JP2010284608A - Organic waste treatment method - Google Patents

Organic waste treatment method Download PDF

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JP2010284608A
JP2010284608A JP2009141675A JP2009141675A JP2010284608A JP 2010284608 A JP2010284608 A JP 2010284608A JP 2009141675 A JP2009141675 A JP 2009141675A JP 2009141675 A JP2009141675 A JP 2009141675A JP 2010284608 A JP2010284608 A JP 2010284608A
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organic waste
moisture
microorganisms
fermentation
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JP5442325B2 (en
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Kenji Kawashima
賢二 川嶋
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Kawashima & Co Ltd
KAWASHIMA KK
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/341Consortia of bacteria
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic waste treatment method by which well-fermented treating objects are obtained by promoting aerobic fermentation and suppressing anaerobic fermentation and by which formation of ammonia and methane is inhibited. <P>SOLUTION: The organic waste treatment method is characterized in that a deposit of organic wastes is formed with a constant porosity of 20-40% in a vertical direction, and while moisture is adjusted to the 20-80 wt.% of the organic wastes, the organic wastes are fermented in the presence of 0.01-1.0 wt.% of microorganic additives containing pediococcus bacteria, yeast cells, bacillus (bacillus group microorganism), streptococcus and staphylococcus. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、有機性廃棄物、特に汚水、汚物、排水、廃棄される植物残滓などの処理に用いられる、有機性廃棄物処理方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an organic waste processing method used for processing organic waste, particularly sewage, filth, drainage, and discarded plant residue.

従来、畜糞などの汚水、汚物をはじめとした有機性廃棄物は、微生物による分解で処理され、その処理物は肥料等として用いられている。前記処理における微生物の反応は、好気性の条件下での微生物による分解(堆肥化などの肥料の製造においては、好気性の発酵とも呼ばれる)が主である。しかし、処理の初期には好気性の発酵の条件が整わないことがある。また、処理時に堆積した有機性廃棄物の下部などでは空気に触れにくく水分が溜まり易いなど、条件が揃いにくいことがある。こうした条件下では、嫌気性の発酵が進行する。一般に嫌気性の発酵では、好気性の発酵よりも分解効率が悪く、均一によく分解された処理物を得にくい。さらに大きな問題として、嫌気性の発酵では、アンモニアやメタンが多量に生じる。アンモニアは悪臭の原因となり、処理の過程において処理場内やその周辺に対して問題となる。さらに、これらの気体は環境問題において悪影響を及ぼす。ことに、農工業で多量に排出される有機性廃棄物の処理において、メタンが大量に発生することは、環境に対する大きな問題となっている。   Conventionally, organic waste including sewage such as livestock excrement and filth is treated by decomposition by microorganisms, and the treated product is used as fertilizer. The reaction of microorganisms in the treatment is mainly decomposition by microorganisms under aerobic conditions (also called aerobic fermentation in the production of fertilizers such as composting). However, aerobic fermentation conditions may not be met at the beginning of the treatment. In addition, conditions may be difficult to be met, such as in the lower part of organic waste deposited during treatment, where it is difficult to touch the air and moisture tends to accumulate. Under these conditions, anaerobic fermentation proceeds. In general, anaerobic fermentation has a lower decomposition efficiency than aerobic fermentation, and it is difficult to obtain a uniformly and well-decomposed processed product. As a bigger problem, anaerobic fermentation produces a large amount of ammonia and methane. Ammonia causes a bad odor and becomes a problem in and around the treatment plant during the treatment process. Furthermore, these gases have an adverse effect on environmental problems. In particular, the generation of a large amount of methane in the treatment of organic waste discharged in large quantities in the agricultural industry is a big problem for the environment.

一方、本発明者が提案している特許文献1では、家畜に与える飼料に対して添加する微生物添加物で、家畜の消化器内の微生物の働きを調整し、感染症の発症を抑えるものを開示している。
この微生物添加物は、以下の微生物:a)ペジオコックス属ペントサシュース(Pediococcus pentosaceus); b)ペジオコックス属アシヂラクチシ(Pediococcus acidilactici); c)ピシア属ファリノーサ(Picia farinosa); d)デッケラ属ブラッセレンシス(Dekkera bruxellensis); e)桿菌(バチラス属微生物)(Bacilli); f)連鎖球菌(Streptococci); 及びg)ブドウ状球菌(Staphylococci)の中少なくとも三つを含むものである。
この微生物添加物を飼料に添加した場合はまた、家畜の消化器内での飼料の断片化を促進すること、さらにはその家畜からの畜糞に含まれるアンモニアが低減される旨が開示されている。
On the other hand, in patent document 1 which this inventor has proposed, the microorganisms additive added with respect to the feed given to livestock adjusts the function of the microorganisms in the digestive organ of livestock, and suppresses the onset of infectious disease. Disclosure.
This microbial additive includes the following microorganisms: a) Pediococcus pentosaceus; b) Pediococcus acidilactici; c) Picia farinosa ell E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Bacillus); f) Streptococci; and g) At least three of the staphylococci.
When this microbial additive is added to the feed, it is also disclosed that the fragmentation of the feed in the digestive organs of the livestock is promoted, and further that the ammonia contained in the livestock dung from the livestock is reduced. .

なお、本発明者は汚水を撹拌し有機性廃棄物の処理を行う方法として特許文献2に示す汚水処理方法を提案している。
この汚水処理方法は、処理槽に堆積させた水分調整材に家畜などから出る固形物を含む汚水を散布し、水分調整材と汚水を攪拌手段で攪拌するとともに、処理槽の下部に溜まる汚水を回収して処理槽内に散布する汚水処理方法である。
上記処理槽を、汚水を散布しながら攪拌する散布領域と汚水を散布せずに攪拌し乾燥を伴った発酵を熟成する熟成領域とに分け、攪拌手段は水分調整材と汚水との混合物を移送可能な移送機能を備え、上記混合物を所定の速度で散布領域側から熟成領域側へ攪拌しながら移送して発酵させ堆肥を製造することを特徴とするものである。
In addition, this inventor has proposed the sewage treatment method shown in patent document 2 as a method of stirring sewage and processing organic waste.
In this sewage treatment method, sewage containing solid matter from livestock and the like is sprayed on the moisture adjusting material deposited in the treatment tank, and the moisture adjusting material and the sewage are stirred by the stirring means, and the sewage collected in the lower part of the treatment tank is This is a sewage treatment method that is collected and dispersed in a treatment tank.
The treatment tank is divided into a spraying area that stirs while sprinkling sewage and a ripening area that stirs without sprinkling sewage and ripens the fermentation with drying, and the stirring means transfers a mixture of the moisture regulator and sewage It has a possible transfer function, and the mixture is transferred from the spraying area side to the aging area side with stirring at a predetermined speed and fermented to produce compost.

