JP2017528613A - Non-woven material with separable three-dimensional deformation to form protrusions with varying width and wide base openings - Google Patents

Abstract

Separability, which is a non-woven material, forming a protrusion in the non-woven material outwardly extending from the first surface of the non-woven material and a wide base opening adjacent to the second surface of the non-woven material. A nonwoven fabric having the following three-dimensional deformation is disclosed. The width of the protrusion can vary along the length of the protrusion.

Description

  The present invention is directed to a nonwoven material having a separate three-dimensional deformation with a wide base opening, a method of manufacturing the same, and an article comprising such a nonwoven material.

  Various materials for use in absorbent articles are disclosed in the patent literature. Patent publications disclosing such materials and methods for their manufacture include US Pat. Nos. 4,323,068 (Aziz), 5,518,801 (Chappel et al.), 5,628,097. (Benson et al.), 5,804,021 (Abuto et al.), 6,440,564 B1 (McLain et al.), 7,172,801 (Hoying et al.), 7,410. 683 (Curro et al.), 7,553,532 (Turner et al.), 7,648,752 B2 (Hoying et al.), 7,682,686 B2 (Curro et al.), 8,241,543 B2 (O'Donnell et al.), 8,393,374 B2 (Sato et al.), 8,585,958 B2 (Gray et al.), 8,61 , 449 B2 (Baker et al.), U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2006/0286343 A1, 2010/0028621 A1, 2010/0297377 A1, 2012/0064298 A1, 2013/0165883 A1. 2014/0121621 A1, 2014/0121623 A1, 2014/0121624 A1, 2014/0121625 A1, 2014/0121626 A1, European Patent No. 1774940 B1, No. 1787711 B1, No. 1982013 B1, No. PCT International Publication No. 2008/146594 A1, and No. 2014/084066 A1 (Zuiko). Kao Marys (TM) diapers and Kimberly-Clark HUGIES (TM) diapers are the finest products in which a textured topsheet is bonded to another untextured layer by hot embossing or hydroentanglement.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,068 US Pat. No. 5,518,801 US Pat. No. 5,628,097 US Pat. No. 5,804,021 US Pat. No. 6,440,564 B1 US Pat. No. 7,172,801 US Pat. No. 7,410,683 US Pat. No. 7,553,532 US Pat. No. 7,648,752 B2 US Patent No. 7,682,686 B2 US Pat. No. 8,241,543 B2 US Pat. No. 8,393,374 B2 US Pat. No. 8,585,958 B2 US Patent No. 8,617,449 B2 US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0286343 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0028621 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0297377 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0064298 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0165883 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0121621 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0121623 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0121624 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0121625 A1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0121626 A1 European Patent No. 1774940 B1 European Patent No. 1787611 B1 European Patent No. 1982013 B1 PCT International Publication No. 2008/146594 A1 PCT International Publication No. 2014/084066 A1

  There is a need for improved materials for use in absorbent articles and methods for making such materials. In certain cases, there is a need for improved nonwoven materials or nonwoven material laminates that have a soft appearance and a soft feel and that have improved dryness. In particular, for improved nonwoven materials that have a three-dimensional shape formed within themselves, thereby providing improved softness and dryness, as well as providing a visual signal of softness and dryness There is a need. This three-dimensional shape may form a recess on one side of the material and a protrusion on the opposite side. In some cases, it may be desirable to place such material in the absorbent article so that the recess is visible on the topsheet of the absorbent article. In some such cases, it is desirable for such a recess to have a well-defined and wide opening, which not only improves liquid capture, but is also absorbent to the consumer. It may also provide a “signal” that communicates the liquid capture function of the article and the ability to deal with viscous fluids such as defecation. When manufacturing such materials on high speed lines, it becomes more difficult to form a three-dimensional shape that remains well defined. In addition, if the material is incorporated into a product that is manufactured or packaged under compression (eg, disposable diapers), the shape / deformation three-dimensional characteristics can be achieved after the material has been subjected to such compressive forces. It becomes difficult to hold. Certain conventional three-dimensional structures have a tendency to crush or occlude and become less visible when compressed. Furthermore, there is a need for materials that can provide such properties using mechanical deformation methods that are cheaper than high energy processes such as hydroentanglement and hydroforming.

  Thus, there is a need for a material that has a deformation in itself that provides a well-defined three-dimensional shape even after compression and its high speed and relatively inexpensive manufacturing method. A specific aspect of high speed is compatibility with the absorbent article production line, which provides advantages in pattern flexibility and zone formation, and also reduces the need to transport bulky material.

  The present invention is directed to a nonwoven material having a separate three-dimensional deformation with a wide base opening, a method of manufacturing the same, and an article comprising such a nonwoven material.

  The nonwoven material has a deformation formed therein. This deformation forms a protrusion extending outwardly from the first surface of the nonwoven material and a base opening in the narrowest portion of the protrusion adjacent to the second surface of the nonwoven material. The protrusion can include a cap portion. The maximum inner width of the cap portion of the protrusion may be greater than the width of the base opening. The protrusion may include fibers that extend from the base of the protrusion to the distal end of the protrusion, which may contribute to forming part of the side of the protrusion and the cap. In some cases, a plurality of such fibers may be arranged to substantially completely surround the sides of the protrusion. In some cases, when a compressive force is applied to the nonwoven web, at least some of the protrusions may be configured to collapse in a controlled manner, thereby leaving the base opening open. Can be. In some cases, the width of the protrusion can vary along the length of the protrusion. In some cases, the nonwoven material includes at least two layers that may differ in fiber density and / or abundance of hot spot adhesion at various points within and around the protrusions. . In some cases, this deformation may have a higher light transmission than an adjacent undeformed region. Any of the properties described herein may be present in the nonwoven material either individually or in any combination.

  A method of forming a deformation in a nonwoven material includes the following steps: a) providing at least one precursor nonwoven web, b) providing a pair of forming members, the pair of forming members Comprises a first forming member having a surface including a plurality of individual spaced male forming elements, and a second forming member having a surface including a plurality of recesses within the second forming member itself, Each of the recesses is respectively aligned and configured to receive at least one of the male forming elements therein, the recess being larger than the outer periphery of the male element in plan view and completely surrounding the periphery. And c) a step of placing the precursor nonwoven web between the forming members and mechanically deforming the precursor nonwoven web with the forming members. The method forms a nonwoven web having a generally flat first region and a plurality of separate deformations. This deformation forms a protrusion extending outwardly from the first surface of the nonwoven web and an opening in the second surface of the nonwoven web.

It is a microscope picture which shows the end elevation of the prior art tuft. 1 is a schematic end view of a prior art tuft after being subjected to compression. FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of an end face of a prior art nonwoven web showing a plurality of collapsed tufts. 1 is a schematic side view of a prior art conical structure before being exposed to compression and after being exposed to compression. FIG. It is a plane micrograph which shows one surface of the nonwoven fabric material which has an upward protrusion part and which was formed inside and which has three-dimensional deformation. FIG. 6 is a planar micrograph showing another surface of a nonwoven material similar to that shown in FIG. 5 with an upward opening in the nonwoven. It is a micro CT scan image which shows the perspective view of the protrusion part of a single layer nonwoven fabric material. It is a micro CT scan image which shows the side surface of the protrusion part of a single layer nonwoven fabric material. It is a micro CT scan image which shows the perspective view of a deformation | transformation provided with the opening part upwards of single layer nonwoven fabric material. It is a perspective view of a deformation | transformation of the two-layer nonwoven fabric material provided with the opening part upwards. FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of a cross section taken along the transverse axis of deformation, showing an example of a multilayer nonwoven material with an opening upward, having a three-dimensional deformation in the form of a protrusion on one side of the material; This provides a wide opening on the other side of the material. It is the schematic of the protrusion part shown by FIG. It is a plane micrograph from the protrusion part side of the material after being exposed to compression, and the high-density fiber area | region is shown around the outer periphery of a protrusion part. FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of a cross-section of a protrusion taken along the transverse axis of the protrusion, showing the protrusion after being subjected to compression. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the transverse axis of a variation of one embodiment of a multilayer nonwoven web shown with an upwardly facing base opening. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the transverse axis of a variation of another embodiment of a multilayer nonwoven web, shown with an upward base opening. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the transverse axis of a variation of another embodiment of a multilayer nonwoven web, shown with an upward base opening. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the transverse axis of a variation of another embodiment of a multilayer nonwoven web, shown with an upward base opening. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the transverse axis of a variation of another embodiment of a multilayer nonwoven web, shown with an upward base opening. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the transverse axis of a variation of another embodiment of a multilayer nonwoven web, shown with an upward base opening. It is a plane micrograph of the nonwoven fabric web provided with the upward protrusion part, and has shown the density of the fiber of 1 layer of 2 layer structure. FIG. 17 is a perspective photomicrograph similar to that shown in FIG. 16, showing the reduced fiber density in the sidewalls of the protrusions in the layer. FIG. 7 is a planar photomicrograph of a nonwoven web with upward protrusions, showing reduced fiber density in the protrusion caps of the other layer of the two-layer structure (ie, the layer that is not the layer shown in FIG. 16). Yes. FIG. 19 is a perspective photomicrograph similar to that shown in FIG. 18 showing reduced fiber density in the sidewalls of the protrusions in the layer. It is a micro CT scan image which shows the side surface of the protrusion part of a single layer nonwoven fabric material of a state in which a protrusion part faces downward. FIG. 6 is an image in micro-CT scan plan view showing a base opening of deformation within a single layer of nonwoven material. FIG. 2 is a perspective micrograph of a layer of a multilayer nonwoven material on the surface of a forming roll, where “dangling perforations” can be formed in one of the layers when some nonwoven precursor web material is used. Indicates. 1 is a perspective view of an example of an apparatus for forming a nonwoven material described herein. FIG. FIG. 22 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the male roll shown in FIG. 21. It is an expansion schematic side view which shows an example of the surface texture formed by making a hump on a forming member. It is a schematic side view of the male element provided with the tapered side wall. FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a male element with an undercut side wall. It is an expansion perspective view of a part of a male roll which has another composition. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a male element with a rounded top. It is an enlarged photograph of the upper surface of a male element roughened by sandblasting. FIG. 6 is an enlarged photograph of the upper surface of a male element having a relatively smooth surface formed by machining. It is a schematic side view which shows an example of a macro texture and a micro texture which can be formed by making a hump on the surface of a male or female formation member. It is an expansion perspective view which shows the nip between the rolls shown by FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a recess in a female forming member with a rounded upper end or edge. It is a photograph of the 2nd forming member which has the surface roughened by the diamond-shaped hump. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of one form of a method for producing a nonwoven material having deformation therein, when two precursor materials are used, one of the two precursor materials being a continuous web and the other Is the shape of the separated piece. 2 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for forming a nonwoven material, with a web enclosing one of the rolls before and after passing through the nip between the rolls. FIG. An absorbent article in the form of a diaper comprising an exemplary topsheet / capture layer composite structure, wherein the length of the capture layer is shorter than the length of the topsheet, with some layers partially removed Yes. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of one of the diapers of FIG. 25 taken along line 26-26. It is another cross-sectional view of the diaper of FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for forming a nonwoven material, including an additional roll for tip bonding a layer of multilayer nonwoven material. FIG. FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tip bonded protrusion (shown downward) manufactured by the apparatus shown in FIG. 28. It is a schematic side view of the apparatus for carrying out tip adhesion of the deformed nonwoven material to an additional layer. FIG. 31 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of a deformed nonwoven web protrusion that is tip bonded to an additional layer (only a portion of the additional layer is shown) manufactured by the apparatus shown in FIG. 30. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for deforming a nonwoven material including an additional roll for base bonding the deformed nonwoven material. FIG. 33 is a plan view of a base bonded non-woven fabric manufactured by the apparatus shown in FIG. 32 (the base opening is shown upward). FIG. 33B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line 33B-33B of the base bonded nonwoven shown in FIG. 33A. It is a plane micrograph which shows the adhesion | attachment formed with the apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for base bonding a deformed nonwoven material to an additional layer. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of one embodiment of a female roll having a plurality of separate adhesive elements on its own surface. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of one embodiment of a female roll having a continuous adhesive element on its own surface. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the surface of one embodiment of an adhesive roll with a plurality of separate adhesive elements on its own surface. FIG. 36 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of a deformed nonwoven web manufactured by the apparatus shown in FIG. 35 and base bonded to an additional layer (only a portion of the additional layer is shown). 2 is a plan photograph of a nonwoven material described herein with the base opening facing upward. It is a plane photograph of a perforated nonwoven fabric material. It is a top view photograph of the top sheet currently marketed. 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for deforming a nonwoven material, including additional rolls for tip bonding and base bonding of the deformed nonwoven material. FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for deforming a nonwoven material, including an additional roll, for tip bonding the deformed nonwoven material and then base bonding the deformed nonwoven material to an additional layer. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for deforming a nonwoven material including an additional roll for base bonding the deformed nonwoven material and then tip-adhering the deformed nonwoven material to an additional layer.

  The embodiments of the nonwoven materials, articles, methods and apparatus shown in the drawings are exemplary in nature and are not intended to limit the invention as defined by the claims. Furthermore, each feature of the present invention will become more fully apparent and understood in light of the detailed description.

I. Definitions The term “absorbent article” includes disposable articles such as sanitary napkins, panty liners, tampons, interlabial devices, wound dressings, diapers, adult incontinence articles, wipes and the like. At least some of such absorbent articles are intended for menstrual or absorption of body fluids such as blood, vaginal secretions, urine, and stool. The wipe may be used to absorb bodily fluids or may be used for other purposes such as cleaning the surface. The various absorbent articles described above typically include a liquid permeable topsheet, a liquid impermeable backsheet bonded to the topsheet, and an absorbent core between the topsheet and the backsheet. . The nonwoven materials described herein may include at least some of other articles such as polishing pads, wet or dry mop pads (eg, SWIFFER® pads).

  As used herein, the term “absorbent core” refers to a component of an absorbent article that is primarily responsible for storing liquids. As such, the absorbent core typically does not include the topsheet or backsheet of the absorbent article.

  The term “hole” as used herein is a regular or substantially regular shape that is intentionally formed and extends completely through a web or structure (ie, a through hole). Point to the hole. The openings may be cleanly drilled through the web (“two-dimensional” holes) so that the material surrounding the holes is coplanar with the web prior to formation of the holes, or the material around the openings A hole may be formed so that at least a portion is extruded from the plane of the web. In the latter case, the hole may resemble a recess with a hole in it and may be referred to herein as a “three-dimensional” hole, which is a subset of the hole.

  As used herein, the term “component” of an absorbent article refers to a topsheet, acquisition layer, liquid treatment layer, absorbent core or layer of absorbent core, backsheet, and barrier layers and barrier cuffs, etc. Refers to individual components of an absorbent article, such as a barrier.

  As used herein, the term “cross-machine direction” or “CD” means a path perpendicular to the machine direction in the plane of the web.

  As used herein, the term “deformable material” is a material that can change its shape or density in response to applied stress or strain.

  As used herein, the term “separated” means different or not connected. When the term “separate” is used for a forming element on a forming member, the distal (or radially outermost) end of the forming element is different or connected in all directions, including machine and cross machine direction. (For example, the base of the forming element can be formed in the same surface of the roll).

  The term “disposable” is used herein to describe absorbent articles and other products that are not intended to be washed or otherwise restored or reused as absorbent articles or products. (Ie they are intended to be discarded after use, preferably recycled, composted or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally compatible manner).

  As used herein, the term “forming element” refers to any element on the surface of the forming member that is capable of deforming the web.

  As used herein to describe a protrusion, the term “integral” as used herein means that the fibers in the protrusion are derived from the fibers of the precursor web. Point to. Thus, as used herein, “integral” is to be distinguished from fibers that are introduced or added to a separate precursor web for the purpose of creating protrusions. .

  The term “joined” refers to a configuration in which an element is secured directly to another element by securing the element directly to another element; the element is secured to the intermediate member (s) and then the intermediate member is A configuration in which one element is indirectly fixed to another element by being fixed to another element; a configuration in which one element is integrated with another element, that is, one element is an essential part of another element Comprising. The term “joined” encompasses configurations in which an element is completely fixed to another element over one face of the element, as well as configurations in which the element is fixed at a selected position of another element. . The term “joined” includes any known method by which an element can be secured, including but not limited to mechanical entanglement.

  “Machine direction” or “MD” means the path a material such as a web travels through during the manufacturing process.

  As used herein, the term “macroscopic” means that a person with 20/20 visual acuity is easy if the vertical distance between the viewer's eyes and the web is about 30 cm (12 inches). Refers to a structural feature or element that can be seen and clearly identified. Conversely, the term “microscopic” refers to such a feature that is not readily visible under such conditions and cannot be clearly identified.

  As used herein, “mechanical deformation” refers to the process of applying a mechanical force to a material in order to permanently deform the material.

  As used herein, the term “permanently deformed” refers to a state of a deformable material whose shape or density has been changed permanently in response to applied stress or strain.

  The term “SELF” or “SELF processing” refers to the Procter & Gamble technology, and SELF is an abbreviation for Structural Elastic Like Film. Although the process was originally developed to deform polymer films to have beneficial structural properties, it has been found that the SELF processing process can be used to create beneficial structures in other materials. It was done. The processes, equipment, and patterns created by SELF are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,518,801, 5,691,035, 5,723,087, 5,891,544, No. 5,916,663, US Pat. No. 6,027,483, and US Pat. No. 7,527,615 (B2).

