JP2016052630A - Carbon dioxide recovery device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbon dioxide recovery device that efficiently recovers carbon dioxide of exhaust gas discharged from a cogeneration device and supplies the recovered carbon dioxide to a plant cultivation facility by using an adsorbent without increasing the size of the device and that determines deterioration of the adsorbent.SOLUTION: Exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine 22 is pressure-fed to adsorption tanks 60 to adsorb carbon dioxide included in the exhaust gas to first adsorbents 72, and by reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tanks, the adsorbed carbon dioxide is desorbed, is pressure-fed to a storage tank 62 and is adsorbed to second adsorbents 74 for storage. The carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank is supplied to a plant cultivation facility 2. Based on output from first, second and third humidity detection means 132, 134, 136 disposed on the upstream and downstream sides of the adsorption tanks and the downstream side of the storage tank 70 to detect the humidity of exhaust gas or carbon monoxide, deterioration of the first and second adsorbents are determined to take measures.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide recovery device, and more specifically to an apparatus that recovers carbon dioxide discharged from an internal combustion engine that drives a generator of a cogeneration device and supplies the carbon dioxide to a plant cultivation facility.

  Conventionally, carbon dioxide is often recovered from exhaust gas discharged from a large plant such as a power plant. Recently, as in the technique described in Patent Document 1, an internal combustion engine that drives a generator of a cogeneration apparatus is used. A carbon dioxide recovery device has been proposed in which energy efficiency is improved by recovering carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas discharged from an engine and supplying it to a plant cultivation facility.

  The technique described in Patent Document 1 uses plant residues after harvesting, such as fruits, in plant cultivation facilities as an energy source for driving the internal combustion engine of the cogeneration apparatus, and uses exhaust heat generated by the combustion as a heat source for the cultivation facility. The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is pressure-adjusted and stored in a carbon dioxide storage tank, and then supplied to the plant cultivation facility.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-341953

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the exhaust gas that has passed through the exhaust gas cooling device is adjusted to an appropriate pressure by a compression device, temporarily stored in a carbon dioxide gas storage tank, and then supplied to a cultivation facility. Is done.

  In other words, since the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is not adsorbed and stored by the adsorbent, the recovery efficiency is low, and it is necessary to enlarge the storage tank in order to recover a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the apparatus becomes large.

  Further, since the adsorbent deteriorates as the use continues and the adsorbing performance decreases, it is desirable to determine and take measures against the deterioration.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and when collecting the carbon dioxide of the exhaust gas discharged from the cogeneration apparatus and supplying it to the plant cultivation facility, the adsorbent is used without increasing the size of the apparatus. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide recovery device that efficiently recovers and determines deterioration of an adsorbent.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in claim 1, the recovery means for recovering carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine that drives the generator of the cogeneration apparatus and supplying it to the plant cultivation facility In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus, the recovery means pumps the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine to an adsorption tank so that the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the first adsorbent accommodated therein. The carbon adsorption means and the pressure inside the adsorption tank are reduced to desorb the adsorbed carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the storage tank and accommodated therein. Carbon dioxide storage means for adsorbing and storing the second adsorbent, and carbon dioxide supply means for supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank to the plant cultivation facility; First, second, and third humidity detecting means that are disposed upstream and downstream of the adsorption tank and downstream of the storage tank to detect the humidity of the exhaust gas or carbon monoxide, and the first and first 2. An adsorbent deterioration determining means for determining and taking measures against the deterioration of the first adsorbent and the second adsorbent based on the output of the third humidity detecting means.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 2, the adsorbent deterioration determination unit is configured such that the output of the first humidity detection unit disposed on the upstream side of the adsorption tank is disposed on the downstream side of the adsorption tank. When the output is less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detecting means, a dehumidifying operation for removing water from the first adsorbent is executed, and the output of the second humidity detecting means is disposed downstream of the storage tank. 3. When the output is less than or equal to the output of the humidity detecting means, a dehumidifying operation for removing moisture from the second adsorbent is executed.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 3, the adsorbent deterioration determining means is configured to output the first adsorbent when the output of the second humidity detecting means or the third humidity detecting means does not change with time. Alternatively, the second adsorbent is judged to have deteriorated and the replacement is instructed.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 4, the adsorbent deterioration determining means is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank and detects the pressure of the exhaust gas. A first carbon dioxide detection means disposed downstream and detecting the concentration of the carbon dioxide, and when the output of the first humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detection means, the first When the outputs of the pressure detection means and the first carbon dioxide detection means are less than the initial set values, it is determined that the first adsorbent is deteriorated.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 5, the adsorbent deterioration determination means is disposed on the downstream side of the storage tank and detects the pressure of the carbon dioxide, and the storage tank. And a second carbon dioxide detecting means for detecting the concentration of the carbon dioxide, and when the output of the second humidity detecting means is not less than or equal to the output of the third humidity detecting means, When the outputs of the two pressure detecting means and the second carbon dioxide detecting means are less than the initial set values, it is determined that the second adsorbent is deteriorated.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 6, the adsorbent deterioration determination means includes a temperature detection means that is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank and detects the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the temperature detection means. When the output of exceeds the predetermined temperature, the operation of the entire apparatus including the cogeneration apparatus is stopped.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 1, the recovery means that recovers carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine that drives the generator of the cogeneration device and supplies it to the plant cultivation facility is an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas discharged from the engine is pumped to the adsorption tank, and the carbon dioxide adsorbing means for adsorbing the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas to the first adsorbent accommodated therein, and the pressure inside the adsorption tank is reduced and adsorbed. Carbon dioxide storage means for desorbing the carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent, pumping it to the storage tank and adsorbing it to the second adsorbent accommodated therein, and storing the carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank Since it is configured to include carbon dioxide supply means for supplying to the cultivation facility, energy efficiency can be improved, and carbon dioxide can be adsorbed and absorbed using the first and second adsorbents. Carbon dioxide can be efficiently recovered without increasing the size of the apparatus by distillation.

