JP2018093762A - Hydroponics apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide hydroponics apparatus in which fish can freely swim between cultivation beds installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction.SOLUTION: A drain pipe 12 for connecting an upper cultivation bed 11 and a lower cultivation bed 11 is configured so that its upper end portion opens at a position which is a peripheral portion 11b of the upper cultivation bed 11 and which is lower than the water level, its lower end portion opens at a position which is a peripheral portion 11b of the lower cultivation bed 11 and is lower than the water level, and the whole is curved in an arc shape or a spiral shape to allow fish F to pass. The fish F of the cultivation bed 11 in the lower stage enters inside from the lower end portion of the drain pipe 12, goes upstream in the drain pipe 12 having gradually going-up inclination, and travels to the upper cultivation bed 11. The fish F of the cultivation bed 11 in the upper stage enters inside from the upper end portion of the drain pipe 12, goes downstream in the drain pipe 12 along the stream of a water W, and travels to the lower cultivation bed 11.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus capable of raising fish simultaneously with hydroponic cultivation of plants.

As in Patent Document 1, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus is known that is capable of raising fish simultaneously with hydroponic cultivation of plants.
In conventional hydroponic cultivation equipment that can also raise fish, after installing a cultivation bed for hydroponics on each stage of multistage shelves and pumping water from the bottom tank to the top cultivation bed using a pump The water circulation state is created by sequentially flowing water from the upper cultivation bed to the lower cultivation bed through the drain pipe provided in each cultivation bed.

The cultivation bed has a box shape with an upper opening, and a planting panel in which plants are planted is supported on the opening side. Water is stored inside the cultivation bed, and fish are released in the water.
Fish is fed with artificial food and the like to be grown, and plants are grown using nutrients such as fish excrement (such as nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the excrement) and leftovers of artificial food.

  By the way, in the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus that can breed fish, it is not assumed that the fish freely moves back and forth between the upper and lower cultivation beds through the drainage pipe, but rather the fish is moved up and down through the drainage pipe. Means were actively taken to prevent traffic.

  That is, in the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus capable of raising fish, the drain pipe extends straight from the upper cultivation bed to the lower cultivation bed through the bottom of the upper cultivation bed. It was extremely difficult for the fish in the cultivation bed to move up the drainage pipe against the water stream and move to the upper cultivation bed (see FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1).

  Not only that, the upper end of the drain pipe is adjusted to the same height as the water surface of the upper cultivation bed, and the lower end of the drain pipe is adjusted higher than the water surface of the lower cultivation bed. Therefore, the growth space of the fish and the drain pipe are in a state where the edges are cut off, and it is difficult for the fish itself to enter the drain pipe (see FIG. 2).

The reason for adopting such a structure is that if the fish can freely move between the upper and lower cultivation beds through the drainage pipe, it is rare that the fish goes back from the lower cultivation bed to the upper cultivation bed against the water flow. On the contrary, many fish move along the water stream from the upper cultivation bed to the lower cultivation bed, so the density of fish in the lower cultivation bed is expected to increase over time. it is conceivable that.
If fish are excessively dense, it is not preferable for its growth, and there is a possibility that the growth of plants may be affected due to uneven distribution of excrement.

Utility Model Registration No. 3111953

However, in reality, there are not a few fish that have the habit of going up, so a structure that actively prevents movement between cultivation beds is adopted on the assumption that the fish swim without resisting the water flow. That is not always reasonable.
In addition, if the fish can freely move between the cultivation beds, the growth space of each fish is greatly expanded, and it is expected to have a positive effect on growth and reproduction.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to enable a fish to freely move between a plurality of cultivation beds installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction with respect to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus capable of raising fish.

In order to solve the above-described problems, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention, it is installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction, has a bottom portion and a peripheral portion that rises from the bottom portion, and opens upwardly. A drainage pipe that connects the upper cultivation bed and the lower cultivation bed, discharges the water stored in the upper cultivation bed toward the lower cultivation bed, and the lowermost cultivation bed The pump has a supply pipe with a pump that pumps up and supplies the water discharged from the top toward the uppermost cultivation bed.
The drain pipe has an upper end connected to a peripheral portion of the upper cultivation bed and lower than the predetermined water level, and a lower end thereof is a peripheral portion of the lower cultivation bed and the predetermined portion. It is connected to a position lower than the water level, and the whole is curved in an arc shape or a spiral shape or is bent in a zigzag shape so as to allow passage of fish.