  As used herein, the term “tuft” refers to a particular type of shape that may be formed in a nonwoven web. The tufts may have a tunnel-like configuration, which may be open at one or both of their ends.

  The term “web” is used herein to refer to a material whose first dimension is XY, ie, along its length (or longitudinal direction) and width (or transverse direction). . It should be understood that the term “web” is not necessarily limited to a single layer or sheet of material. Thus, the web can include a laminate or combination of several sheets of the required type of material.

  The term “Z dimension” refers to the dimension orthogonal to the length and width of the web or article. The Z dimension usually corresponds to the thickness of the web or material. As used herein, the term “XY dimension” refers to a plane perpendicular to the thickness of the web or material. The XY dimensions typically correspond to each of the length and width of the web or material.

II. Non-woven material The present invention is directed to a non-woven material having a separate three-dimensional deformation that provides a protrusion on one side of the non-woven material and an opening on the other side of the non-woven material. . A method for making this nonwoven material is also disclosed. This nonwoven material can be used in absorbent articles and other articles.

  As used herein, the term “nonwoven” refers to a woven or knitted fabric (typically without randomly oriented fibers in the case of a knitted fabric), although individual fibers or yarns are intricate. Refers to a web or material having a structure that is not intricate as a repeating pattern. The nonwoven web has a machine direction (MD) and a width direction (CD), as is known in the art of web manufacture. “Substantially randomly oriented” means that more fibers can be oriented in the MD than in the CD or vice versa due to the process conditions of the precursor web. For example, in the spunbond and meltblown processes, continuous strands of fibers are deposited on a support that moves to the MD. Even trying to truly “randomize” the fiber orientation of a spunbond or meltblown nonwoven web, usually a slightly higher percentage of fibers are oriented in the MD rather than the CD.

  Nonwoven webs and materials are often incorporated into products such as absorbent articles in high speed product manufacturing lines. In such a manufacturing process, compressive and shear forces can be applied to the nonwoven web, which can damage certain types of three-dimensional shapes intentionally formed in such webs. . In addition, if the nonwoven material is incorporated into a product that is manufactured or packaged under compression (eg, disposable diapers), after the material has been exposed to such compressive forces, any previous type of three-dimensional It becomes difficult to maintain the three-dimensional characteristics of the shape.

  For example, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example prior art nonwoven material 10 with a tuft structure. The nonwoven material includes a tuft 12 formed from looped fibers 14, which forms a tunnel-like structure having two ends 16. The tuft 12 extends outward in the Z direction from the surface of the nonwoven material. This tunnel-like structure has a width that is substantially the same from one end of the tuft to the other. Often, such tuft structures have holes or openings 18 at both ends and an opening 20 at each base. Typically, the openings 18 at both ends of the tuft are at the machine direction (MD) end of the tuft. The tuft end opening 18 may be the result of the process used to form the tuft. If the tuft 12 is formed by forming an element in the form of a tooth with a relatively small tip and vertical leading and trailing edges forming a sharp tip, these leading edges and / or The trailing edge may pierce the nonwoven web at at least one end of the tuft. As a result, the opening 18 can be formed at one or both ends of the tuft 12.

  Such a nonwoven material 10 provides a well-defined tuft 12, but the opening 20 at the base of the tuft structure is relatively narrow and can be difficult to see with the naked eye. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the material of the tuft 12 surrounding this narrow base opening 20 can tend to form a hinge 22 or pivot point when a force is applied to the tuft. When the nonwoven fabric is compressed (eg, in the Z direction), in many cases, the tuft 12 can be crushed to one side and the opening 20 can be blocked. Typically, the majority of tufts in such a tuft material collapse and block the opening 20. FIG. 2 shows an example of the tuft 12 after being crushed. In FIG. 2, the tuft 12 is folded to the left. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a nonwoven material with several upward tufts, with all tufts folded on one side. However, not all tufts 12 are crushed and folded on the same side. Often, some tufts 12 fold to one side and some tufts fold to the other. As a result of the crushing of the tuft 12, the opening 20 at the base of the tuft becomes slit-like and substantially disappears.

  Prior art nonwoven materials with certain other types of three-dimensional deformations (eg, conical structures) can also be subjected to crushing when compressed. As shown in FIG. 4, when exposed to compressive force F, the conical structure 24 does not necessarily fold like a particular tuft structure. However, the conical structure 24 has a relatively wide base opening 26 and a smaller tip 28 that pushes the conical structure back toward the nonwoven material surface, resulting in the shape shown, for example, 24A and subjected to crushing. there is a possibility.

  The nonwoven material of at least some embodiments of the invention described herein is intended to better retain the separated three-dimensional shape structure of the nonwoven material after compression.

  5-14 illustrate an example of a nonwoven material 30 with a three-dimensional deformation that includes a protrusion 32 therein. The nonwoven material 30 has a first surface 34, a second surface 36, and a thickness T (thickness shown in FIG. 12) between them. FIG. 5 shows a first surface 34 of the nonwoven material 30 with a protrusion 32 that extends outwardly from the first surface 34 of the nonwoven material. FIG. 6 shows a second surface 36 of a nonwoven material 30 such as that shown in FIG. 5, which has a three-dimensional deformation formed therein, with a downward protrusion and an upward base opening 44. With. FIG. 7 is a micro CT scan image showing a perspective view of the protrusion 32. FIG. 8 is a micro CT scan image showing a side view of the protrusion 32 (a side surface on the longer side of the protrusion). FIG. 9 is a micro CT scan image showing a modified perspective view with an upward opening 44. The nonwoven material 30 includes a plurality of fibers 38 (shown in FIGS. 7-11 and 14). As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, in some cases, the nonwoven material 30 may have a plurality of bonds 46 (eg, hot spot bonds) to hold the fibers 38 together. Any such adhesion 46 is typically present in the precursor material for forming the nonwoven material 30.

  The protrusions 32 may in some cases be formed from loop-like fibers (which may be continuous) 38, which are extruded outwardly so that they face outwardly in the Z direction from the surface of the nonwoven web. Extend. The protrusion 32 typically includes a plurality of looped fibers. In some cases, the protrusions 32 can be formed from looped fibers and at least some broken fibers. In addition, for some types of nonwoven materials (eg, card material made of shorter fibers), the protrusions 32 can be formed from a loop that includes a plurality of discontinuous fibers. A plurality of discontinuous fibers in the form of a loop are shown as layer 30A in FIGS. The looped fibers may be aligned (ie, may be oriented in substantially the same direction), may not be aligned, or the fibers may be aligned at some locations within the protrusion 32. And may not be aligned with another portion of the protrusion.

  In some cases, a male / female forming element is used to form the protrusion 32, which, when substantially surrounding the male forming element, as well as the orientation within the precursor web. At least some of the fibers may remain in a substantially random orientation (not aligned). For example, in some cases, the fibers may remain in a substantially random orientation within the cap of the protrusion, but may be more aligned within the sidewall, which causes the fiber to cap from the base of the protrusion. It can extend in the Z direction towards In addition, if the precursor web comprises a multilayer nonwoven material, the fiber alignment may be different between layers and may be different between different parts of a given protrusion 32 within the same layer. .

  The nonwoven material 30 can include a generally flat first region 40 and the three-dimensional deformation can include a plurality of separate integral second regions 42. The term “generally flat” does not imply any particular flatness, smoothness or dimensionality. Thus, the first region 40 may include other shapes that provide the first region 40 with topography. Such other shapes include, but are not limited to, small protrusions, raised mesh areas around the base opening 44, and other types of shapes. Therefore, the first region 40 is generally flat when considered in comparison with the second region 42. The first region 40 can have any suitable shape in plan view. In some cases, the first region 40 is in the form of a continuous interconnected network that includes a portion surrounding each deformation.

  As used herein, the term “deformation” includes both a protrusion 32 formed on one side of the nonwoven material and a base opening 44 formed on the opposite side of the material. The base opening 44 is often not in the form of a hole or a through hole. Rather, the base opening 44 may exhibit a concave appearance. The base opening 44 can be compared to a bag opening. The bag typically has an opening that does not completely penetrate the bag. In the case of the nonwoven fabric material 30 of this example, the base opening 44 is open toward the inside of the protrusion 32 as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 11 shows an example of a multilayer nonwoven material 30 that has a three-dimensional deformation of the shape of the protrusions 32 on one side of the material and provides a wide base opening 44 on the other side of the material. The dimensions of the “wide” base opening are described in detail below. In this case, the base opening 44 is upward in the figure. If there are multiple nonwoven layers, the individual layers may be labeled as 30A, 30B, etc. Each individual layer 30A and 30B has a first and second surface, respectively, which are similarly labeled for the first and second surfaces 34 and 36 of the nonwoven material (eg, the first layer). The first and second surfaces of 30A are 34A and 36A, and the first and second surfaces of the second layer 30B are 34B and 36B).

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the protrusion 32 includes a base 50 adjacent to the first surface 34 of the nonwoven material and an opposed bulging distal or cap portion extending to the distal end 54 or “cap”. ”52, a sidewall (or“ side ”) 56, an interior 58, and a pair of ends 60 (this is shown in FIG. 5). The “base” 50 of the protrusion 32 includes the narrowest part of the protrusion when viewed from one end of the protrusion. The term “cap” does not imply a particular shape, but simply includes a wider portion of the protrusion 32, including and adjacent to the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32. The sidewall 56 has an inner surface 56A and an outer surface 56B. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the side wall 56 may transition to the cap 52 and include a portion thereof. Thus, it is not necessary to precisely define where the side wall 56 ends and the cap 52 begins. The cap 52 has a maximum inner width W _I between the inner surfaces 56 A of the opposing side walls 56. Cap 52 further has a maximum outer width W between outer surfaces 56B of opposing side walls 56. The end 60 of the protrusion 32 is the portion of the protrusion that is furthest away along the longitudinal axis L of the protrusion.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the narrowest portion of the protrusion 32 defines a base opening 44. The base opening 44 has a width W _O. The base opening 44 may be located (in the Z direction) between the surface defined by the second surface 36 of material and the distal end 54 of the protrusion. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the nonwoven material 30 has an opening (“second surface opening” 64) in the second surface 36 that transitions into (or transitions from) the base opening 44. This may be the same size as the base opening 44 or larger than the base opening 44. However, the base opening 44 is generally discussed more frequently herein. This is because when the nonwoven material 30 is placed in an article with a base opening 44 that is visible to the consumer, in these embodiments, the size of the base opening is often more visually apparent to the consumer. Because there is. In certain embodiments, for example, in embodiments where the base opening 44 faces outward (eg, in an absorbent article, facing toward the consumer and in the opposite direction to the absorbent core), the base opening 44. It will be appreciated that it may be desired that the be not covered by other webs and / or unblocked.

As shown in FIG. 12, the protrusion 32 has a depth D measured from the second surface 36 of the nonwoven web to the inside of the protrusion at the distal end 54 of the protrusion. The protrusion 32 has a height H measured from the second surface 36 of the nonwoven web to the distal end 54 of the protrusion. In many cases, the height H of the protrusion 32 is larger than the thickness T of the first region 40. The relationship between the various parts of this deformation may be as shown in FIG. 11, when viewed from the end, the maximum inner width W _I of the protrusion cap 52 is the width W _{O of the} base opening 44. Wider than.

  The protrusion 32 can be any suitable shape. Since the protrusion 32 has a three-dimensional shape, the description of the shape depends on the viewing angle. As shown in FIG. 5, when viewed from above (ie, perpendicular to the web surface or in plan view), preferred shapes are circular, diamond, American football, egg, clover, heart Examples include but are not limited to shapes, triangles, teardrops, and ovals. (The base opening 44 typically has a shape similar to that of the protrusion 32 in plan view.) In other cases, the protrusion 32 (and the base opening 44) can be non-circular. The protrusion 32 may have similar plan view dimensions in all directions, or the protrusion may have one dimension longer than the other. That is, the protrusion 32 may have a different length and width. When the length and width of the protrusion 32 are different, the longer dimension is referred to as the length of the protrusion. Thus, the protrusion 32 has a certain length to width ratio, i.e., an aspect ratio. The aspect ratio can range from about 1: 1 to 10: 1.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the protrusion 32 can have a width W, which varies from one end 60 to the opposite end 60 when the protrusion is viewed in plan view. The width W may vary, with the central portion of the protrusion being the widest portion of the protrusion, and having a protrusion width smaller than this at the protrusion end 60. In other cases, the protrusion 32 may be wider at one or both ends 60 than at the center of the protrusion. In still other cases, the protrusion 32 can be formed to have substantially the same width from one end of the protrusion to the other end. When the width of the protrusion 32 varies along the length of the protrusion, the portion with the largest width of the protrusion is used to determine the aspect ratio of the protrusion.

  When the protrusion 32 has a length L that is longer than the width W, the length of the protrusion may be in any suitable direction relative to the nonwoven material 30. For example, the length of the protrusion 32 (ie, the longitudinal axis LA of the protrusion) may be in the machine direction, the cross machine direction, or any desired orientation between the machine direction and the cross machine direction. The protrusion 32 further has a transverse axis TA that is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LA of the MD-CD surface. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the longitudinal axis LA is parallel to the MD. In some embodiments, all spaced protrusions 32 can have generally parallel longitudinal axes LA.

  The protrusion 32 may have any suitable shape when viewed from the side. Suitable shapes include those having a distal portion or “cap” with an inflated dimension and a narrower portion of the base when viewed from at least one side. The term “cap” is similar to the bulk of a mushroom. (The cap does not necessarily have to resemble the bulk of a particular type of mushroom. In addition, the protrusion 32 may have a shaft portion, such as a mushroom, but does not necessarily have to.) In some cases, the protrusions 32 may be referred to as having a bulbous shape when viewed from the end 60, as shown in FIG. The term “bulb-shaped” as used herein, a cap with an increased dimension when viewed from at least one of the protrusions 32 (particularly when viewed from one of the shorter ends 60). It is intended to refer to the shape of the protrusion 32 having 52 and a narrower portion of the base. The term “bulb shape” is not limited to a protrusion having a circular or round planar shape joined to a columnar portion. In the illustrated embodiment, the bulbous shape (the longitudinal axis LA of the deformation 32 is often oriented in the machine direction) takes a cross-section along the transverse axis TA of the deformation (ie, the cross machine direction). Sometimes it can be most obvious. The bulbous shape may not be very obvious when viewed along the length of deformation (or longitudinal axis LA), as shown in FIG.

  The protrusion 32 may include fibers 38 that at least substantially surround the sides of the protrusion. This means that there are a plurality of fibers extending from the base 50 of the protrusion 32 to the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 (eg, in the Z direction), which causes the side portion 56 and the cap 52 of the protrusion to It shows that it contributes to forming. In some cases, the fibers may be substantially aligned with each other in the Z direction within the side surface 56 of the protrusion 32. The expression “substantially enclosing” thus does not necessarily mean that each individual fiber substantially or completely surrounds the sides of the protrusion in the XY plane. If the fiber 38 is arranged completely surrounding the side of the protrusion, this means that the fiber is arranged 360 ° around the protrusion. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the protrusion 32 may not have a large opening at the end 60, such as the opening 18 at the front and rear edges of the tuft. In some cases, the protrusion 32 may have an opening at only one of the ends, such as the trailing edge. As shown in FIG. 4, the protrusion 32 may be different from the embossed structure. The embossed structure typically has a distal portion that is vertically spaced (i.e., in the Z direction) from the base, which is the wider portion adjacent to the base, as in the case of the cap 52 of the protrusion 32 in this example. Not done.

  The protrusion 32 may have certain additional characteristics. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the protrusion 32 can be substantially hollow. As used herein, the term “substantially hollow” refers to a structure in which the protrusion 32 has substantially no fibers inside the protrusion. However, the term “substantially hollow” does not have to be such that the interior of the protrusion does not contain any fibers. Therefore, there may be some fibers in the protrusion. "Substantially hollow" protrusions, such as those produced by fiber laydown, such as those produced by airlaying or carding fibers into a forming structure with internal recesses, A distinction is made from filled three-dimensional structures.

  The side wall 56 of the protrusion 32 may have any suitable shape. The shape of the side wall 56 may be a straight line or a curved line when viewed from the end of the protrusion as shown in FIG. 11, or the side wall may be formed by a combination of a straight part and a curved part. The curved portion can be concave, convex, or a combination of both. For example, the side wall 56 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 includes a concave part bent inward near the base of the protrusion and a part convex outward near the cap of the protrusion. The side wall 56 of the protruding portion and the region around the base opening 44 are clearly 20 times lower in density than the nonwoven portion of the first region 40 that is not formed under a magnification of 20 times. (This may be evidence of lower basis weight or lower opacity). The protrusion 32 may further have fibers that are narrowed at the side wall 56. This thinning of the fiber, if present, becomes apparent in the form of a cervical region in the fiber 38, as seen in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image taken at 200x magnification. Thus, the fibers may have a first cross-sectional area when in a non-deformed nonwoven precursor web and a second cross-sectional area in the sidewall 56 of the deformed nonwoven web protrusion 32, the first cross-sectional area. One cross-sectional area is larger than the second cross-sectional area. The side wall 56 may further include a number of broken fibers. In some embodiments, the sidewall 56 may include about 30% or more, or about 50% or more of broken fibers.

