JP2007186625A - Emulsifying agent for emulsion polymerization, method for producing polymer emulsion and polymer emulsion - Google Patents
Emulsifying agent for emulsion polymerization, method for producing polymer emulsion and polymer emulsion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007186625A JP2007186625A JP2006006713A JP2006006713A JP2007186625A JP 2007186625 A JP2007186625 A JP 2007186625A JP 2006006713 A JP2006006713 A JP 2006006713A JP 2006006713 A JP2006006713 A JP 2006006713A JP 2007186625 A JP2007186625 A JP 2007186625A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- emulsifier
- polymerization
- emulsion polymerization
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- -1 alkylphenyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 47
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OPLYWMWNKOERMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-1-enylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC=CC1(O)CC=CC=C1 OPLYWMWNKOERMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHGXZPQWZJUGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-enylphenol Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1O WHGXZPQWZJUGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006019 1-methyl-1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006020 2-methyl-1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006022 2-methyl-2-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WUQYBSRMWWRFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-ylphenol Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WUQYBSRMWWRFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pent-4-en-2-one Chemical group CC(=C)CC(=O)Cc1c(C)cc(C)cc1C UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEORMZJMVZUJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-6-prop-1-enylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC=CC1(C)C=CC=CC1O JEORMZJMVZUJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
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- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000853 cresyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C(C=C1)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002592 cumenyl group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)C(C)C 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003493 decenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005066 dodecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VICYBMUVWHJEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VICYBMUVWHJEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003988 headspace gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000589 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QWXYZCJEXYQNEI-OSZHWHEXSA-N intermediate I Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@]1(C=O)[C@H]2CC=[N+](C\C2=C\C)CCc2c1[nH]c1ccccc21 QWXYZCJEXYQNEI-OSZHWHEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005187 nonenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTYRPMDGLDAWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CTYRPMDGLDAWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZIQALWHRUQPHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-eneperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C=C AZIQALWHRUQPHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000008842 sick building syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005063 tetradecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、乳化重合する際に用いられる乳化重合用乳化剤、その乳化重合用乳化剤を使用したポリマーエマルションの製造方法、及びその製造方法により得られるポリマーエマルションに関する。 The present invention relates to an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization used in emulsion polymerization, a method for producing a polymer emulsion using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and a polymer emulsion obtained by the method.
従来、ノニオン性の乳化重合用乳化剤としては、ノニルフェノールやオクチルフェノールにアルキレンオキシドを付加したポリオキシアルキレンアルキルフェニルエーテルや高級アルコールにアルキレンオキシドを付加したポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルが単独あるいは併用で使用されているが、ポリマーエマルションの安定性、また該エマルションから得られたポリマーフィルムの性質等は、必ずしも充分に満足し得るものではなく、多くの解決すべき問題点が残されている。 Conventionally, as nonionic emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers obtained by adding alkylene oxide to nonylphenol or octylphenol and polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers obtained by adding alkylene oxide to higher alcohols are used alone or in combination. However, the stability of the polymer emulsion and the properties of the polymer film obtained from the emulsion are not always satisfactory, and many problems to be solved remain.
例えば、エマルションの重合安定性、得られたエマルションの機械安定性、化学安定性、凍結融解安定性、顔料混和性、貯蔵安定性等の問題が挙げられる。特に、機械的安定性については、改善すべき問題点が残されている。さらに、エマルションからポリマーフィルムを作成した際、使用した乳化剤が遊離の状態でポリマーフィルム中に残留するため、フィルムの耐水性、接着性が劣る等の問題を生じている。また、エマルションを塩析または酸析等の手段によって破壊し、ポリマーを取り出す際、排水中に多くの乳化剤が含有され、河川汚濁の原因となるため、乳化剤の除去処理に多大の労力が必要となる。 Examples thereof include problems such as polymerization stability of the emulsion, mechanical stability of the obtained emulsion, chemical stability, freeze-thaw stability, pigment miscibility, and storage stability. In particular, the mechanical stability remains a problem to be improved. Furthermore, when a polymer film is prepared from the emulsion, the used emulsifier remains in the polymer film in a free state, causing problems such as poor water resistance and adhesion of the film. In addition, when the emulsion is destroyed by means such as salting out or aciding out and the polymer is taken out, a large amount of emulsifier is contained in the waste water, which causes river pollution. Become.
