JP2009115403A - Ammunition with speed changing mechanism, and gun using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide ammunition with a speed changing mechanism capable of changing the charge amount of powder in use in an instant to change ejection speed, and a gun such as a howitzer or a trench mortar using the ammunition. <P>SOLUTION: The ammunition 10 includes a missile 12, a plurality of hollow gunpowder chambers 14 charged with gunpowder 13 inside, and a plurality of ignition sources 16 igniting each gunpowder 13 independently. Each hollow gunpowder chamber 14 includes an opening communicating with the inside of a launcher 22, and a pressure-proof cover 15 airtightly closing the opening. The pressure-proof cover 15 opens the opening only when internal pressure is higher than external pressure. The gun 20 includes the launcher 22 and an ignition device 28, and the ignition device 28 includes an ignition line 26 selecting a part or the whole of the ignition sources 16 to ignite the gunpowder. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism that instantaneously changes the amount of charge to be used and switches an injection speed, and a gun using the ammunition.

“Firearm” refers to a weapon that uses a gun barrel with a caliber of 20 mm or more among weapons that use bullet energy to fire bullets. Artillery can be broadly classified into a farming artillery, a howitzer, a mortar, a high artillery, a recoilless artillery, and the like.
“Ammunition” refers to a combination of a bullet fired by a gun and a projectile for firing the bullet. Ammunition is called ammunition ammunition, mortar ammunition, recoilless ammunition, etc., depending on the gun that fires it.

  The artillery and ammunition are described in detail in Non-Patent Document 1, for example. For example, Patent Document 1 has already been disclosed as a prior document related to the present invention.

Patent Document 1 “Self-propelled grenade bullet and charge automatic ammunition device” is equipped with an automatic ammunition machine and an automatic loading machine at the rear of the gun shell on the body, and the gun is raised. The purpose is to supply and load bullets and charge in a state in which they are left.
For this reason, the bullet and charge automatic ammunition device for a self-propelled grenade according to the present invention has an automatic ammunition device 54 for a bullet 53 in a gun raising / lowering portion 52 at the rear of the ammunition 51 as shown in FIG. In addition, an automatic loading machine 55 for bullets, an automatic feeding machine 57 for charging 56 and an automatic loading machine 58 for charging are provided so that automatic loading and loading can be performed within the range of the elevation angle of the cannon 51. Is.

"Firearms Ammunition Handbook", Ballistics Study Group, Japan Defense Technology Association

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-97910, “Self-propelled grenade bullet and charge automatic ammunition device”

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional recoilless gun that is one of the artillery. In this figure, 61 is a bullet (flying body), 62 is a barrel (firing tube), 63 is a counter mass, 64 is a propellant, and 65 is an ignition line.
Such a recoilless gun operates as follows.
(1) The propellant 64 loaded in the gun barrel 62 is ignited by the ignition wire 65.
(2) Combustion gas of the propellant 64 is generated, and the pressure in the gun barrel increases.
(3) The bullet 61 receiving the load due to pressure moves in the barrel and is accelerated until it is ejected from the muzzle.
(4) The bullet 61 obtains an injection speed corresponding to the amount of propellant 64 (applied in-cannon pressure time product) and is projected to the target with a predetermined trajectory.

  The counter mass 63 is projected rearward due to the pressure in the gun barrel so as to buffer the impact of the bullet 61 being fired. Such recoilless artillery is used as a howitzer or mortar.

In the above-mentioned grenades and mortars, the range is generally adjusted by adjusting the firing angle and the amount of charge.
However, in the case of a personnel-carried grenade, etc., a fixed amount of propellant is already loaded as equipment, and the dose cannot be adjusted during shooting. For this reason, the operation is performed only with a predetermined trajectory (injection speed).
In the case of a mortar, it is necessary to attach an amount of propellant according to the trajectory and range (injection speed) to the cannon by personnel before shooting. Staffing on the cannon side is indispensable for operation, and a certain amount of time is required for the preparation of shells.

  The present invention has been developed to solve the above-described problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism capable of instantaneously changing the amount of charge to be used and switching the injection speed, and a cannon such as a howitzer or a mortar. It is in.