特表2001−500364号公報JP 2001-500434 A 特許第3607252号Japanese Patent No. 3607252

本発明者は、特許文献1の微生物添加物に含まれる微生物が、家畜の消化器内において微生物の働きを調整することで、飼料の分解を促進し、アンモニアの生成を削減することに着目した。有機性廃棄物の処理は、有機物に対する微生物の作用であるが、家畜の消化器内に対して、大気の有無、水分、栄養状態等で多くが相違している。これらを踏まえて、有機性廃棄物の処理において、前記微生物の働きを応用できる可能性について、鋭意研究を進めていった。   The present inventor paid attention to the fact that microorganisms contained in the microorganism additive of Patent Document 1 promote the degradation of feed and reduce the production of ammonia by adjusting the action of microorganisms in the digestive organs of livestock. . The treatment of organic waste is the action of microorganisms on organic matter, but there are many differences with respect to the digestive organs of livestock depending on the presence of air, moisture, nutritional state, and the like. Based on these, we have been intensively researching the possibility of applying the above-mentioned microorganisms in the treatment of organic waste.

その結果、上記微生物添加物は、有機性廃棄物の処理において添加すると、微生物による反応を調整、促進し、好気性の発酵を促すことが判明した。しかしながら、有機性廃棄物は好気性の発酵が進行するごとに圧縮されてゆき、空間が少なくなり、空気に触れにくくなるため、好気性の発酵が大きく促進されると、嫌気性の発酵が起こりやすい環境へと戻ってしまう問題が新たに発生した。特に、堆積している有機性廃棄物は、下部にゆくにしたがって空気に触れにくくなり、上部の重みによって圧縮されやすいので、空間が少なくなりやすい。   As a result, it was found that the microbial additive, when added in the treatment of organic waste, regulates and accelerates the reaction by microorganisms and promotes aerobic fermentation. However, organic waste is compressed each time aerobic fermentation progresses, and space is reduced, making it difficult to touch the air. Therefore, when aerobic fermentation is greatly promoted, anaerobic fermentation occurs. There was a new problem of returning to an easy environment. In particular, the accumulated organic waste is less likely to be exposed to the air as it goes to the lower part, and is easily compressed by the weight of the upper part, so that the space is likely to be reduced.

また、有機性廃棄物に含有される水分の条件によっても、微生物の好気性の代謝が起こらず、あるいは嫌気性の代謝の原因となる。すなわち、水分が少なすぎると、微生物の反応が起こりづらく、多すぎると微生物が空気に触れにくいので、嫌気性の発酵を起こりやすくする。   In addition, the aerobic metabolism of microorganisms does not occur or causes anaerobic metabolism depending on the moisture conditions contained in the organic waste. That is, if there is too little moisture, the reaction of microorganisms is difficult to occur, and if it is too much, microorganisms are difficult to touch the air, so that anaerobic fermentation is likely to occur.

そのため、本発明者は、上記の微生物添加物の存在下で好気性発酵を好適に継続することができる空間率の形成の状態と、空間率の割合、水分含有率の条件について、さらに研究を進めていった。   Therefore, the present inventor conducted further research on the state of formation of the spatial rate that can favorably continue the aerobic fermentation in the presence of the above-mentioned microbial additive, the ratio of the spatial rate, and the condition of the moisture content. Proceeded.

本発明は、上述した点にかんがみ案出されたもので、その目的とするところは、好気性の発酵を促進し、嫌気性の発酵を抑えることで、処理の過程におけるアンモニアやメタンの生成を抑制することができ、よく発酵された処理物が得られる有機性廃棄物処理方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been devised in view of the above points, and its purpose is to promote aerobic fermentation and suppress anaerobic fermentation, thereby suppressing generation of ammonia and methane in the process of treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste treatment method that can be suppressed and a well-fermented treated product is obtained.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明の有機性廃棄物処理方法は、有機性廃棄物の堆積物を上下方向で相等しい空間率で該空間率を20〜40%に形成するとともに、上記有機性廃棄物の20〜80重量%に水分を調整しつつ、ペジオコックス属細菌、酵母細胞、桿菌(バチラス属微生物)、連鎖球菌およびブドウ状菌を含む微生物添加物0.01〜1.0重量%の存在下で発酵させることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the organic waste treatment method of the present invention forms the organic waste deposits in the vertical direction with the same space ratio of 20 to 40% and the organic waste. While adjusting the moisture to 20 to 80% by weight of the waste, 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of microbial additive including Pediocox bacteria, yeast cells, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Bacillus spp.), Streptococcus and Staphylococci It is characterized by being fermented in the presence.

上記構成によれば、有機性廃棄物に対して、堆積物の上下において等しく一定の空間率が形成され、廃棄物中の微生物に空気が供給されることで、嫌気性の条件下に置かれることが避けられる。水分の調整の条件によって、嫌気性の微生物の活動が避けられる。有機性廃棄物に一定割合で混合された微生物添加物が、堆積物中の微生物の反応を調整し、これらの空間率と水分の条件が揃うことによって、好気性の反応を促進する。そのため、有機性廃棄物に対して好気性の発酵が大きく促進され、嫌気性の発酵が抑えられた状態で微生物による分解が起こり、有機性廃棄物が処理される。   According to the above configuration, the organic waste is formed in an anaerobic condition by forming an equal and constant space ratio above and below the deposit and supplying air to the microorganisms in the waste. Can be avoided. Depending on the conditions of the water regulation, anaerobic microbial activity is avoided. The microbial additive mixed with organic waste at a certain ratio regulates the reaction of microorganisms in the sediment, and promotes the aerobic reaction by aligning these space ratio and moisture conditions. Therefore, aerobic fermentation is greatly promoted with respect to organic waste, decomposition by microorganisms occurs in a state where anaerobic fermentation is suppressed, and organic waste is processed.

本発明によれば、有機性廃棄物の堆積物の上下方向の空間率と水分の調整により嫌気性条件が避けられ、有機性廃棄物中が一様に好気性の発酵に適した条件となり、微生物添加物によって微生物の好気性の反応が促進されることで、有機性廃棄物の堆積物の全体にわたって好気性の発酵を行うことができる。一様な好気性の発酵によって、有機性廃棄物の分解処理を効率的に行うことができる。   According to the present invention, anaerobic conditions are avoided by adjusting the vertical space ratio and moisture of the organic waste deposit, and the organic waste is uniformly suitable for aerobic fermentation, By promoting the aerobic reaction of microorganisms by the microbial additive, it is possible to perform aerobic fermentation over the entire organic waste deposit. Due to the uniform aerobic fermentation, the organic waste can be efficiently decomposed.