このような観点から従来の乳化重合用乳化剤の問題点を改善するため、反応基として共重合性の不飽和基を有し、親水基にポリオキシアルキレン鎖を導入した反応性乳化重合用乳化剤が数多く提案され、各種モノマーについて乳化重合が試みられている。これらの反応性乳化剤を乳化剤として使用したエマルションは重合時の安定性が良く、また、該エマルションから得られたポリマーフィルムは耐水性、接着性、耐熱性、耐候性において優れた性能を示すものである（例えば、特許文献１〜４）。 In order to improve the problems of the conventional emulsion polymerization emulsifier from such a viewpoint, there is a reactive emulsion polymerization emulsifier having a copolymerizable unsaturated group as a reactive group and a polyoxyalkylene chain introduced into a hydrophilic group. Many proposals have been made, and emulsion polymerization of various monomers has been attempted. Emulsions using these reactive emulsifiers as emulsifiers have good stability during polymerization, and polymer films obtained from the emulsions exhibit excellent performance in water resistance, adhesiveness, heat resistance, and weather resistance. Yes (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
しかしながら、このようなアルキレンオキサイドから誘導される反応性乳化重合用乳化剤の問題点として、未反応のアルキレンオキサイドが製品中に残存すること、副生成物として発がん性や刺激性の高い物質が発生することが挙げられる。例えば、合成時の有害なジオキサンの生成や、アルキレンオキサイド鎖の酸化分解により有害性のアルデヒド類を生成することが知られており、シックハウス症候群やＶＯＣ問題が騒がれる近年、アルデヒド等を含む乳化剤をエマルションの製造に用いるのは好ましくない。
本発明は、上記実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的は親水基としてポリオキシアルキレン鎖を持たず、乳化重合時の安定性を良好なものとし、しかも、ポリマー及びポリマーフィルムの耐水性、接着性、耐熱性、耐候性等の諸特性が著しく改善された反応性乳化重合用乳化剤を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is not to have a polyoxyalkylene chain as a hydrophilic group, to improve stability during emulsion polymerization, and to prevent water resistance of polymers and polymer films. It is to provide an emulsifier for reactive emulsion polymerization in which various properties such as property, adhesiveness, heat resistance, and weather resistance are remarkably improved.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、共重合性の不飽和基を有し、親水基部分がポリグリセリンである乳化重合用乳化剤が適していることを見出し、本発明に到達したものである。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization having a copolymerizable unsaturated group and having a hydrophilic group portion of polyglycerin is suitable. The present invention has been achieved.
即ち、本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤は、下記一般式（１）で表されることを特徴とするものである。
（式中、Ｒ１は炭化水素基である。Ｒ２及びＲ３はアルケニル基または水素原子であり、Ｒ２及びＲ３は一方又は両方がアルケニル基である。また、Ｒ２及びＲ３は異なるアルケニル基でも良い。Ｘ１及びＸ２は水素原子又は炭化水素基である。ｎは１〜２００である。） (Wherein R 1 is a hydrocarbon group, R 2 and R 3 are alkenyl groups or hydrogen atoms, one or both of R 2 and R 3 are alkenyl groups, and R 2 and R 3 are Different alkenyl groups may be used. X 1 and X 2 are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon groups, and n is 1 to 200.)
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤は、前記一般式（１）において、前記アルケニル基が下記一般式（２）〜（４）で表されるアルケニル基であることが好ましい。 In the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention, in the general formula (1), the alkenyl group is preferably an alkenyl group represented by the following general formulas (2) to (4).
本発明のポリマーエマルションの製造方法は、モノマーに対して前記の乳化重合用乳化剤を０．１〜２０重量％の量で使用し、水性媒体中で前記モノマーを重合させる、または前記モノマー重合後のポリマーに添加することにある。 In the method for producing a polymer emulsion of the present invention, the above-mentioned emulsifier for emulsion polymerization is used in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the monomer, and the monomer is polymerized in an aqueous medium, or after the monomer polymerization. To be added to the polymer.
