JP2018509516A - 微細藻類組成物およびその使用 - Google Patents
微細藻類組成物およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018509516A JP2018509516A JP2017550104A JP2017550104A JP2018509516A JP 2018509516 A JP2018509516 A JP 2018509516A JP 2017550104 A JP2017550104 A JP 2017550104A JP 2017550104 A JP2017550104 A JP 2017550104A JP 2018509516 A JP2018509516 A JP 2018509516A
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Classifications
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- C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、35 USC 119(e)に基づく利益を主張し、そのそれぞれの内容全体が参照により本明細書に援用される、2015年3月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/137,784号明細書、2015年5月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/162,553号明細書、および2015年6月12日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/175,014号明細書の優先権を主張する。
「油性」細胞は、乾燥細胞重量で少なくとも20%の脂質を天然に、または組換えまたは古典的な菌株改良によって、産生できる細胞である。「油性微生物(microbe)」または「油性微生物(microorganism)」は、油性である微細藻類をはじめとする単細胞微生物である。油性細胞はまた、その脂質またはその他の内容物の一部または全部が除去された細胞、および生存細胞および死細胞の双方を包含する。「油性微生物バイオマス」は、細胞および/または細胞内内容物、ならびに細胞外物質を含有してもよい。細胞外物質としては、細胞によって分泌される化合物が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
微細藻類細胞は、2014年1月3日に出願された国際公開第2008/151149号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/063031号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/045368号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/063032号パンフレット、国際公開第2011/150411号パンフレット、国際公開第2013/158938号パンフレット、61/923,327号明細書、2014年5月13日に出願されたPCT/US2014/037898号明細書、および米国特許第8,557,249号明細書に記載されるような方法に従って調製され、従属栄養的に培養され得る。微細藻類細胞は、野生型細胞であり得て、または遺伝子操作および/または古典的変異誘発によって改変されて、脂肪酸プロファイルおよび/または脂質生産性、または色などのその他の物理的特性が変更され得る。
微細藻類は、バイオマスを繁殖させるために、液体培地で培養される。微細藻類種は、光の非存在下で、固定炭素および/または固定窒素源を含有する培地で成長させられる。かかる成長は、従属栄養成長として既知である。微細藻類のいくつかの種については、例えば、窒素制限条件下での、10〜15日またはそれ以上の日数等の長期間の従属栄養成長は、細胞内の高脂質含量の蓄積をもたらす。
以上で説明される方法に従って生成される微細藻類培養物は、発酵培地内で微細藻類バイオマスを産出する。工業製品組成物として使用するためのバイオマスを調製するために、バイオマスは、発酵培地から濃縮または収集される。微細藻類バイオマスを発酵培地から収集した時点で、バイオマスは、水性培養培地に懸濁した、主に無処置の細胞を含む。バイオマスを濃縮するために、脱水ステップが実施される。脱水または濃縮は、バイオマスの発酵培養液または他の液体培地からの分離に言及し、したがってそれは固体−液体分離である。したがって、脱水の間、培養培地は、バイオマスから除去されるか(例えば、発酵培養液を、バイオマスを保持するろ過器を通して排水することによって)、またはバイオマスが他の方法で、培養培地から除去される。脱水のための一般的な加工には、遠心分離、ろ過、および機械的圧力の使用が含まれる。これらの加工は、個別でまたはあらゆる組み合わせで使用されることができる。
本明細書で説明される培養方法によって生成される微細藻類バイオマスは、微細藻類油および/またはタンパク質、ならびに微生物によって生成されるか、発酵の間に培養培地からの微生物によって組み込まれる他の成分を含む。
主に無処置、またはホモジネート形態のいずれかで、微細藻類バイオマスを乾燥させることは、さらなる加工を促進するために、または本明細書で説明される方法におけるバイオマス、および本明細書で説明される組成物を使用するために有利である。乾燥させるとは、主に無処置のバイオマスからの自由水分または表面水分/水の除去、または均質化された(例えば、微粒子化によって)バイオマスのスラリーからの表面水の除去に言及する。
