JP2010240630A - Deodorization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a deodorization apparatus which sufficiently satisfies a requirement of causing a sufficient deodorization effect on complex malodor in a relatively high concentration, regarding an apparatus for deodorizing the malodorous gas generated in treatment facilities such as animal housing facilities, sewage treatment plants, municipal refuse treatment facilities, fish food preservation facilities, etc. by directly decomposing malodorous components due to direct reaction of electrons on the malodorous components by passing the malodorous gas in plasma generated by electric discharge of discharge electrodes and at the same time by directly decomposing the malodorous components also by radicals generated in plasma. <P>SOLUTION: Discharge electrodes for generating plasma and an adsorption filter are installed in a housing having a suction port and a discharge port while the adsorption filter being arranged downstream of the discharge electrodes to adsorb and remove malodorous components which are not oxidized and decomposed by the discharge electrodes and also a washing nozzle for washing out stains of the discharge electrodes and regenerating the discharge electrodes is installed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is a deodorizing apparatus capable of efficiently removing unpleasant odor components in gas generated from processing facilities such as animal breeding facilities, sewage treatment facilities, garbage processing facilities, and fish storage facilities.

  Odor gas generated from animal breeding facilities, sewage treatment facilities, waste treatment facilities, fish meat storage facilities, etc. is surely removed from those facilities to the outdoors due to the increased environment. There is a need for deodorization. In particular, the odor gas contains basic components such as ammonia, monomethylamine, and trimethylamine, and sulfur-based or VOC such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, and methyl mercaptan, and other organic odor components. It is necessary to remove odor components.

  Various methods such as activated carbon adsorption method, chemical solution cleaning method, biological deodorization method, ozone deodorization method and photocatalyst method are known as deodorization methods of odor gas containing these odor components. Recently, activated carbon adsorption method and photocatalyst method are used. Is often used. The activated carbon adsorption method is a method of adsorbing and removing odorous components in odorous gas by placing a tower or layer filled with activated carbon or impregnated activated carbon impregnated with chemicals across the flow path of the gas to be treated containing odorous components. . The photocatalytic method is a method in which a honeycomb body having a photocatalytic thin film attached to a ceramic honeycomb is disposed to adsorb and remove odor components in odor gas.

  However, the activated carbon adsorption method generally has a relatively low initial cost and the removal of odorous components is relatively reliable. However, depending on the concentration of the odorous components, it is necessary to frequently change the adsorbent, which increases the running cost. There is concern about taking too much.

  On the other hand, the photocatalytic method has a problem that the reaction decomposition rate is slow, the outlet gas concentration becomes high, moisture adheres to the catalyst surface, sulfur adheres to the catalyst, and the performance deteriorates. Have.

  Recently, a plasma deodorization method using electric discharge has been studied as a new method different from the above deodorization. In this method, when the gas to be treated passes through the plasma discharge electrode, the odorous component is oxidized and decomposed by active radicals generated from the discharge electrode to deodorize it.

  However, in this method, unreacted odor components pass through the discharge electrode, or a large amount of difficult-to-decompose substances such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate adhere to the discharge electrode due to discharge, generating active radicals due to plasma discharge. Therefore, there is a problem that oxidative decomposition of odor components becomes difficult and deodorization is not sufficient.

Problems to be solved by the invention

  Accordingly, the present invention is intended to solve these problems, and a first object is to deodorize a complex odor generated at a relatively high concentration generated from a treatment facility such as an animal breeding facility, a sewage treatment plant facility, or a waste treatment facility. It is a thing.

  Another object of the present invention is to achieve an excellent deodorizing effect on a complex odor generated at a relatively high concentration from a treatment facility and to reduce the operating cost.

  Another object of the present invention is to remove dust and dirt contained in a complex odor generated from a treatment facility.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an antibacterial effect and an antibacterial and bactericidal effect on adhering bacteria and fungi, thereby enabling the removal of fungi and other microorganisms and the bactericidal and deodorizing effect.