According to the present invention, a flying object launched from a launcher using explosive energy;
A plurality of hollow chambers provided independently at the rear end of the projectile, each loaded with a propellant,
A plurality of ignition sources for independently igniting each propellant in the hollow medicine chamber,
Each of the hollow chambers has an opening communicating with the inside of the launch tube, and a pressure-resistant lid that hermetically closes the opening,
The pressure-resistant lid opens the opening when the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, and withstands the pressure in the launch tube when the internal pressure is lower than the external pressure, and closes the opening in an airtight manner,
Accordingly, there is provided an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism, characterized in that a part or all of the plurality of hollow medicine chambers are selected and ignited to switch the injection speed.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of hollow chambers are composed of two or more concentric chambers formed concentrically with the axis of the launch tube.

  According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of hollow chambers are formed of the same parallel chambers located at the rear end of the flying object and independent of each other.

Further, according to the present invention, a firing tube for firing an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism using explosive energy,
A gun equipped with an ignition device for igniting the ammunition with the speed switching mechanism,
The ammunition with the speed switching mechanism includes a plurality of hollow medicine chambers each loaded with a propellant,
A plurality of ignition sources for independently igniting each propellant in the hollow chamber,
The ignition device has an ignition line that selects and ignites a part or all of the ignition sources,
Thus, a gun using a speed change mechanism-equipped ammunition is provided, in which a part or all of the plurality of hollow medicine chambers are selected and ignited to switch the injection speed.

  According to the configuration of the present invention, the ammunition (ammo with speed switching mechanism) has a plurality of hollow medicine chambers at the rear end of the flying body, and the gun is an ignition source of each propellant in the hollow medicine chamber. Since it has an ignition device for selecting and igniting a part or all, it is possible to select a part or all of the propellant in the hollow medicine chamber to ignite and instantly switch the injection speed of the flying object.

  In addition, the pressure-resistant lid of each hollow chamber is configured to open the opening when the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, and to withstand the pressure in the firing tube and close the opening airtight when the internal pressure is lower than the external pressure. Therefore, since the pressure in the hollow medicine chamber not ignited by the ignition device is lower than the pressure in the firing cylinder after ignition, the propellant in the hollow medicine chamber not ignited does not operate.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, common portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism according to the present invention, and FIG.
In FIG. 1, an ammunition 10 with a speed switching mechanism of the present invention includes a flying body 12, a plurality of hollow medicine chambers 14, and a plurality of ignition sources 16.

  The flying body 12 is a so-called bullet or bullet, and is fired from a launch tube (not shown, see FIG. 3) using explosive energy. In this example, the warhead 11 is stored in the flying body 12. In addition, the structure of the bullet head 11 and the flying body 12 is not limited to this example, It can comprise freely.

The plurality of hollow medicine chambers 14 are independently provided at the rear end portion (right end in FIG. 1) of the flying body 12, and the propellant 13 is loaded therein.
As shown in FIG. 2A, in this example, the plurality of hollow chambers 14 are composed of two concentric chambers 14a and 14b formed concentrically with respect to the axis of the firing cylinder. In addition, this invention is not limited to this example, Three or more concentric chambers formed concentrically may be sufficient.
The propellant 13 is a normal charge used for a howitzer or a mortar, but a different charge may be used for each hollow chamber.

  A plurality of ignition sources 16 ignite each propellant 13 in the hollow chamber 14 independently. The ignition source 16 is preferably a normal igniting agent used in a howitzer or mortar. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a spark plug (such as a spark plug) may be used instead of the ignition agent. Moreover, you may enable it to operate | move wirelessly, without using the ignition wire 26 mentioned later and the ignition plug.

In FIG. 1, each hollow chamber 14 has an opening communicating with the inside of the launch tube and a pressure-resistant lid 15 that closes the opening in an airtight manner.
In the example of FIG. 2 (A), the openings of the two concentric chambers 14a, 14b formed concentrically are an inner circular opening and an outer ring-shaped opening, and the pressure-resistant lid 15 closing the opening has a circular shape and a ring shape, respectively. Shaped flat plate.

The pressure-resistant lid 15 is configured to open the opening only when the internal pressure of the hollow medicine chamber 14 is higher than the external pressure (internal pressure of the launch tube). Further, when the internal pressure of the hollow chamber 14 is lower than the external pressure (internal pressure of the launch tube), the pressure-resistant lid 15 is configured to withstand the pressure in the launch tube and to close the opening in an airtight manner.
The structure of the pressure-resistant lid 15 is a flat plate larger than the opening in this example, and its periphery is bonded or welded to the periphery of the opening. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration as long as the opening is opened only when the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure.