その結果として、嫌気性の発酵が抑えられるため、アンモニアやメタンの生成を抑制することができ、周囲への悪臭を抑え、これらの気体の発生による環境問題への悪影響が少ない有機性廃棄物処理方法となる。反応のための微生物を添加するため、元来は微生物分解に適した微生物が含まれていない様々な有機性廃棄物の処理にも応用することができる。この廃棄物処理方法による処理物は、嫌気性の発酵が抑えられ、好気性の発酵の促進により生成されており、均一によく発酵され、土壌に対して良質の肥料として利用できる。   As a result, since anaerobic fermentation is suppressed, the production of ammonia and methane can be suppressed, the odor to the surroundings can be suppressed, and organic waste treatment with less adverse effects on environmental problems due to the generation of these gases Become a method. Since the microorganisms for the reaction are added, it can be applied to the treatment of various organic wastes that originally do not contain microorganisms suitable for microbial degradation. The treated product by this waste treatment method is suppressed by anaerobic fermentation, is generated by promoting aerobic fermentation, is uniformly well fermented, and can be used as a good fertilizer for soil.

以下、本発明の実施形態に係る有機性廃棄物処理方法について説明する。   Hereinafter, an organic waste processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

〔基本的構成〕
本構成の有機性廃棄物処理方法は、まず、有機性廃棄物の堆積物を上下方向で相等しい空間率で該空間率を20〜40%に形成して行う。
[Basic configuration]
The organic waste treatment method of this configuration is performed by first forming the organic waste deposits at a space ratio equal to 20 to 40% in the vertical direction.

処理される有機性廃棄物とは、汚物、汚水、植物の残滓などが挙げられる。最も多く用いられるものとしては家畜などから排出される固形物の汚物である畜糞や、汚水としての畜尿、さらにこれらの混合物としての汚水である。なお、通常、牛や豚などの家畜から排出される汚水の構成は、80〜90%が尿からなる水分で、残りの10〜20%が糞からなる固形物となっている。汚水としては、牛や豚以外の、鶏や羊などから排出される廃棄物も処理することができる。   Examples of the organic waste to be treated include filth, sewage, and plant residue. The most frequently used ones are livestock excrement which is solid waste discharged from livestock and the like, livestock urine as wastewater, and wastewater as a mixture thereof. Normally, the sewage discharged from livestock such as cattle and pigs is 80 to 90% of water composed of urine, and the remaining 10 to 20% is solid material composed of feces. Wastewater discharged from chickens and sheep other than cattle and pigs can be treated as sewage.

他の有機性廃棄物としては、植物の残滓、例えば植物性材料を食品等に加工した残りや、植物性材料を燃料などの原料として工業的に加工した後の廃棄物、また下水や下水処理の残滓などで有機性のもの、人し尿やその乾燥処理物なども好適に処理できる。これらの有機性廃棄物は、複数の種類が含まれていてもよい。本構成の有機性廃棄物処理方法では、分解反応に適し、また反応を調整する微生物添加物を加えることによって、元来は微生物分解に適した微生物が含まれていない、または少ない様々な有機性廃棄物も処理することができる。   Other organic wastes include plant residues, for example, the residue of plant materials processed into foods, waste after industrial processing of plant materials as raw materials for fuel, sewage and sewage treatment Organic residues, human urine, dried products thereof, etc. can be suitably treated. These organic wastes may contain a plurality of types. In the organic waste processing method of this configuration, by adding a microbial additive that is suitable for the decomposition reaction and that adjusts the reaction, various organic materials that are originally free from or contain few microorganisms that are suitable for microbial decomposition. Waste can also be treated.

有機性廃棄物は、固形物の粒径が0.1〜100mmの範囲内にあるものであることが望ましい。空間率について、粒径がこの範囲未満であると、目が詰まりすぎて空間率を維持することが難しくなり、粒径がこの範囲以上であると、空間率にばらつきが出て維持するのが難しい。水分について、粒径がこの範囲を外れると水分の調整が難しい。いずれの場合も、空間率と水分によって好気的な発酵を行うのに適さない。有機性廃棄物の処理に用いられる撹拌手段で好適に撹拌することを考えると、0.2〜20mmの範囲内の粒径であることがさらに望ましい。   As for organic waste, it is desirable for the particle size of a solid substance to exist in the range of 0.1-100 mm. As for the space ratio, if the particle size is less than this range, it is difficult to maintain the space ratio because the eyes are clogged, and if the particle size is more than this range, the space ratio varies and is maintained. difficult. When the particle diameter is out of this range, it is difficult to adjust the moisture. In either case, it is not suitable for performing aerobic fermentation due to space ratio and moisture. Considering suitable stirring by the stirring means used for the treatment of organic waste, it is more desirable that the particle size is in the range of 0.2 to 20 mm.

次に、有機性廃棄物の堆積物は、有機性廃棄物を一度に多量に処理できるように堆積されたものや、槽などに充填されたものである。堆積された上下方向の深さが浅すぎると面積をとるので処理の効率が悪いが、深すぎると後述する条件を上下方向で相等しく維持することが難しくなる。適切な堆積の深さは、処理に用いる手段によっても異なるが、例えばスコップ等で切り返す手段からショベルカー等で大規模にかきまぜる手段まで考えると、0.2〜5.0m程度まで考えられる。既存の有機性廃棄物の処理槽やその撹拌装置を用いることを想定した場合、1.0〜2.5m程度が好適である。   Next, the organic waste deposits are those deposited so that a large amount of organic waste can be treated at once, or those filled in a tank or the like. If the deposited depth in the vertical direction is too shallow, the processing efficiency is poor because it takes an area, but if it is too deep, it becomes difficult to maintain the conditions described later in the vertical direction. The appropriate depth of deposition varies depending on the means used for the treatment, but for example, from a means of turning with a scoop or the like to a means of stirring on a large scale with a shovel car or the like, it can be considered to be about 0.2 to 5.0 m. When it is assumed that an existing organic waste treatment tank or its stirring device is used, about 1.0 to 2.5 m is preferable.

次に、空間率、すなわち処理を行う際の有機性廃棄物に対して空間が占める割合は、上下方向に略等しい間隙を形成している必要がある。有機性廃棄物を処理する際に、有機性廃棄物の上部から下部にかけて均一な空間率を有するように維持されている。上部から下部に均一に空気が供給され、また水分や温度などの条件も略等しくなりやすいことによっても、好気的な発酵が促進される作用もある。   Next, the space ratio, that is, the ratio of the space to the organic waste at the time of processing, needs to form a gap that is substantially equal in the vertical direction. When processing organic waste, it maintains so that it may have a uniform space ratio from the upper part to the lower part of organic waste. Air is uniformly supplied from the upper part to the lower part, and conditions such as moisture and temperature are likely to be substantially equal, so that aerobic fermentation is promoted.

空間率の割合は、好気的な発酵に適切な範囲として、20〜40%が維持されていることが望ましい。空間が少ないと、嫌気性の発酵が起こりやすい環境となってしまう。特に微生物の活動をバランスよく起こりやすいようにするためには、25〜35%、30%前後が望ましい。   As for the ratio of a space rate, it is desirable that 20 to 40% is maintained as a suitable range for aerobic fermentation. If there is little space, an anaerobic fermentation is likely to occur. In particular, in order to facilitate the activity of microorganisms in a well-balanced manner, it is desirable that the content is about 25 to 35% and about 30%.