  Another object of the present invention is to maintain an excellent deodorizing performance for a long time.

Means for solving the problem

  The first solving means of the present invention comprises a pre-filter, a discharge electrode for generating plasma, a cleaning nozzle for cleaning and regenerating dirt from the discharge electrode, and an adsorption filter in a housing in which a suction port and a discharge port are formed. An attempt is made to provide a deodorizing device characterized by this.

  The second solving means of the present invention is characterized in that a medium performance filter or a catalyst filter is disposed between the discharge electrode for generating plasma and the adsorption filter.

  Here, the discharge electrode is a state of a gas rich in ions and electrons obtained by applying an ultrashort pulse or a high-frequency high electric field to molecules and electrons in the gas to accelerate only the electrons to generate an avalanche. That is, it has a function of generating plasma. Then, radicals are generated by applying dissociation energy by high-pressure discharge in the odor gas sent to the electrode. That is, electrons released into the air by discharge collide with gas molecules in oxygen, moisture, and odor gas to activate the molecules. Some of the active molecules are dissociated into radicals, which are considered to oxidize and decompose odor components in odor gas or generate ozone. Ozone generated by radicals is also considered to contribute to the treatment of odor components. Moreover, the oxidative decomposition of the odor component is also performed by the energy of the discharge itself.

  There are two types of discharge electrodes, the pulse discharge electrode type and the creeping discharge electrode type. The pulse discharge electrode type is applied to large-capacity odor gas, and its principle is that the odor gas is passed through the plasma generated by the spatial discharge. Electrons directly act on the odor molecules to directly decompose the odor molecules, and the odor molecules are also directly decomposed by radicals generated by plasma. Furthermore, ozone is also generated at the same time as radicals, and odor components are intensely oxidized and decomposed by this ozone.

  Next, the creeping discharge electrode type is applied to a small-capacity odor gas, and the principle thereof is that radicals generated by plasma generated by creeping discharge along the dielectric act directly on the odor molecules to directly decompose the odor molecules. Furthermore, ozone is also generated at the same time as radicals, and odor molecules are intensely oxidized and decomposed by this ozone.

  Furthermore, a plurality of cleaning nozzles are arranged toward the discharge electrode, and when it reacts with the active gas generated by the discharge of the discharge electrode, sulfur is precipitated and salt is formed, and these substances do not leave as gas. Therefore, in order to prevent the processing capability of the electrode itself from being reduced and the deodorizing effect from being lowered, a cleaning liquid is jetted onto the electrode to clean the electrode surface.

  Next, the adsorption filter is composed of a rectangular hollow frame and an adsorption panel attached in an airtight manner in a zigzag manner inside the hollow frame.

  Further, the adsorption panel is constructed by filling an adsorbent into a panel case constituted by sticking a punching plate on both sides of a quadrilateral frame.

  Then, replacement of the adsorbent into the adsorbing panel is performed with the upper side of the panel case as a lid, and the adsorbent is taken in and out from above.

  Further, the adsorbent is in the form of particles or particles in which ion exchange groups are added to the base material by graft polymerization or chemical addition. The substrate may be an adsorptive substance that can graft polymerize ion exchange groups. For example, inorganic porous materials such as activated carbon, silica gel, and zeolite, and organic porous materials such as valves and polymer porous materials are used. Is done. In addition, fibrous activated carbon, ion exchange nonwoven fabric and the like are also employed.

  Examples of ion exchange groups include anion exchange groups that chemically adsorb organic acids such as acid gas and acetic acid gas, and cation exchange groups that adsorb alkaline gas such as ammonia. The anion exchange group is a strongly basic quaternary ammonium group, a weakly basic quaternary ammonium group, a weakly basic tertiary amine, a secondary amine, or caustic soda. The cation exchange group is a sulfonic acid group, A carboxyl group, a phosphate group, potassium hydroxide, etc. are used.