  In some embodiments, the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 may be made of native basis weight, non-thin, non-breaking fibers. When the base opening 44 is facing down, the distal end 54 becomes the bottom of the recess formed by the protrusion. The distal end 54 has no holes formed completely through the distal end. Thus, the nonwoven material can be non-porous. The term “pore” as used herein refers to a hole formed in a nonwoven after formation of the nonwoven and does not include pores typically present in the nonwoven. The term “hole” further refers to irregular ruptures in the nonwoven material (such as shown in FIGS. 15D-15F and FIG. 20) caused by local rupture of the material during the process of forming the deformation in the nonwoven material. Such breaks may be due to non-uniformities in the precursor material. The distal end 54 may have a relatively high fiber density compared to the rest of the structure forming the protrusion. Fiber density can be measured by observing the sample under a microscope and counting the number of fibers in an area. However, as will be described in detail below, when the nonwoven web is composed of multiple layers, the density of the fibers in different portions of the protrusions can vary between the different layers.

  The protrusion 32 can be any suitable size. The size of the protrusion 32 can be described in terms of the length, width, thickness, height, depth, cap size, and opening size of the protrusion. (Unless otherwise stated, the protrusion length L and width W are the length and width outside the protrusion cap 52.) The protrusion and opening dimensions are described in the Test Methods section. Can be measured before and after compression (according to the designation, under either 7 kPa or 35 kPa pressure). The protrusions have a thickness measured between the same points as the height H according to the “accelerated compression method”, but with a 2 kPa load. All dimensions (ie, length, width, height, depth, cap size, and opening size) of the protrusion and opening other than the thickness are measured at the time of measurement using a microscope with a magnification of 20 times. Measured in the absence of applied pressure.

In some embodiments, the length of the cap 52 can range from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm. In some embodiments, the width of the cap (measured where the width is maximum) can range from about 1.5 mm to about 5 mm. The cap portion of the protrusion may have a surface area in plan view of at least about 3 mm ² . In some embodiments, the protrusion may have a height H before compression ranging from about 1 mm to about 10 mm, alternatively from about 1 mm to about 6 mm. In some embodiments, the protrusion may have a height H after compression in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the protrusion may have an uncompressed depth D ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, or from about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the protrusion may have a depth D after compression in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 5 mm, or about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm.

  Nonwoven material 30 may comprise a composite of two or more nonwoven materials joined together. In such a case, the fibers and properties of the first layer are specified accordingly (eg, the first layer consists of the first plurality of fibers), and the fibers and properties of the second and subsequent layers are appropriate. (For example, the second layer consists of a second plurality of fibers). In a structure with two or more layers, there are many possible shapes of layers that can be taken according to the deformation formation therein. These often depend on the extensibility of the nonwoven material used in the layer. At least one of the layers has a deformation that forms a protrusion 32 as described herein, wherein along at least one cross-section, the width of the protrusion cap 52 is It is desirable that the width is larger than the width of the base opening 44. For example, if one layer of a two-layer structure is used as the top sheet of an absorbent article and the other layer is used as a lower layer (eg, a capture layer), the layer having a protrusion in itself is the top A sheet layer may be included. Most typically, the layer having a bulbous shape will be the layer that contacts the male forming member during the process of deforming the web. 15A-15E illustrate various alternative embodiments of three-dimensional protrusions 32 in a multilayer material.

  In certain embodiments, such as those shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 15A, similarly shaped looped fibers may be formed in each layer of the multilayer nonwoven material, protruding into itself. During the process of forming the portion 32, a layer 30A furthest from the separated male forming element and a layer 30B closest to the male forming element during the process are included. Within the protrusion 32, a portion of one layer, such as 30B, can fit into the other layer, such as 30A. These layers may be referred to as forming “nested” structures within the protrusions 32. Nested structure formation may require the use of two (or more) highly extensible nonwoven precursor webs. In the case of a bilayer material, the nested structure may form two complete loops or may form two incomplete fiber loops (as shown in some of the figures below).

  As shown in FIG. 15A, the three-dimensional protrusion 32 includes a protrusion 32A formed in the first layer 30A and a protrusion 32B formed in the second layer 30B. In one embodiment, the first layer 30A may be incorporated into the absorbent article as a capture layer, the second layer 30B may be a topsheet, and the protrusions formed by these two layers fit together. Get (ie, nested). In this embodiment, the protrusions 32A and 32B formed by the first layer 30A and the second layer 30B are closely fitted together. The three-dimensional protrusion 32A includes a plurality of fibers 38A, and the three-dimensional protrusion 32B includes a plurality of fibers 38B. The three-dimensional protrusion 32B is nested within the three-dimensional protrusion 32A. In the illustrated embodiment, the fibers 38A in the first layer 30A are shorter in length than the fibers 38B in the second layer 30B. In other embodiments, the relative lengths of the fibers in the layers may be the same, or the opposite relationship that the fibers of the first layer are longer than the fibers of the second layer. In addition, in this embodiment, and in any of the other embodiments described herein, the nonwoven layer can be turned inside out when incorporated into an absorbent article or other article, Thereby, the protrusion part 32 becomes upward (or outward). In such a case, a material suitable for the topsheet is used for layer 30A and a material suitable for the lower layer is used for layer 30B.

  FIG. 15B shows that the nonwoven fabric layer is not necessarily in contact with the entire protrusion 32. Thus, the protrusions 32A and 32B formed by the first and second layers 30A and 30B may have different heights and / or widths. The two materials can have substantially the same shape within the protrusion 32 as shown in FIG. 15B (one of the materials has the same curvature as the other). However, in other embodiments, the layers can have different shapes. FIG. 15B shows only one possible layer arrangement and many other configurations are possible, but in the case of all diagrams it is not possible to provide a diagram of every possible configuration. It will be understood.

  As shown in FIG. 15C, one of the layers, for example, the first layer 30 </ b> A (for example, the capturing layer) may be ruptured in the region of the three-dimensional protrusion 32. As shown in FIG. 15C, the protrusion 32 is only formed by the second layer 30B (for example, a top sheet), and extends through the opening in the first layer 30A. That is, the three-dimensional protrusion 32B in the second layer 30B penetrates the ruptured first layer 30A. Such a structure can place a topsheet that is in direct contact with the underlying distribution layer or absorbent core, which can result in improved dryness. In one such embodiment, these layers are not considered “nested” in the region of the protrusion. (In other embodiments shown in FIGS. 15D-15F, the layers may still be considered “nested”.) Such a structure allows the material of the second layer 30B to be greater than the material of the first layer 30A. It can be formed when the extensibility is high. In such cases, the openings can be formed by locally rupturing the first precursor web by the process described in detail below. The ruptured layer may have any suitable shape at the protrusion 32. The rupture may be accompanied by a simple delamination of the first precursor web, so that the opening of the first layer 30A remains a simple two-dimensional hole. However, for some materials, a portion of the first layer 30A can be deflected or biased out of plane (ie, out of the plane of the first layer 30A), thereby forming the flap 70. Can do. The shape and structure of any flap is strongly dependent on the material properties of the first layer 30A. The flap may have the general structure shown in FIG. 15C. In other embodiments, the flap 70 can have a more volcanic structure as if the protrusions 32B erupt from the flap.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 15D to 15F, one or both of the first layer 30A and the second layer 30B may be divided in the region of the three-dimensional protrusion 32 (or have a fracture portion therein). May be). 15D and 15E show that the three-dimensional protrusion 32A of the first layer 30A can have a split 72A therein. The three-dimensional protrusions 32B of the second layer 30B that are not divided coincide with the three-dimensional protrusions 32A of the divided first layer 30A and can fit each other. Alternatively, FIG. 15F shows one embodiment where both the first and second layers 30A and 30B have a split or break (72A and 72B, respectively) in themselves. In this case, the breaks in the layers 30A and 30B are at different positions in the protrusion 32. 15D-15F show unintended random or non-uniform breaks in the material, typically formed by random fiber breaks, which are typically not aligned and in the first or second layer. Typically, however, both layers are not aligned and do not penetrate. Thus, typically there is no hole formed completely through all layers at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32.

  For a two-layer or other multilayer structure, the basis weight distribution (or fiber density) in the deformed material 30 as well as the distribution of any hot spot adhesion 46 may vary from layer to layer. As used herein, the term “fiber density” has a similar meaning to basis weight, but basis weight is g per area, whereas fiber density is the number of fibers per given area. Point to. In the case of the bond site 46, the fibers may be melted, thereby increasing the material density of the bond site 46, although the number of fibers is typically the same as before melting.

  Some such bi-layer and multi-layer nonwoven materials can be described in terms of such differences between layers, and other features described herein (eg, cap portion features, control under compression, etc. Description of one or more of the applied crushing, changes in the width of the protrusions is not necessary. Of course, such bi-layer and multilayer nonwoven materials can have any of these other features.

  In such two-layer and multi-layer nonwoven materials, each layer includes a plurality of fibers, and in certain embodiments, the protrusions 32 are formed of fibers within each layer. For example, one layer (first layer) may form the first surface 34 of the nonwoven material 30 and one layer (second layer) may form the second surface 36 of the nonwoven material 30. A portion of the fibers in the first layer forms part of the first region 40, the protrusion sidewalls 56, and the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32. A portion of the fibers in the second layer forms part of the first region 40, the protrusion sidewalls 56, and the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the nonwoven layer (eg, 30B) that contacts the male forming element had a basis weight similar to that of the original nonwoven (ie, first region 40) at the distal end 54B of the protrusion 32B. Can have a large part. As shown in FIG. 17, the basis weight in the side wall 56B of the protrusion 32B and in the vicinity of the base opening 44 is based on the basis weight of the first region 40 of the nonwoven fabric layer and the basis weight of the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32B. Can also be smaller. As shown in FIG. 18, the nonwoven layer (eg, 30A) that contacts the female forming element, however, may have a basis weight that is significantly less than the first region 40 of the nonwoven layer at the cap 52A of the protrusion 32A. . As shown in FIG. 19, the side wall 56 </ b> A of the protrusion 32 </ b> A may have a smaller basis weight than the first region 40 of the nonwoven fabric. 19A and 19B show that the nonwoven layer 30A in contact with the female forming element may have the highest fiber density in the first region 40 (upper part of the photograph of FIG. 19A), and the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32. Can have the lowest fiber density. In this case, the fiber density of the side wall 56 </ b> A is lower than the fiber density of the first region 40, but higher than the fiber density of the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32.

  The formation of deformations in the nonwoven material can also affect the adhesion 46 (hot spot adhesion) within the layer (s). In some embodiments, the adhesion 46 in the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 may remain intact (uninhibited) by the deformation process that forms the protrusion 32. However, the adhesion 46 originally present in the precursor web at the side wall 56 of the protrusion 32 can be inhibited. If the adhesion 46 can be inhibited, this can take several forms. The bond 46 can be broken, leaving a bond residue. In other cases, for example, if the nonwoven precursor material is poorly bonded, the fibers will unravel from the lightly formed bond site (just as the ribbon is unwound) and the bond site will essentially disappear. In some cases, after the deformation step, the sidewalls 56 of at least some protrusions 32 may be substantially free (or completely free) of hot spot adhesion.

  Many embodiments of two-layer and other multilayer structures are possible. For example, the nonwoven layer 30B as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 may have a base opening upward and can be used as a topsheet in a two-layer or multilayer nonwoven structure (at least one other layer as the capture layer). Used). In this embodiment, the bond 46 in the first region 40 of the nonwoven layer 30B and the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 remain intact. However, at the side wall 56 of the protrusion 32, the bond 46 that was originally in the precursor web can be inhibited so that the side wall 56 is substantially free of hot spot bonding. Such a topsheet can be combined with a capture layer, where the fiber density in the first region 40 of the layer 30A and in the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 is also the fiber of the sidewall 56 of the protrusion 32. Greater than density.

  In other embodiments, the acquisition layer 30A described in the preceding paragraph may have a hot spot adhesion 46 in the first region 40 of the nonwoven layer 30B and the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32. However, at the side wall 56 of the protrusion 32, the bond 46 originally present in the precursor web containing the acquisition layer 30A can be inhibited, whereby the side wall 56 of the acquisition layer 30A is substantially free of hot spot adhesion. In other cases, hot spot adhesion in the acquisition layer 30A on top of the protrusion 32 may also be inhibited, thereby causing the distal end 54 of at least some protrusions to substantially or not have hot spot adhesion. Not included.

  In other embodiments, the two-layer or multi-layer structure may include a topsheet and a capture layer, the capture layer having its base opening facing upward, and the fiber density at the distal end 54 of each layer (its Compared to other parts of the layer), it is different between layers. For example, in one embodiment, in the layer forming the top sheet (second layer), the fiber density in the first region and the distal end of the protrusion is respectively greater than the fiber density in the sidewall of the protrusion. In the layer forming the acquisition layer (first layer), the fiber density of the first region of the acquisition layer may be greater than the fiber density of the distal end of the protrusion. In a modification of this embodiment, the fiber density of the first region of the first layer (capture layer) is greater than the fiber density of the side walls of the protrusions of the first layer, and the fiber density of the side walls of the protrusions of the first layer. Is greater than the fiber density forming the distal end of the first layer protrusion. In some embodiments, where the first layer comprises a spunbond nonwoven material (this precursor material has a hot spot adhesion distributed substantially uniformly throughout), one of the fibers forming the first region of the first layer. The portion includes a hot spot bond and at least some of the fibers in the first layer forming the sidewalls and distal ends of the protrusions may be substantially free of the hot spot bond. In these embodiments, in at least some of the protrusions, at least some of the fibers of the first layer are at the transition between the side wall and the base of the protrusion, as shown in FIG. Nests or circles may be formed to encircle (ie, surround).

The base opening 44 can be any suitable shape and size. The shape of the base opening 44 may typically be similar to or the same as the shape of the corresponding protrusion 32 in plan view. The base opening 44 can be from any dimension in increments of 0.1 mm beyond 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, or 1 mm before (and after) compression. Can also have a large width. The width of the base opening 44 can range from any of the above values up to about 4 mm or more. The base opening 44 may have a length in the range of about 1.5 mm or less to about 10 mm or more. Base opening 44 may have an aspect ratio in the range of about 1: 1 to 20: 1, alternatively about 1: 1 to 10: 1. Measurement of the size of the base opening can be performed on a micrograph. If the size of the width of the base opening 44 is specified herein, the width W _O is measured at the widest portion as shown in FIG. 6 if the opening is not uniform in a particular direction. It will be understood that The nonwoven material of the present invention, and the method of manufacturing the same, can form a deformation with a wider opening than certain prior art structures having a narrow base. As a result, the base opening 44 is more visible to the naked eye. The width of the base opening 44 is of interest. This is because it is the narrowest part of the opening, and thus the size of the opening is most restricted. This deformation maintains a wide base opening 44 even after compression perpendicular to the plane of the first region 40.

  The deformation can be compressed under load. In some cases, it may be desirable for the load to be low enough so that if the nonwoven is worn facing the wearer's body and the deformation is in contact with the wearer's body, the deformation is Because it is soft, it does not form indentations on the skin. This is the case when either the protrusion 32 or the base opening 44 is oriented to contact the wearer's body. For example, it may be desirable to compress the deformation at a pressure of 2 kPa or less. In other cases, this deformation does not matter whether it forms an indentation on the wearer's skin. When at least one of the protrusions 32 of the nonwoven material 30 is tested according to the “accelerated compression method” in the test method section below, it can be collapsed or collapsed in a controlled manner as described below under a 7 kPa load. May be desirable. Alternatively, at least some of the protrusions 32, or in other cases the majority, may be crushed in a controlled manner as described herein. Alternatively, substantially all of the protrusions 32 can be crushed in a controlled manner as described herein. The ability to crush the protrusion 32 can also be measured under a load of 35 kPa. Loads of 7 kPa and 35 kPa simulate manufacturing and compression packaging conditions. Wear conditions can range from zero or limited pressure (when the wearer is not sitting on the absorbent article) to a maximum of 2 kPa, 7 kPa, or more.

  The protrusion 32 can be crushed in a controlled manner to maintain a wide opening 44 at the base after compression. FIG. 13 shows the first surface 34 of the nonwoven material 30 according to the present invention after being subjected to compression. FIG. 14 is a side view of a single downward projection 32 after being subjected to compression. As shown in FIG. 13, when the protrusion 32 is compressed, the fiber density appears to be higher in the shape of the ring 80 in the increased opacity portion around the base opening 44. When compressive force is applied to the nonwoven material, the sidewalls 56 of the protrusions 32 can be collapsed in a more desirable / controlled manner, thereby causing the sidewalls 56 to be concave and folded, resulting in a region of overlapping layers. (For example, s-shaped / accordion type). The increased opacity ring 80 represents a folded layer of material. In other words, the protrusion 32 may have a certain degree of dimensional stability in the XY plane when a Z-direction force is applied to the protrusion. The collapsed shape of the protrusions 32 need not be symmetrical; simply, this collapsed shape prevents the protrusions 32 from being covered or pushed back to the original surface of the nonwoven fabric, making the base opening noticeable. Prevent size reduction (for example, 50% or more). For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the left side of the protrusion 32 can form a z-shaped folded structure, and the right side of the protrusion is not formed, but is still folded when viewed from above. It can be seen that there is a high opacity due to some overlap of the materials. Without being bound by any particular theory, a wide base opening 44 and a large cap 52 (greater than the width of the base opening 44) can be used to control the protrusion 32 in combination with the lack of a pivot point. It is thought that it is crushed in this manner (this prevents the protrusion 32 from being covered). Thus, the protrusion 32 does not have a hinge structure that may allow it to be folded sideways when compressed. The large cap 52 also prevents the protrusion 32 from being pushed back to the original surface of the nonwoven.