  Furthermore, the first adsorption is performed based on the outputs of the first, second and third humidity detecting means which are arranged upstream and downstream of the adsorption tank and downstream of the storage tank and detect the humidity of the exhaust gas or carbon monoxide. Since the adsorbent deterioration determining means measures and measures the deterioration of the adsorbent and the second adsorbent, the adsorbent deterioration of the adsorbing performance decreases as the use continues based on the output of the humidity detecting means. It can be determined, and appropriate measures can be taken accordingly.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 2, the output of the first humidity detection means arranged upstream of the adsorption tank is less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detection means arranged downstream of the adsorption tank. When the dehumidifying operation for removing moisture from the first adsorbent is performed, the second humidity detecting means is equal to or lower than the output of the third humidity detecting means disposed on the downstream side of the storage tank. Since the dehumidifying operation for removing moisture from the adsorbent is performed, when the deterioration of the adsorbent is reproducible, the dehumidifying operation can be performed for regeneration.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 3, when the output of the second humidity detecting means or the third humidity detecting means does not change with time, it is determined that the first adsorbent or the second adsorbent has deteriorated. Thus, when the replacement is instructed, when the deterioration of the adsorbent exceeds a reproducible level, the user can be instructed to perform the replacement, whereby the apparatus can be operated efficiently.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 4, the first pressure detection means is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank and detects the pressure of the exhaust gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration is disposed downstream of the adsorption tank. First carbon dioxide detection means for detecting, and when the output of the first humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detection means, the outputs of the first pressure detection means and the first carbon dioxide detection means are respectively initial. Since it has been configured to determine that the first adsorbent has deteriorated when it is less than the set value, in addition to the above-described effects, it is possible to accurately determine the deterioration of the first adsorbent.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 5, the second pressure detection means that is disposed downstream of the storage tank and detects the pressure of carbon dioxide, and the concentration of carbon dioxide that is disposed downstream of the storage tank And a second carbon dioxide detection means for detecting the output of the second pressure detection means and the second carbon dioxide detection means when the output of the second humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the third humidity detection means. Since it is determined that the second adsorbent is deteriorated when it is less than the initial set value, it is possible to accurately determine the deterioration of the second adsorbent in addition to the effects described above.

  The carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 6 is provided with temperature detection means that is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank and detects the temperature of the exhaust gas, and when the output of the temperature detection means exceeds a predetermined temperature, cogeneration is performed. Since the operation of the entire apparatus including the apparatus is configured to be stopped, in addition to the above effects, inappropriate operation of the apparatus can be prevented.

1 is a schematic diagram showing an entire carbon dioxide recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the whole cogeneration apparatus among the carbon dioxide collection apparatuses shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory view of a part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. It is a sequence diagram which shows operation | movement of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is data showing characteristics used in adsorbent deterioration determination in the dehumidifying mode in the sequence diagram of FIG. 4.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out a carbon dioxide recovery device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram generally showing a carbon dioxide recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram generally showing a cogeneration device constituting the carbon dioxide recovery device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory view of a part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged explanatory view of a part of the apparatus shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates a carbon dioxide recovery device. The carbon dioxide recovery device 1 collects carbon dioxide discharged from the cogeneration device 10 and supplies it to a plant cultivation facility (hereinafter referred to as “house”) 2 formed of a greenhouse or the like. Configured to supply. The house 2 is a facility for cultivating plants such as vegetables.

  For convenience of understanding, first, the cogeneration apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The cogeneration apparatus 10 is connected to an AC power from a commercial power source (commercial power system) 12 to an electrical load 14 (for example, a lighting fixture in the house 2). A generator (alternator) 20 that can be connected to the power supply path 16, an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as “engine”) 22 that drives the generator 20, a heat exchanger 24 that can exchange heat with cooling water of the engine 22, and the like. Prepare. The generator 20 and the engine 22 are integrated and housed in the case 28. The commercial power source 12 outputs AC power of 50 Hz or 60 Hz at 100/200 V AC from a single-phase three-wire.

  The engine 22 is a water-cooled four-cycle single-cylinder OHV type spark ignition engine that uses city gas or LP gas (hereinafter simply referred to as “gas”) as a fuel, and has a displacement of, for example, 163 cc. The cylinder head of the engine 22 and the cylinder block 22a are arranged in a horizontal direction (lateral direction) with respect to the case 28, and one piston is arranged in the inside thereof so as to be able to reciprocate.

  The supplied air (intake air) enters the mixer 34 through the intake silencer 30 and the air cleaner 32 and is mixed with gas supplied from a fuel supply source (not shown) via the gas proportional valve unit 36.

  The air-fuel mixture generated by the mixer 34 flows into a combustion chamber (not shown) formed in the lower part of the cylinder block 22a when an intake valve (not shown) is opened, and is ignited by a spark plug 22b. When the output of a battery (not shown) is supplied via an ignition device 22c made up of a power transistor, an ignition coil, or the like, the spark plug 22b generates a spark discharge between the electrodes facing the combustion chamber, and ignites and burns the air-fuel mixture. .