  As a method for graft polymerization of these exchange groups onto a substrate, a conventionally known graft polymerization method can be employed. For example, a radical is generated on the substrate by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, plasma, ionizing radiation, etc., and a predetermined exchange group is formed. It can be formed by polymerization.

  Further, a pre-filter is attached to the filter holding frame via a locking claw or the like at the odor gas suction port of the housing.

  The prefilter is a sheet of filter media formed of glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, or synthetic fiber such as polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyolefin fiber, or rayon fiber by a wet papermaking method, dry method, spunbond method, melt blow method, or the like. It is attached to the filter frame. The prefilter desirably has an average dust removal efficiency of 60 to 90% by weight.

  Furthermore, the medium-performance filter has a fiber diameter of 6 μm or less (center fiber diameter: around 3.5 μm) and a synthetic fiber such as glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyolefin fiber, or rayon fiber having a weight of 93% by weight or more. A single filter medium sheet formed by wet papermaking, dry process, spunbond process, melt blow process, etc., can be folded in a zigzag shape to form a filter medium, and appropriate separators can be sandwiched between the filter medium. It is formed in a cell shape with a bead applied between filter media folded in a zigzag shape so that the filter media are rigidly fixed so that they are not in close contact, and packing is attached up and down to provide airtightness. The filter sheet of the high-performance filter preferably has a sheet thickness of 0.2 to 2.0 mm and a collection efficiency of 30 to 70% with respect to particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 μm. Moreover, you may use the filter of a gravimetric method 60 to 70% according to the objective.

  Even if the efficiency and numbers are variously changed depending on the filter arrangement of each stage, the gist is not changed.

  Furthermore, the catalyst filter is a ceramic body with countless fine pores that uses a room temperature metal catalyst or an adsorbent as the main raw material, and is molded and fired into a honeycomb. Since the contact area is 10 times or more, the deodorization can be efficiently performed only by ventilating the odor gas. In addition, the adsorbent, which is the main raw material, captures and adsorbs odor components of various sizes. When the odor is high load, it supplements the odor. When the load is low, it gradually decomposes or dilutes and releases. Prompt. In the deodorization mechanism, when the odorous component contained in the aeration comes into contact with the filter surface and is absorbed by the fine pores, it undergoes oxidative decomposition by radicals or catalytic action in the material, and changes to an odorless / low odorous component. These are gradually released from the micropores, and the filter surface is again absorbed and decomposed by odor components.

  The effect | action by the said problem-solving means is as follows. First, odor gas generated from facilities such as an animal breeding facility and a sewage treatment plant facility is sucked into a housing through a pre-filter from a suction port of the housing by an intake operation of a separately disposed blower. Here, dust or dust contained in the odor gas is removed by a pre-filter. The odor component from which dust and dust are removed passes through a discharge electrode applied with a high voltage of several KV. At this time, since a corona discharge is generated from the discharge electrode and a plasma state is created, the malodorous gas is oxidized and decomposed into clean air by the generated oxygen radicals and hydroxyl radicals. However, the malodorous gas that still passes through is adsorbed by the adsorption filter and becomes reliable clean air and is discharged from the outlet of the housing. And by repeating the discharge, contaminants adhere to the discharge electrode and the discharge phenomenon is less likely to occur. However, since the cleaning nozzle is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the discharge electrode, the discharge electrode can be cleaned by driving the cleaning nozzle. Regeneration is ensured. By repeating the above operation, the odor gas generated from the contamination source is surely deodorized and removed.

  In the case of complex odors with relatively high concentrations, such as sewage treatment plants and waste treatment facilities, and malodorous gases generated from treatment facilities with large fluctuations in odor concentration, a catalyst filter is placed between the discharge electrode and the adsorption filter. By adsorbing unreacted odor components that could not be treated in the discharge part to the catalyst filter, the odor components adsorbed on the catalyst filter are reacted with active molecules generated in the discharge to oxidize the odor components. The deodorization efficiency is improved by promoting the above.