藻類フレークは、回転、加熱ドラムの表面に膜として適用される濃縮微細藻類バイオマスから調製される。乾燥させられた固体は次いで、ナイフまたは刃で削り取られ、細かいフレークがもたらされる。米国特許第6,607,900号は、事前の遠心分離(濃縮)ステップなしに、ドラム乾燥機を用いて微細藻類バイオマスを乾燥させることを説明し、かかる加工は、本開示の方法に基づいて使用されてもよい。
本開示の藻類粉末は、空気または噴霧乾燥機を用いて、濃縮微細藻類バイオマスから調製される(例えば、米国特許第6,372,460号を参照のこと)。噴霧乾燥機では、液体懸濁液中の物質は、微細液滴分散で熱風の気流へ噴霧される。混入物質は、迅速に乾燥させられ、乾燥粉末を形成する。ある場合には、パルス燃焼乾燥機もまた、最終的な乾燥させられた物質における粉末状の質感を達成するために使用され得る。他の場合には、乾燥させられた微生物バイオマスのための最適条件を達成するために、噴霧乾燥に続いて流動床乾燥機を使用する組み合わせが使用される(例えば、米国特許第6,255,505号を参照のこと)。代替として、空気乾燥機もまた、藻類粉末の産生に使用され得る。空気乾燥機は、熱風の気流で乾燥させられる物質を引き込むか、または混入する。物質が熱風に混入される間、水分は、迅速に除去される。乾燥させられた物質は、次いで湿った空気から分離され、湿った空気は、次いでさらなる乾燥のために再循環させられる。
本開示の藻類粉は、機械的に溶解させられ、均質化され、ホモジネート噴霧またはフラッシュ乾燥されて(または別の空気乾燥システムを用いて乾燥させられる)濃縮微細藻類バイオマスから調製される。藻類粉の製造には、細胞を溶解して油を放出させるステップと、細胞壁および細胞内成分を平均粒度10μm以下に、微粉化または縮小させるステップとが必要である。乾燥に先だって油が分散体から分離しないように、得られた油、水、および微粉化粒子を乳化する。例えば、圧力破壊器は、細胞を溶解させるために、スラリーを含有する細胞を、制限オリフィス弁にポンプで送り込むために使用され得る。高圧(上限1500バール)が適用され、続いて排出ノズルを通じて即時の拡張が行われる。3つの異なる機構によって、細胞破壊が遂行される:弁上での衝突、オリフィス内での高液体せん断、および細胞の爆砕を引き起こす排出直後の突如の圧力低下。この方法は、細胞内分子を放出させる。細胞を主に長さ0.2〜5ミクロンの粒子に加工するために、Niro(Niro Soavi GEA)ホモジナイザー(またはあらゆる他の高圧ホモジナイザー)が使用される。藻類バイオマスの高圧下での加工(約1000バール)は、一般的に細胞の90%を超える部分を溶解させ、粒度を5ミクロン未満に縮小させる。
藻類油は、溶解バイオマスから分離され得る。油抽出後に残存する藻類バイオマスは、脱脂ミール、脱脂細胞、または脱脂バイオマスと称される。脱脂ミールは、乾燥重量または体積基準で、微細藻類が抽出前に含有したよりも少ない油を含有する。典型的に、脱脂ミールが、例えば、抽出前のバイオマスの含油量の10〜50%を含有するように、50〜90%の油が抽出され得る。
一態様では、微細藻類バイオマスを少なくとも1つの他の金属加工油剤成分と組み合わせて、金属加工油剤組成物を形成する方法が提供される。
場合によっては、微細藻類バイオマスは、さもなければ金属加工油剤製品に慣習的に含まれていたであろう、その他の成分を置き換え得る。少なくとも1つの実施形態では、本発明の方法によって形成される金属油剤組成物は、微細藻類バイオマスによって寄与されてその中に封入される、微細藻類油以外の油を含まない。
微細藻類バイオマスおよび微細藻類油および油誘導体は、本開示の方法において少なくとも1つのその他の金属加工油剤成分と組み合わされて、金属加工油剤組成物を形成する。少なくとも1つの他の金属加工油剤成分は、組成物の意図された使用に関して、微細藻類バイオマスまたは微細藻類油と共に使用するのに適した、従来の金属加工油剤成分から選択され得る。このようなその他の金属加工油剤成分としては、限定されるものではないが、消泡剤、抗菌剤、結合剤、殺生剤、殺菌剤、殺真菌剤、キレート化剤、化学添加剤、pH調整剤、乳化剤、潤滑剤、植物油、石油由来の油、石油誘導体、防蝕剤、極圧添加剤、脱泡剤、アルカリ予備、曇り防止剤、発色剤、付臭剤、界面活性剤、湿潤剤、レオロジー改質剤、染料、およびその他の添加剤が挙げられる。
一態様では、少なくとも1%w/wの微細藻類バイオマスおよび/または微細藻類油および/または微細藻類油誘導体を含んでなる、金属加工組成物が提供される。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、少なくとも2%、少なくとも5%、少なくとも10%、少なくとも15%、少なくとも20%、少なくとも25%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、または少なくとも95%の微細藻類バイオマスおよび/または微細藻類油および/または微細藻類油誘導体を含んでなる。本開示による金属加工油剤組成物の残部は、水、または本明細書で同定されるものをはじめとするその他の従来の成分を含んでなる。
箒またはその他の掃除剤の作動によって、床がきれいに掃除されてもよいように、使用に際して、床掃除用組成物は、掃除操作の前に床の上に散布され、床に堆積した埃、微粒子流体、または他のごみを拾い上げて保持できるようにする。このようにして掃除用組成物上に埃、微粒子、流体またはごみを蓄積させることによって、掃除作業はまた、箒の作動下で埃を立てることなく実施されてもよい。