  When the exhaust valve (not shown) is opened, the exhaust gas (exhaust) generated by the combustion flows to the exhaust heat exchanger 22d, where it is heat exchanged with the cooling water of the engine 22, and then the exhaust pipe 38 and the exhaust chamber. It passes through the (muffler) 40 and is discharged out of the case 28 (outside of the cabinet).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the exhaust chamber 40 protrudes alternately from the wall surface so that the plates 40a face each other and forms a labyrinth, and a liquid pool 40b is formed so that liquid (moisture) in the exhaust gas is trapped as much as possible. As described later, it is configured to be discharged out of the system.

  A catalyst device 22d1 is integrally disposed in the exhaust heat exchanger 22d, and is configured to remove harmful components in the exhaust gas. As the catalyst device 22d1, a device having a characteristic of removing harmful components is selected and used.

  An oil tank (oil pan) 22f is formed in the lower part of the cylinder block 22a of the engine 22, and engine oil (lubricating oil) of the engine 22 is stored therein.

  The generator 20 includes a multipole coil, is fixed on a crankcase inside a flywheel (not shown) attached to the upper end of the crankshaft, and generates AC power when rotating relative to the flywheel. . The generator 20 also functions as a starter motor that cranks the engine 22 when energized from the commercial power supply 12 (or a battery (not shown)).

  The output of the generator 20 is sent to the inverter unit 42 where it is converted to AC100 / 200V (single phase).

  The inverter unit 42 is boosted by a three-phase bridge circuit 42a that rectifies the alternating current output from the generator 20 to direct current, and a booster circuit 42b that boosts the direct current rectified by the three-phase bridge circuit 42a to a predetermined voltage value. The inverter (INV) bridge circuit 42c that converts the direct current into alternating current, the CPU 42d that controls the operation of the inverter unit 42, the power supply unit 42e, and the output destination of the inverter bridge circuit 42c are the commercial power supply 12 and the power generation output during a power failure ( A switch 42f for switching between the power outlet 46 and a voltage sensor 42g for detecting a voltage between the inverter bridge circuit 42c and the switch 42f.

  Switching of the switch 42f is performed by an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 44 that controls the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 10. The ECU 44 includes a microcomputer having a CPU, ROM, RAM, I / O, counter, indicator, and the like.

  The output from the inverter unit 42 is sent to the switchboard 48. The distribution board 48 includes a main circuit breaker 48a for preventing overcurrent and the like, a distribution board 48b for adding the power of the commercial power supply 12 to the output of the inverter unit 42 (connected to the electric load 14), and a dedicated distribution board 48b. A breaker 48c and a current sensor 48d that is arranged in the power supply path 16 from the commercial power supply 12 to the main breaker 48a and outputs a signal corresponding to the current of the AC power flowing therethrough are provided.

  The heat exchanger 24 heats up the medium (water or the like) flowing through the heat source 50 of the house 2 with the cooling water (antifreeze) of the engine 22 flowing through the circulation path 52 on the cogeneration apparatus 10 side, thereby raising the temperature. Specifically, the heat source 50 and the circulation path 52 approach locally to form the heat exchanger 24, and the cooling water is cooled by transferring heat to the heat source 50 of the house 2 in the heat exchanger 24.

  The circulation path 52 connects the engine 22 and the heat exchanger 24, one end is connected to the coolant outlet 22 h of the engine 22, and the other end is connected to the coolant inlet 22 i of the engine 22. Therefore, the cooling water heated through the cylinder block 22a of the engine 22 flows through the circulation path 52 and is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 24, and then returned to the engine 22 again. The circulation path 52 is provided with a pump 52a for circulating the cooling water.

  The output of the voltage sensor 42g and the like described above is sent to the ECU 44. The ECU 44 controls the operation of the generator 20 and the engine 22 based on the input sensor output, and also controls the operation of the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 as will be described later. To do.

  Next, the configuration of the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in the figure, the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 is used in a house 2 that cultivates plants such as vegetables by recovering carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas discharged from the engine 22 that drives the generator 20 of the cogeneration device 10 described above. It is configured to supply, and includes two adsorption tanks 60 a and 60 b (collectively referred to as “adsorption tank 60”) and one storage tank 62.

  More specifically, the exhaust chamber 40 of the engine 22 is connected to the adsorption tank 60 via the first conduit 64 (and its branch pipe 64a), and the adsorption tank 60 connects the second conduit 66 (and its branch pipe 66a). The storage tank 62 is connected to the house 2 via the third conduit 70. The exhaust gas or carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is supplied from the exhaust chamber 40 of the engine 22 to the house 2 through the first conduit 64, the adsorption tank 60, the second conduit 66, the storage tank 62, and the third conduit 70.

  Thus, the adsorption tank 60, more specifically, the adsorption tanks 60 a and 60 b are arranged downstream in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust chamber 40 of the engine 22, and the storage tank 62 is arranged further downstream of the adsorption tank 60. Is done.

  Although the illustration of the adsorption tank 60 is omitted, the internal space is divided into a number of small chambers by shelves, and the exhaust gas flows therethrough, and each of the chambers has an adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as “first adsorbent”). 72 is accommodated.

  The first adsorbent 72 is formed by pelletizing a clay (trade name), and is accommodated in a net or the like for each predetermined number of pellets or weight, and is disposed in each chamber.

  The internal space of the storage tank 62 is also divided into a number of small chambers by shelves, and the desorbed carbon dioxide flows therethrough, and an adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as “second adsorbent”) 74 is provided in each of the chambers. Configured to be contained. The second adsorbent 74 is also formed by pelletizing Hassley (trade name), and is accommodated in a net or the like for each predetermined number of pellets or weight, and is disposed in each chamber. The first adsorbent 72 and the second adsorbent 74 may be anything as long as they can sufficiently adsorb carbon dioxide in response to a pressure change.