  Odor gas generated from animal breeding facilities is based on the animal's own odor and animal excreta, so the odor gas contains a lot of sticky debris and dust. An intermediate performance filter is provided to extend the life of the adsorption filter and to more reliably perform deodorization and dust removal of odor gas.

The invention's effect

As described above, the deodorizing apparatus of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) Since the deodorizing apparatus of the present invention is composed of a prefilter, a discharge electrode for generating plasma, a cleaning nozzle for cleaning and regenerating dirt from the discharge electrode, and an adsorption filter in a housing in which a suction port and a discharge port are formed. In addition, the structure is very simple and easy to handle, and the installation space can be reduced, simplifying local installation.
(2) The deodorizing effect is more reliable even for odor gas in a processing facility having a high concentration and a large variation in odor concentration.
(3) Oxidation and decomposition by radicals and ozone in the plasma action generated by the discharge of odor components, so it is effective as a deodorizing multi-component and also has a bactericidal effect, so it is also suitable for measures against mold, bacteria, and harmful gases It is.
(4) Since the cleaning nozzle for cleaning and regenerating dirt on the discharge electrode is provided, the deodorization performance of the discharge electrode of the deodorization apparatus can be maintained for a long time.
(5) The operation of the deodorizing device is only on / off of the switch, and the operation is very easy. Further, the adsorption filter can be replaced many times as compared with the conventional one, the running cost is reduced, and stable treatment can be performed for a long time at a low operation cost.
(6) While the operation of the deodorizing device is stopped, there is no characteristic deterioration and the device can always be operated with stable performance.
(7) Since a medium performance filter is provided between the discharge electrode and the adsorption filter, the life of the adsorption filter is extended and deodorization and dust removal are ensured even if the odor gas contains a lot of dust or dust. .
(8) Since the catalyst filter is provided between the discharge electrode and the adsorption filter, the life of the adsorption filter is extended and the deodorization and dust removal of the odor gas are ensured even if complex and high-concentration odor gas is contained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the present invention with a part cut away.

  Hereinafter, the deodorizing apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The case of deodorizing odorous gas generated from an animal breeding facility will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 1 denotes a housing, in which a suction port 2 is formed at one end of the housing 1 and a blowout port 3 is formed at the other end. A prefilter 4 is attached to the outlet 3.

  5 is a cylindrical discharge electrode installed in the odor gas passage, and the discharge electrode has a function of generating a corona discharge by applying a high voltage of several KV to create a plasma state.

  A plurality of cleaning nozzles 6 for cleaning dirt on the discharge electrode 5 are attached in front of the discharge electrode 5. The cleaning nozzle 6 ejects a liquid such as water through a pipe by a supply pump.

  A medium performance filter 7 is mounted behind the discharge electrode 5 across the gas passage. The medium performance filter 7 is selected variously depending on the type and amount of dust and dust contained in the odor gas.

  Behind the medium performance filter 7 is an adsorption filter 9 in which an adsorption panel 8 filled with an adsorbent obtained by graft polymerization of ion exchange groups is attached to the frame in a zigzag shape so as to cross the gas passage. Yes. Reference numeral 3 denotes an outlet for discharging clean air.

  Since the structure of the first embodiment is such a simple structure, the odor gas generated from the animal breeding facility by the air intake operation of the blower provided at an appropriate location communicating with the housing 1 is introduced into the housing 1 from the suction port 2 of the housing 1. Incorporated. The taken-in odor gas first removes relatively large dust such as dust and dust by the prefilter 4.

  Next, the odor gas from which dust and dust are removed passes through the discharge electrode 5 to which a high voltage of several KV is applied. At this time, a corona discharge is generated from the discharge electrode 5 and a plasma state is created. Therefore, the electrons released into the housing 1 by the discharge collide with the odor component in the odor gas, and activate these molecules. A part of the active molecule is dissociated into radicals, which oxidize and decompose odor components in the odor gas or generate ozone. Ozone generated by radicals also oxidizes odor components, and odor components generated from animal breeding facilities are almost completely deodorized and removed.