This deformation can be placed at any suitable density across the surface of the nonwoven material 30. This deformation may be present at a density of, for example, from about 5 to about 100, alternatively from about 10 to about 50, alternatively from about 20 to about 40 per 10 cm ² area.

  This deformation can be arranged in any suitable arrangement across the surface of the nonwoven material. Suitable arrangements include, but are not limited to, offset arrangements and zone arrangements.

  The nonwoven web 30 described herein may include any suitable element (s) of the absorbent article. For example, the nonwoven web can include a topsheet of an absorbent article or, as shown in FIG. 25, if the nonwoven web 30 includes multiple layers, the nonwoven web is the top of the absorbent article (eg, diaper 82). A combination of sheet 84 and acquisition layer 86 may be included. The diaper 82 shown in FIGS. 25-27 further includes an absorbent core 88, a backsheet 94, and a distribution layer 96. The nonwoven material of the present disclosure can further form an outer cover (eg, backsheet 94) of the absorbent article. The nonwoven web 30 may be placed in an absorbent article with any suitable orientation deformation 31. For example, the protrusion 32 can be upward or downward. In other words, the protrusion 32 may be oriented toward the absorbent core 88 as shown in FIG. Thus, for example, the protrusion 32 may be desirably inward toward the absorbent core 88 in the diaper (i.e., the direction opposite the body surface and toward the garment side). is there. Or the protrusion part 32 may be orient | assigned so that it may extend in the direction away from the absorbent core of an absorbent article, as shown in FIG. In yet another embodiment, the nonwoven web 30 can also be manufactured with some protrusions 32 facing up and some facing down. While not being bound by any particular theory, such a structure can be more effective for protrusions that are upward to clean the body's discharges, while protrusions that are downward are discharges. It may be useful in cases where it can be more effective by absorption of objects into the absorbent core. Thus, without being bound by theory, the combination of these two types of protrusions provides the advantage that two functions can be fulfilled with the same product.

  Two or more multilayer nonwoven structures can provide fluid treatment benefits. If the layers are integrated together and the protrusions 32 face the absorbent core, they can further provide a dry surface advantage. On the other hand, in wet or dry mop pads, it may be desirable for the protrusions 32 to be outward in order to provide a cleaning surface advantage. In some embodiments, when the nonwoven web 30 is incorporated into an absorbent article, the lower layer may be substantially free or completely free of tow fibers. A suitable lower layer free of tow fibers can include, for example, a layer or patch of crosslinked cellulose fibers. In some cases, it may be desirable that the nonwoven material 30 is not entangled with other webs (ie, is not entangled with other webs).

The layer of nonwoven structure (eg, topsheet and / or acquisition layer) can be colored. Color can be imparted to the web in any suitable manner by color pigments (including but not limited to). The term “color pigment” encompasses any pigment suitable for imparting a non-white color to the web. Thus, the term typically does not include “white” pigments such as TiO ₂ that are added to layers of conventional absorbent articles to give them a white appearance. Pigments are usually applied dispersed in a vehicle or substrate, as found, for example, in inks, paints, plastics, or other polymeric materials. For example, the pigment can be introduced into a polypropylene masterbatch. The masterbatch contains high concentrations of pigments and / or additives, which are dispersed in a carrier medium, which is then used to color or modify the uncolored polymeric material into a colored two-component nonwoven. Can be used. An example of a suitable colored masterbatch material that can be introduced is Pantone Color 270 Sanylen Violet PP 42006634 ex Clarant, which is a PP resin containing a high concentration of violet pigment. Typically, the amount of pigment introduced can be from 0.3% to 2.5% based on the weight of the web. Alternatively, color may be imparted to the web by impregnation of the colorant into the substrate. Colorants such as dyes, pigments, or combinations may be impregnated when forming a substrate such as a polymer, resin, or nonwoven. For example, the colorant may be added to the molten batch of polymer during fiber or filament formation.

Precursor material.
The nonwoven material of the present invention can be made from any suitable nonwoven material ("precursor material"). Nonwoven webs can be made in a single layer or in multiple layers (eg, two or more layers). If multiple layers are used, this may consist of the same type of nonwoven material or may consist of different types of nonwoven material. In some cases, the precursor material may not include a film layer.

  The fibers of the nonwoven precursor material can be made from any suitable material, including but not limited to natural materials, synthetic materials, and combinations thereof. Suitable natural materials include, but are not limited to, cellulose, cotton linter, bagasse, xylem fibers, silk fibers and the like. Cellulose fibers may be provided in any suitable form, including but not limited to individual fibers, fluff pulp, dry wrap, linerboard, and the like. Suitable rigid materials include but are not limited to nylon, rayon and polymeric materials. Suitable polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polyethylene (PE), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and copolyester. However, in some embodiments, the nonwoven precursor material may be substantially free or free of one or more of these materials. For example, in some embodiments, the precursor material may be substantially free of cellulose and / or exclude paper. In some embodiments, one or more precursor materials may include up to 100% thermoplastic fiber. Thus, in some cases, the fibers can be substantially non-absorbable. In some embodiments, the nonwoven precursor material may be substantially free of tow fibers or not at all.

  The precursor nonwoven material can comprise any suitable type of fiber. Suitable types of fibers include monocomponent, bicomponent and / or bicomponent, non-round (eg, molded fibers (including but not limited to fibers having a trilobal cross section) and capillary channel fibers). However, it is not limited to these. The fibers can be any suitable size. The fibers have a major cross-sectional dimension (for example, diameter in the case of round fibers), for example, in the range of 0.1 to 500 micrometers. The fiber diameter can also be expressed in denier, which is a unit of weight per fiber length. The constituent fibers can range, for example, from about 0.1 denier to about 100 denier. The constituent fibers of the nonwoven precursor web are of various fiber types that differ in properties such as chemistry (eg, PE and PP), constituents (mono and bicomponent), shape (ie, capillary channel and round), etc. It can also be a mixture.

  The nonwoven precursor web can be formed by a number of processes, for example, an airlaid process, a wet process, a meltblown process, a spunbond process, and a carding process. The web fibers can then be bonded by a spunlace process, a hydroentanglement process, a calendar bonding process, and a resin bonding process. Some of such individual nonwoven webs may have an adhesion site 46 where the fibers are bonded together.

  In the case of a spunbond web, the web may have a hot spot adhesion 46 pattern that is difficult to see with the naked eye. For example, a dense hot spot adhesion pattern with equal and even spacing is usually difficult to see. Even after processing the material by fitting the male and female rolls, the hot spot bonding pattern is still difficult to see. Alternatively, the web may have a hot spot adhesion pattern that is easily visible with the naked eye. For example, hot spot adhesion arranged in a macro pattern (for example, a diamond pattern) becomes more visible with the naked eye. Even after processing the material by mating the male and female rolls, this hot spot bonding pattern is still readily visible and can provide a secondary visual texture element to the material.

The basis weight of the nonwoven material is usually expressed in grams per square meter (gsm). The basis weight of the single layer nonwoven material can range from about 8 gsm to about 100 gsm, depending on the ultimate use of the material 30. For example, the topsheet / capture layer laminate or composite topsheet may have a basis weight of about 8 to about 40 gsm, or about 8 to about 30 gsm, or about 8 to about 20 gsm. The acquisition layer may have a basis weight of about 10 to about 120 gsm, or about 10 to about 100 gsm, or about 10 to about 80 gsm. The basis weight of the multilayer material is the basis weight that combines the constituent layers and other optional components. The basis weight of the multilayer material of interest herein can range from about 20 gsm to about 150 gsm, depending on the ultimate use of the material 30. The nonwoven precursor web may have a density of about 0.01 to about 0.4 g / cm ³ when measured at 2 kPa (0.3 psi).

  The precursor nonwoven web may have certain desirable properties. Each of the precursor nonwoven webs has a first surface, a second surface, and a thickness. The first and second surfaces of the precursor nonwoven web can be generally flat. Typically, it is desirable for the precursor nonwoven web material to have extensibility that allows extension and / or repositioning into the form of protrusions. If the nonwoven web includes multiple layers, it may be desirable for all layers to be as extensible as possible. Extensibility is desirable to maintain at least some unbroken fiber on the sidewall around the perimeter of the protrusion. 100% (this is twice the unstretched length), 110%, 120%, or 130 for the precursor web or at least one nonwoven of the multi-layer structure at or before peak tensile force is reached. Desirably, an apparent elongation (strain at break load, which is equal to the peak force) equal to or greater than at least one of the values from% to about 200% or more is desirable. there is a possibility. The precursor nonwoven web also has the ability to advance plastic deformation to ensure that the deformed structure is “fixed” in place so that the nonwoven web does not tend to recover or return to its previous shape. It may be desirable to be.

  A material that is not sufficiently extensible (eg, non-extensible PP) may form ruptured fibers over most of the perimeter of the deformation, making it easier to form “hanging perforations” 90 (ie, cap 52 of protrusion 32). May at least partially break and separate from the rest of the protrusion (see FIG. 20)). The side area of the protrusion where the fibers are broken is indicated by reference numeral 92. For example, a material such as that shown in FIG. 20 is not suitable for a single layer structure and, if used, will typically be part of a composite multilayer structure, with other layers as described herein. A protrusion 32 is provided.

  If the fibers of the nonwoven web are not very extensible, it may be desirable for the nonwoven to have poor adhesion rather than optimal adhesion. The tensile properties of the thermally bonded nonwoven web can be adjusted by changing the bonding temperature. The web can be optimal or ideally bonded, poorly bonded, or excessively bonded. An optimally or ideally bonded web is characterized by the highest breaking load and apparent elongation with a rapid drop in strength after reaching the breaking load. Under strain, the bond location breaks and a small amount of fiber is drawn from the bond location. Thus, in an optimally bonded nonwoven fabric, the fibers 38 are stretched and broken around the bonded location 46 when the nonwoven web is pulled beyond a certain point. Often, the fiber diameter is slightly reduced in the region around the hot spot bond 46. Insufficiently bonded webs have reduced rupture load and apparent elongation compared to optimally bonded webs and a gradual decrease in strength after reaching the rupture load. Under strain, some of the fibers are drawn from the hot spot bonding location 46. Thus, with a poorly bonded nonwoven, at least a portion of the fibers 38 can be easily separated from the bonded locations 46 and can be repositioned when the fibers 38 are pulled out of the bonded locations and the material is distorted. . An excessively bonded web also has a reduced breaking load and elongation compared to an optimally bonded web, but the strength drop after reaching the breaking load is rapid. This bonded portion has a film-like appearance, and under the strain, the bonded portion is completely broken.

  If the nonwoven web includes multiple layers, the different layers may have the same properties or have any suitable property differences relative to each other. In one embodiment, the nonwoven web 30 may include a two-layer structure used for absorbent articles. For convenience, the precursor web and the material formed therefrom are generally indicated with the same reference numbers herein. However, in some cases, for clarity, the precursor web is shown as 30 '. As described above, the second layer 30B, which is one of the layers, can be used as a top sheet of the absorbent article, and the first layer 30A serves as a lower layer (or sub-layer) and serves as a capturing layer. Can be used as The acquisition layer 30A receives the liquid that has passed through the topsheet and distributes it to the underlying absorbent layer. In such a case, the topsheet 30B is less hydrophilic than the sublayer 30A and thus may provide better drainage of the topsheet. In other embodiments, the topsheet may be more hydrophilic than the sublayer. In some cases, the pore size of the acquisition layer can be reduced, for example, by using lower denier fibers or by increasing the density of the acquisition layer material, thereby increasing the topsheet's density. It can lead to better drainage of the pores.

  The second nonwoven layer 30B that can be used as a topsheet can have any suitable properties. Properties of interest for the second nonwoven layer can include homogeneity and opacity in addition to sufficient extensibility and plastic deformability when used as a topsheet. As used herein, “homogeneity” refers to a microscopic deviation in the basis weight of a nonwoven web. As used herein, “opacity” of a nonwoven web is a measure of the impermeability of visible light and is used as a visual determination of relative fiber density on a microscopic scale. As used herein, the “opacity” of various regions of a single nonwoven deformation is determined by taking a micrograph of the nonwoven portion containing the deformation at a magnification of 20 times against a black background. The Darker areas indicate relatively lower opacity (as well as lower basis weight and lower density) than white areas.

  Some examples of nonwoven materials suitable for use as the second nonwoven layer 30B include, but are not limited to, spunbond nonwovens, carded nonwovens, and other nonwovens, It has high extensibility (apparent elongation in the above-mentioned range) and sufficient plastic deformability, which ensures that the structure is fixed and does not cause significant recovery. Nonwoven materials suitable as the topsheet of the topsheet / capture layer composite structure may be extensible spunbond nonwovens, including polypropylene and polyethylene. The fibers may include a blend of polypropylene and polyethylene, or may be bicomponent fibers (eg, sheath-core fibers using polyethylene for the fiber sheath and polypropylene for the core). Another suitable material is a bicomponent fiber spunbond nonwoven with a polyethylene sheath and a polyethylene / polypropylene blended core.

  For example, the first nonwoven layer 30A that can be used as a capture layer can have any suitable properties. Properties of interest for the first nonwoven layer can include homogeneity and opacity in addition to sufficient extensibility and plastic deformability. If the first nonwoven layer 30A is used as a capture layer, its fluid treatment characteristics must also be appropriate for this purpose. Such properties may include mechanical properties such as permeability, porosity, capillary pressure, thickness, and sufficient compression resistance and elasticity to maintain the void volume. Suitable nonwoven materials for the first nonwoven layer when used as the acquisition layer include spunbond nonwovens, air-bonded ("TAB") carded nonwoven materials, spunlace nonwovens, hydroentangled nonwovens, and resin bonded carding Non-woven materials are included, but are not limited to these. Of course, the composite structure can be inverted and incorporated into the article, where the first layer 30A is used as a topsheet and the second layer 30B is used as a capture layer. In such a case, the properties and exemplary methods of the first and second layers described herein can be interchanged.

  The layers in the multi-layer nonwoven web structure can be combined in any suitable manner. In some cases, the layers are not adhered to each other and may be retained self-generating (ie, by deformation generation therein). For example, both precursor webs 30A and 30B contribute to making the fiber a “nested” relationship, which “bonds” the two precursor webs together and uses adhesive or thermal bonding between the layers. Form a multi-layer web without any need. In other embodiments, the layers can be joined together by other mechanisms. If desired, the precursor web can be selectively utilized with adhesive between layers, ultrasonic bonding, chemical bonding, resin or powder bonding, thermal bonding, or bonding at separate points using a combination of heat and pressure. Specific areas or the whole can be glued. In addition, multiple layers can be bonded during processing, for example, a single layer of nonwoven can be carded onto a spunbond nonwoven and the combined layers can be hot spot bonded. In some cases, certain types of adhesion to the layer may be excluded. For example, the layers of this structure must not be hydroentangled together.

  If an adhesive is used, it can be applied in any suitable manner or pattern, including but not limited to slots, spirals, sprays, and curtain coatings. The adhesive can be applied in any suitable amount or basis weight, including but not limited to about 0.5 to about 30 gsm, alternatively about 2 to about 5 gsm. Examples of adhesives can include hot melt adhesives (eg, block copolymers of polyolefin and styrene).

  Some level of adhesive can reduce the level of fuzz on the surface of the nonwoven. However, the deformation process can result in a high percentage of broken fibers. Adhered two-layer laminates made according to the description herein are evaluated for fuzz. This method conforms to ASTM D4966-98 and utilizes a Martindale abrasion tester. After the sample is worn, it is evaluated on a scale of 1-10 based on the degree of fiber pill formation (1 = no fiber pills, 10 = large and large fiber pills). The protrusions face away from the wear side so that the land area between the recesses is the surface that is primarily worn. Samples can have a significant amount of fiber breakage on the sidewalls of the protrusion / depression (greater than 25%, in some cases greater than 50%), but the fluff value varies as long as the layer does not delaminate during wear. Can be low in material combinations (about 2). Peeling is best prevented by adhesive basis weight (eg, adhesive basis weight greater than 3 gsm) and adhesive coating.

  If the precursor nonwoven web includes multiple layers, it may be desirable for at least one of the layers to be continuous (eg, in the form of a web unrolled). In some embodiments, each layer can be continuous. In another embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 24, one or more layers may be continuous and one or more of the layers may have a separated length. The layers can further have different widths. For example, when manufacturing a combination of a topsheet and a capture layer for an absorbent article, the nonwoven layer used as the topsheet may be a continuous web, and the nonwoven layer used as the capture layer is disposed on the continuous web. Can be supplied to the production line in the form of separate length pieces (eg, rectangular or other shapes). Such a trapping layer can have a narrower width than the topsheet layer, for example. These layers can be combined as described above.

III. Method for Producing Nonwoven Material Nonwoven material is produced by a method comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one precursor nonwoven web, b) a first forming member (“male” forming member) and a second. Providing a device including a pair of forming members including a forming member (a “female” forming member); and c) placing the precursor nonwoven web between the forming members, and the precursor nonwoven web by the forming member. The process of mechanically deforming. The forming member has a machine direction (MD) orientation and a cross machine direction (CD) orientation.

  The first and second forming members may be plates, rolls, belts, or other suitable types of forming members. In some embodiments, an apparatus for stepwise extension as described in US Pat. No. 8,021,591, “Method and Apparatus for Incremental Stretching a Web” by Curro et al., Is of the type described herein. It may be desirable to modify by providing an actuating member as described herein with a forming element. In the embodiment of the apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 21, the first and second forming members 102 and 104 are in the form of a non-deformable, mesh-like counter rotating roll pair with a nip 106 formed therebetween. . The precursor web is fed into the nip 106 between the rolls 102 and 104. The gap between the rolls 102 and 104 is described herein as a nip, but in some cases it may be desirable to avoid compression of the precursor web as much as possible, as detailed below. is there.