  A first three-way valve 76, a dehumidification tank (moisture removing means) 78, a first compressor 80, a second three-way valve 82, and a first drying are flowed into the first conduit 64 (and its branch pipe 64a) from the upstream side in the flow of exhaust gas. The first drying section 84 is connected to the upstream side of the dehumidification tank 78 by a bypass pipe (moisture removing means) 92 while the section 84 and the first and second on-off valves 86 and 90 are disposed. A third on-off valve 94 is disposed in the bypass pipe 92.

  In the second conduit 66 (and its branch pipe 66a), fourth and fifth on-off valves 96 and 100, a buffer tank 102, a second compressor 104, and a second drying unit 106 are arranged from the upstream side in the exhaust gas flow. . The second conduit 66 and its branch pipe 66a are opened via first and second relief valves (check valves) 110 and 112 on the upstream side of the fourth and fifth on-off valves 96 and 100, respectively.

  A sixth open / close valve 114 is disposed in the third conduit 70, and the downstream side of the storage tank 62 is upstream of the sixth open / close valve 114, and the adsorption tank 60 is connected via the second and third bypass pipes 116 and 120. Connected upstream. Seventh and eighth on-off valves 122 and 124 are disposed in the second and third bypass pipes 116 and 120, respectively.

  The first and second three-way valves 76 and 82 are electromagnetic control valves, which operate in accordance with a command from the ECU 44 and flow exhaust gas flowing from the upstream to either the downstream side or the atmosphere, or introduce the atmosphere downstream. Configured to flow. By disposing the second three-way valve 82 downstream of the first compressor 80, the exhaust gas containing moisture can be discharged to the atmosphere without passing through the first drying unit 84. .

  The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth on-off valves 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 114, 122, and 124 are also electromagnetic control valves, and are commanded by the ECU 44. The exhaust gas flowing from the upstream by operating according to the flow is configured to flow / do not flow downstream.

  Similarly to the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62, the dehumidifying tank 78 is divided into a large number of small chambers by shelves, and exhaust gas flows therethrough, and each chamber is dried with silica gel (product surface) or the like. An agent is accommodated and configured to be dehumidified when exhaust gas passes through.

  The first and second compressors 80 and 104 are driven by being supplied with the output of the generator 20 of the cogeneration apparatus 10, more specifically with the output of the generator 20 generated by the inverter unit 42, and supplied from upstream. The exhaust gas is compressed and discharged downstream. As a result, the first and second compressors 80 and 104 are configured to operate while being supplied with stable power regardless of the load of the engine 22 of the cogeneration apparatus 10.

  The first and second drying sections 84 and 106 have a mat-like glass fiber impregnated with a mixture of various fillers and a curing initiator in an unsaturated polyester resin, and a drying agent such as silica gel. Is arranged so that the exhaust gas passes through the sheet and is dehumidified.

  The buffer tank 102 disposed in the second conduit 66 is for preventing an excessive negative pressure on the upstream side when the second compressor 104 is operated, and is provided with a filter, a maze, and the like. In the unlikely event that the first adsorbent 72 is damaged, the fragments are prevented from being sucked into the second compressor 104, and the suction side pressure of the second compressor 104 is prevented from becoming an excessively negative pressure. .

  The first and second relief valves 110 and 112 disposed in the second conduit 66 and the branch pipe 66a will be described. The first and second relief valves 110 and 112 further branch from the second conduit 66 and the branch pipe 66a. The second branch pipes 661 and 66a1 are arranged.

  In the second branch pipe 661, a venturi portion (moisture removing means) 6611 is formed between the arrangement position of the first relief valve 110 and the tip (open end) 6610. As shown in FIG. 3, the venturi portion 6611 is connected to the liquid reservoir 40b of the exhaust chamber 40 through a pipe 6612 and an on-off valve 6613 disposed therein. Note that the on-off valve 6613 may be removed.

  Thereby, when the pressure of the exhaust gas filled in the adsorption tank 60a exceeds the set pressure of the relief valve 110, a part of the exhaust gas pushes the relief valve 110 open and flows into the venturi portion 6611. In the venturi portion 6611, the water trapped in the liquid reservoir 40b is sucked by the negative pressure generated by the increase in the flow velocity, and discharged from the tip 6610 of the second branch pipe 661 to the atmosphere.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the second branch pipe 66 a 1 of the branch pipe 66 a is configured to be connected to the engine 22. That is, when the pressure of the exhaust gas filled in the adsorption tank 60a exceeds the set pressure of the relief valve 112, a part of the exhaust gas pushes the relief valve 112 open and flows through the second branch pipe 66a1, and the intake silencer 30 of the engine 22 or The exhaust gas is supplied to the exhaust port downstream of the exhaust valve of the combustion chamber as EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation), more specifically, as external EGR or internal EGR (Air Injection), and is configured to increase energy efficiency. In addition, it is good also as a structure provided with a venturi part in the 2nd branch pipe 66a1 similarly to the branch pipe 66a.

  Further, a dehumidifier (moisture removing means) 130 is disposed between the cogeneration apparatus 10 and the house 2. The dehumidifier 130 has a structure similar to that of the first and second drying units 84 and 106, and includes a sheet mixed with a desiccant such as silica gel, and air containing moisture in the house 2 flows through the sheet to dehumidify. The dehumidified air is configured to return to the house 2 again.