  Further, the remaining odor components and ozone that have not been oxidatively decomposed by the discharge electrode 5 pass through the rough filter 7 downstream from the discharge electrode and are sent to the adsorption filter 9.

  The chemical reaction of the ion exchange group of the adsorbent of the adsorption filter 9 and the odor component captured in the micropores are reacted with radicals, and the remaining odor component and ozone are adsorbed and decomposed to form clean air. 3 is discharged.

  At this time, the rough filter 7 removes relatively fine particles oxidized and decomposed by the discharge electrode 5 to prevent the adsorption filter 9 from being clogged and further clean the exhausted clean air.

  The case of odor gas containing a relatively high concentration of complex odor generated from a sewage treatment facility, a waste disposal facility, or the like will be described with reference to FIG. The difference from Example 1 is that, instead of the rough filter 7 used in Example 1, a catalyst filter 17 in which a ceramic body having innumerable fine holes is formed and fired into a honeycomb shape is adopted, and other constituent requirements are as follows. Since it is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same numbers are shown in FIG. Further, since the difference from the first embodiment is only the catalyst filter 17, only the catalyst filter 17 will be described for the operation of the second embodiment.

  That is, the catalyst filter 17 catalyzes the remaining odor components and ozone that have not been oxidatively decomposed by the discharge electrode 5 by catalysis, and can cope with odor gas having a relatively high concentration and complex odor. is there.

  Next, in the case of Examples 1 and 2, the discharge of the discharge electrode 5 is repeated, so that contaminants adhere to the discharge electrode and the discharge phenomenon is less likely to occur. Since the cleaning nozzle 6 is disposed, the discharge of the discharge electrode is reliably performed by driving the cleaning nozzle. By repeating the above operation, the odor gas generated from the contamination source is surely deodorized and removed.

  In the present embodiment, one embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the gist of the present invention is not changed at all by various modifications. Moreover, even if it employ | adopts as a deodorizing apparatus for food processing facilities, a human waste processing plant, and a feed and fertilizer manufacturing factory, the summary of this invention is not changed at all.

  A plasma state is created by corona discharge generated from the discharge electrode, and the electrons and radicals released at this time are converted into odorous components in odorous gas generated from animal breeding facilities, sewage treatment plants, garbage disposal facilities, fish storage facilities, etc. They collided and oxidatively decomposed these components to deodorize and remove the odor components almost completely, and tried to adsorb and remove the remaining odor components and ozone that were not oxidatively decomposed by the discharge electrode with an adsorption filter downstream from the discharge electrode. In practice, it is very large.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Housing 2 ... Suction port 3 ... Outlet 4 ... Pre filter 5 ... Discharge electrode 6 ... Cleaning nozzle 7 ... Medium performance filter 8 ... Adsorption panel 9 ..Adsorption filter 17 ... Catalyst filter

Claims (6)

  A deodorizing apparatus comprising: a pre-filter, a discharge electrode that generates plasma, a cleaning nozzle that cleans and regenerates dirt of the discharge electrode, and an adsorption filter in a housing in which a suction port and a discharge port are formed.   The deodorizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a medium performance filter or a catalyst filter is disposed between the discharge electrode for generating plasma and the adsorption filter.     The deodorizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption filter is composed of a rectangular hollow frame and an adsorption panel attached in a zigzag manner in a hollow frame.   4. The deodorizing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the adsorption panel includes a panel case and an adsorbent filled in the panel case.   5. The deodorizing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the adsorbent is formed by forming an ion exchange group on a granular, fine particle or fibrous base material by graft polymerization or chemical addition.   3. The deodorizing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst filter is formed by firing a ceramic body mainly composed of a room temperature metal catalyst into a honeycomb shape.

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