有機性廃棄物の処理は、上記の空間率を形成しつつ行う。有機性廃棄物は、好気性の発酵が進行するごとに圧縮されてゆくので、次第に空間が減ってゆくためである。空間の形成によって、有機性廃棄物に対して一様に、外気から供給された空気が混ざり、酸素が供給される。   The treatment of organic waste is performed while forming the above-described space ratio. This is because the organic waste is compressed as the aerobic fermentation progresses, so the space gradually decreases. By forming the space, the air supplied from the outside air is uniformly mixed with the organic waste, and oxygen is supplied.

空間の形成は、上記の条件を維持できるならばいかなる手段を用いてもよく、例えば堆積物を撹拌することによってショベルなどを用いた撹拌(いわゆる切り返し)や、従来の肥料の生成に使用されている撹拌手段、各種の肥料撹拌装置などでもよい。特に上下方向の撹拌は、空間率だけでなく水分や温度の条件も上下方向に一様にすることができるので適している。撹拌は不十分であると、上記の空間率を維持することができない。また、撹拌しすぎると、押しつぶされてしまうため、やはり上記の空間率を維持できない。上記の空間を維持できるような手段、条件を調整しつつ行う。特に好適なのが、特許文献2に記載されている撹拌方法であり、特に家畜から排出される汚水などの大容量の場合や水分が多い場合に適しているほか、あらゆる有機性廃棄物に応用することができる。   For the formation of the space, any means can be used as long as the above conditions can be maintained. For example, the agitation is performed by using a shovel or the like by stirring the deposit (so-called turning), or used for the production of conventional fertilizer. A stirring means, various fertilizer stirring devices, etc. may be used. In particular, stirring in the vertical direction is suitable because not only the space ratio but also moisture and temperature conditions can be made uniform in the vertical direction. If the stirring is insufficient, the above-mentioned space ratio cannot be maintained. Moreover, since it will be crushed when it stirs too much, it cannot maintain said space ratio again. It is performed while adjusting the means and conditions that can maintain the above space. Particularly suitable is the stirring method described in Patent Document 2, which is particularly suitable for large volumes such as sewage discharged from livestock and when there is a lot of moisture, and is applicable to any organic waste. be able to.

次に、処理を行う際の有機性廃棄物中の水分は、20〜80重量%になるよう水分を調整する。水分は20重量%を下回ると微生物が活動せず、80重量%を上回ると、発酵は起こるものの、嫌気性の微生物の代謝が増える。特に水分は30〜60重量%、50重量%前後であると、特に微生物の活動がバランスよく起こりやすいため望ましい。水分を調整する手段として、堆積物の下部の水分がたまりやすい箇所から水分を排出し、別の処理手段へと流す方法がある。また、排出した水分をさらに堆積物の上部から導入、例えば散布などを行って、堆積物の水分の割合を調整する手段などをとることができる。   Next, moisture is adjusted so that the moisture in the organic waste during the treatment is 20 to 80% by weight. If the water content is less than 20% by weight, the microorganisms do not act. If the water content exceeds 80% by weight, the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms increases although fermentation occurs. In particular, the water content is preferably 30 to 60% by weight and around 50% by weight because the activity of microorganisms is particularly likely to occur in a well-balanced manner. As a means for adjusting the moisture, there is a method in which the moisture is discharged from a portion where the moisture in the lower part of the deposit is likely to collect and then flows to another processing means. Further, it is possible to take a means for adjusting the ratio of moisture in the deposit by introducing the discharged moisture from the upper part of the deposit, for example, spraying.

次に、有機性廃棄物の処理は微生物添加物の存在下で行う。微生物添加物は、本発明者らが特許文献1で開示している、多種の微生物と栄養素を含む添加物であり、正常な生理的な微生物作用を促進する。微生物添加物は特許文献1で示されているように、家畜の消化器内での排泄物に対する微生物反応のバランスを調整するが、本構成のような外気に触れる環境である有機性廃棄物の処理においても、微生物作用を調整、促進すると考えられ、好気性の反応をうながすと思われる。本構成においては、好気性の発酵を行う微生物を補充すると共に、有機性廃棄物中の微生物の働きを調整し、雑多な微生物の増殖、活動によって起こりやすい嫌気性発酵を抑える作用があると考えられる。また、反応を促進して反応環境の温度を高めることによっても、好気性の反応を促す。   The organic waste is then treated in the presence of microbial additives. The microbial additive is an additive containing various microorganisms and nutrients disclosed by the present inventors in Patent Document 1, and promotes normal physiological microbial action. As shown in Patent Document 1, the microbial additive adjusts the balance of the microbial reaction to the excrement in the digestive organs of livestock. In the treatment, it is thought to regulate and promote the microbial action and to promote an aerobic reaction. In this configuration, microorganisms that perform aerobic fermentation are supplemented, and the action of microorganisms in organic waste is adjusted to suppress anaerobic fermentation that is likely to occur due to miscellaneous microorganism growth and activity. It is done. It also promotes aerobic reactions by increasing the temperature of the reaction environment by promoting the reaction.

微生物添加物は、好気性の発酵を促進するためには、有機性廃棄物に対して0.01〜1.0重量%で使用することができる。さらに、下記するような水分、空間の条件において最も好適に好気性の発酵を行うには、0.02〜0.5重量%が望ましい。   The microbial additive can be used at 0.01-1.0% by weight with respect to the organic waste to promote aerobic fermentation. Furthermore, 0.02 to 0.5% by weight is desirable for performing aerobic fermentation most suitably under the conditions of moisture and space as described below.

微生物添加物に含まれる微生物については、詳細は特許文献1に記載されているが、その必須成分として、ペジオコックス属細菌、酵母細胞、桿菌(バチラス属微生物)、連鎖球菌及びブドウ状菌を含むことで上記の働きを持つ。
本実施形態においては、a)ペジオコックス属ペントサシュース(Pediococcus pentosaceus); b)ペジオコックス属アシヂラクチシ(Pediococcus acidilactici); c)ピシア属ファリノーサ(Picia farinosa); d)デッケラ属ブラッセレンシス(Dekkera bruxellensis); e)桿菌(バチラス属微生物)(Bacilli); f)連鎖球菌(Streptococci);及び g)ブドウ状球菌(Staphylococci)から選択された上記の必須成分を含む。
The microorganisms contained in the microbial additive are described in detail in Patent Document 1, but include pediococcus bacteria, yeast cells, koji molds (Bacillus microorganisms), streptococci and staphylococci as essential components. With the above work.
In this embodiment, a) Pediococcus pentosaceus; b) Pediococcus acidilactici; c) Pichia falinosa; b) derx F) containing the above essential components selected from Bacilli; f) Streptococci; and g) Staphylococci.