First forming member.
The first forming member (eg, “male roll”) 102 has a surface that includes a plurality of first forming elements, which include separate and spaced male forming elements 112. The male forming elements are spaced apart in the machine direction and the cross machine direction. The term “separated” does not include continuous or non-separating forming elements such as ridges and grooves on corrugated rolls (or “ring rolls”). Such corrugated rolls have ridges that can be spaced in either the machine direction or the cross machine direction, but are not spaced in both directions.

As shown in FIG. 22, the male forming element 112 is joined to the first forming member 102 (in this case, integrally formed), a top surface 118 spaced apart from the base, and a male It has a side wall (or “side”) 120 that extends between the base 116 and the top surface 118 of the forming element. Male element 112 may further include a transition portion or region 122 between top surface 118 and sidewall 120. The male element 112 further has an outer periphery in plan view and a height H ₁ (which is measured from the base 116 to the top surface 118). A separate element on the male roll may have a relatively large surface area top surface 118 (eg, about 1 mm to about 10 mm wide and about 1 mm to about 20 mm long) to form a large area deformation. The male element 112 may thus have a planar aspect ratio (length to width ratio) in the range of about 1: 1 to about 10: 1. In order to determine the aspect ratio, the longer dimension of the male element 112 is taken as the length, the dimension perpendicular to this and the width of the male element. The male element 112 can have any suitable shape.

  The base 116 and top surface 118 of the male element 112 can have any suitable planar shape, including rounded diamond shapes, American football shapes, triangles, as shown in FIGS. A clover shape, a heart shape, a tear shape, an oval shape, or an oval shape may be mentioned, but not limited thereto. The shape of the base 116 and the shape of the top surface 118 of the male element 112 may be the same, similar, or different relationships with respect to each other. The top surface 118 of the male element 112 may be flat, rounded, or any shape in between.

  Side wall 120 of male element 112 may have any suitable shape. The male element 112 may have a vertical side wall 120 or a tapered side wall 120. By vertical side wall is meant that the side wall 120 has a side wall angle of zero degrees with respect to a normal extending from the base 116 of the side wall. In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 22A, the sidewall 120 may taper inwardly from the base 116 to the top surface 118 toward the center of the male forming element 112, so that the sidewall 120 is Form an angle A greater than zero. In yet another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22B, the male forming element 112 may have a top surface that is wider than the base so that the sidewall 120 is male forming from the base 116 to the top surface 118. It may be inclined outward from the center of the element 112 (ie, the side wall may be undercut). The sidewall angle may be the same on all sides of the male element 112. Alternatively, the male element 112 may have different sidewall angles on one or more sides. For example, the leading edge (or “LE”) and trailing edge (“TE”) (with respect to the machine direction) of the male element can have equal sidewall angles and the sides of the male element can have equal sidewall angles. However, the side wall angle of LE and TE may be different from the side wall angle of the side surface. In certain embodiments, for example, the side wall angle of the male element 112 may be vertical and the LE and TE side walls may be slightly undercut.

  The transition region or “transition” 122 between the top surface 118 and the side wall 120 of the male element 112 may also be of any suitable shape. The transition 122 may be in the form of an acute angle (as shown in FIG. 22C), where the radius of curvature is zero or minimal where the male element sidewall 120 and top surface 118 join. That is, the transition portion 122 may be substantially oblique, may have an acute angle, may not have a radius of curvature, or may not be rounded. In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 22, the transition 122 between the top surface 118 and the side wall 120 of the male element 112 may have a radius of curvature or be chamfered. Suitable radii of curvature are zero (ie, the transition is acute), about 0.25 mm (0.01 inch), about 0.5 mm (0.02 inch), about 0.76 mm (0.03 inch), About 1 mm (0.04 inch) (or any value in increments of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) beyond 0.25 mm (0.01 inch)), and fully rounded as shown in FIG. 22D Examples include, but are not limited to, striped male elements.

  In some cases, it may be desirable to roughen the entire surface or a portion of the male element 112. The surface of the male element 112 can be roughened in any suitable manner. The surface of the male element 112 may be, for example, media blasted (ie, roughened with a shot or “shot blast”), wet blasted (roughened with a water jet), plasma coated, machined, bumped (ie, first The surface can be roughened by pressure embossing of the surface of the forming member), or a combination thereof. The roughened shape and characteristics of the male element 112 depend on the type of process used for the roughening. Roughening typically provides at least the top surface 118 of at least some male elements 112 of two or more separate first surface textures protruding therefrom.

  When a media blasting or wet blasting process is used to roughen the surface of the male element 112, such a process typically forms a plurality of randomly arranged indentations 138 on the surface of the male element 112. This forms a raised element or “first surface texture element” 140 that is separated and randomly arranged between them. The surface of the male element 112 can be sandpaper-like as shown in FIG. 22E. The surface of the male element 112 can be described by the fineness of the media used to roughen the surface, or by the number of raised elements per area (eg per square inch). For example, the surface of the male element 112 can be roughened with 80, 120 or 150 grit media. The roughened lower surface can be described using the surface texture characterization method outlined below.

When knurling is used to roughen the surface of the male element 112, this typically places the first forming member 102 into a patterned rotating roll made from a material harder than the first forming member. It is carried out by contact. As shown in FIG. 22G, the bumping results in a replacement of the material of the top surface 118 of the male element 112, forming a pattern of valleys 144 and raised areas 146 therebetween. Bumping can modify the surface of the female forming member in the same or similar manner. Such a process typically forms a macroscopic texture (valley 144 and raised region 146) on top surface 118 of male element 112. Such a pattern can be viewed in plan view as, for example, a plurality of diamond-shaped elements, diagonal lines, or straight lines (MD or CD) (eg, a diameter pitch that can range from about 60 (coarse) to about 160 (very thin)). Can appear. The macroscopic texture can be characterized, for example, using a 60 × field microscope. The spacing of the pitch P of the elements 144 and 146 can range from about 0.5 to about 2.0 mm. The height H ₂ of the macroscopic texture element can range from about 0.1 to about 2 mm, alternatively from about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm. In addition to forming the macroscopic texture, the humping process forms a microscopic texture 148 on the top surface of the raised macroscopic texture element 146 using the surface texture characterization method described below. Can be described.

  As described above, any suitable portion of the male element 112 can be roughened. Suitable portions of the male element that can be roughened include top surface 118, sidewall 120, transition region 122 between the top surface and the sidewall, or any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the top surface 118 and the transition region 122 can both be roughened. In other embodiments, only the transition region 122 can be roughened. Often, the portion of the male element 112 that can be roughened depends on the process used to roughen it.

The surface of several rolls textured using the techniques described above can be described using the surface texture characterization method described below and contrasted with an unroughened surface. As shown in FIG. 22F, the non-roughened surface may contain machining traces (eg, continuous ridges and grooves), but these are very regular and the texture described herein. There is almost no height compared to the surface. For the male roll, analysis is performed on the top surface 118 of the male element 112 and the transition region 122 between the top surface and the sidewall. For the knurled female roll, an analysis is performed on the microscopic texture 148 on the top surface of the macroscopic raised texture element 146. The data in Table 1 below includes information on various surface texture parameters including Sq, Sxp, Str, and Vmp. Table 1 shows that the Sq of the microscopic texture surface can have a value greater than 1.7 μm. Sq may be about 15 μm or less or more. The Sxp of the microscopic texture surface may have a value greater than 3.0 μm, which may be about 50 μm or less. The Str of the microscopic texture surface may have a value greater than 0.27 μm, which may be about 1.0 μm or less. Vmp microscopic textured surface may have a value of 0.07 mL / m ² greater, which may be about 1.1 mL / m ² or less or more.

  Many other embodiments of the male forming element 112 are possible. In other embodiments, the top surface 118 of the male element 112 may have a different shape than that shown in the figure. In other embodiments, the male forming element 112 does not have a length in the machine direction, but may be disposed in a different orientation on the first forming member 102 (CD direction and direction between MD and CD). including). The male forming elements 112 of the first forming member 102 may all have the same shape or characteristics, but this need not be the case. In certain embodiments, the first forming member 102 includes several male forming elements 112 having one shape and / or characteristic and other male forming elements having one or more shapes and / or characteristics. 112.

  The manufacturing method of the nonwoven material may be a room temperature condition using the first forming member 102 and the male element 112, a condition for cooling the first forming member 102 and / or the male element 112, or the first forming member and / or the male element 112. It can be carried out under any of the conditions for heating the element. In some cases, it may be desirable to avoid heating the first forming member 102 and / or the male element 112. It may also be desirable to avoid heating the first forming member and / or the male element together. Alternatively, it may be desirable to avoid heating the first forming member and / or male element above the temperature at which the nonwoven fibers can fuse. In some cases, it may be desirable to avoid heating the first forming member and / or male element to any temperature above 130 ° C, 110 ° C, 60 ° C, or 25 ° C.

Second forming member.
As shown in FIG. 21, the second forming member 104 (eg, “female roll”) has a surface 124 having a plurality of cavities or recesses 114 therein. The recess 114 is aligned and configured to receive the male forming element 112 therein. Thus, the male forming element 112 fits into the recess 114 so that a single male forming element 112 fits within the outer periphery of the single recess 114 and is at least partially within the recess 114 in the Z direction. Fits in. The recess 114 has an outer periphery 126 in plan view that is larger than the outer periphery in plan view of the male element 112. As a result, when the rolls 102 and 104 are engaged, the recess 114 on the female roll can completely contain the separated male element 112. The recess 114 has a depth D ₁ shown in FIG. In some cases, the depth D ₁ of the recess is greater than the height H ₁ of the male forming element 112.

  The recess 114 has a shape in plan view, a sidewall 128, an upper end or edge 134 surrounding the upper portion of the recess where the sidewall 128 joins the surface 124 of the second forming member 104, and the sidewall 128 is the bottom of the recess. And a bottom edge 130 surrounding the bottom 132 of the recess joined to 132.

  The recess 114 may have any suitable plan view shape provided such that the recess can receive the male element 112 within itself. The recess 114 may have a plan view shape similar to the male element 112. In other cases, some or all of the recess 114 may have a different plan view shape than the male element 112.

  The side wall 128 of the recess 114 can be in any suitable angular orientation. In some cases, the recessed sidewall 128 may be vertical. In other cases, the recessed sidewall 128 may be oriented at an angle. Typically, this is the angle that tapers inwardly from the top surface 134 of the recess 114 to the bottom 132 of the recess. The angle of the recessed sidewall 128 may in some cases be the same as the angle of the sidewall 120 of the male element 112. In another case, the angle of the recessed sidewall 128 may be different from the angle of the sidewall 120 of the male element 112.

  The upper end or edge 134 surrounding the upper portion of the recess where the side wall 128 joins the surface 124 of the second forming member 104 may have any suitable shape. The edge 134 may be in the form of an acute angle (as shown in FIG. 23), where the radius of curvature is zero or minimal where the recessed sidewall 128 and the surface of the second forming member 104 join. is there. That is, the edge 134 may be substantially oblique, may be acute, may have no radius of curvature, or may not be rounded. In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 23A, the edge 134 may have a radius of curvature or may be chamfered. Suitable radii of curvature are zero (ie, form an acute angle), about 0.25 mm (0.01 inch), about 0.5 mm (0.02 inch), about 0.76 mm (0.03 inch), About 1 mm (0.04 inch) (or any value in increments of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) beyond 0.25 mm (0.01 inch)), a portion of sidewall 128 around each recess 114 Or, but not limited to, a fully rounded land area between all. The bottom edge 130 of the recess 114 may be sharp or may have rounded corners.

  In some cases, the entire or partial surface of the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114 is roughened by providing the surface with a plurality of separate second surface texture elements 142. May be desirable. The surface of the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114 can be roughened by any of the methods described above for roughening the surface of the male element 112. This is because the second surface texture element 142 (and / or the trough 144, the raised region 146, and the fine as shown in FIG. 22G have the same or similar characteristics as the first surface texture element 140 on the male element 112. The surface of the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114 may be provided with a visual texture 148). Accordingly, the second surface texture elements 142 can be distributed on the surface of the second forming member 104 in a regular pattern or a random pattern.

  Any suitable portion of the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114 can be roughened. As shown in FIG. 23A, suitable portions of the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114 that can be roughened include the surface 124 of the second forming member, the sidewall 128 of the recess, and the sidewall 128 forming the second. There may be an upper end or edge 134 surrounding the upper portion of the recess 114 that joins the surface 124 of the member 104, or any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, both top surface 124 and edge 134 can be roughened. In other embodiments, only the edge 134 of the recess 114 may be roughened. Often, the portion of the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114 that can be roughened depends on the process used to roughen it, as in the case of the male element. FIG. 23B is a photograph of the second forming member 104 having a surface 124 roughened with a diamond-shaped hump.

As described above, the recess 114 may be deeper than the height H ₁ of the male element 112 so that the nonwoven material is pinched (or crushed) between the male roll 102 and the female roll 104 as much as possible. ) There is nothing. However, it will be appreciated that passing a precursor web between two rolls of relatively narrow clearance tends to apply some shear and compression forces to the web. However, this method differs from some embossing steps in which the top surface of the male element compresses the material to be compressed against the bottom surface of the female element, thereby reducing the density of the region in which the material is compressed. increase.

  The depth of engagement (DOE) is a measurement of the engagement level of the forming member. As shown in FIG. 23, the DOE is measured from the top surface 118 of the male element 112 to the outermost surface 124 of the female forming member 114 (eg, a roll with a recess). The DOE should be sufficiently large to form a protrusion 32 with a distal portion or cap 52 having a maximum width greater than the width of the base opening 44 when combined with a stretchable nonwoven material. is there. The DOE can range, for example, from at least about 1.5 mm or less to about 5 mm or more. In certain embodiments, the DOE can be about 2.5 mm to about 5 mm, alternatively about 3 mm to about 4 mm. The formation of the protrusion 32 having a distal portion where the maximum width is greater than the width of the base opening 44 is believed to be different from many embossing steps. In the embossing process, the embossing typically takes the shape of an embossing element, which has a base opening that is wider than the rest of the embossing.

  As shown in FIG. 23, there is a clearance C between the side surface 120 of the male element 112 and the side surface (or side wall) 128 of the recess 114. Clearance and DOE are related in that the larger the clearance, the larger the DOE that can be used. The clearance C between the male and female rolls may be the same over the outer periphery of the male element 112 or may vary. For example, the forming member may have a clearance between the side surface of the male element 112 and the adjacent sidewall 128 of the recess 114 such that the clearance between the sidewall at the end of the male element 112 and the adjacent sidewall of the recess 114. Can be designed to be smaller. In another case, the forming member has a clearance between the side surface 120 of the male element 112 and the adjacent sidewall 128 of the recess 114 such that the sidewall at the end of the male element 112 and the adjacent sidewall of the recess It can be designed to be larger than the clearance between them. In yet another case, the clearance between the sidewall on one side of the male element 112 and the adjacent sidewall of the recess 114 is such that the opposite sidewall of the same male element 112 and the adjacent sidewall of the recess It can be larger than the clearance between. For example, the clearance may be different at each end of the male element 112 and / or the clearance may be different at each side of the male element 112. The clearance may range from about 0.1 mm (about 0.005 inches) to about 2.5 mm (about 0.1 inches).

  Additional advantages may be obtained with only some of the configurations of the male element 112 described above or in combination with the second forming member 104 and / or the recess 114. This can be due to a stronger lock of the nonwoven material of the male element 112, which can result in a more uniform and controlled strain in the nonwoven precursor material. This can provide the consumer with a more clearly defined protrusion 32 and a stronger visual signal, and may provide a soft, absorbent and / or dry appearance.

  The precursor nonwoven web 30 is disposed between the forming members 102 and 104. When the precursor nonwoven web is disposed between the forming members, any surface (the first surface 34 or the second surface 36) of the precursor web is directed to the first forming member (male forming member 102) side. There may be. For convenience of explanation, the second surface 36 of the precursor nonwoven web is described herein as being disposed in contact with the first forming member 102. (Of course, in other embodiments, the second surface 36 of the precursor nonwoven web can be arranged to contact the second forming member 104.)

  The precursor material is mechanically deformed by the forming members 102 and 104 when force is applied to the nonwoven web by the forming members 102 and 104. This force can be applied in any suitable manner. If the forming members 102 and 104 are in the form of plates, the force is applied when the plates are brought together. If the forming members 102 and 104 are in the form of counter rotating rolls (or belts, or any combination of rolls and belts), force is applied as the precursor nonwoven web passes between the counter rotating elements. Is done. The force applied by the forming member impacts the precursor web and mechanically deforms the precursor nonwoven web.

  Numerous additional processing parameters are possible. If desired, the precursor nonwoven web can be heated before being placed between the forming members 102 and 104. If the precursor nonwoven web is a multilayer structure, this optional layer (s) can be heated prior to combining the layers. Alternatively, the entire multilayer nonwoven web can be heated before being placed between the forming members 102 and 104. The precursor nonwoven web, or this layer (s), can be heated in any suitable manner, including conductive heating (eg, by contacting the web to a heated roll), or convection. Heating (i.e., but not limited to under a hot air knife or by passing through a furnace). Heating should not be targeted and should not use chemical aids. The first forming member 102 and / or the second forming member 104 (or any suitable portion thereof) can also be heated. If desired, the web can additionally or alternatively be heated after being mechanically deformed.