  In the dehumidifier 130, the desiccant after dehumidification is regenerated by heat exchange with heated cooling water or exhaust gas from the engine 22. Further, as described above, the temperature of the medium (water or the like) flowing through the heat source 50 of the house 2 is raised by exchanging heat with the cooling water of the engine 22 flowing through the circulation path 52 on the commercial power supply 12 side.

  Further, on the upstream side and downstream side of the adsorption tank 60 and the downstream side of the storage tank 62, first, second, and third humidity sensors (detecting means) 132, 134, and 136 are disposed, and the exhaust gas flowing through the parts or Detect the humidity of carbon monoxide (resulting in an output indicating humidity).

  A first pressure sensor (detection means) 140 is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank 60 to detect the pressure of the exhaust gas flowing into the adsorption tank 60 (generates an output indicating the pressure) and downstream of the adsorption tank 60. A first carbon dioxide sensor (detection means; indicated as CO2) 142 is disposed on the side to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide flowing out from the adsorption tank 60 (generates an output indicating the concentration).

  Further, a second pressure sensor (detection means) 144 and a second carbon dioxide sensor (detection means; indicated as CO2) 146 are disposed downstream of the storage tank 62 to detect the pressure of carbon dioxide flowing out of the storage tank 62. (Outputs indicating pressure) and carbon dioxide concentration is detected (outputs indicating concentration).

  Further, a temperature sensor (detection means) 150 is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank 60 to detect the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the adsorption tank 60 (generates an output indicating the temperature). Outputs of sensors such as the first, second, and third humidity sensors 132, 134, and 136 are sent to the ECU 44.

  As described above, the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 according to this embodiment includes the cogeneration device 10 and uses the electric power and exhaust heat generated therein for the electrical load (lighting fixture) 14 of the house 2, the heat source 50, and the like. Since it is configured to be used as a power source for the first and second compressors 80 and 104 of the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1, energy efficiency can be improved.

  Further, since the adsorbents 72 and 74 are used to adsorb and store the carbon dioxide in the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62, the carbon dioxide can be efficiently removed from the exhaust gas without increasing the size of the adsorption tank 60 or the like. Can be recovered.

  Further, the first compressor 80 is operated to pump the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 22 to the adsorption tank 60 so that the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed to the first adsorbent 72 and the second compressor 104 is operated. The pressure inside the adsorption tank 60 is reduced to desorb carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent 72, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the storage tank 62 and adsorbed to the second adsorbent 74 for storage. Since it comprised so, a carbon dioxide can be collect | recovered more efficiently.

  Further, since the relief valves 110 and 112 are used for pressure management of the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62, an excessive increase in tank internal pressure can be prevented with a simple configuration.

  In addition, since many moisture removing means such as the venturi unit 6611, the dehumidifying tank 78, the first and second drying units 84 and 106, the bypass pipe 92, and the dehumidifier 130 are provided, the moisture contained in the exhaust gas is efficiently removed. In addition, it is possible to prevent the adsorbents 72 and 74 from deteriorating and to prevent the adsorption of moisture contained in the exhaust gas, thereby avoiding a decrease in the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide and increasing the adsorption efficiency.

  In addition, since the deterioration of the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 is determined based on the outputs of the first, second, and third humidity sensors 132, 134, and 136, the use continues. Accordingly, it is possible to determine the deterioration of the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 whose adsorbing performance is lowered, and it is possible to appropriately take necessary measures accordingly.

  Next, the operation of the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the sequence diagram of FIG. Specifically, this operation is performed by the ECU 44 of the cogeneration apparatus 10.

  In the following, SEQ. Reference numeral 1 denotes a start mode (operation mode at start-up) of the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1, which is a mode for switching to the normal operation mode after adjusting the pressure balance between the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62 at start-up. During this time, since the exhaust gas from the engine 22 is discharged outside the system, the first three-way valve 76 is operated so as to release the exhaust gas to the atmosphere, and the first compressor 80 is turned off (off, stopped).

  On the other hand, the second three-way valve 82 is operated to introduce the atmosphere, the third on-off valve 94 is closed (CLOSE), the first on-off valve 86 is opened (opened), and the fourth on-off valve 96 is opened (open). The second on-off valve 90 is CLOSEd, the fifth on-off valve 100 is CLOSEd, and the power of the generator 20 is supplied to turn on the second compressor 104.

  At the same time, the seventh open / close valve 122 is closed (CLOSE), the eighth open / close valve 124 is opened (OPEN), and the sixth open / close valve 114 is closed (closed) to dehumidify the air introduced by the first drying unit 84. Then, it is introduced into the adsorption tank 60, more specifically, the adsorption tank 60a that is scheduled to be adsorbed next, and then the storage tank 62 and the adsorption tank 60, more specifically, by the second compressor 104. Next, it is pumped to the adsorption tank 60b where scavenging is scheduled.

  Thus, SEQ. In the first start mode, a process of balancing the internal pressures of the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62 is performed. That is, the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60a scheduled for the next adsorption is set to atmospheric pressure, and the pressure inside the storage tank 62 and the adsorption tank 60b scheduled for the next scavenging is set below the atmospheric pressure. A process of increasing the pressure of the relief valve 112 that is higher by the first predetermined value, for example, about 0.7 MPa, is performed.

  SEQ. 2 to SEQ. 5 is a normal operation mode, and SEQ. Adsorption and desorption (scavenging and desorption) are performed by executing 2, 3, and 4, 5 in pairs. The normal operation mode is SEQ. 5 and SEQ. Returning to 2, the process is repeatedly executed.