さらに、微生物添加物は、加水分解又は消化酵素、有機酸とバクテリオシンを含むことが望ましい。具体的には、上記 a)〜g)の微生物を含むほかに、以下のような特性も持つことが望ましい。
(1)以下のような加水分解活性を示す「消化酵素」である酵素: h)タンパク分解酵素、例えばトリプシン及びペプチダーセ様活性を示す; i)炭水化物開裂酵素、例えばアミラーゼ及びセルラーゼ様活性を示す; j)リポリティック(Lipolytic)酵素、例えばトリアシルグリセロラーゼ様活性を示す; k)ペルオキシダーゼ酵素、例えばカタラーゼ様活性;及び l)トランスフェラーゼ、例えばアシルトランスフェラーゼ様活性を示す; を含み、
以下の有機酸: m)乳酸; n)酢酸;及び o)琥珀酸の中、少なくとも三つを含み、
以下のバクテリオシン: q)ペヂオシン(Pediocin)A、ニシン(Nisin)、ペヂオシンAcH及びP.アシヂラクチス(acidilactice)PAC1.0を含むこと。
In addition, the microbial additive preferably includes hydrolytic or digestive enzymes, organic acids and bacteriocin. Specifically, in addition to the microorganisms a) to g), it is desirable to have the following characteristics.
(1) Enzymes that are “digestive enzymes” exhibiting hydrolytic activity as follows: h) exhibiting proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and peptidase-like activity; i) exhibiting carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes such as amylase and cellulase-like activity; j) a lipolytic enzyme, such as a triacylglycerolase-like activity; k) a peroxidase enzyme, such as a catalase-like activity; and 1) a transferase, eg, an acyltransferase-like activity;
The following organic acids: m) lactic acid; n) acetic acid; and o) at least three of succinic acid,
The following bacteriocins: q) Pediocin A, Nisin, Pediocin AcH and P. a. Containing acidilactic PAC 1.0.

(2)水を約8〜15%、全タンパク質を約15〜30%、全リピド(脂質)を0.5〜5%、線維類を約5〜20%、灰分(ミネラル)類を約8〜20%、窒素非含有可溶物を約30〜50%、
活(live)ペジオコックス属ペントサシュースを約6×104〜3×109/gram、活ペジオコックス属アシヂラクチシを約1×103〜1×107/gram、ピシア属ファリノーサを約2×103〜1×108/gram、デッケラ属ブラッセレンシスを約2×103〜2×108/gram、連鎖球菌を約2×103〜4×108/gram、桿菌を約8×102〜6×107/gram、ブドウ状球菌を約6×104〜6×107/gram、
乳酸を約0.2〜5%、酢酸を約0.1〜3%、琥珀酸を約0.01〜2%含み、
且つ乾量で約2〜15MJ/kgのエネルギー量を有すること。
(2) About 8 to 15% of water, about 15 to 30% of total protein, 0.5 to 5% of total lipid (lipid), about 5 to 20% of fibers, and about 8 of ash (mineral) ~ 20%, nitrogen-free solubles about 30-50%,
About 6 × 10 4 to 3 × 10 9 / gram of live pediococcus pent sassu, about 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 7 / gram of active pediococcus ashidirakushi, about 2 × 10 3 to 1 of pysia genus × 10 8 / gram, Dekkera spp black selenium cis about 2 × 10 3 ~2 × 10 8 / gram, Streptococcus about 2 × 10 3 ~4 × 10 8 / gram, bacilli about 8 × 10 2 to 6 × 10 7 / gram, about 6 × 10 4 to 6 × 10 7 / gram of staphylococci,
About 0.2-5% lactic acid, about 0.1-3% acetic acid, about 0.01-2% succinic acid,
And it has an energy amount of about 2 to 15 MJ / kg in dry amount.

これらの微生物を、例えば穀物や穀物粉などの栄養供給ができる素材や他の栄養素に添加し、微生物添加物とすることができる。なお、この微生物添加物は、上記微生物を食品素材、たとえば米ぬか、大豆などと混ぜて、家畜用の飼料への添加物として調整された後のものを、そのまま本構成の微生物添加物として有機性廃棄物の処理方法に用いてもよい。   These microorganisms can be added to a material capable of supplying nutrients such as cereals and cereal flour and other nutrients to obtain a microbial additive. This microbial additive is prepared by mixing the above microorganisms with food materials such as rice bran, soybeans, etc., and adjusting the microbial additive as an additive to livestock feed. You may use for the processing method of a waste material.

有機性廃棄物の処理は、嫌気性の反応を避け好気的な反応が行われるためには、60℃以上を保ったまま行われることが望ましい。特に、好気的な反応が好適に行われるには70℃以上が望ましい。一般に有機性廃棄物の堆積物は、外気に触れ続けている上部に温度の低下を招き、その部分に嫌気性の発酵が起こりやすくなる。このとき、処理される有機性廃棄物の空間率の形成を、上下方向の撹拌によって行うことで、温度が高くなる下部と温度を均一にすることができる。ただし、頻繁に撹拌しすぎて外気の導入を行いすぎると、処理している有機性廃棄物の全体の温度の低下を招くことがあるので、好気性の発酵が好適に行われず、嫌気性の発酵が起こりやすい環境を作ってしまう。そのため、撹拌条件は好適な温度を調整できるよう、測定しつつ、または実験的に確立した条件で行う。   In order to avoid anaerobic reaction and perform an aerobic reaction, it is desirable that the treatment of organic waste is performed while maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C. or higher. In particular, 70 ° C. or higher is desirable for an aerobic reaction to be suitably performed. In general, organic waste deposits cause a temperature drop in the upper part that is kept in contact with the outside air, and anaerobic fermentation tends to occur in that part. At this time, by forming the porosity of the organic waste to be treated by stirring in the vertical direction, it is possible to make the temperature lower and the temperature uniform. However, too much agitation and excessive introduction of outside air may lead to a decrease in the overall temperature of the organic waste being treated, so aerobic fermentation is not suitably performed and anaerobic It creates an environment where fermentation is likely to occur. Therefore, stirring conditions are performed under measurement or experimentally established conditions so that a suitable temperature can be adjusted.

また、処理条件としては、好気性の発酵を促進するためには通気用のブロワー設備を用いることが望ましい。ブロワーがない場合、特に発酵槽の積層高が高い場合には、アンモニア臭が強くなることを本発明者は確認しており、嫌気性の発酵が行われやすくなると考えられる。   Moreover, as processing conditions, in order to promote aerobic fermentation, it is desirable to use the blower equipment for ventilation | gas_flowing. When there is no blower, especially when the stack height of the fermenter is high, the present inventors have confirmed that the ammonia odor becomes strong, and it is considered that anaerobic fermentation is likely to be performed.