  Several processing parameters may be desirable when the precursor material is fed between forming members that include pairs of counter rotating rolls. With respect to the speed at which the precursor web is fed between the counter-rotating roll pairs, it may be desirable to overfeed the web into the nip 106 between the rolls (resulting in a negative tensile force). The surface speed of the metering roll immediately upstream of the forming members 102 and 104 can be about 1-1.2 times the surface speed of the forming members 102 and 104. The precursor web tension just before the forming members 102 and 104 should be less than about 22 N (about 5 pounds) or less than about 9 N (about 2 pounds) when the web width is 0.17 m. May be desirable. With respect to the rate at which the deformed web 30 is removed from between the counter-rotating roll pairs, it may be desirable to produce a positive tensile force upon exiting the nip between the rolls. The surface speed of the metering roll immediately downstream of the forming members 102 and 104 can be about 1-1.2 times the surface speed of the forming members 102 and 104. It may be desirable for the web tension immediately after the forming members 102 and 104 to be less than about 22 N (about 5 pounds), or less than about 9 N (about 2 pounds).

  As shown in FIG. 24A, the precursor web 30 ′ is placed in the nip 106 between the forming members 102 and 104 without contacting the precursor web 30 ′ to any part of the forming member before and after the nip. Rather than feeding, it may be desirable to pre-wrap the web around the second forming member 104 before entering the nip 106 and post-wrap the web 30 around the second forming member 104 after passing through the nip. .

  The apparatus 100 for deforming the web may include multiple nips for deforming the web portion at the same location, as described, for example, in US Patent Publication No. 2012/0064298 A1 (Orr et al.). For example, the apparatus may include a central roll and satellite roll with equal DOE, or a central roll and satellite roll with DOE gradually increasing with each successive roll. This helps, for example, reduce web damage and / or further ensure that the web is prevented from returning to an undeformed state by permanently securing the deformation within the web. Can provide the following advantages.

  The apparatus for deforming the web may further include a belt or other mechanism, which may hold down the longitudinal edge of the web downward to prevent the web from being pulled in the cross machine direction.

  When deforming a multi-layer web that is a laminate bonded with an adhesive, it may be desirable to cool the forming member to prevent the adhesive from adhering to and fouling the forming member. The forming member can be cooled using processes well known in the art. One such process may be an industrial chiller that utilizes a refrigerant, such as propylene glycol, for example. In some cases, it may be desirable to perform the process in a humid environment so that a layer of condensate is formed on the forming member.

  The apparatus 100 for deforming the web may be in any suitable position in any suitable process. For example, the device may be placed in-line with a nonwoven web manufacturing process or a nonwoven laminate manufacturing process. Alternatively, the device 100 can be placed in-line in an absorbent article conversion process (eg, after unwinding the precursor web and before incorporating it as part of the absorbent article).

The process forms a nonwoven web 30 that includes a generally flat first region 40 and a plurality of separate unitary second regions 42 that extend from the first surface 34 of the nonwoven web. A modification comprising an outwardly extending protrusion 32 and an opening in the second surface 36 of the nonwoven web is included. (Of course, when the second surface 36 of the precursor nonwoven web is placed in contact with the second forming member 104, the protrusions extend outward from the second surface of the nonwoven web and the openings are the nonwoven web. While not being bound by any particular theory, the extensibility of the precursor web (or at least one of its layers) is the male forming element 112, When pushed into a recess 114 having a depth of engagement DOE that is less than the depth D ₁ , a portion of the nonwoven web is stretched to create a large cap and a wide base opening as described above. It is thought that the deformation | transformation containing the protrusion part provided is formed. (This can be compared to pressing a finger against an uninflated balloon, which stretches the balloon material and permanently deforms it.)

  When the precursor nonwoven material 30 includes a plurality of layers, when one of the layers is a separated piece-shaped nonwoven material as shown in FIG. 24, the base opening 44 is a continuous layer (for example, 30B). It may be desirable to form a deformation such that the protrusion 32 extends towards this separated layer (eg 30A). Of course, in other embodiments, such structural variations may be reversed. The deformation can be distributed in any suitable manner over the surface of such a continuous or separated layer. For example, the deformation can be distributed over the entire length and / or width of the continuous layer, can be distributed in a region narrower than the width of the continuous layer, or can be limited to a region of separated layers.

  The nonwoven material deformation methods described herein can exclude (or distinguish) the following steps: hydroforming, hydromolding, use of air jets, stiffness versus elasticity ( For example, embossing of steel / rubber) and the use of a patterned surface for a flat anvil surface (eg rigid vs. rigid embossing). This method may further exclude (or distinguish) the Procter & Gamble Company process ("SELF" process) to produce Structural Elastic-Like Films. The forming member used in the present specification is different from the forming member used in the SELF process for forming the corrugated structure (and the tuft structure). SELF teeth typically have relatively small tips and the ridges of the mating ring rolls only form the side boundaries of the SELF teeth, not the front and back boundaries of the teeth.

IV. Any process step.
The precursor web material 30 ′ and / or the nonwoven web material 30 with deformations within itself can be the subject of any additional process steps. Additional steps can include, but are not limited to, embossing and / or gluing.

A. Embossing.
The precursor web material 30 ′ and / or the nonwoven web material 30 with deformations within itself can be the subject of any embossing process. The precursor web material 30 'can be embossed prior to forming a deformation in itself. Additionally or alternatively, the nonwoven web material 30 described herein can be embossed after forming deformations (protrusions 32 and base openings 44) therein.

  This embossing can be provided in any suitable manner. Suitable embossing methods include, but are not limited to, the stiffness-to-elasticity method and the stiffness-to-rigidity method described in the previous section. When a precursor nonwoven material or nonwoven web material 30 with a deformation in itself is embossed, the embossing can be placed in place with respect to the deformation. That is, the embossment can be aligned for deformation. In other embodiments, the embossments can be randomly placed relative to the deformation.

B. Optional bonding process.
1. A portion of the deformed nonwoven material is bonded together.
a) Tip adhesion of the deformed nonwoven material.
One optional gluing step involves gluing together a portion of the deformed nonwoven material 30 at the tip or distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 (“tip gluing”). If the deformed nonwoven material 30 is a single layer material, this process bonds the fibers in the layer together at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32. If the deformed nonwoven material 30 is a two-layer or multi-layer nonwoven material, this step bonds the fibers together at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 and further the fibers in each layer at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32. Glue together.

  FIG. 28 shows one embodiment of an apparatus 100 for deforming a nonwoven material, which includes an additional adhesive roll 150 for tip bonding the deformed nonwoven material 30. As shown in FIG. 28, the precursor web 30 ′ is fed into a deformation nip 106 between the first forming roll 102 and the second forming roll 104. After exiting the deformation nip 106, the deformed web 30 partially wraps around the first forming roll (male roll) 102. The deformed web 30 can be held on the first forming roll 102 using a vacuum, a pressure belt, or other mechanism. The web 30 passes through the second nip 156 between the male roll 102 and the additional adhesive roll 150 while still in contact with the male roll 102. An additional adhesive roll 150 compresses the fibers at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 enough to partially melt and bond the fibers together at this location. The adhesive roll 150 may be heated to promote adhesion. Alternatively, ultrasound can be used to promote adhesion. In the case of at least some of the precursor materials described herein, the material is used when the surface temperature of the adhesive roll 150 is between about 50 ° C. (about 120 ° F.) and about 130 ° C. (about 270 ° F.). Can be glued together. Upon exiting the second nip 156, the web can wrap around the adhesive roll 150 as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 29, this forms the protrusion 32 and the layers are glued together at the top surface (or distal end 54) of the protrusion 32. Thereby, the tip adhesion portion 152 is formed. The tip bond portion 152 (and the bond formed by any other post bonding process described herein) often has dimensions (i.e., more than the hot spot bond that may be present in a spunbond nonwoven layer). May be large), and / or different in shape and position. Post-deformation bond sites are typically registered for deformation in the deformed nonwoven, while hot spot bonding is provided in a separate pattern in the spunbond precursor web. This adhesion can result in a more translucent (film-like) adhesion portion 152. The deformed material 30 results in a color that is visible primarily through the translucent adhesive portion 152 and can make the protrusion 32 stand out.

  Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that bonding the layers together at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 can provide advantages, which include the following points: These include: 1) increased depth perception of the base opening when the base opening 44 is facing the consumer, 2) improved dryness (the base opening 44 is on the consumer side) Fluid stagnation at the bottom of the protrusion is reduced when facing), and 3) the need to glue or adhere the layers of the two-layer or multi-layer precursor web together is reduced or eliminated. .

b) Base adhesion of the deformed nonwoven material.
Another optional gluing step involves gluing together a portion of the deformed nonwoven material 30 together at the base bonding site of the undeformed first region 40 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 ("" Base bonding "). If the deformed nonwoven material 30 is a single layer material, this step bonds together the fibers of the layers in the undeformed first region 40 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32. If the deformed nonwoven material 30 is a two-layer or multi-layer nonwoven material, this step bonds the fibers in the undeformed first region 40 outside the base of the protrusion 32 together, and further The fibers in each layer in the undeformed first region 40 outside the base are glued together.

  FIG. 32 shows one embodiment of an apparatus 100 for deforming a nonwoven material, which includes an additional adhesive roll 160 for base bonding the deformed nonwoven material 30. In FIG. 32, the positions of the first and second forming rolls 102 and 104 are reversed, and the female roll 104 is disposed on the male roll 102. However, in other embodiments, the male roll 102 may be the upper side, as shown above in the tip adhesive roll arrangement. The precursor web 30 ′ is fed into a deformation nip 106 between the first forming roll 102 and the second forming roll 104. After exiting the deformation nip 106, the deformed web 30 partially wraps around the second forming roll (female roll) 104. The deformed web 30 can be held on the second forming roll 104 using a vacuum, a presser belt, or other mechanism. The web 30 passes through the second nip 166 between the female roll 104 and the additional adhesive roll 160 while still in contact with the female roll 104. An additional adhesive roll 160 compresses the fibers in the undeformed first region 40 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 to an extent sufficient to partially melt and bond the fibers together at this location. The adhesive roll can be heated to promote adhesion in at least some cases of the precursor materials described herein. Ultrasound can also be used to promote adhesion. Upon exiting the second nip 166, the web may wrap around the adhesive roll 160 as shown in FIG. 32 or wrap around the female roll 104.

  There are many variations in the roll configuration of this bonding process. The surface of the adhesive roll 160 may be substantially smooth. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 35C, it may have a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 162 protruding from the surface. A portion of the surface 124 of the female roll 104 located outside the recess 114 of the female roll 104 may also be substantially smooth or have a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 164 protruding from the surface 124. Can do. The adhesive element 164 on the surface 124 of the female roll 104 may be a separate and spaced adhesive element 164 as shown in FIG. 35A, or it may be a continuous adhesive element 164 as shown in FIG. 35B. .

  In the case where the surface of the adhesive roll 160 is substantially smooth, the base adhesive site 168 may be at least substantially continuous and substantially or completely surround the deformation of the web 30. FIG. 33A shows a web having a continuous base bond site 168. FIG. 33B is a cross-sectional view of the web shown in FIG. 33A.

  As shown in FIG. 34, in the case where the adhesive roll 160 or the female roll 104 each have a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 162 and 164 protruding from each surface, the adhesive element is a deformation of the base 50 of the protrusion 32. Only the separated and separated regions in the first region 40 that are not bonded are bonded. In such cases, the base bond 168 may be located on at least two separate portions of the first region 40 that are adjacent to the outside of at least some deformation. In other words, in such a case, there may be at least two base adhesion sites 168 for a given deformation.

c) Tip and base adhesion.
In another embodiment, the deformed nonwoven material 30 can be bonded at both the tip and base. This can be achieved with a process combination of the processes shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 40 shows one embodiment of an apparatus 100 for performing such a process. Rolls 102, 104, and 150 constitute the tip adhesive portion of the device, which is similar to the device shown in FIG. 40 differs in that the precursor web 30 ′ is fed into the deformation nip 106 from the right side rather than from the left side of FIG. Rather, it is shown as wrapping around the male roll 102. Thus, the description of this portion of the apparatus incorporates the above description of the apparatus shown in FIG. 28 and will not be repeated herein in its entirety.

  The apparatus shown in FIG. 40 further includes a second female roll 104A and a base adhesive roll 160. The male roll 102, the second female roll 104A, and the base adhesive roll 160 constitute the base adhesive portion of the apparatus, which is similar to the apparatus shown in FIG. 40 is different in that the deformed and bonded web 30 is shown as wrapping around the second female roll 104A rather than the base adhesive roll 160 after exiting the device in FIG. is there. Therefore, the description of this portion of the apparatus incorporates the above description of the apparatus shown in FIG. 32 and will not be repeated throughout.

  As shown in FIG. 40, the precursor web 30 ′ is fed into a deformation nip 106 between the first forming roll 102 and the second forming roll 104. After exiting the deformation nip 106, the deformed web 30 partially wraps around the first forming roll (male roll) 102. The web 30 passes through the second nip 156 between the male roll 102 and the additional adhesive roll 150 while still in contact with the male roll 102. An additional adhesive roll 150 compresses the fibers at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 enough to partially melt and bond the fibers together at this location. Heat and / or ultrasound can also be used to promote adhesion. As shown in FIG. 29, this forms a protrusion 32, and the deformed nonwoven material 30 is bonded together at the top surface (or distal end 54) of the protrusion 32. The deformed and tip bonded web 30 then passes between the male roll 102 and the second female roll 104A. Thereafter, the deformed and tip bonded web 30 partially wraps around the second female roll 104A. The web 30 passes through the second nip 166 between the second female roll 104A and the additional adhesive roll 160 while still in contact with the second female roll 104A. An additional adhesive roll 160 compresses the fibers in the undeformed first region 40 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 to an extent sufficient to partially melt and bond the fibers together at this location. Heat and / or ultrasound can also be used to promote adhesion. This provides a tip bonded web with a base bond 168 that may be continuous as shown in FIG. 33A or separated as shown in FIG.

2. Adhere the nonwoven material to another layer.
In other embodiments, the deformed nonwoven material can be bonded to another material to form a composite web or sheet. As used herein, the term “sheet” refers to a portion of a web (eg, a separate length) that has been cut into individual pieces from the web, typically as the final step in the manufacturing process. Thus, the properties described herein as present on the composite web also exist on the composite sheet. The components of the composite sheet can be described as being “partially bonded” together. This means that the components are glued together at a specific location on their surface, not together across the entire surface. The components of the composite sheet in any embodiment described herein can be bonded together using any suitable type of bonding process, including ultrasonic, adhesive, and thermal And / or pressure, or a combination thereof.

a) Tip adhesion.
In some embodiments, the deformed nonwoven material is bonded to another material and the layers are adhered together at the top surface or distal end 54 of the deformed nonwoven material protrusion 32, A composite web or sheet can be formed.

  FIG. 30 shows one embodiment of an apparatus 100 similar to that shown in FIG. The apparatus shown in FIG. 30 deforms the nonwoven material and further includes an additional adhesive roll 150. In this embodiment, the adhesive roll 150 is used to adhere the deformed nonwoven material 30 to the additional layer 158 at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 of the deformed nonwoven material 30. As shown in FIG. 30, the additional adhesive roll 150 is located downstream of the deformation nip 106, which is the first nip. The adhesive roll 150 can have any suitable surface shape. In some embodiments, the surface of the adhesive roll 150 may be substantially smooth. In other cases, the adhesive roll 150 may have a plurality of adhesive elements 154 that protrude from the surface of the adhesive roll 150. The second nip 156 is formed between the male roll 102 and the adhesive roll 150.

  A non-woven web including the first web 30 and a second non-woven web 170 with deformations in itself are fed to the second nip 156. As the transition to the second nip 156 occurs, the deformed web 30 can be held on the first forming roll 102 using a vacuum, a presser belt, or other mechanism. The nonwoven web 30 with deformations within itself can be a single layer nonwoven web, or a two-layer or multilayer nonwoven web. The second nonwoven web 170 may comprise any type of nonwoven web designated as suitable for use as a precursor web for nonwoven materials. However, the second nonwoven web 170 need not be deformed as in the case of the first web 30, and can thus be substantially flat. In some embodiments, at least one of the first web 30 and the second web 170 comprises a spunbond nonwoven having an adhesive site 46 separated within itself. The first web 30 may have any of the properties of the deformed nonwoven material described herein (eg, one or more layers, bulbous protrusions, bonding sites, different fiber densities). Etc.) The adhesive roll 150 may have any other properties (heated or unheated) and adhesive aspects (compressed and / or melted) in the tip bonding process described above. In addition, an adhesive can be applied to the second nonwoven web 170 prior to the second nip 156 to promote adhesion.

  The second nip 156 bonds at least a portion of the distal end 54 of the protrusion of the first web 30 to the second web 170 to form a tip bonded composite web 172 in which the first and first The two webs are bonded together at the web-to-web bonding site 174. The first web 30 has a first region 40 that can be regarded as having an X-direction orientation (which can be a machine direction), a Y-direction orientation (which can be a cross-machine direction), and outward therefrom in the Z direction. And a projecting portion 32 extending to the surface. The inter-web adhesion sites 174 are spaced apart in the X and Y directions so that the composite web 172 has unbonded areas between all directions of the inter-web adhesion sites 174. This is different from corrugated material, which typically is in contact with and adhered to the second layer along the length of the corrugation, rather than a separate bond site.