そして、本発明のポリマーエマルションは、前記のポリマーエマルションの製造方法により得られるものである。 And the polymer emulsion of this invention is obtained by the manufacturing method of the said polymer emulsion.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤によれば、その分子中の疎水基部分に共重合性の不飽和基を有し、重合性のモノマーとの共重合性に優れ、ポリマー組成に取り込まれやすい。そのため、共重合性の反応性乳化重合用乳化剤として有用であり、本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を使用し重合されたポリマーエマルションから得られたポリマーフィルム中に遊離した状態で存在する乳化剤量が減少しフィルムの耐水性、接着性、耐熱性、耐候性等の諸特性の向上に極めて優れた効果を発揮する。かつポリマーエマルションの泡立ち、機械安定性等が著しく改善される。更に、ジオキサンやアルデヒド類などの有害物質を大幅に低減したポリマーエマルションを得ることができる。 The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention has a copolymerizable unsaturated group in the hydrophobic group portion of the molecule, is excellent in copolymerizability with a polymerizable monomer, and is easily incorporated into a polymer composition. Therefore, it is useful as an emulsifier for copolymerizable reactive emulsion polymerization, and the amount of emulsifier present in a free state in a polymer film obtained from a polymer emulsion obtained by polymerization using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention is reduced. The film exhibits excellent effects in improving various properties such as water resistance, adhesiveness, heat resistance, and weather resistance. In addition, foaming and mechanical stability of the polymer emulsion are remarkably improved. Furthermore, a polymer emulsion in which harmful substances such as dioxane and aldehydes are greatly reduced can be obtained.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
上記一般式（１）表される化合物において、式中Ｒ１は炭化水素基を表す。炭化水素基としては例えば、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基等が挙げられる。 In the compound represented by the general formula (1), R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, and a cycloalkenyl group.
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、２級ブチル、ターシャリブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、２級ペンチル、ネオペンチル、ターシャリペンチル、ヘキシル、２級ヘキシル、ヘプチル、２級ヘプチル、オクチル、２−エチルヘキシル、２級オクチル、ノニル、２級ノニル、デシル、２級デシル、ウンデシル、２級ウンデシル、ドデシル、２級ドデシル、トリデシル、イソトリデシル、２級トリデシル、テトラデシル、２級テトラデシル、ヘキサデシル、２級ヘキサデシル、ステアリル、イコシル、ドコシル、テトラコシル、トリアコンチル、２−ブチルオクチル、２−ブチルデシル、２−ヘキシルオクチル、２−ヘキシルデシル、２−オクチルデシル、２−ヘキシルドデシル、２−オクチルドデシル、２−デシルテトラデシル、２−ドデシルヘキサデシル、２−ヘキサデシルオクタデシル、２−テトラデシルオクタデシル、モノメチル分枝−イソステアリル基等が挙げられる。 Examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, secondary pentyl, neopentyl, tertiary pentyl, hexyl, secondary hexyl, heptyl, 2 Secondary heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, secondary octyl, nonyl, secondary nonyl, decyl, secondary decyl, undecyl, secondary undecyl, dodecyl, secondary dodecyl, tridecyl, isotridecyl, secondary tridecyl, tetradecyl, secondary tetradecyl , Hexadecyl, secondary hexadecyl, stearyl, icosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl, triacontyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, - octyldodecyl, 2-decyltetradecyl, 2-dodecyl-hexadecyl, 2-hexadecyl octadecyl, 2-tetradecyl-octadecyl, monomethyl branched - and the like isostearyl group.
アルケニル基としては、例えば、ビニル、アリル、プロペニル、イソプロペニル、ブテニル、イソブテニル、ペンテニル、イソペンテニル、ヘキセニル、ヘプテニル、オクテニル、ノネニル、デセニル、ウンデセニル、ドデセニル、テトラデセニル、オレイル等が挙げられる。 Examples of the alkenyl group include vinyl, allyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, isopentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, oleyl and the like.