この方法により処理された有機性廃棄物は、有機性廃棄物由来肥料として利用できる。この有機性廃棄物由来肥料は、上記の微生物添加物を0.1〜1.0重量%含む。pHは4〜10の範囲にある。嫌気性の発酵では酸が生成してpHが落ちるので、主に好気性の反応により処理されることでpHが4〜10の範囲となっている必要がある。また土壌への適正からも、この範囲を外れないことが望ましい。C/N比すなわち炭素量/窒素量の比は5〜40の範囲にある。この範囲を外れると、炭素あるいは窒素が過剰となり土壌に対して好適ではない。この有機性廃棄物由来肥料は主に好気性の発酵が行われることでこの範囲を維持する。土壌に対する適正からは、C/N比は15〜20の範囲にあることがさらに望ましい。   The organic waste treated by this method can be used as an organic waste-derived fertilizer. This organic waste-derived fertilizer contains 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the above microbial additive. The pH is in the range of 4-10. In anaerobic fermentation, acid is generated and the pH is lowered, so that the pH needs to be in the range of 4 to 10 by being mainly treated by an aerobic reaction. Moreover, it is desirable not to deviate from this range from the suitability for soil. The C / N ratio, that is, the carbon / nitrogen ratio is in the range of 5-40. Outside this range, carbon or nitrogen becomes excessive, which is not suitable for soil. This organic waste-derived fertilizer maintains this range by mainly aerobic fermentation. In view of suitability for soil, the C / N ratio is more preferably in the range of 15-20.

〔第1の実施形態〕
第1の実施形態では、上記空間率の形成は、上記堆積物を1時間あたり200〜400立方mの速度で撹拌し、上記水分の調整は、上記堆積物の上下方向で略中央部の水分調整領域の水分が20〜80重量%になるよう上記堆積物の上方から調整し、上記発酵は、上記堆積物の温度を60〜80℃に維持しつつ、2〜8日間発酵させる。
[First Embodiment]
In the first embodiment, the formation of the space ratio stirs the deposit at a speed of 200 to 400 cubic meters per hour, and the adjustment of the moisture is performed at a substantially central portion in the vertical direction of the deposit. It adjusts from the upper direction of the said sediment so that the water | moisture content of an adjustment area | region may be 20-80 weight%, The said fermentation is fermented for 2-8 days, maintaining the temperature of the said deposit at 60-80 degreeC.

空間率の形成を撹拌で行うことは、上下方向の空間率を適切に形成するほかに、上下方向をはじめ有機性廃棄物の堆積物の水分や温度の条件を均一にする手段としてのものである。1時間あたり200〜400立方mの速度の条件での撹拌を行うことは、適切な速度で撹拌することで、遅すぎる撹拌によって条件の不均一が生じることや、早すぎる撹拌による空間の潰れなどを防ぐためのものである。   In addition to forming the space ratio in the vertical direction appropriately, the formation of the space ratio by agitation is a means to make the moisture and temperature conditions of the organic waste deposit uniform, including the vertical direction. is there. When stirring at a speed of 200 to 400 cubic meters per hour, stirring at an appropriate speed may cause unevenness of conditions due to too slow stirring, collapse of the space due to too early stirring, etc. Is to prevent.

水分の条件は、有機性廃棄物中のどの領域であっても均一であることは望ましいが、処理中には水が下部に流れることで、有機性廃棄物の上部は水分が少なめであり、下部は多めとなるため、中央部にある水分調整領域に対して、20〜80重量%の範囲内を維持することとしている。   It is desirable that the moisture condition is uniform in any region of the organic waste, but the water flows to the lower part during the treatment, and the upper part of the organic waste has less water. Since the lower part is larger, the range of 20 to 80% by weight is maintained with respect to the moisture adjustment region in the central part.

前記のような条件で処理することにより、微生物添加物の働きと空間、水分条件によって60〜80℃の温度が維持されて好気的な発酵が行われる。この発酵を2〜8日間、70℃以上の適度な温度が保たれている場合は好ましくは3〜5日間行うと、有機性廃棄物が処理され、有機性廃棄物由来肥料となる。   By performing the treatment under the conditions as described above, a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. is maintained depending on the action of the microbial additive, the space, and the moisture condition, and aerobic fermentation is performed. When this fermentation is carried out for 2 to 8 days and at an appropriate temperature of 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 3 to 5 days, the organic waste is processed to become an organic waste-derived fertilizer.

この実施形態は、特許文献2に示されているような汚水処理装置を用いて行うことができる。この汚水処理装置では、有機性廃棄物は家畜から排泄された汚水を用いている。   This embodiment can be performed using a sewage treatment apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 2. In this sewage treatment apparatus, organic waste uses sewage excreted from livestock.

この実施形態では、撹拌手段を用いて垂直または斜めに汚水が撹拌される。特に、特許文献2に示される汚水処理装置においては、1本または複数本のスクリューを、汚水に対して上方から垂直または斜めに差し込み回転させる手段を用いている。垂直に撹拌されることで、汚水の上部から下部にわたって空気が入るので、汚水全体に対して空間率を高めやすい。また、処理槽内を水平方向に移動させて攪拌を行う撹拌手段を用いているので、処理槽内の多量の汚水が均一に撹拌され、汚水内に同じ条件が保たれ、多量の汚水が撹拌される。   In this embodiment, the sewage is stirred vertically or obliquely using the stirring means. In particular, in the sewage treatment apparatus shown in Patent Document 2, means for inserting and rotating one or a plurality of screws vertically or obliquely from above with respect to the sewage is used. By stirring vertically, air enters from the upper part to the lower part of the sewage, so that it is easy to increase the space ratio of the entire sewage. In addition, since a stirring means that moves the inside of the treatment tank in the horizontal direction and performs stirring is used, a large amount of sewage in the treatment tank is uniformly stirred, the same conditions are maintained in the sewage, and a large amount of sewage is stirred. Is done.

さらに、垂直方向の撹拌によって汚水の処理槽内での上部から下部にかけて空気が入り、さらに該撹拌によって、その空気が外気との間で循環し、入れ替わっているため、汚水から空気に対する蒸散が促進される。この蒸散によって、汚水の過剰な水分が除かれる。   In addition, air enters from the upper part to the lower part in the wastewater treatment tank by vertical stirring, and further, the air circulates and exchanges with the outside air by the stirring. Is done. This transpiration removes excess water from the sewage.

また、この汚水処理装置では、上記処理槽の下部に溜まる水分を回収して、上記処理槽内に散布する手段を設けている。そのため、処理槽の下部において水分が多すぎるということがなく、処理槽の上部と下部で水分の含有率を均一に近くすることができ、略中央部の水分調整領域には20〜80重量%の水分が保たれている。   The sewage treatment apparatus is provided with a means for collecting the water accumulated in the lower part of the treatment tank and spreading it in the treatment tank. Therefore, there is no excessive moisture in the lower part of the treatment tank, and the moisture content can be made nearly uniform in the upper and lower parts of the treatment tank. The moisture is kept.