場合によっては、微細藻類バイオマスは、さもなければ床掃除用製品に慣習的に含まれていたであろう、その他の成分を置き換え得る。少なくとも1つの実施形態では、本開示の方法によって形成される床掃除用組成物は、微細藻類バイオマスによって寄与されその中に封入される、微細藻類油以外の油を含まない。
微細藻類バイオマスおよび微細藻類油は、本開示の方法(methods the present disclosure)において、少なくとも1つの他の床掃除用成分と組み合わされ床掃除用組成物を形成する。少なくとも1つの他の床掃除用成分は、組成物の意図された使用に関して、微細藻類バイオマスまたは微細藻類油と共に使用するのに適した、従来の床掃除用成分から選択され得る。このようなその他の床掃除用成分としては、限定されるものではないが、吸収剤、研磨剤(abrasants)、結合剤、抗菌剤、植物油、石油由来の油、付臭剤、染料、重み付け剤、およびその他の添加剤が挙げられる。
一態様では、少なくとも1%w/wの微細藻類バイオマスおよび/または微細藻類油および/または微細藻類油誘導体を含んでなる、床掃除用組成物が提供される。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、少なくとも2%、少なくとも5%、少なくとも10%、少なくとも15%、少なくとも20%、少なくとも25%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、または少なくとも95%の微細藻類バイオマスおよび/または微細藻類油および/または微細藻類油誘導体を含んでなる。本開示による床掃除用組成物の残部は、水、または本明細書で同定されるものをはじめとするその他の従来の成分を含んでなる。
菌株は、上記および2014年1月3日に出願された国際公開第2008/151149号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/063031号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/045368号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/063032号パンフレット、国際公開第2011/150411号パンフレット、国際公開第2013/158938号パンフレット、61/923,327号明細書、2014年5月13日に出願されたPCT/US2014/037898号明細書、および米国特許第8,557,249号明細書に記載されるように調製し、従属栄養的に培養した。サンプルIAは、クロレラ(オーキセオクロレラ)・プロトテコイデス(Chlorella(auxeochlorella) protothecoides)細胞に由来するトリグリセリド油(UTEX250)を指す。サンプルIB−IGは、示される脂肪酸プロファイルを得るために調製および培養された、プロトセカ・モリホルミス(Prototheca moriformis)(UTEX 1435)起源の様々な株から単離された油である。UTEX 250および1435は、テキサス大学藻類カルチャーコレクション(University of Texas at Austin Culture Collection of Algae)から入手できる。
以下の実施例および表において、藻類バイオマスは、上記および2014年1月3日に出願された国際公開第2008/151149号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/063031号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/045368号パンフレット、国際公開第2010/063032号パンフレット、国際公開第2011/150411号パンフレット、国際公開第2013/158938号パンフレット、61/923,327号明細書、2014年5月13日に出願されたPCT/US2014/037898号明細書、および米国特許第8,557,249号明細書に記載されるように、従属栄養的に培養された微細藻類から調製した。表IIのバイオマスサンプルIIA〜IIEは、示される脂肪酸プロファイルを得るために調製および培養された、プロトセカ・モリホルミス(Prototheca moriformis)(UTEX 1435)起源の様々な株から単離した。脱脂藻類ミールは、上記のように、乾燥藻類バイオマスから調製した。粒度は、Microtracレーザー回折粒度分析器で評価した。
本実施例は、未乾燥細胞の水中分散と同様の、あらかじめ乾燥された微細藻類バイオマスの水中分散を達成するために使用した手順を記載する。粒度は、Microtracレーザー回折粒度分析器で評価した。
本実施例は、微細藻類(micoalgal)バイオマス潤滑剤の配合物、および被膜を形成するための加熱アルミニウム上へのそれらの被覆を記載する。
この実施例は、金属加工油剤に関連する応力下で、微細藻類バイオマスを含んでなる配合物の潤滑特性を黒鉛を含む配合物の潤滑特性と比較する。
乾燥カプセル化油の粉末をASTME1868−10試験法、熱重量測定による乾燥減量の標準試験法に供した。この試験法は、金属加工油剤および直接接触潤滑剤のために開発された。2つの異なる乾燥微細藻類カプセル化油調製物は、7.88g/L(0.788%)および9.16g/L(0.916%)のVOCによって特徴付けられた。
比較試験を開発して、異なる埃および液体標的に対する、様々な床掃除用組成物の性能を評価した。試験装置は5本の平行したレーンからなり、各レーンは2本の6フィート長の中実金属ストリップによって境を接した。ストリップは、およそ5.5インチ間隔で床面に貼り付けた。各レーンは、順番に、付着ゾーン、前進ゾーン、ピックアップゾーン、プッシュスルーゾーン、最終評価ゾーンの5つのゾーンに分けた。
