースが第1のピースから取り外される。寛骨臼カップインプラントは、第4のピースを使用して、リーマー加工された臼蓋窩に装着される。特に、第4のピースは、単一の方向でのみ第1のピースと係合するように一意的に形成されるが、同時に、寛骨臼カップインプラントの内部の中に受けられるように形成される。インプラントカップが位置された後、第1及び第4のピースの両方が除去される。また、寛骨臼インプラントを着座させるための1つ以上の穴を骨盤にドリルで開けるために更なる冶具が形成されてもよいことも留意すべきであり、この場合、ドリル加工冶具のそれぞれは、ドリル用ビットの方向を検証するために第1のピースに対して連続して装着される。
外傷プレートの形成
外傷プレート留置ガイドの形成
カスタマイズされた切断ガイド及び留置ガイド、プレート
共通している或いは同様の領域が存在しなければ、他の想定し得るドナー骨を解析することによってプロセスを再び開始することができる。一方、共通している或いは同様の曲率を有する1つ以上の領域がドナー骨に存在する場合には、これらの領域が3Dドナー骨モデルで強調される。特に、強調された領域は、仮想3D骨移植片モデルの形状を模倣する。共通している領域が骨移植片を切除するのに適していると判断されれば、ソフトウェアは、骨移植片を仮想3Dモデルとして仮想的に切除して、その骨移植片(ドナー骨に関して固有/特有の輪郭を有する)を患者の異常な生体構造の仮想3Dモデルに適用し、それにより、再建の一環として切除される必要があるかもしれない患者の異常な生体構造の任意の領域及び想定し得る適合を検証する。患者の異常な生体構造の仮想3Dモデルに対する切除された骨の仮想3Dモデルの適用が満足できるとはいえない再建をもたらす状況では、プロセスが骨選択点で再び開始されてもよく或いは骨の異なる領域を切除するように再び開始されてもよい。しかし、患者の異常な生体構造の仮想3Dモデルに対する切除された骨の仮想3Dモデルの適用が適切な適合をもたらせば、システムは、骨移植片の切除と患者の残存する骨に対する骨移植片の装着とを容易にするために冶具設計を進める。
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Claims (20)
- マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントを構成する方法において、
骨の統計アトラス個体群の全体にわたって特徴を特定するステップであって、前記特徴がランドマーク及び形状特徴のうちの少なくとも一方を備える、ステップと、
骨の前記統計アトラス個体群の全体にわたって特定された特徴を使用してインプラント設計に関連する記述子を生成するステップと、
前記記述子の少なくとも一部を同様の記述子を有するグループへと分類するステップと、
前記グループからパラメータを抽出するために前記グループをパラメータ化するステップと、
マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントのための電子設計ファイルを生成するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 前記電子設計ファイルを使用してマスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントを製造するステップを更に備える請求項1に記載の方法。
- 特徴を特定する前記ステップは、計算論理に組み込まれる位置パラメータを使用して骨の統計アトラス個体群の全体にわたってランドマークを計算するように構成されるソフトウェアプログラムによって自動的に行われる請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 特徴を特定する前記ステップは、計算論理に組み込まれる位置パラメータを使用して骨の統計アトラス個体群の全体にわたって形状特徴を計算するように構成されるソフトウェアプログラムによって自動的に行われる請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記記述子は、骨の前記統計アトラス個体群の全体にわたって計算される数学的記述子を備える請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記記述子の少なくとも一部を同様の記述子を有するグループへと分類する前記ステップは、グループを定めるために統計的解析を使用するステップを含む請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記グループから抽出される記述子は、マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントの形状のための設計パラメータを備える請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記記述子が数学的記述子を備え、
前記グループから記述子を抽出するために前記グループをパラメータ化する前記ステップは、前記数学的記述子を表面記述子へと変換するステップを含む、
請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントのための前記電子設計ファイルは、マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントの仮想三次元モデルを含む請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記グループから記述子を抽出するために前記グループをパラメータ化する前記ステップは、マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントの仮想三次元モデルを生成するステップを含む請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 骨の前記統計アトラス個体群の全体にわたって三次元海綿質骨特徴を抽出するステップとともに、骨の前記統計アトラス個体群内のそれぞれの骨ごとにその骨に固有の抽出された海綿質骨特徴を組み込む三次元骨モデルを生成するステップを更に備える請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 海綿質骨のサイズ及び孔径を決定するために骨の前記統計アトラス個体群内のそれぞれの骨に関して多孔性評価を行うステップを更に備える請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- マスカスタマイズされた整形外科インプラントのための前記電子設計ファイルを生成するために海綿質骨サイズデータ、孔径データ、及び、表面記述子パラメータを組み合わせる応力試験プロセスを行うステップを更に備える請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電子設計ファイルは、コンピュータ支援設計ファイル、コンピュータ数値制御ファイル、及び、急速製造命令ファイルのうちの少なくとも1つを含む請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抽出されたパラメータのうちの少なくとも1つを使用してマスカスタマイズされたインプラント留置ガイドのための電子設計ファイルを生成するステップを更に備える請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マスカスタマイズされたインプラント留置ガイドのための前記電子設計ファイルを使用して前記マスカスタマイズされたインプラント留置ガイドを製造するステップを更に備える請求項15に記載の方法。
- 骨の前記統計アトラス個体群が民族固有である請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 骨の前記統計アトラス個体群が性別固有である請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 骨の前記統計アトラス個体群が少なくとも大腿骨のセグメントを備える請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 骨の前記統計アトラス個体群が少なくとも骨盤骨のセグメントを備える請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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