これらの働きによって、適度な水分を保ちつつ、固形物と水分を分離することなく、均一な水分含有量を備えつつ撹拌することができる。なお、この汚水処理装置では、汚水の過剰な水分はバーク等の水分調整材に散布され攪拌されて処理されるとともに、水分調整材に混ざらなかった水分は回収され再び水分調整材に散布されて処理される手段も採用されている。   By these functions, it is possible to stir with a uniform moisture content while maintaining appropriate moisture and without separating solids and moisture. In this sewage treatment apparatus, excess water of sewage is sprayed on a moisture adjusting material such as bark and stirred and treated, and moisture not mixed in the moisture adjusting material is recovered and sprayed again on the moisture adjusting material. Means to be processed are also employed.

これらの作用によって、汚水は水分が調整され、20〜80重量%の適度な水分が維持されつつ、発酵が行われる。微生物添加物の添加量は、有機性廃棄物に対して0.01〜1.0重量%で行うことができるが、この汚水処理装置では、特に空間率と水分が好適に維持されるために、微生物添加物の添加量が最低限でも問題なく処理することができ、具体的には0.01〜0.03重量%でも可能である。   By these actions, the water of the sewage is adjusted, and fermentation is performed while maintaining an appropriate water content of 20 to 80% by weight. The microbial additive can be added in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0% by weight with respect to the organic waste. In this sewage treatment apparatus, however, the space ratio and moisture are particularly suitably maintained. Moreover, even if the addition amount of the microorganism additive is minimal, it can be processed without any problem, specifically, 0.01 to 0.03% by weight is possible.

この方法によって得られた有機性廃棄物由来肥料は、上記の微生物添加物を0.01〜1.0重量%含んでいる。特に、微生物のうち、酵母の割合が多いことを特徴とする。好適な好気性の分解が行われているため、有機性廃棄物の線維質を分解する酵母が多く繁殖し、活動しており、他の微生物が少ないためである。この反応により、嫌気性の発酵が抑えられ、好気性の発酵の促進により生成されており、均一によく発酵された良質の肥料となっている。pHは4〜10、C/N比の比は5〜40の範囲にあり、土壌に対して良影響を及ぼす。   The organic waste-derived fertilizer obtained by this method contains 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of the above microbial additive. In particular, it is characterized by a large proportion of yeast among microorganisms. This is because, since a suitable aerobic decomposition is performed, many yeasts that decompose the fiber of organic waste are bred and active, and there are few other microorganisms. By this reaction, anaerobic fermentation is suppressed, and it is produced by promoting aerobic fermentation, resulting in a high-quality fertilizer that is uniformly and well fermented. The pH is in the range of 4 to 10 and the ratio of C / N ratio is in the range of 5 to 40, which has a positive effect on the soil.

〔その他の実施形態〕
本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものでなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内での種々、設計変更した形態を技術的範囲に含まれるものである。
[Other Embodiments]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various technically modified embodiments are included in the technical scope without departing from the gist of the invention described in the claims. .

(微生物添加物の作製)
以下の微生物: a)ペジオコックス属ペントサシュース(Pediococcus pentosaceus); b)ペジオコックス属アシヂラクチシ(Pediococcus acidilactici); c)ピシア属ファリノーサ(Picia farinosa); d)デッケラ属ブラッセレンシス(Dekkera bruxellensis); e)桿菌(バチラス属微生物)(Bacilli); f)連鎖球菌(Streptococci); 及びg)ブドウ状球菌(Staphylococci)を含む、12kgの土壌(soil)を、30kgの米ぬか、1kgの大豆粉末及び14リットルの水と混合した。混合物を50℃で12時間加熱した。12時間後、温度を35℃に下げ、混合物をこの温度に48時間保った後、これを含水率約6%まで乾燥し、保存培養とした。
(Preparation of microbial additive)
The following microorganisms: a) Pediococcus pentosaceus; b) Pediococcus acidilactici; c) Pichia ferinosa; F) Streptococci; and g) 12 kg of soil containing Staphylococci, 30 kg of rice bran, 1 kg of soy flour and 14 liters of water. Mixed. The mixture was heated at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. After 12 hours, the temperature was lowered to 35 ° C. and the mixture was kept at this temperature for 48 hours, after which it was dried to a moisture content of about 6% and used as a preservation culture.

ついで、500kgの米ぬかを、1.4kgの上記保存培養と混合した。水を加えて含水率を35%に上げ、混合物を10〜15cmの層にのばし、プラスチックフィルムで覆い、水の蒸発を防いだ。8日後に発酵を完了した。ついで、プラスチックフィルムを除去し、生成物を含水率約7〜9%まで乾燥したものを微生物添加物Aとした。なお、この微生物添加物Aは直ちに用いられるか、引き続く使用のために紙袋等で包装される。   Then 500 kg of rice bran was mixed with 1.4 kg of the above preservation culture. Water was added to raise the moisture content to 35% and the mixture was spread on 10-15 cm layers and covered with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation. The fermentation was completed after 8 days. Subsequently, the plastic film was removed, and the product dried to a moisture content of about 7 to 9% was designated as microorganism additive A. The microorganism additive A is used immediately or is packed in a paper bag or the like for subsequent use.

微生物添加物Aの成分を分析したところ、水分 8.1%、総タンパク質 22.7%、総脂質 3.1%、線維類 11.7%、灰分(ミネラル)類 14.6%、可溶性窒素非含有物質 39.8%、微生物の数 2×105〜3×109、エネルギー保有量 11.4MJ/kg乾量であった。 Analysis of the components of the microbial additive A revealed that the water content was 8.1%, the total protein 22.7%, the total lipid 3.1%, the fibers 11.7%, the ash (minerals) 14.6%, and the soluble nitrogen It was 39.8% of non-containing substances, the number of microorganisms 2 × 10 5 to 3 × 10 9 , and the amount of energy held was 11.4 MJ / kg dry weight.

(試験例1)
5.0tの畜糞を有機性廃棄物とし1kg(0.02重量%)の微生物添加物Aを加え、4日間処理を行った。処理条件は、
実施例1:12×50×1.8mの処理槽に、畜糞を深さ1.4〜1.7mの堆積物とし、処理槽内を上下方向〜斜めに撹拌でき水平移動が可能なスクリュー2本と、処理槽の下部にたまった汚水を回収して処理槽の上部の堆積物から散布する散布装置を備えた装置を用い、1時間あたり250〜350立方mで撹拌しつつ行った。
比較例1:従来の堆積による醗酵処理を行った。
(Test Example 1)
1 kg (0.02 wt%) of microbial additive A was added to 5.0 t of livestock feces as organic waste, and the treatment was performed for 4 days. Processing conditions are
Example 1: A screw 2 capable of moving horizontally in a vertical direction and obliquely stirring in a treatment tank with livestock excrement as a deposit having a depth of 1.4 to 1.7 m in a treatment tank of 12 × 50 × 1.8 m. This was carried out while stirring at 250 to 350 cubic meters per hour using a book and a device equipped with a spraying device for collecting the sewage collected in the lower part of the treatment tank and spreading it from the deposits on the upper part of the treatment tank.
Comparative example 1: The fermentation process by conventional deposition was performed.