  The inter-web adhesion part 174 includes an adhesion part of the protrusion 32. In some embodiments, the adhesive portion 174 of the protrusion 32 can include fibers that are filled more densely than the fibers in the first region 40 of the first web or sheet 30. In some cases, at least some of the fibers of the adhesive portion 174 of the protrusion 32 can be melted. When the surface of the adhesive roll 150 is substantially smooth, the web-to-web adhesion site 174 is formed substantially over the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 of the first web 30. In the case where the adhesive roll 150 has a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 154 protruding from the surface of the adhesive roll 150, the adhesive element 154 is only a portion of the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 of the first web 30. Glue. In some cases, the web-to-web adhesion site 174 can be formed in 25% or less of the area of the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32.

  By forming the composite sheet by adhering the deformed nonwoven material 30 to another layer or material, it is believed that the elasticity of the deformed web material 30 to the compressive force is improved.

b) Base adhesion.
In yet another embodiment, the deformed nonwoven material 30 is bonded to another material to form a composite sheet by gluing the layers together at the base of the deformed nonwoven material protrusion. Can do. The layers of the composite sheet can be bonded together using any suitable type of bonding process, including ultrasonic, adhesive, and heat and / or pressure, or combinations thereof. It is not limited to these.

  FIG. 35 shows one embodiment of an apparatus 100 for deforming a nonwoven material, which adds the deformed nonwoven material 30 to the outside of the base 50 of the protrusion 32 of the deformed nonwoven material 30. An additional adhesive roll 160 is included for adhering to the layer. As shown in FIG. 35, the additional adhesive roll 160 is located on the downstream side of the first nip 106. The second nip 166 is formed between the female roll 104 and the adhesive roll 160.

  A non-woven web 30 comprising a first sheet and a second non-woven web 180 with a deformation in itself is fed to the second nip 166. In transitioning to the second nip 166, this deformed web 30 can be held on the female roll 104 using a vacuum, a hold-down belt, or other mechanism. The nonwoven web 30 with deformations within itself can be a single layer nonwoven web, or a two-layer or multilayer nonwoven web. The second nonwoven web 180 may comprise any type of nonwoven web designated as suitable for use as a precursor web for nonwoven materials, as described above (for deformed nonwovens for additional layers). It may have any of the characteristics of the second nonwoven web 170 in the tip bonding process.

  The second nip 166 adheres at least a portion of the deformed nonwoven web 30 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 of the first web 30 to the second web 180 to provide a base bonded composite web or sheet. 182, in which the first and second webs are bonded together at an inter-web bonding site 184. As with the tip bonding process, the web-to-web bonding sites 184 are spaced apart in the X and Y directions.

  The inter-web adhesion site 184 includes an adhesive portion at the base 50 of the protrusion 32 in the first region 40 of the first web 30 outside the deformation to form a base-bonded composite web 182. In some embodiments, the base adhesive portion 184 can include fibers that are filled more densely than the fibers in the first region 40 of the first web 30. In some cases, at least some of the fibers of the base bonded portion 184 of the first web 30 can be melted.

  There are many variations in the roll configuration of this bonding process. The surface of the adhesive roll 160 may be substantially smooth. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 35 and 35C, it may have a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 162 protruding from the surface. A portion of the surface 124 of the female roll 104 located outside the recess 114 of the female roll 104 may also be substantially smooth or have a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 164 protruding from the surface 124. Can do. The adhesive element 164 on the surface 124 of the female roll 104 may be a separate and spaced adhesive element 164 as shown in FIG. 35A, or it may be a continuous adhesive element 164 as shown in FIG. 35B. .

  When the surface of the adhesive roll 160 is substantially smooth, the web-to-web adhesion site 184 is at least substantially continuous and substantially deforms the first web 30 as does the base adhesion site 168 shown in FIG. 33A. Or it can be completely surrounded.

  In the case where each of the adhesive roll 160 or female roll 104 has a plurality of separate and spaced adhesive elements 162 and 164 projecting from each surface, the adhesive elements are separated and spaced areas of the first web 30 (which are deformed). Only on the second web 180. In such cases, the web-to-web bond 184 may be located on at least two separate portions of the first region 40 that are adjacent to the outside of at least some deformation. Thus, in such a case, there may be at least two inter-web base bond sites 184 for a given deformation similar to the base bond site 168, as shown in FIG.

c) Tip and base adhesion.
In other embodiments, the deformed nonwoven material 30 can be tip bonded or base bonded as described above and further bonded to another material to form a composite web or sheet.

  FIG. 41 shows one embodiment of an apparatus 100 that performs a tip bonding process, where the tip bonded deformed nonwoven web 30 is then base bonded to another material to form a composite web or sheet. . The apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 41 is similar to the apparatus shown in FIG. 41 differs from the device of FIG. 40 in that an additional layer 180 is supplied to the device and adhered to the deformed nonwoven material 30 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 of the deformed nonwoven material 30. It is a point. This embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 41 (providing additional layers for base bonding) is similar to that shown in FIG. Therefore, the description of the apparatus shown in FIG. 41 incorporates the above description of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 35 and 40 and is not repeated herein in its entirety.

  As shown in FIG. 41, the precursor web 30 ′ is fed into a deformation nip 106 between the first forming roll 102 and the second forming roll 104. After exiting the deformation nip 106, the deformed web 30 partially wraps around the first forming roll (male roll) 102. The web 30 passes through the second nip 156 between the male roll 102 and the additional adhesive roll 150 while still in contact with the male roll 102. An additional adhesive roll 150 compresses the fibers at the distal end 54 of the protrusion 32 enough to partially melt and bond the fibers together at this location. As shown in FIG. 29, this forms a protrusion 32, and the deformed nonwoven material 30 is bonded together at the top surface (or distal end 54) of the protrusion 32. The deformed and tip bonded web 30 then passes between the male roll 102 and the second female roll 104A. Thereafter, the deformed and tip bonded web 30 partially wraps around the second female roll 104A. The web 30 passes through the second nip 166 between the second female roll 104A and the additional adhesive roll 160 while still in contact with the second female roll 104A. The second nip 166 adheres at least a portion of the deformed nonwoven web 30 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 of the first web 30 to the second web 180 to provide a base bonded composite web or sheet. 182, in which the first and second webs are bonded together at an inter-web bonding site 184. The inter-web base bond 184 may be continuous, similar to the base bond 168 shown in FIG. 33A, or may be separated similar to the base bond 168 shown in FIG.

  FIG. 42 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus 100 that performs a base bonding process, where the base bonded deformed nonwoven web 30 is then tip bonded to another material to form a composite web or sheet. .

  The rolls 102, 104, and 160 shown in FIG. 42 constitute the base bonded portion of the device, which is similar to the device shown in FIG. 42 differs in that the precursor web 30 ′ is fed into the deformation nip 106 from the right side rather than from the left side, and the deformed web 30, after exiting the deformation nip 106, is female rather than the adhesive roll 160. It is shown as partially enclosing the roll 102. Therefore, the description of this portion of the apparatus incorporates the above description of the apparatus shown in FIG. 32 and will not be repeated throughout.

  The apparatus shown in FIG. 42 further includes a second male roll 102A and a tip adhesive roll 150. The female roll 104, the second male roll 102A, and the tip adhesive roll 150 constitute the tip adhesive portion of the apparatus, which is the same as the apparatus shown in FIG. 42 differs in that the deformed and bonded web 30 is shown as wrapping around the second male roll 102A rather than the tip adhesive roll 150 after exiting the device in FIG. is there. Thus, the description of this portion of the apparatus incorporates the above description of the apparatus shown in FIG. 30, and is not repeated herein in its entirety.

  As shown in FIG. 42, the precursor web 30 ′ is fed into a deformation nip 106 between the first forming roll 102 and the second forming roll 104. After exiting the deformation nip 106, the deformed web 30 partially wraps around the second forming roll (female roll) 104. In order to base-bond the deformed nonwoven material 30, the web 30 passes through the second nip 166 between the female roll 104 and the additional adhesive roll 160 while still in contact with the female roll 104. An additional adhesive roll 160 compresses the fibers in the undeformed first region 40 outside the base 50 of the protrusion 32 to an extent sufficient to partially melt and bond the fibers together at this location. This provides a base bonded web with a base bond 168 that may be continuous, similar to that shown in FIG. 33A, or separated as shown in FIG. The deformed and base bonded web 30 then passes between the female roll 104 and the second male roll 102A. Thereafter, the deformed and base bonded web 30 partially wraps around the second female roll 104A. The web 30 passes through the second nip 156 between the second male roll 102A and the additional adhesive roll 150 while remaining in contact with the second male roll 102A.

  At the second nip 156, an additional layer 170 is fed into the device and adhered to the deformed nonwoven material 30 at the top surface (or distal end 54) of the protrusion 32. This forms a composite web or sheet 172 similar to that shown in FIG. 31, including the base bonded and deformed web 30 with the tip bonded to the second web 170.

V. Test method:
A. Accelerated compression method.
1. 10 specimen samples to be tested and 11 paper towels are cut into 7.6 cm × 7.6 cm (3 inch × 3 inch) squares.
2. Using a Thwing-Albert ProGage thickness gauge or equivalent equipped with a 50-60 millimeter diameter circular leg, the thickness of each of the 10 samples is measured at 2.1 kPa, residence time 2 seconds. Alternatively, a pressure of 0.5 kPa can be used. Record the thickness before compression to the nearest 0.01 mm.
3. Samples to be tested and paper towel strips are alternately stacked so that the first and last are paper towels. The choice of paper towel is not a problem and this is used to prevent the protrusions of the sample under deformation from being “nested”. The sample should be oriented so that the edges of each sample and each paper towel are relatively aligned, and all protrusions of the sample are in the same direction.
4). Place the sample stack in an oven at 40 ± 2 ° C. and 25 ± 3% relative humidity and place a weight on the stack. This weight must be larger than the bottom area of the thickness gauge. As a simulation for high pressure or low stack height in the bag, 35 kPa is applied (eg 17.5 kg weight for 70 × 70 mm area). As a simulation for low pressure or high stack height in the bag, 7.0 kPa (eg, 3.4 kg weight for 70 × 70 mm area), 4.0 kPa (eg, 70 × 70 mm area) 1.9 kg weight), or 1.0 kPa (for example, 0.49 kg weight for an area of 70 × 70 mm) is applied.
5. Place the sample in the furnace for 15 hours. When time has elapsed, remove the weight from the sample and remove the sample from the furnace.
6). Within 30 minutes after removing the sample from the furnace, the thickness after compression is measured as shown in step 2 above. At this time, the same order as when the thickness before compression is recorded is maintained. The compressed thickness of each of the 10 samples is recorded in units of 0.01 mm.
7). The sample is left undisturbed at 23 ± 2 ° C. and a relative humidity of 25 ± 3% for 24 hours.
8. After 24 hours, as shown in Step 2 above, measure the recovered thickness of each of the 10 samples. At this time, the same order as when recording the thickness before and after compression is maintained. The recovered thickness of each of the 10 samples is recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm. The amount of thickness recovery is calculated by subtracting the thickness after compression from the thickness after recovery and recorded in units of 0.01 mm.
9. If desired, the average of 10 samples can be calculated for thickness before compression, after compression, and after recovery.

B. Tensile Method MD and CD tensile properties were measured using World Strategic Partners (WSP) (coordination of two non-woven fabric structures of INDA (North America) and EDANA (Europe)), using Tensile Inspection Method 110.4 (05) Option B. It is measured at a width of 50 mm, a gauge length of 60 mm, and a stretching speed of 60 mm / min. Note that the gauge length, stretch rate, and resulting strain rate are different from those specified for this method.

C. Surface Texture Characterization Method The microscopic surface texture of the male element is a 3D laser scanning confocal microscope (a suitable 3D laser scanning confocal microscope is available from Keyence VK-, commercially available from Keyence Corporation of America (Itasca, IL, USA)). X210). This microscope is a measurement, control and surface texture analysis software (suitable software is Keyence VK Viewer version 2.2.0.0 and Keyence VK Analyzer version available from Keyence Corporation of America (Itasca, IL, USA). 3.3.0.0) is connected to a running computer.

  The 3D surface laser scanning confocal microscope measures the surface height of the sample and generates a map of the surface height (Z direction or Z axis) relative to the displacement of the XY plane. The surface map is then analyzed according to ISO 25178-2: 2012, from which the area surface texture parameters Sq, Sxp, Str and Vmp are calculated. These parameters represent the main characteristics of the male element surface.

  Using a 20X objective, 1.0X zoom level, 0.50 μm pitch (Z step size), with a field of view of at least 500 μm × 700 μm, with an XY pixel resolution of about 0.7 micrometers (μm) / pixel, The microscope is programmed to acquire a surface height image. If a larger field of view is required, multiple scans can be collected over the entire surface while maintaining XY resolution, and the images can be stitched together into a single image for analysis. The height resolution is set to 0.1 nm / digit over a sufficient height range to capture all peaks and valleys in the field of view.

  Calibrate the tester according to the manufacturer's specifications.

  Place the male element sample on the stage below the objective lens. Collect the surface height image (Z direction) of the sample according to the test manufacturer's recommended measurement procedure. This procedure may include using the following settings to minimize noise and maximize the quality of the surface data: Real Peak Detection, Single / Dual Scan, Surface Shape Mode, Standard Area, Laser intensity (brightness and ND filter) setting using high precision quality and automatic gain. Save the surface height image.

  Open the surface height image with surface texture analysis software. ISO 25178-2: 2012 describes a recommended filter process. Therefore, the following filtering procedure is performed for each image: 1) Gaussian low pass S filter, nesting index (cutoff) is 2.5 μm, 2) Plane tilt (automatic) correction F operation, 3) Gaussian high pass L filter The nesting index (cutoff) is 0.25 mm. Both Gaussian filters are performed using end effect correction. This filtering procedure produces an SL surface from which area surface texture parameters are calculated.

  The entire measurement field is selected and the area surface roughness parameter of this SL surface is calculated.

The surface texture parameters Sq, Sxp, Str and Vmp are described in ISO 25178-2: 2012. Sq is the root mean square of the shape height of the roughness surface. The unit of Sq is μm. The parameters Sxp and Vmp are derived from the area material ratio (Abbott-Firestone) curve described in the ISO 13565-2: 1996 standard extrapolated to the surface, which is a surface height distribution histogram for the surface height range. Is a cumulative curve. The material ratio is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the surface passing through the surface at a given height to the cross-sectional area of the evaluation area, expressed in%. The peak ultimate height Sxp is a measured value of the height difference on the surface from the area material ratio value of 2.5% (excluding the highest peak and outlier) to the area material ratio value of 50% (average surface). The unit of Sxp is μm. The peak material value Vmp is the actual amount of material including the surface from a height corresponding to a material ratio value of 10% to the highest peak (material ratio 0%). The unit of Vmp is mL / m ² . The texture aspect ratio Str is a measure of the spatial isotropic or directivity of the surface texture. Str is a spatial parameter and involves the use of a mathematical technique of automatic correction function. The Str parameter is a value in the range of 0 to 1 and has no unit. An isotropic surface has a Str close to 1 and a highly anisotropic surface has a Str close to 0. Str is calculated using a threshold of s = 0.2. If the Str value cannot be calculated, the sample is rotated 30 degrees and scanned again, and the surface is reanalyzed.

A surface texture scan and analysis is performed on three replicate samples of the male element. The three Sq values are averaged together and reported in units of 0.01 μm. The three Sxp values are averaged together and reported in units of 0.01 μm. Three combined Vmp values were averaged and reported in units of 0.01 mL / m ^2. The three Str values are averaged together and reported in units of 0.01.

D. Optical transparency.
In the light transmission method of the feature shape and land area, the average amount of light transmitted through a specific region of the sample is measured. A flatbed scanner is used to obtain a calibrated light transmissive image. A binary mask is generated using the corresponding surface topography image, which is a given height threshold for separating the separated feature region from the surrounding land area. The binary mask is then aligned with the light transmissive image and used to identify separated feature shapes from the land areas in the light transmissive image. Thereby, the average light transmittance value of each region can be calculated.

Sample Preparation-Topsheet / Lower Layer Laminate The absorbent article is taped to a rigid flat surface in a flat shape with the body facing surface up. If there is a leg rubber part, it can be cut out to make the article easier to stretch flat. A sample of the entire topsheet / lower layer (eg acquisition layer) laminate is carefully removed from the article. If necessary, remove the sample from the additional lower layer using a knife and / or a freezing spray (eg, Cyto-Freeze from Control Company (Houston, TX, USA)) so that the sample is longitudinal and transverse Do not stretch. The topsheet / lower layer laminate sample should be handled with tweezers only at the periphery. When the top sheet is not bonded to the lower layer, only the top sheet layer is carefully removed as a sample.

  A 40 mm × 40 mm square is specified by aligning the center with the center line in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the sample and parallel to a plurality of sides. Alignment marks are placed on the surface of the sample by placing small dots with black markers at the four corners of the specified 40 mm × 40 mm square analysis region. Similarly, the second and third 40 mm × 40 mm square analysis areas are identified and marked. The second region is centered along the 50mm longitudinal centerline, inward from the leading edge of the topsheet / lower layer laminate, and the third region is the trailing edge of the topsheet / lower layer laminate Inwardly centered along a 50 mm longitudinal centerline. Depending on the length of the sample, the identified regions may overlap one another. In that case, the entire of each of the three areas is analyzed according to the described procedure. If the topsheet is not bonded to the lower layer, three 40mm x 40mm analysis areas are similarly identified and marked, but using the leading and trailing edges of the topsheet, the second and third Locate the analysis area.