When the hydroponic cultivation apparatus is configured as described above, the fish that inhabits the water in the lower cultivation bed enters the lower end of the drainage pipe that opens at a position lower than the water level of the cultivation bed, and the drainage pipe is gently inclined. It becomes easy to move up to the upper end of the drain pipe and move to the upper cultivation bed.
In addition, fish that inhabit the water of the upper cultivation bed enters the upper end of the drain pipe that opens at a position lower than the water level of the cultivation bed, descends the drain pipe according to the water flow and reaches the lower end of the drain pipe, You can move to the lower cultivation bed.
In this way, the fish can freely go back and forth between the upper cultivation bed and the lower cultivation bed through the drain pipe.

  In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, when the inclination angle of the drain pipe with respect to the horizontal plane is configured to be 80 degrees or less at an arbitrary position, the inclination is gentle, so that the fish in the lower cultivation bed is grown in the upper stage It is easier to go up to the bed.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention, it is preferable that a hidden groove into which fish can enter is provided at the bottom of the cultivation bed.
If it does in this way, the growth environment can be made suitable for fish, such as loach, which has the habit of hiding in the soil at the bottom of the water. Moreover, it will promote the egg-laying in such a hidden groove, and a reproduction rate can be raised.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention, it is preferable that the apparatus further comprises a corrugated or porous artificial reef that is installed in a position lower than the predetermined water level inside the cultivation bed and into which fish can enter. .
If it does in this way, the growth environment can be made suitable for fish, such as loach, which has the habit of hiding in the soil. Moreover, it will promote the egg-laying in such a fish reef and can raise a reproduction rate.
In addition, the fish reef with many voids becomes a hotbed for nitrate bacteria that decomposes ammonia contained in the excrement, so that the water quality can be improved and no additional equipment such as a filtration tank or a biofilter is required.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention, it extends linearly from the upper cultivation bed to the lower cultivation bed, and the upper end thereof is located at the same height as the predetermined water level inside the upper cultivation bed, and the lower end thereof. It is preferable that the section further includes an auxiliary drain pipe positioned higher than the predetermined water level inside the lower cultivation bed.
In this way, if the water level in the upper cultivation bed exceeds the predetermined water level, the water enters the inside from the upper end of the auxiliary drainage pipe and flows down toward the lower cultivation bed. Without exceeding the water level, it is possible to prevent the water level from rising excessively or overflowing from the cultivation bed.
In addition, the upper end of the auxiliary drain pipe is located at a height equal to the predetermined water level of the upper cultivation bed, and the lower end is located higher than the predetermined water level of the lower cultivation bed. In other words, the drain pipe is cut off from the edge, preventing fish from entering the auxiliary drain pipe.

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention is preferably used for loach culture.
Since loach has the habit of entering the pipe, it enters the drainage pipe, which is a pipe, and moves back and forth between the upper and lower cultivation beds.
The cultivation of loach is generally carried out in paddy fields and artificial ponds, but it may become muddy, parasites, or infectious diseases. Use the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention. Such a problem can be solved because it is possible to cultivate in an environment where mud or the like does not exist while being separated from the outside world in the facility.
Compared to farming with artificial ginger in the facility, the cultivation beds on which loach grows are installed in multiple stages up and down, so space can be saved and costs can be reduced. It becomes possible.

  Since the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the invention is configured as described above, fish can freely move between a plurality of cultivation beds installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction.

Longitudinal sectional view of hydroponic cultivation apparatus of embodiment II-II sectional view of FIG. III-III sectional view of FIG. The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the other example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a cultivation bed 11 installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction and a drain pipe 12 that connects the upper and lower cultivation beds 11. Hydroponic cultivation of V and cultivation of fish F can be performed simultaneously, and the fish F is allowed to move between the cultivation beds 11 through the drain pipe 12.
In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of the embodiment, since the cultivation bed 11 is also used as a fish F culture tank, there is no need to newly install a culture tank.