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル、トルイル、キシリル、クメニル、メシチル、ベンジル、フェネチル、スチリル、シンナミル、ベンズヒドリル、トリチル、エチルフェニル、プロピルフェニル、ブチルフェニル、ペンチルフェニル、ヘキシルフェニル、ヘプチルフェニル、オクチルフェニル、ノニルフェニル、デシルフェニル、ウンデシルフェニル、ドデシルフェニル、フェニルフェニル、ベンジルフェニル、スチレン化フェニル、クミルフェニル、スチレン化クレシル、ベンジルキシリル、α−ナフチル、β−ナフチル基等が挙げられる。 As an aryl group, for example, phenyl, toluyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, benzyl, phenethyl, styryl, cinnamyl, benzhydryl, trityl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, butylphenyl, pentylphenyl, hexylphenyl, heptylphenyl, octylphenyl, Nonylphenyl, decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, phenylphenyl, benzylphenyl, styrenated phenyl, cumylphenyl, styrenated cresyl, benzylxylyl, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl groups and the like can be mentioned.
シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、メチルシクロペンチル、メチルシクロヘキシル、メチルシクロヘプチル、シクロペンテニル、シクロヘキセニル、シクロヘプテニル、メチルシクロペンテニル、メチルシクロヘキセニル、メチルシクロヘプテニル基等が挙げられる。 Examples of the cycloalkyl group and cycloalkenyl group include a cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, methylcycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, methylcyclopentenyl, methylcyclohexenyl, methylcycloheptenyl group. Etc.
また、Ｒ１は上記に記載の炭化水素基を２種類以上含んでいても良い。 R 1 may contain two or more types of the hydrocarbon groups described above.
一般式（１）において、Ｒ１は炭素数６から３０のアルキル基またはアルケニル基であることが好ましい。 In the general formula (1), R 1 is preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
通常、Ｒ１はα−オレフィンエポキシドからエポキシド部分を除いた残基である。工業的に製造されるα−オレフィンエポキシドとしては、ダイセル化学工業（株）製のＡＯＥシリーズ、大日本インキ化学工業（株）製のエポサイザーシリーズ、ＡＲＫＥＫＡ社製のＶｉｋｏｌｏｘシリーズなどがある。これらは商業生産上好適に使用できる原料の一例である。また、これらを２種類以上配合して使用することも可能である。 Usually, R 1 is a residue obtained by removing an epoxide moiety from an α-olefin epoxide. Examples of the α-olefin epoxide produced industrially include AOE series manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Eposizer series manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc., and Vikolox series manufactured by ARKEKA. These are examples of raw materials that can be suitably used for commercial production. Moreover, it is also possible to mix and use two or more of these.
一般式（１）において、Ｒ２及びＲ３はアルケニル基または水素原子である。Ｒ２及びＲ３は一方又は両方がアルケニル基であり、Ｒ２及びＲ３は同一でも異なるアルケニル基でも良い。 In the general formula (1), R 2 and R 3 are an alkenyl group or a hydrogen atom. One or both of R 2 and R 3 are alkenyl groups, and R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different alkenyl groups.
アルケニル基の具体例としては、例えば、ビニル基、１−プロペニル基、２−プロペニル基、イソプロペニル基、１−メチル−１−プロペニル基、２−メチル−１−プロペニル基、２−メチル−２−プロペニル基、３−メチル−２−プロペニル基、１−ブテニル基、２−ブテニル基、３−ブテニル基等が挙げられる。 Specific examples of the alkenyl group include, for example, a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 1-methyl-1-propenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, and 2-methyl-2. -Propenyl group, 3-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
上記アルケニル基は、下記一般式（２）〜（４）で表される、１−プロペニル基、２−プロペニル基（または２−メチル−２−プロペニル基）、またはビニル基（または１−メチルビニル基）であることが好ましい。 The alkenyl group is a 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group (or 2-methyl-2-propenyl group), or vinyl group (or 1-methylvinyl) represented by the following general formulas (2) to (4). Group).
一般式（１）において、Ｘ１及びＸ２は水素原子又は炭化水素基である。 In general formula (1), X 1 and X 2 are hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.