  SEQ. 2 to SEQ. 5, the first three-way valve 76 is operated so as to flow the exhaust gas to the downstream dehumidification tank 78, the electric power of the generator 20 is supplied to turn on the first compressor 80, and the second three-way valve 82. And the third on-off valve 94 is closed to close the exhaust gas to the downstream adsorption tank 60a or 60b. Further, the second compressor 104 is turned on, and the sixth on-off valve 114 is closed.

  SEQ. 2, SEQ. 3, the first on-off valve 86 is opened (OPEN), the fourth on-off valve 96 is closed (CLOSE), and the second on-off valve 90 is closed (closed), so that the first drying unit 84 is closed. The exhaust gas from which moisture has been removed by, for example, is pumped by the first compressor 80 and supplied to the adsorption tank 60 a and is adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72.

  That is, the internal pressure of the adsorption tank 60a is increased to a set pressure of the relief valve 110 that is higher than the atmospheric pressure by a first predetermined value, for example, about 0.7 MPa, and carbon dioxide is supplied under the pressure to the first adsorbent 72. Adsorb to. At this time, since the exhaust gas is continuously supplied, the carbon dioxide partial pressure in the adsorption tank 60a is not reduced by the adsorption, so that the carbon dioxide can be recovered with high efficiency.

  SEQ. 2, the fifth on-off valve 100 is further closed (CLOSE), the seventh on-off valve 122 is closed (CLOSE), and the eighth on-off valve 124 is opened (opened). As a result, the pressure inside the storage tank 62 and the adsorption tank 60b is pressurized by the second compressor 104, and when the set pressure of the relief valve 112 is exceeded, part of the exhaust gas inside the adsorption tank 60b is discharged from the relief valve 112. Therefore, the inside of the adsorption tank 60b is scavenged. That is, since harmful components in the exhaust gas are also mixed during adsorption, the internal exhaust gas is scavenged in order to reduce the concentration of the harmful components.

  On the other hand, SEQ. 3, SEQ. On the other hand, the fifth on-off valve 100 is opened (opened) for the adsorption tank 60b, and the seventh on-off valve 122 and the eighth on-off valve 124 are closed (closed).

  As a result, the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60b is reduced by the second compressor 104, and the pressure inside the storage tank 62 is increased, and the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72 in the adsorption tank 60b. Is desorbed. The desorbed carbon dioxide is dehumidified by the second drying unit 106 and then pumped to the storage tank 62 by the second compressor 104 and is adsorbed and stored in the second adsorbent 74 of the storage tank 62.

  More specifically, the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72 is desorbed by reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60b to below atmospheric pressure by the second compressor 104.

  Further, the internal pressure of the storage tank 62 is desorbed by the second compressor 104 because it is higher than the set pressure of the relief valve 112 by the previous scavenging process, that is, a first predetermined value higher than the atmospheric pressure. When the carbon dioxide is supplied, the pressure further rises and is pressurized to a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by a second predetermined value, for example, about 1.0 MPa.

  Thus, the second predetermined value is larger than the first predetermined value, that is, the pressure at the time of storage in the storage tank 62 is increased to a pressure higher than the pressure at the time of adsorption in the adsorption tank 60. The desorbed carbon dioxide can be reliably stored in the storage tank 62. It is desirable that the second adsorbent 74 in the storage tank 62 be accommodated sufficiently more than the first adsorbent 72 in the adsorption tank 60.

  SEQ. Nos. 4 and 5 are processes performed by replacing the adsorption tanks 60a and 60b. The desorption (scavenging and desorption) is performed in the adsorption tank 60a, and the adsorption is performed in the adsorption tank 60b. Since it is the same as 2 and 3, detailed description is omitted.

  SEQ. Reference numeral 6 denotes a release mode for releasing (supplying) the stored carbon dioxide to the house 2, turning off the second compressor 104, and the fourth on-off valve 96, the fifth on-off valve 100, and the seventh on-off valve. 122, the eighth on-off valve 124 is closed (CLOSE), and the sixth on-off valve 114 is opened (opened). Thereby, the carbon dioxide adsorbed and stored in the storage tank 62 by the second adsorbent 74 flows into the house 2 as it is.

  At this time, since the carbon dioxide in the storage tank 62 is stored at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by a second predetermined value, it is easily supplied to the house 2 simply by opening the sixth on-off valve 114. be able to. Moreover, by providing an appropriate guide pipe, it can be pinpointed to a desired plant in the plant group of the house 2.

  SEQ. Reference numeral 7 denotes a dehumidification mode for removing moisture from the entire carbon dioxide recovery device 1 including the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74. The first compressor 80 is turned on and the second compression is performed. The machine 104 is turned off, and the first and second three-way valves 76 and 82 are operated so as to release the exhaust gas from the upstream to the atmosphere, and all the on-off valves except the sixth on-off valve 114, that is, the first The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth on-off valves 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 122, and 124 are opened.

  As a result, the entire carbon dioxide recovery device 1 including the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 is depressurized by the first compressor 80, and the residual gas containing moisture and the adsorbed components desorbed by the depressurization are in the second three-way. The entire device is dehumidified by being released into the atmosphere via the valve 82. Since the supply of carbon dioxide to the house 2 is required in the time zone from sunrise to morning, the dehumidification mode is executed periodically (or irregularly) in other time zones.

  This SEQ. 7, the ECU 44 determines and measures the deterioration of the first adsorbent 72 and the second adsorbent 74 based on the outputs of the first, second, and third humidity sensors 132, 134, and 136. SEQ. Since the process 7 is executed periodically (or irregularly), this determination is also repeated each time.