As shown in FIG. 1, water (nutrient solution) W is stored in each cultivation bed 11, and the water W sequentially flows from the upper cultivation bed 11 to the lower cultivation bed 11 through the drain pipe 12. It is like that.
The water W exceeding a predetermined water level in the cultivation bed 11 flows down from the upper cultivation bed 11 to the lower cultivation bed 11 sequentially through the auxiliary drain pipe 19.
The water W discharged from the drain pipe 12 of the lowermost cultivation bed 11 flows into a tank 13 installed further below the lowermost cultivation bed 11.
The tank 13 has a bottom portion 13a and a peripheral portion 13b and has a box shape that opens upward, and can store water W therein.
A supply pipe 14 extends from the tank 13 toward the uppermost cultivation bed 11, and water in the tank 13 is pumped up to the uppermost cultivation bed 11 by a pump 14 a attached to the supply pipe 14. Supplied with.
The water W supplied to the uppermost cultivation bed 11 flows down to the lower cultivation bed 11 through the drain pipe 12 and further flows down to the lower cultivation bed 11, and by this repetition, a water circulation state is created. ing.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cultivation beds 11 are installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction using appropriate means such as being placed on each stage of a multistage shelf. Thus, space saving is achieved by installing the cultivation bed 11 in multiple stages.
The cultivation bed 11 has a box shape having a rectangular bottom portion 11a and a rectangular tube-shaped peripheral portion 11b that rises substantially vertically from the periphery of the bottom portion 11a, and opens upward.
The material of the cultivation bed 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably made of expanded polystyrene because it is lightweight and inexpensive.
The cultivation bed 11 is formed in a watertight manner and can store water W at a predetermined water level.

As shown in FIG. 1, a planting panel 15 that is a rectangular plate is supported near the opening of the cultivation bed 11. The fixed planting panel 15 is formed with fixed planting holes 15a that are arranged in parallel vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals, and the vegetables V are planted in the fixed planting holes 15a.
Although the kind of vegetable V is not specifically limited, lettuce, spinach, a daikon radish, etc. can be illustrated as a thing suitable for hydroponics. In the drawing, lettuce is illustrated.
The root R of the vegetable V reaches the water of the cultivation bed 11 and can absorb nutrients in the water.
Although the material of the fixed planting panel 15 is not specifically limited, Like the cultivation bed 11, it is preferable that it is made from a polystyrene foam.

As shown in FIG. 1, a light 16 is installed on the bottom surface of the bottom 11 a of the cultivation bed 11 to irradiate the vegetables V planted on the planting panel 15 in the lower cultivation bed 11.
Photosynthesis of vegetables V is promoted by the artificial light of the light 16. Although the kind of light 16 is not specifically limited, LED light can be illustrated.
Although the installation aspect of the light 16 is not specifically limited, Fixing to the lower surface of each shelf of the multistage shelf which mounts the cultivation bed 11 can be illustrated.

As shown in FIG. 1, many fish F are released in the water of each cultivation bed 11.
The type of the fish F is not particularly limited, but small fish is preferable as it does not hinder the growth even in a relatively shallow water environment such as the cultivation bed 11, and the roots R of the vegetables V extending in the water are beaten. Therefore, a kind that does not hinder the growth of vegetables is preferable. As such a fish, a loach is illustrated in the drawing.
Fish F is raised with artificial feed. The leftovers such as the fish F excrement and artificial feed become nutrients for the vegetables V, so that the artificial fertilizers necessary for the growth of the vegetables V can be reduced or eliminated, and the cost of the fertilizers can be reduced. Purification of the water W is also realized by the vegetable V absorbing ammonia or the like in the excrement of the fish F.

Fish F is raised in an environment isolated from the outside world, so there is no need to worry about parasites or diseases. Because there are no parasites, it is possible to eat for sashimi, for example.
As the vegetable V, medicinal herbs, herbs, and the like can be cultivated. In that case, activation of the fish F and prevention of diseases can be achieved by the components that are leached from the root R extending into the water of the cultivation bed 11.
In addition, since fish F swims between the roots R of the vegetables V, the growth of the roots R is inhibited, so that the nutrient concentrates on the edible parts of the vegetables V and the growth of the edible parts is increased. I can expect.