一般式（１）において、ｎは１〜２００であり、好ましくは２〜５０である。 In General formula (1), n is 1-200, Preferably it is 2-50.
また、一般式（１）のポリグリセリン部分が直鎖状に繋がっていても良く、図１に示すように樹状に繋がっているものでも良い。 Moreover, the polyglycerin part of General formula (1) may be connected in linear form, and as shown in FIG.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤は、炭化水素基部分とポリグリセリン部分のモル比が、１：１〜５：１で含まれているのが有利である。 In the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention, it is advantageous that the molar ratio of the hydrocarbon group portion to the polyglycerin portion is 1: 1 to 5: 1.
［合成方法］
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を得るための反応条件は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、α-オレフィンエポキシドとアルケニルフェノールを触媒存在下反応させた後、得られた反応組成物にポリグリセリン部分を導入して、本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を得ることができる。また、必要に応じ公知の方法で精製を行っても良い。
[Synthesis method]
The reaction conditions for obtaining the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention are not particularly limited. For example, after reacting an α-olefin epoxide and an alkenylphenol in the presence of a catalyst, a polyglycerin moiety is added to the obtained reaction composition. Can be introduced to obtain the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention. Moreover, you may refine | purify by a well-known method as needed.
反応性基を持った疎水基部分へのポリグリセリンの導入は、ポリグリセリンアルキルエーテルの公知の製造方法を適用することにより可能である。ポリグリセリンアルキルエーテルの製造方法は、例えば、特開２００１−１１４７２０号公報、特開２０００−３８３６５号公報、特開平９−１８８７５５号公報、特開平６−２９３６８８号公報、特公昭６３−６６２９５号公報、特開昭５８−１８０４０６号公報等において開示されている。 Polyglycerin can be introduced into the hydrophobic group having a reactive group by applying a known production method of polyglycerin alkyl ether. For example, JP-A-2001-114720, JP-A-2000-38365, JP-A-9-188755, JP-A-6-293688, and JP-B-63-66295 are known as methods for producing polyglycerin alkyl ethers. JP-A-58-180406 and the like.
［乳化重合用モノマー］
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を用いた乳化重合に適用されうるモノマーとしては各種のものを挙げることができ、例えば、アクリル酸、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸２−エチルヘキシル、メタクリル酸メチル、アクリロニトリル、アクリルアミド、アクリル酸ヒドロキシエステル等のアクリル系モノマー、スチレン、ジビニルベンゼン等の芳香族モノマー、酢酸ビニル等のビニルエステル系モノマー、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等のハロゲン化オレフィンモノマー、ブタジエン、イソプレン、クロロプレン等の共役系ジオレフィン系モノマー等の他、エチレン、無水マレイン酸、マレイン酸メチル等がある。本発明の乳化剤は、上記モノマーの１種または２種以上の乳化重合または懸濁重合に利用できる。
[Emulsion polymerization monomer]
Examples of monomers that can be applied to emulsion polymerization using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention include various monomers such as acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate. Acrylic monomers such as acrylonitrile, acrylamide and acrylic acid hydroxy ester, aromatic monomers such as styrene and divinylbenzene, vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate, halogenated olefin monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, butadiene, isoprene, In addition to conjugated diolefin monomers such as chloroprene, there are ethylene, maleic anhydride, methyl maleate and the like. The emulsifier of the present invention can be used for emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization of one or more of the above monomers.