実施例1では、空間率は25〜35%、水分含有率は略中央部の水分調整領域において45〜55重量%前後がほぼ維持されていた。温度は、4日目には60〜70℃となっていた。
比較例1では、処理されている有機性廃棄物は、一部で押し固められている部分ができていたり、水分含有率が一様になっていなかった。その結果、空間率が20%未満となっている箇所や、水分含有率が20〜80%の範囲を外れていると思われる箇所が多く認められた。
In Example 1, the space ratio was approximately 25 to 35%, and the moisture content was substantially maintained at approximately 45 to 55% by weight in the moisture adjustment region at the substantially central portion. The temperature was 60-70 ° C. on the fourth day.
In Comparative Example 1, the organic waste being processed had a part that was partially compacted, or the moisture content was not uniform. As a result, many locations where the space ratio was less than 20% and locations where the moisture content was considered to be outside the range of 20 to 80% were recognized.

処理後に、両者の発生するアンモニア濃度を、処理物の表面から0.5mの距離での空気中の濃度測定によって測定した。その結果、実施例1では40ppm、比較例1では1000ppmのアンモニア発生量となった。
この処理方法をとることで、アンモニアの発生量がおよそ25分の1に抑えられた。またアンモニアの発生が少ないことから、嫌気性の発酵が抑えられていることが示された。
After the treatment, the ammonia concentration generated by both was measured by measuring the concentration in air at a distance of 0.5 m from the surface of the treated product. As a result, the amount of ammonia generated was 40 ppm in Example 1 and 1000 ppm in Comparative Example 1.
By using this treatment method, the amount of ammonia generated was reduced to about 1/25. Moreover, since there was little generation | occurrence | production of ammonia, it was shown that anaerobic fermentation is suppressed.

(試験例2)
有気性廃棄物の堆積物として、2立方mの牛糞を堆積したものに対して、各実施例、比較例ごとに表1の添加物を加え、ショベルにより撹拌(切り返し)を行い、空間率を25〜30%、水分を60〜70%程度に維持しつつ、30日間まで発酵を行った。発酵処理の間、外気の平均気温は10℃前後で維持されていた。
比較例2の添加物の脱脂ヌカは、微生物を外部から添加せずに、元から牛糞に含まれる微生物に対する栄養としての糖分のみを添加するためのものである。
撹拌を行う際に、切り返しで内部から露出した処理物に対して、温度とアンモニアの濃度を測定した。比較結果を表1に示す。
(Test Example 2)
Add the additives shown in Table 1 for each example and comparative example to the accumulation of 2 cubic m of cow dung as sediment of aerobic waste, and stir (turn back) with an excavator to determine the space ratio. Fermentation was performed for up to 30 days while maintaining the water content at about 25 to 30% and about 60 to 70%. During the fermentation process, the average temperature of the outside air was maintained at around 10 ° C.
The additive defatted nutka of Comparative Example 2 is for adding only the sugar as nutrition for the microorganisms originally contained in cow dung without adding microorganisms from the outside.
When stirring, the temperature and the concentration of ammonia were measured for the processed material exposed from the inside by turning over. The comparison results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 2010284608
Figure 2010284608

これらの結果から、有機性廃棄物の処理において、微生物添加物Aの添加を撹拌に組み合わせると、同じ撹拌条件であっても添加しないものよりも発酵温度が高くなり、また安定した高い温度が維持され、好気性の発酵を促進することが示された。
また、微生物添加物Aを加えると、無添加の場合や、元から有機性廃棄物に含まれる微生物に対する栄養のみである脱脂ヌカを加えた際よりも、アンモニア濃度が著しく低く、嫌気性の発酵が抑えられており、発酵が好気的に行われていることが示された。
From these results, in the treatment of organic waste, when the addition of microbial additive A is combined with stirring, the fermentation temperature is higher than that without addition even under the same stirring conditions, and a stable high temperature is maintained. And has been shown to promote aerobic fermentation.
In addition, when the microbial additive A is added, the concentration of ammonia is significantly lower than when no defatted or when defatted nuka that is only nutrients for microorganisms originally contained in organic waste is added, and anaerobic fermentation is performed. It was shown that fermentation was carried out aerobically.

本発明は農業や工業の廃棄物の処理の問題、資源の活用の問題、環境問題の解決にも大きく役立つものである。

The present invention is very useful for solving agricultural and industrial waste disposal problems, resource utilization problems, and environmental problems.

Claims (3)

有機性廃棄物の堆積物を上下方向で相等しい空間率で該空間率を20〜40%に形成するとともに、上記有機性廃棄物の20〜80重量%に水分を調整しつつ、ペジオコックス属細菌、酵母細胞、桿菌(バチラス属微生物)、連鎖球菌およびブドウ状菌を含む微生物添加物0.01〜1.0重量%の存在下で発酵させることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物処理方法。   The organic waste deposit is formed in the same vertical space ratio in the vertical direction so that the space ratio is 20 to 40%, and the moisture is adjusted to 20 to 80% by weight of the organic waste, while the Pediococcus spp. And fermenting in the presence of 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of a microbial additive comprising yeast cells, koji molds (Bacillus microorganisms), streptococci and staphylococci. 上記微生物添加物が、a)ペジオコックス属ペントサシュース(Pediococcus pentosaceus); b)ペジオコックス属アシヂラクチシ(Pediococcus acidilactici); c)ピシア属ファリノーサ(Picia farinosa); d)デッケラ属ブラッセレンシス(Dekkera bruxellensis); e)桿菌(バチラス属微生物)(Bacilli); f)連鎖球菌(Streptococci);及び g)ブドウ状球菌(Staphylococci)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の有機性廃棄物処理方法。   The microbial additive comprises: a) Pediococcus pentosaceus; b) Pediococcus acidilactici; c) Pichia ferinosa; b) 2. The organic waste treatment method according to claim 1, comprising: Bacilli; f) Streptococci; and g) Staphylococci. 上記空間率は、上記堆積物を1時間あたり200〜400立方mの速度で撹拌し、
上記水分の調整は、上記堆積物の上下方向で略中央部の水分調整領域の水分が20〜80重量%になるよう上記堆積物の上方から調整し、
上記発酵は、上記堆積物の温度を60〜80℃に維持しつつ、2〜8日間発酵させることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機性廃棄物処理方法。
The porosity is agitated at a rate of 200 to 400 cubic meters per hour,
The adjustment of the moisture is adjusted from above the deposit so that the moisture in the moisture adjustment region in the substantially central portion is 20 to 80% by weight in the vertical direction of the deposit,
The organic waste treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation is performed for 2 to 8 days while maintaining the temperature of the deposit at 60 to 80 ° C.
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