As shown in FIG. 1, in order to make the cultivation bed 11 suitable for the growth of the fish F, the artificial soil S can be spread on the bottom 11 a of the cultivation bed 11.
Although the kind of artificial soil S is not specifically limited, organic cultivation of vegetable V is possible by using organic culture soil and using only the excrement of fish F as a fertilizer.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the bottom 11 a of the cultivation bed 11 can be provided with a hidden groove 17 having a size that allows the fish F to enter.
A fish F having a habit of hiding in the ground at the bottom of the water, such as loach, enters such a hidden groove 17. Such fish F also lays eggs in the hidden groove 17 because it lays eggs in a state hidden in the soil.
The thickness of the bottom part 11a of the cultivation bed 11 can also be made larger than the thickness of the peripheral part 11b so that the hidden groove 17 of sufficient depth can be provided.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, a corrugated or porous artificial reef 18 into which fish F can enter can be sunk on the bottom 11 a of the cultivation bed 11.
The type of the artificial fish reef 18 is not particularly limited as long as it is corrugated or porous and has a large gap, but in the drawing, a corrugated artificial reef is illustrated.

Fish F, which has a habit of hiding in the ground at the bottom of the water, such as loach, enters the gaps on the upper and lower surfaces of the artificial reef 18 and lays eggs in the gaps.
In addition, nitric acid bacteria that decompose ammonia contained in fish F excrement are likely to settle and propagate on artificial reefs with many voids.
By propagating the nitrate bacteria, the water W is purified, and it is not necessary to provide a separate facility such as a filtration tank or a biofilter for purifying the water.
In addition, the artificial reef 18 can also be installed in the state which floated from the bottom part 11a of the cultivation bed 11. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the drainage pipe 12 connects the peripheral portion 11 b of the upper cultivation bed 11 and the peripheral portion 11 b of the lower cultivation bed 11 except for the one in the lowermost cultivation bed 11.
The connection position of the upper end part of the drain pipe 12 and the peripheral part 11b of the upper cultivation bed 11 and the connection position of the lower end part of the drain pipe 12 and the peripheral part 11b of the lower cultivation bed 11 are from the water level of the cultivation bed 11, respectively. Is also in a low position.
Therefore, the upper end portion of the drain pipe 12 is opened in the water of the upper cultivation bed 11, and the lower end portion of the drain pipe 12 is opened in the water of the lower cultivation bed 11.
The diameter of the drainage pipe 12 is a diameter large enough for the fish F to be bred to pass, except for the one in the lowermost cultivation bed.

In addition, the drain pipe 12 and the auxiliary drain pipe 19 of the lowermost cultivation bed 11 extend linearly from the bottom 11 a of the cultivation bed 11 toward the lower cultivation bed 11 or the tank 13.
The drainage pipe 12 and the auxiliary drainage pipe 19 of the bottommost cultivation bed 11 are positioned at the same height as the water surface inside the cultivation bed 11 in order to prevent the fish F from entering. And the lower end part is located higher than the water surface in the cultivation bed 11 or the tank 13 in the lower stage.
The water W exceeding a predetermined water level in the cultivation bed 11 is set to flow down to the cultivation bed 11 or the tank 13 in the lower stage.
As described above, when the auxiliary drain pipe 19 is provided for causing the overflowed water W to flow down to the lower cultivation bed 11 when the water level of the cultivation bed 11 exceeds the predetermined water level, the water level of the cultivation bed 11 is excessive. It is prevented from rising and overflowing from the cultivation bed 11.

Moreover, the drain pipe 12 is curved in a circular arc shape or a spiral shape or bent in a zigzag shape except for the one in the lowermost cultivation bed 11, and has a gentle slope-like gradient. ing. FIG. 1 schematically shows the drain pipe 12 curved in an arc shape. FIG. 4A schematically shows another example in which the drain pipe 12 is spirally curved. In FIG. 4B, the drain pipe 12 is shown as another example. A zigzag bent shape is schematically shown.
The gradient in the drain pipe 12 is adjusted to a range in which the fish F to be raised can move up.