  Five replicate samples of the topsheet / lower layer laminate are obtained from five substantially similar absorbent articles and similarly prepared for analysis. Samples are preconditioned at about 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and about 50% ± 2% relative humidity for about 2 hours prior to testing.

Light transmissive image The color difference (delta E ^* ) measurement is based on the CIE L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIELAB). A flatbed scanner capable of scanning a minimum of 24-bit color at 800 dpi and having manual control of color management (preferred scanner is Epson Perfection manufactured by Epson America Inc. (Long Beach, CA, USA). Acquire images using V750 Pro). The scanner is connected to computer-operated color management software (a preferred color management software is Monaco EZColor available from X-Rite (Grand Rapids, MI, USA)). The scanner uses color management software to calibrate against a color transmission target and a corresponding reference file according to ANSI method IT8.7 / 1-1993 to build a calibrated color profile. An image analysis program that supports sampling in CIE L ^* a ^* b ^* using a calibrated scanner profile (the preferred program is Photoshop S4 available from Adobe Systems Inc. (San Jose, Calif., USA)). The color correction of the image obtained from the test sample is performed. All tests are performed in a humidity chamber maintained at about 23 ± 2 ° C. and about 50 ± 2% relative humidity.

  Turn on the scanner for 30 minutes before calibration. If there are automatic color correction or color management options that can be included in the scanner software, deselect these. If automatic color management cannot be disabled, the scanner is unsuitable for this application. Place the IT8 target face down on the scanner glass, close the scanner lid, acquire a 24-bit color image at 200 dpi, and remove the IT8 target. Open the image file with your computer's color management software. Create and export a calibrated color profile according to the recommended procedure for color management software. This procedure may include verifying that the scanned image is correctly oriented and cropped correctly. The calibrated color profile must be compatible with the image analysis program. The color management software uses this acquired image and compares it with the included reference file to create and export a calibrated color profile. After the profile is created, the scan resolution (dpi) of the test sample can be changed, but all other settings need to be kept constant during sample imaging.

Open the scanner lid and place the sample flat on the scanner glass with the skin-facing surface facing the glass. A 40 mm × 40 m area marked on the sample is scanned in 24-bit color, 800 dpi, transparent mode and imported into image analysis software. Transparent mode illuminates the sample from one side of the sensor and acquires an image on the other side. Each of the four alignment marks is positioned at the four corners of the scanned image. A calibrated color profile is assigned to the image, and the color space mode is changed to L ^* a ^* b ^* Color corresponding to the CIE L ^* a ^* b ^* standard. As a result, a color-corrected image is generated for analysis. The color-corrected image is saved in an uncompressed format (TIFF file or the like).

Feature Shape Area and Land Area Mask The boundary between the separated feature shape area and land area is identified by dividing the 3D surface topography image by a specified height threshold to generate a binary image and separate feature shape Distinguish between areas and surrounding land areas. Using this binary image as a mask for the corresponding light transmissive image, the average light transmissive value of the separated feature region is measured separately from the average light transmissive value of the surrounding land area.

  3D surface topography images are acquired using an optical 3D surface topography measurement system (a suitable optical 3D surface topography measurement system is available from GFM MicroCAD, commercially available from GFMestechnik GmbH, Telto / Berlin, Germany). Premium device). The system includes the following main components: a) a digital light processing (DLP) projector with a direct digitally controlled micromirror, b) a CCD camera with a resolution of 1600 × 1200 pixels or higher, c) at least 60 mm. Projection optical system corresponding to a measurement area of 45 mm, d) recording optical system corresponding to a measurement area of 60 mm x 45 mm, e) table tripod using a small hard stone plate, f) blue LED light source, g) measurement and control And computer-operated surface topography analysis software for evaluation (a preferred software is ODSCAD software, version 6.2, commercially available from GF Messtechnik GmbH, Telto / Berlin, Germany). h) Calibration plates for lateral (xy) and vertical (z) calibration available from the manufacturer.

  The optical 3D surface topography measurement system measures the surface height of the sample using a digital micromirror pattern fringe projection technique. The result of the analysis is a map of the surface height (z direction or z axis) versus displacement in the xy plane. This system has a 60 × 45 mm field of view with an xy pixel resolution of about 40 micrometers. The height resolution is set to 0.5 micrometers / piece, and the height range is set to +/− 15 mm. All tests are performed in a humidity chamber maintained at about 23 ± 2 ° C. and a relative humidity of about 50 ± 2%.

  Calibrate the instrument for horizontal (xy axis) and vertical (z axis) using calibration plates available from vendors according to manufacturer's specifications.

  Place the sample on the table under the camera. The 40 mm x 40 mm analysis area of the marked sample is centered within the camera field of view so that only the sample surface is visible in the image. Place a steel frame (100mm square, 1.5mm thickness, 70mm square opening) on the sample to flatten it with minimal wrinkling of the sample, and at the same time, in the surface area to be scanned, To provide no access.

  Collect the sample height image (Z direction) according to the manufacturer's recommended measurement procedure. This procedure may include focusing the measurement system and performing brightness adjustment. Do not use the pre-filtering option. Save the collected height image file.

  The height image is captured in the surface analysis portion of the software. The following filtering procedure is performed on each image: 1) remove invalid points, 2) remove noise using a 3 × 3 pixel median filter, 4) perform automatic planar alignment to form 3) Apply a Gaussian high-pass filter with a cut-off wavelength of 10 mm to exclude large sample waveforms. The image is cropped into a 40 mm × 40 mm square area designated by the alignment mark so that each of the four alignment marks is positioned at the four corners of the cropped image.

  The threshold height level is determined using an Abbott-Firestone curve described in the ISO 13565-2: 1996 standard extrapolated to the surface. This is a cumulative curve of the surface height distribution histogram for the surface height range. The material ratio is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the surface passing through the surface at a given height (cutting depth) to the cross-sectional area of the evaluation area, and is expressed in%. If the sample contains a separate feature that is a depression facing down on the body-facing surface or contains a hole, the surface topography image sets a threshold with a cutting depth that results in a material ratio of 75% To do. With a material ratio of 75%, deep valleys and land area regions are separated. If the sample contains separate features that are upward protrusions or tufts, the surface topography image sets a threshold at the cutting depth that results in a material ratio of 25%. At a material ratio of 25%, the protruding peak and the land area region are separated. By setting the threshold at the above level, a binary mask image is generated, the separated feature shape region is assigned to one value, and the surrounding land area is assigned to another value. For example, the separated feature shape region can be displayed in black, and the surrounding land area can be displayed in white. This binary mask image is stored in an uncompressed format (TIFF file or the like).

Analysis of light transmissive image Both the light corrected light transmissive image and the corresponding binary mask image are opened with image analysis software. To analyze a light transmissive image of a sample, first separate the L ^* , a ^* , b ^* channels and select only the L ^* channel for analysis. The L ^* channel represents the “brightness” of the image and has a value in the range of 0-100. The light transmissive image and the binary mask image are aligned with each other so that the corresponding alignment marks are aligned. A land area is removed from the light transmissive image using a mask, and an average L ^* value (light transmissive value) is calculated for the remaining separated feature shapes. This value is recorded in 0.1 units as the light transmission value of the feature shape. Next, using the binary mask, the feature shape region separated from the light transmissive image is removed, and an average L ^* value (light transmissive value) is calculated for the remaining surrounding land area. This value is recorded in 0.1 units as the light transmission value of the land area. This procedure is repeated for the other two areas of the sample. For a single sample, the difference between the light transmission value of the feature shape and the light transmission value of the land area is calculated for each of the three analysis regions. The three differences are compared, and in the 40 mm × 40 mm analysis region, the light transmittance value of the feature having the largest difference and the light transmittance value of the land area are identified, and the values are discarded, and the other two Leave one area. Similarly, repeat this procedure for all replicate samples. The average of the light transmission values of the five individual features and the light transmission values of the land areas is calculated and reported in 0.1 units.

Comparative Example 1
In Comparative Example 1, the material is a composite material obtained by bonding two materials. H. for adhesion B. Fuller (St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) D3166ZP hot melt adhesive was used and applied in a spiral pattern at an add-on level of 1 gsm. This composite material is 7.6 meters per minute (25 feet per minute (fpm)) at a DOE of 3.43 mm (0.135 "), as described in US Pat. No. 7,410,683 B2 (Curro et al.). The material layer in contact with the SELF roll is manufactured by Fitesa (Simpsonville, SC, USA). Such a material is described in Fitesa US Patent Application No. 14 / 206,699 “Extensible Nonwoven Fabric” and includes a 2.5 denier blend of PP and PE. Made of fiber. The material layer in contact with the ring roll is a 43 gsm spunbond nonwoven manufactured by Reicofil (Troisdorf, Germany) and consists of 7 denier co-PET / PET tip trilobal bicomponent fibers.

Example 1. Single Layer In Example 1, the material is a 50 gram / m ² (gsm) PE / PP sheath / core bicomponent spunbond nonwoven obtained from Fitesa. This is threaded through a male / female mold (former) with an engagement (DOE) of 7.6 meters (25 fpm) per minute and a depth of 3.94 mm (0.155 inches). The teeth of the male mold had a rounded diamond shape as shown in FIG. 21 and vertical sidewalls, with rounded corners at the transition between the top surface and the sidewalls of the male element. Has an edge. The teeth are 4.72 mm (0.186 inches) long and 3.18 mm (0.125 inches) wide, with a CD spacing of 3.81 mm (0.150 inches) and an MD spacing of 8.79 mm (. 346 inches). The recess of the female roll to be fitted also has a rounded diamond shape similar to the male roll, and the clearance between the rolls slightly varies around the outer periphery of the recess, and is 0.813 to 1.6 mm (0. 032 to 0.063 inches).

Example 2.2 Layer In Example 2, the material is a composite of two materials bonded together by using the same hot melt adhesive applied in a spiral pattern as described in Comparative Example 1. is there. This is processed through the male / female mold described in Example 1 at 24.4 meters per minute (800 feet per minute (fpm)) and DOE 3.94 mm (0.155 inches). The material layer in contact with the male roll is a 20 gsm spunbonded non-woven fabric made by Fitesa consisting of 2.5 denier fibers of PP and PE blends described in Comparative Example 1. The material layer in contact with the female roll is a 60 gsm breathable bonded carded non-woven fabric made of 5 denier PE / PET sheath / core bicomponent fiber manufactured by Beijing Dayuyan Non-Woven Fabric Co, LTD (Beijing, China). is there.

Example 3.2 Layer In Example 3, the material is a composite of two materials bonded together by using the same hot melt adhesive applied in a spiral pattern as described in Comparative Example 1. is there. This is processed through the male / female mold described in Example 1 at 24.4 meters per minute (800 fpm) and DOE 3.94 mm (0.155 inch). The material layer in contact with the male roll is a 20 gsm spunbonded non-woven fabric made by Fitesa consisting of 2.5 denier fibers of the PP and PE blend described in Example 2. The material layer in contact with the female roll is an 86 gsm spunbond nonwoven manufactured by Reicofil and consists of 7 denier co-PET / PET tip trilobal bicomponent fibers.

  The sample is compressed for 15 hours under a load of 3.4 kg weight (7 kPa) according to the “accelerated compression method”. The thickness of the sample before and after compression is measured according to the “accelerated compression method” at a pressure of 2.1 kPa. The dimensions of the protrusion and the opening are measured using a microscope with a magnification of 20 times. The outer dimensions of the cap are measured in a perspective view with the protrusions facing up, as shown in FIG. The protrusion depth and inner cap width are measured on the material cross-section as shown in FIG.

^*測定値が小さすぎたため測定困難

^* Measurement is difficult because the measured value is too small

Example 4-Difference in light transmission value.
Figures 37-40 show images of several nonwoven topsheets formed by different processes. Each has separate features formed in the material.

  FIG. 37 shows the nonwoven material 30 described herein with the base opening 44 facing upwards (seen as a recess). Nonwoven material 30 includes two layers joined together to form a topsheet and a lower acquisition layer. These layers consist of a 25 gsm polyethylene / polypropylene bicomponent fiber topsheet layer and a 43 gsm spunbond PET capture layer that are bonded together with a 1 gsm helical adhesive pattern and are described herein. Threaded through the transformation process. The nonwoven material 30 includes a generally flat first region 40 and a plurality of separate integral second regions 42 that include spaced apart deformations (recesses) in the nonwoven material. The first region 40 may form an interconnected continuous network region, where a portion of the network structure surrounds each (depressed) deformation.

  The first region 40 has a first light transmission value, and the second region 42 has a second transmission value. These light transmission values are summarized in Table 3 below. The second light transmission value in the deformation is at least about 5 units greater, or at least about 9 units greater, or about 10 units greater than the first light transmission value. In this example, the fibers are not densified or fused, and doing so can result in higher light transmission values. The method of manufacturing a nonwoven web described herein creates this difference by rearranging the fibers in the web, resulting in a lower fiber density and thus higher light transmission at the bottom of the recess. A sex value is obtained. The deformation / second region 42 has a light transmission value of about 90 units or less, indicating that there are no through holes at the bottom of the deformation. (For comparison, FIG. 38 is a photograph of a perforated nonwoven material. The portion of the pore that is substantially free of fibers has a light transmission value of 95-100 units).

  The nonwoven material 30 described herein forms a deep “look” of pores (like the topsheet shown in FIG. 38), while providing an absorbent and dry appearance, while It is unique in that it lacks some of the drawbacks (technical and sensory) of the flexibility associated with the pores. By placing a colored layer under the nonwoven material 30 due to the increase in translucency at the deformed part, the color will be visible mainly through the recessed part, making the recessed part noticeable and in some cases deeper Can give an appearance.

  FIG. 39 is a photograph of a currently commercially available Kimberly-Clark HUGGIES® diaper topsheet 190 having an upwardly separated portion or tuft 192. In this example, the light transmission value of the separated portion 192 is opposite to the relationship for the nonwoven material of FIG. The light transmission value of the isolated portion 192 is at least about 5 units lower and more typically at least about 7 units lower than the continuous land area 194.

  The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Rather, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “90 °” shall mean “about 90 °”.

  It should be understood that any maximum numerical limit given throughout this specification will include any smaller numerical limits as if such lower numerical limits were explicitly set forth herein. Any minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include any larger numerical limitation as if such larger numerical limitation was explicitly set forth herein. All numerical ranges given throughout this specification are all narrower numerical ranges that fall within such wider numerical ranges, and all such narrow numerical ranges are explicitly described herein. Is included.

  All documents cited in the “Detailed Description of the Invention” are hereby incorporated by reference in the relevant part. Citation of any document should not be construed as an admission that it is prior art to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this specification conflicts with any meaning or definition of a term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition given to that term in this specification applies. Shall.

  While specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, all such changes and modifications included within the scope of this invention are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (11)

  A non-woven material having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the non-woven material includes a plurality of fibers, the non-woven material comprising a generally flat first region, wherein the non-woven material is the non-woven material of the non-woven material. And further comprising a plurality of separate integral second regions including a deformation forming a protrusion extending outwardly from the first surface and an opening in the second surface of the nonwoven material. Formed from the fibers, the protrusion having an outer width and two ends defining the length of the protrusion therebetween, the protrusion being the first of the nonwoven material. A base proximate to a surface; opposing distal ends extending outwardly in the Z direction from the base; a sidewall between the base and the distal end of the projection; and the sidewall of the projection A cap including at least a portion of the distal end and the distal end, wherein the sidewall is The outer width of the protruding portion varies along the length of the protruding portion when the nonwoven material is viewed from the Z direction, and the inner surface of the side wall protrudes from the protruding portion. A base opening is defined at the base of the portion, the cap has a portion with a maximum inner width, the base opening has a width, and the maximum inner width of the cap of the protrusion is the A nonwoven material that is larger than the width of the base opening.   The nonwoven material according to claim 1, wherein the protruding portion has an intermediate portion between the end portions, and the protruding portion is wider at the intermediate portion than the end portion.   The said protrusion part is a nonwoven fabric material of Claim 1 which has a non-circular planar view shape.   A plurality of fibers extend from the base of the protrusion to the distal end of the protrusion, and contribute to forming part of the side wall and the cap of the protrusion, The nonwoven material of claim 1, wherein the nonwoven material at least substantially surrounds the sidewall of the protrusion.   The nonwoven material of claim 1, wherein the base opening has a width of at least 0.5 mm measured at the center of the base opening.   The nonwoven material of claim 1 comprising two or more layers of nonwoven material.   The nonwoven material of claim 6, wherein the layer is nested within the protrusion.   The nonwoven material of claim 1, wherein at least some of the fibers are bonded together at at least some of the distal ends of the protrusions.   The nonwoven material of claim 1, wherein at least some of the fibers are adhered together in the first region of the nonwoven web, outside the base of at least some of the protrusions.   2. An absorbent article comprising the nonwoven material of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article includes an absorbent core, the nonwoven material being oriented with a distal portion of the protrusion toward the absorbent core. The absorbent article is arranged in the absorbent article as described above.   2. An absorbent article comprising the nonwoven material of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article comprises an absorbent core, wherein the nonwoven material has a distal portion of the protrusion opposite to the absorbent core. The absorbent article arrange | positioned in the said absorbent article so that it may become the direction which goes.

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