  FIG. 2 (B) is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 (A) in the second embodiment of the ammunition with a speed switching mechanism according to the present invention.

In this example, the plurality of hollow chambers 14 are composed of the same parallel chambers 14 c that are independent of each other and located at the rear end of the flying body 12. In this example, the same parallel chamber 14c has a hollow cylindrical shape having independent cartridges 17 and is loaded with the same amount of propellant 13.
In addition, this invention is not limited to this structure, For example, a honeycomb-shaped medicine casing or a partition may be sufficient.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gun according to the present invention using the above-described ammunition 10 with a speed switching mechanism.
In this figure, 22 is a barrel (firing tube), 24 is a counter mass, 26 is an ignition line, and 28 is an ignition device.
In this example, the artillery 20 of the present invention is a non-reaction type howitzer or mortar, but the present invention is not limited to this and may be a non-reaction type artillery.

The counter mass 24 is projected rearward (right side in the figure) by the pressure in the gun barrel 22 so as to buffer the impact caused by the firing of the ammunition 10.
The ignition device 28 has a function of igniting the ammunition 10 with a speed switching mechanism, and selects and ignites a part or all of the ignition source 16 of the ammunition 10 via the ignition line 26. The ignition device 28 has a changeover switch or a contact for selecting a part or all of the ignition source 16 of the ammunition 10 and can be arbitrarily selected immediately before ignition.
Note that, as described above, the igniting agent or hydrant of the ammunition 10 may be operated wirelessly from the ignition device 28 without using the ignition wire 26.

The artillery 20 of the present invention operates as follows.
(1) A part or all of the propellant 13 loaded in each hollow chamber 14 of the ammunition 10 with the speed switching mechanism is selected by the ignition device 28 and ignited through the ignition line 26 and the ignition source 16.
(2) The combustion gas of the selected propellant 13 is generated, and the pressure in the gun barrel 22 increases.
(3) The ammunition 10 receiving a load due to pressure moves in the barrel and is accelerated until it is injected from the muzzle (left end in the figure).
(4) The ammunition 10 obtains an injection speed corresponding to the amount of the selected propellant 13 (applied in-cannon pressure time product), and is projected to the target with a predetermined trajectory.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a usage state of the ammunition 10 and the artillery 20 of the present invention. In this figure, (A) ignited only the propellant 13 in the inner chamber 14a out of the two concentric chambers 14a and 14b, and (B) ignited only the propellant 13 in the outer chamber 14b. Shows the case.
In this example, the ammunition 10 is the ammunition of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

In FIG. 4A, since the amount of the propellant 13 in the inner chamber 14a is smaller than that on the outer side, the pressure in the barrel raised by the combustion gas 1 of the selected propellant 13 is relatively low, and from the muzzle. The injection speed 2 of the injected ammunition 10 is also relatively low.
In FIG. 4B, since the amount of the propellant 13 in the outer chamber 14b is larger than that in the inner portion, the pressure in the barrel raised by the combustion gas 1 of the selected propellant 13 is relatively high. The injection speed 2 of the ammunition 10 injected from the mouth also becomes relatively high.
When both the inner side and the outer side are ignited, the amount of the propellant 13 is larger than only the outer side, so that the pressure in the gun barrel is higher and the injection speed of the ammunition 10 injected from the muzzle is further higher. .

  Therefore, when using the ammunition 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, the propellant in some or all of the hollow medicine chambers of the inner and outer two concentric chambers 14a and 14b is selected and ignited. As a result, the injection speed 2 can be instantaneously switched between three speeds of high speed, medium speed, and low speed.

  Moreover, when using the ammunition 10 of 2nd Embodiment of FIG.2 (B), by selecting and igniting the propellant in a part or all of the parallel parallel chamber 14c among seven identical parallel chambers 14c, The injection speed can be switched in seven ways.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing how the ammunition 10 and the artillery 20 of the present invention are used. In this figure, (A) shows the case where the injection speed is low, and (B) shows the case where the injection speed is high.
In this example, the artillery 20 is a remotely operated swivel and elevation launcher.