本実施例は、微細藻類バイオマスを含んでなる床掃除用組成物の調製、および従来の市販の床掃除用組成物と対照したそれらの評価を記載する。
本実施例は、微細藻類バイオマス、および微細藻類バイオマスを含んでなる床掃除用組成物の水および油の吸収特性を、従来の床掃除用成分および従来の床掃除用組成物のものと比較する。
本実施例は、金属加工油剤に関連する応力下で、微細藻類バイオマスを含有する配合物の摩擦低減および耐摩耗性を黒鉛または二硫化モリブデンを含む配合物のものと比較する。
本実施例は、金属加工剤油に関連した応力下で、微細藻類バイオマス、微細藻類油、または微細藻類脱脂ミールを含有する油性配合物の摩擦低減および極圧特性を比較する。
本実施例は、金属加工流体に関連する応力下で、微細藻類バイオマスを含有する配合物の摩擦低減および荷重特性を黒鉛を含有するものと比較する。
本実施例は、金属加工油剤に関連した応力下で、微細藻類バイオマスを含有する油性配合物の摩擦低減および極圧特性を、黒鉛または二硫化モリブデンを含有する配合物と比較する。
本実施例は、金属加工油剤に関連する応力下で、微細藻類油を含んでなる塩素化パラフィン非含有配合物の荷重および潤滑特性を記載する。
本実施例は、微細藻類バイオマスを含んでなるグリース配合物の荷重特性および耐摩耗性を記載する。
本実施例は、微細藻類バイオマスを含んでなる金属加工配合物の改善された耐摩耗性を記載する。
追加的な潤滑剤配合物は、下の表XXIIに示される。
Claims (31)
- 少なくとも50%のトリグリセリド油を含有する無傷細胞を含んでなる、油性微生物バイオマスを含んでなる潤滑剤。
- 前記潤滑剤が、スプレーオイル、食品等級潤滑剤、鉄道潤滑剤、ギア潤滑剤、ベアリング潤滑剤、クランクケース潤滑剤、シリンダー潤滑剤、コンプレッサー潤滑剤、タービン潤滑剤、チェーン潤滑剤、オーブンチェーン潤滑剤、ワイヤーロープ潤滑剤、コンベヤー潤滑剤、燃焼エンジン潤滑剤、電気モーター潤滑剤、全損潤滑剤、繊維製品潤滑剤、熱伝導流体、剥離剤、油圧液、金属加工油剤、およびグリースからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記潤滑剤が、抗酸化剤、防蝕剤、金属不活性化剤、結合剤、キレート化剤、金属キレート剤、酸素スカベンジャー、耐摩耗剤、極圧耐性添加剤、抗微生物剤、殺生剤、殺菌剤、殺真菌剤、pH調整剤、乳化剤、潤滑剤性、植物油、石油由来油、高粘度石油炭化水素油、石油誘導体、流動点降下剤、水分スカベンジャー、脱泡剤、曇り防止剤、付臭剤、界面活性剤、湿潤剤、レオロジー改質剤または着色剤の1つまたは複数を含んでなる、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記潤滑剤が金属加工油剤である、請求項1に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記金属加工油剤が、切削潤滑剤、ガンドリル加工潤滑剤、スタンピング潤滑剤、金属形成潤滑剤、およびウェイ潤滑剤である、請求項4に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記潤滑剤が、ナフテン(napthenic)油、パラフィン(paraffinc)油、脂肪酸エステル、高分子量エステル、グリコールエステル、酸化エチレン共重合体、ポリプロピレンオキシド共重合体、天然(naturally occuring)トリグリセリド、黒鉛、黒鉛フッ化物、二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステン、スズ硫化物、窒化ホウ素の1つまたは複数を含んでなる、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油性バイオマスが、少なくとも90%、80%、70%、60%、または50%の無傷細胞を含んでなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記無傷細胞が、少なくとも60%、65%、70%、80%、85%、または90%のトリグリセリド油を含んでなる、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記潤滑剤が、溶解細胞をさらに含んでなる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油性微生物バイオマスが微細藻類から得られる、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記微細藻類が、プロトセカ属(Prototheca)、オーキセノクロレラ属(Auxenochlorella)、クロレラ属(Chlorella)、またはパラクロレラ属(Parachlorella)である、請求項10に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記微細藻類が、プロトセカ・モリホルミス(Prototheca moriformis)種である、請求項11に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記微細藻類が、オーキセオクロレラ・プロトテコイデス(Auxeochlorella