  More specifically, when the output of the first humidity sensor 132 disposed on the upstream side of the adsorption tank 60 is equal to or lower than the output of the second humidity sensor 134 disposed on the downstream side of the adsorption tank 60, the ECU 44 performs SEQ. . The dehumidifying operation (dehumidifying mode) for removing moisture from the first first adsorbent 72 is performed, and the output of the second humidity sensor 134 is the output of the third humidity sensor 136 disposed downstream of the storage tank 62. Similarly, when SEQ. 7 is performed to remove moisture from the second adsorbent 74.

  That is, when the humidity detected from the upstream sensor is equal to or lower than the humidity detected from the downstream sensor, the moisture adsorption amount of the first adsorbent 72 or the second adsorbent 74 is saturated, and the adsorption Since it can be determined that the performance has deteriorated, SEQ. 7 is performed to remove moisture from the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 for regeneration.

  Further, when the output of the second humidity sensor 134 or the third humidity sensor 136 does not change with time, the ECU 44 determines that the first adsorbent 72 or the second adsorbent 74 has deteriorated and makes the first adsorption to the user. The replacement of the agent 72 or the second adsorbent is instructed. That is, also in this case, it is considered that the water adsorption amount of the first adsorbent 72 or the second adsorbent 74 is legal.

  At this time, when the output of the first humidity sensor 132 is not less than or equal to the output of the second humidity sensor 134, the ECU 44 detects the pressure of the exhaust gas that is arranged upstream of the adsorption tank 60 and flows into the adsorption tank 60. When the outputs of the pressure sensor 140 and the first carbon dioxide sensor 142 that detects the concentration of carbon dioxide that flows out of the adsorption tank 60 are less than the initial set values, the first adsorbent 72 is deteriorated. It is determined that

  Explaining this, FIG. 7 is data showing characteristics used in the determination of adsorbent deterioration in the dehumidifying mode 7. As shown in the figure, the first adsorbent 72 or the second adsorbent 74 has a characteristic a (initial setting value) in which the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption increases in proportion to an increase in pressure, but the characteristic a changes with time. For example, it becomes characteristic b (deteriorates with time). Therefore, when the outputs of the first pressure sensor and the first carbon dioxide sensor 142 are less than the initial set values (corresponding to the characteristic a) that are appropriately set, it can be determined that the first adsorbent 72 has deteriorated.

  For the same reason, when the output of the second humidity sensor 134 is not less than or equal to the output of the third humidity sensor sensor 136, the ECU 44 is arranged on the downstream side of the storage tank 62 and detects the pressure and concentration of carbon dioxide. When the outputs of the pressure sensor 144 and the second carbon dioxide sensor 146 become less than the initial set value (corresponding to the characteristic a) set appropriately, it is determined that the second adsorbent 74 has deteriorated.

  When the output of the temperature sensor 150 that is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank 60 and detects the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the adsorption tank 60 exceeds a predetermined temperature, the ECU 44 operates as a whole of the apparatus including the cogeneration apparatus. Stop. The predetermined temperature is set to, for example, 60 ° C. based on the adsorption efficiency lowering temperature of the first adsorbent 72 or the second adsorbent 74.

  As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22 that drives the generator 20 of the cogeneration apparatus 10 is recovered to obtain a plant cultivation facility (house). ) In the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 provided with the recovery means for supplying to 2, the recovery means pumps the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22 to the adsorption tank 60 so as to convert the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas. Carbon dioxide adsorbing means (ECU 44, SEQ. 2, 3, 4, 5) for adsorbing to the first adsorbent 72 accommodated therein, and the adsorbed carbon dioxide by reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60 Is desorbed from the first adsorbent 72, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the storage tank 62 to be adsorbed and stored in the second adsorbent 74 accommodated therein. From carbon oxide storage means (ECU 44, SEQ. 3, 5) and carbon dioxide supply means (ECU 44, SEQ. 6) for supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank 62 to the plant cultivation facility (house) 2 Since it is configured as described above, energy efficiency can be improved, and carbon dioxide can be efficiently absorbed without increasing the size of the apparatus by adsorbing and storing carbon dioxide using the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74. It can be recovered.

  Further, first, second, and third humidity detecting means (sensors) that are disposed upstream and downstream of the adsorption tank 60 and downstream of the storage tank 70 and detect the humidity of the exhaust gas or carbon monoxide. 132, 134, 136 and an adsorbent deterioration determining means (ECU 44) for determining and taking measures against deterioration of the first adsorbent 72 and the second adsorbent 74 based on the outputs of the first, second and third humidity detecting means. , SEQ.7), it is possible to determine the deterioration of the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 whose adsorption performance decreases as the use continues based on the output of the humidity detecting means, and accordingly Measures can be taken as appropriate.

  Further, the adsorbent deterioration determining means, when the output of the first humidity detection means arranged on the upstream side of the adsorption tank is less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detection means arranged on the downstream side of the adsorption tank, When performing a dehumidifying operation to remove moisture from the first adsorbent, and when the output of the second humidity detection means is equal to or less than the output of the third humidity detection means disposed on the downstream side of the storage tank, Since the dehumidifying operation for removing moisture from the second adsorbent is performed, when the deterioration of the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 is reproducible, by performing the dehumidifying operation, The first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 can be regenerated.

  Further, the adsorbent deterioration determining means determines that the first adsorbent or the second adsorbent has deteriorated when the output of the second humidity detecting means or the third humidity detecting means does not change with time. Since the replacement is instructed, when the deterioration of the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74 exceeds the reproducible level, the user can be instructed to perform the replacement, whereby the apparatus 1 can be efficiently operated. .