  For example, when the ammunition 10 of the present invention is used as a multi-purpose ammunition with a dose-selective gas generating mechanism (combination warhead of HEAT for armor / adjustable debris for personal use), there is no single equipment (bullet) and no gun side personnel arrangement Thus, it is possible to set an optimum trajectory (injection speed) according to the target type (vehicle / personnel) and distance (short distance / long distance), and to immediately deal (attack).

That is, when the target type is personnel 3 (for example, a soldier) or the target distance is a short distance, the injection speed is instantly switched to a low speed as shown in FIG. Ammunition 10 can be fired on a curved trajectory. Thereby, the ammunition 10 can be landed on the ground (soil, asphalt) in the vicinity of the personnel, and the effect of adjusting debris can be exhibited.
Further, when the target type is the vehicle 4 (for example, a tank), or when the target distance is a long distance, as shown in FIG. The ammunition 10 can be fired with a direct trajectory. Thereby, it can hit directly to a light armor body etc. and can demonstrate the HEAT effect.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the present invention, the ammunition 10 (ammo with speed switching mechanism) has a plurality of hollow medicine chambers 14 at the rear end of the flying body 12 (bullet), and the gun 20 is a hollow medicine. Since the ignition device 28 for selecting and igniting a part or all of the ignition sources 16 of the propellants 13 in the chamber 14 is selected, the part or all of the propellant 13 in the hollow medicine chamber 14 is selected and ignited. The injection speed of the flying object can be switched.

  Moreover, the pressure-resistant lid 15 of each hollow chamber 14 is configured to open the opening when the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, and to withstand the pressure in the firing tube and close the opening airtight when the internal pressure is lower than the external pressure. Therefore, since the pressure in the hollow chamber 14 not ignited by the ignition device 28 is lower than the pressure in the firing cylinder after ignition, the propellant in the hollow chamber not ignited does not operate.

  It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

It is 1st Embodiment figure of the ammunition with a speed switching mechanism by this invention. It is AA sectional drawing (A) of FIG. 1, and its 2nd embodiment figure (B). 1 is a schematic diagram of a gun according to the present invention using an ammunition 10. FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the use condition of the ammunition 10 and the artillery 20 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the usage form of the ammunition 10 and the artillery 20 of this invention. 1 is a schematic diagram of a “self-propelled cannonball bullet and charge automatic ammunition device” disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the conventional recoilless gun which is one of artillery.

Explanation of symbols

1 combustion gas, 2 injection speed, 3 personnel (soldiers), 4 vehicles (tanks),
10 ammunition (ammo with speed switching mechanism), 11 warhead,
12 projectiles, 13 projectiles, 14 hollow chambers,
14a, 14b concentric chambers, 14c chambers,
15 pressure-resistant lid, 16 ignition source, 17 shell,
20 artillery, 22 gun barrels
24 counter mass, 26 ignition line,
28 Ignition system

Claims (4)

A projectile launched from a launcher using explosive energy,
A plurality of hollow chambers provided independently at the rear end of the projectile, each loaded with a propellant,
A plurality of ignition sources for independently igniting each propellant in the hollow medicine chamber,
Each of the hollow chambers has an opening that communicates with the inside of the launch tube, and a pressure-resistant lid that hermetically closes the opening,
The pressure-resistant lid opens the opening when the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, and withstands the pressure in the launch tube when the internal pressure is lower than the external pressure, and closes the opening in an airtight manner,
Accordingly, an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism is characterized in that a part or all of the plural propellants in the hollow medicine chamber are selected and ignited to switch the injection speed.   2. The ammunition with a speed switching mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of hollow chambers are composed of two or three or more concentric chambers formed concentrically with respect to the axis of the launch tube.   2. The ammunition with a speed switching mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of hollow chambers are formed of the same parallel chambers located at a rear end portion of the flying object and independent of each other. To launch ammunition with a speed switching mechanism using explosive energy,
A gun equipped with an ignition device for igniting the ammunition with the speed switching mechanism,
The ammunition with the speed switching mechanism includes a plurality of hollow medicine chambers each loaded with a propellant,
A plurality of ignition sources for independently igniting each propellant in the hollow chamber,
The ignition device has an ignition line that selects and ignites a part or all of the ignition sources,
An artillery using an ammunition with a speed switching mechanism, wherein a part or all of a plurality of propellants in a hollow medicine chamber are selected and ignited to switch injection speed.

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