  The specific degree of the gradient of the drain pipe 12 is not particularly limited, but the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane is preferably 80 degrees or less, more preferably 60 degrees or less, and still more preferably 45 degrees or less. . This is because if the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane exceeds 80 degrees, the gradient is too steep and the fish F cannot go up the drain pipe 12. Although the minimum of the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal surface of the drain pipe 12 is not specifically limited, It can illustrate that it is 30 degree | times or more.

  The material of the drain pipe 12 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a flexible material so that the degree of curvature can be adjusted. An example of a material having such characteristics is vinyl chloride.

  Since the structure of the drainage pipe 12 is as described above, the fish F of the lower cultivation bed 11 enters the interior from the lower end of the drainage pipe 12 that opens into the water of the cultivation bed, and the drainage pipe has a gentle upward slope. 12 is run up against the flow of water W and comes out of the upper end of the drain pipe 12 that opens into the water of the upper cultivation bed 11.

Further, the fish F of the upper cultivation bed 11 enters the inside from the upper end of the drain pipe 12 that opens into the water of the cultivation bed, and descends along the flow of the water W through the drain pipe 12 having a gentle downward slope. Then, it comes out from the lower end portion of the drain pipe 12 that opens into the water of the lower cultivation bed 11.
Therefore, the drain pipe 12 functions as a fishway, and the fish F can freely move through the drain pipe 12 between the upper cultivation bed 11 and the lower cultivation bed 11.

Compared with the case where each fish F cannot move from a specific cultivation bed 11 to another cultivation bed 11, the growth space is remarkably expanded, which has a positive effect on growth and reproduction.
When a fish having a habit of entering a tubular body such as a loach or a habit of going up is selected as the fish F, the fish F actively moves between the cultivation beds 11 through the drainage pipe 12, and the upper stage cultivation. Since the frequency of the upward movement to the bed 11 and the frequency of the downward movement to the lower cultivation bed 11 are almost antagonistic, the density of the fish F is not biased between the cultivation beds 11.

  The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and includes all modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the claims and equivalents thereto.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 Embodiment 11 Cultivation bed 11a Bottom part 11b Circumference part 12 Drain pipe 13 Tank 13a Bottom part 13b Perimeter part 14 Supply pipe 14a Pump 15 Planting panel 15a Planting hole 16 Light 17 Hidden groove 18 Artificial reef 19 Auxiliary drain pipe W Water V Vegetable R Root F Fish S Population soil

Claims (6)

A cultivation bed installed in multiple stages in the vertical direction, having a bottom and a peripheral part rising from the bottom, opening upward, and capable of storing water up to a predetermined water level inside,
A drain pipe that connects the upper cultivation bed and the lower cultivation bed, and discharges the water stored in the upper cultivation bed toward the lower cultivation bed;
A water supply pipe with a pump for pumping water discharged from the lowermost cultivation bed toward the uppermost cultivation bed;
The drain pipe has an upper end connected to a peripheral portion of the upper cultivation bed and lower than the predetermined water level, and a lower end thereof is a peripheral portion of the lower cultivation bed and the predetermined portion. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus that is connected to a position lower than the water level and is curved in an arc shape or a spiral shape or bent in a zigzag shape to allow passage of fish.   The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of the drain pipe with respect to a horizontal plane is 80 degrees or less at an arbitrary position.   The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a hidden groove into which fish can enter is provided at a bottom of the cultivation bed.   The water according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a corrugated or porous artificial reef which is installed in a position lower than the predetermined water level inside the cultivation bed and into which fish can enter. Tillage cultivation equipment.   It extends in a straight line from the upper cultivation bed to the lower cultivation bed, and its upper end is located at the same height as the predetermined water level inside the upper cultivation bed, and its lower end is the interior of the lower cultivation bed. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an auxiliary drain pipe positioned higher than the predetermined water level.   The hydroponic cultivation apparatus for a loach culture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a loach is selected as the fish.

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