  The adsorbent deterioration determining means is disposed on the upstream side of the adsorption tank 60 and is disposed on the downstream side of the adsorption tank 60 and first pressure detection means (sensor) 140 for detecting the pressure of the exhaust gas. First pressure detection means (sensor) 142 for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide, and when the output of the first humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detection means, the first pressure detection Since the first adsorbent 72 is judged to have deteriorated when the output of each of the means and the first carbon dioxide detection means is less than the initial set value, in addition to the above-described effects, the deterioration of the first adsorbent 72 Can be determined with high accuracy.

  The adsorbent deterioration determining means is disposed downstream of the storage tank 60 and is disposed downstream of the storage tank 60 and second pressure detection means (sensor) 144 that detects the pressure of the carbon dioxide. Second carbon dioxide detection means (sensor) 146 for detecting the concentration of the carbon dioxide, and when the output of the second humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the third humidity detection means, the second pressure Since the second adsorbent 74 is judged to have deteriorated when the outputs of the detection means and the second carbon dioxide detection means are less than the initial set values, the second adsorbent 74 is added to the above-described effects. Can be accurately determined.

  The adsorbent deterioration determination means includes a temperature detection means (sensor) 150 that is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank 60 and detects the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the output of the temperature detection means exceeds a predetermined temperature. At this time, since the operation of the entire apparatus 1 including the cogeneration apparatus 10 is stopped, an inappropriate operation of the apparatus 1 can be prevented in addition to the effects described above.

  In the above, the drive source of the generator 20 is configured to be a gas engine using gas as fuel, but it may be an engine using gasoline fuel or the like. Typical values are also illustrative and are not limited.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbon dioxide collection device, 2 House (plant cultivation facility), 10 Cogeneration device, 14 Electric load, 20 Generator, 22 Engine (internal combustion engine), 44 ECU (electronic control unit. Carbon dioxide adsorption means, Carbon dioxide storage means , Carbon dioxide supply means, adsorbent deterioration determination means), 60 adsorption tank, 62 storage tank, 64, 66, 70 first, second, third conduit, 6611 venturi (water removal means), 72, 74 adsorbent 76, 82 Three-way valve, 78 Dehumidification tank (moisture removing means), 80, 104 compressor, 84, 106 Drying unit, 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 114, 122, 124 On-off valve, 92, 116, 120 Bypass pipe, 110, 112 Relief valve, 130 Dehumidifier (moisture removing means), 132, 134, 136 First, second and third humidity sensors (Detection means), 140 first pressure sensor (detection means), 142 first carbon dioxide sensor (detection means), 144 second pressure sensor (detection means), 146 second carbon dioxide sensor (detection means), 150 temperature Sensor (detection means)

Claims (6)

  A carbon dioxide recovery apparatus comprising a recovery means for recovering carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine that drives a generator of a cogeneration apparatus and supplying it to a plant cultivation facility, wherein the recovery means is the internal combustion engine Carbon dioxide adsorbing means for pumping the exhaust gas discharged from the adsorption tank to adsorb carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas to the first adsorbent accommodated therein, and reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tank to reduce the pressure Carbon dioxide storage means for desorbing the adsorbed carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent, pumping the desorbed carbon dioxide to a storage tank, and adsorbing and storing the adsorbed carbon dioxide in a second adsorbent accommodated therein; , Carbon dioxide supply means for supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank to the plant cultivation facility, upstream and downstream sides of the adsorption tank, and the storage tank First, second, and third humidity detecting means disposed on the flow side for detecting the humidity of the exhaust gas or carbon monoxide, and the first, second, and third humidity detecting means based on the outputs of the first and second humidity detecting means. A carbon dioxide recovery apparatus comprising: an adsorbent deterioration determination unit that determines and measures deterioration of one adsorbent and a second adsorbent.   The adsorbent deterioration determination means is configured to output the first humidity detection means when the output of the first humidity detection means arranged on the upstream side of the adsorption tank is equal to or lower than the output of the second humidity detection means arranged on the downstream side of the adsorption tank. When the dehumidifying operation for removing moisture from one adsorbent is executed and the output of the second humidity detecting means is equal to or lower than the output of the third humidity detecting means arranged on the downstream side of the storage tank, the second The carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a dehumidifying operation for removing moisture from the adsorbent is performed.   The adsorbent deterioration determination means determines that the first adsorbent or the second adsorbent has deteriorated when the output of the second humidity detection means or the third humidity detection means does not change with time, and replaces it. The carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an instruction is given.   The adsorbent deterioration determining means is arranged on the upstream side of the adsorption tank and detects the pressure of the exhaust gas, and is arranged on the downstream side of the adsorption tank and detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide. First carbon dioxide detection means, and when the output of the first humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the second humidity detection means, the outputs of the first pressure detection means and the first carbon dioxide detection means are respectively The carbon dioxide recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when it becomes less than an initial set value, it is determined that the first adsorbent has deteriorated.   The adsorbent deterioration determining means is disposed downstream of the storage tank and detects the pressure of the carbon dioxide, and is disposed downstream of the storage tank and detects the concentration of the carbon dioxide. And when the output of the second humidity detection means is not less than or equal to the output of the third humidity detection means, the outputs of the second pressure detection means and the second carbon dioxide detection means are The carbon dioxide recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, when each becomes less than an initial set value, it is determined that the second adsorbent has deteriorated. The adsorbent deterioration determination means includes a temperature detection means that is disposed upstream of the adsorption tank and detects the temperature of the exhaust gas. When the output of the temperature detection means exceeds a predetermined temperature, the cogeneration apparatus is The carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the entire device is stopped.

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