protothecoides)種である、請求項12に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、少なくとも75%、80%、または85%のC18:1を有する、脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、85%を超えるC18:1および3%未満の多価不飽和脂肪酸の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.9%、0.8%、0.7%、0.6%、0.5%、0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、0.1%、0.05%、または0.01%未満の多価不飽和脂肪酸を有する脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、15%を超えるC16:0および55%を超える18:1の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、50%、60%、70%、または80%を超える、合わせたC10:0およびC12:0の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、60%を超えるC10:0およびC12:0、および10%を超えるC14:0の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、40%、45%、または50%を超えるC14:0の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、少なくとも70%のSOSおよび4%以下の三飽和の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 前記油が、50%を超えるC18:0および30%を超えるC18:1の脂肪酸プロファイルを有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤を表面に塗布するステップを含んでなる、潤滑特性を表面に施す方法。
- 前記表面が金属である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、金属同士の摩擦を低下させる、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が表面に皮膜を形成する、請求項23〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤中の固体粒子が前記潤滑剤の潤滑性に寄与し、前記固体粒子が100〜500μmの粒度分布d50値を有し、前記d50値が分布の50%における粒度分布の中位径であり、前記粒子の50%が前記d50値を上回り、50%が前記d50値未満である、請求項1〜26のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤または方法。
- 前記d50値が200〜400μmである、請求項27に記載の潤滑剤または方法。
- 前記d50値が300〜400μmである、請求項28に記載の潤滑剤または方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、黒鉛(典型的なd50値は1〜10μm)および/または二硫化モリブデン(MoS2、典型的なd50値は0.9〜30μm)を含有するものなどの従来の固体被膜潤滑剤と比較して、低下した健康上のリスク(例えば、吸入に起因する健康上のリスク)を有する、請求項1〜29のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤または方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、除去困難な残渣を残す黒鉛および/または二硫化モリブデンを含有するものなどの従来の固体被膜潤滑剤と比較して、使用後に、前記潤滑剤が接触する表面(例えば、工作物またはヒト皮膚)からより容易に除去され得る、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑剤または方法。
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US20160281021A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
US20190040334A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
BR112017020483A2 (pt) | 2018-07-03 |
CA2980942A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
CN107667164A (zh) | 2018-02-06 |
US10053646B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
MX2017012103A (es) | 2018-11-12 |
BR112017020483B1 (pt) | 2021-07-06 |
EP3274430A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
DK3274430T3 (da) | 2022-10-03 |
WO2016154490A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
ES2929201T3 (es) | 2022-11-25 |
EP3274430B1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
SG11201707876YA (en) | 2017-10-30 |
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