［重合条件］
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を使用した乳化重合反応に使用される重合開始剤は従来公知のものでよく、例えば、過酸化水素、過硫酸カリウム、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、ベンゾイルパーオキシド等が利用できる。重合促進剤としては、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸第１鉄アンモニウム等が使用できる。また、連鎖移動剤として、α−メチルスチレンダイマー、ｎ−ブチルメルカプタン、ｔ−ドデシルメルカプタンなどのメルカプタン類、四塩化炭素、四臭化炭素などのハロゲン化炭化水素などを用いてもよい。
[Polymerization conditions]
The polymerization initiator used in the emulsion polymerization reaction using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention may be a conventionally known one, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, etc. Available. As the polymerization accelerator, sodium bisulfite, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and the like can be used. Further, as a chain transfer agent, mercaptans such as α-methylstyrene dimer, n-butyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and carbon tetrabromide may be used.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤の使用量は、通常、全モノマーに対して０．１〜２０．０％が適当である。なお、より好ましくは、０．２〜１０．０％が適当である。 The use amount of the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention is usually suitably 0.1 to 20.0% with respect to all monomers. In addition, 0.2 to 10.0% is more preferable.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤は、それ単独でも乳化重合は良好に完結しうるが、さらにアニオン界面活性剤またはカチオン界面活性剤または／及び他のノニオン界面活性剤を併用してもよく、これにより乳化重合時の重合安定性が向上し、また後工程における処理特性を向上させることができる。 The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention alone can complete emulsion polymerization satisfactorily. However, an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant or / and other nonionic surfactants may be used in combination. Polymerization stability at the time of emulsion polymerization can be improved, and processing characteristics in the subsequent process can be improved.
かかるアニオン界面活性剤、カチオン界面活性剤及びノニオン界面活性剤としては特に限定されないが、例えば、アニオン界面活性剤としては、脂肪酸セッケン、ロジン酸セッケン、アルキルスルホン酸塩、アルキルアリールスルホン酸塩、アルキルスルホコハク酸塩、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキル硫酸塩、ポリオキシアルキレンアリール硫酸塩などが挙げられ、カチオン界面活性剤としてはステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウム、ラウリルトリメチルアンモニウムなどが挙げられ、ノニオン界面活性剤としては、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル、アルキルポリグルコシド、ポリグリセリンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルなどが挙げられる。 The anionic surfactant, the cationic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant are not particularly limited. For example, examples of the anionic surfactant include fatty acid soap, rosin acid soap, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl aryl sulfonate, alkyl Examples include sulfosuccinate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfate, polyoxyalkylene aryl sulfate, and cationic surfactants such as stearyltrimethylammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium, and lauryltrimethylammonium. Nonionic surfactants include , Polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, alkyl polyglucoside, polyglycerin alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester Polyglycerol fatty acid esters, and the like sorbitan fatty acid ester.
これらの界面活性剤の使用量としては、本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤１００部に対して、０．５〜１００重量部含まれることが好ましく、より好ましくは５〜６０重量部である。さらに好ましくは１０〜３０重量部である。 The amount of these surfactants to be used is preferably 0.5 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 60 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention. More preferably, it is 10-30 weight part.
また、乳化重合時の重合安定性を向上させる目的で公知の保護コロイド剤を併用することができる。併用できる保護コロイド剤としては、完全けん化ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）、部分けん化ＰＶＡ、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸、アラビアゴムなどがある。 Moreover, a well-known protective colloid agent can be used together in order to improve the polymerization stability at the time of emulsion polymerization. Examples of protective colloid agents that can be used in combination include fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), partially saponified PVA, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, and gum arabic.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤の他の使用方法としては、ポリマーエマルションの安定性
を改善するために、重合終了後のポリマーに添加し使用することができる。
As another method of using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention, it can be used by adding to the polymer after completion of polymerization in order to improve the stability of the polymer emulsion.
［作用、その他］
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤はその分子中の疎水基部分に共重合性の不飽和基を有し、重合性モノマー、殊にビニル系モノマー等との共重合性に優れ、ポリマー組成に組み込まれやすい。そのため、共重合性の反応性乳化剤として、ポリマーエマルションから得られたポリマーフィルム中に遊離した状態で存在する乳化剤量が著しく減少し、フィルムの耐水性、接着性、耐熱性、耐候性等の諸特性の向上に極めて優れた効果を発揮する。かつポリマーエマルションの泡立ち、機械安定性等が著しく改善される。
[Action, other]
The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention has a copolymerizable unsaturated group in the hydrophobic group portion of the molecule, is excellent in copolymerizability with polymerizable monomers, particularly vinyl monomers, and is incorporated into the polymer composition. Cheap. Therefore, as a copolymerizable reactive emulsifier, the amount of the emulsifier present in a free state in the polymer film obtained from the polymer emulsion is remarkably reduced, and various properties such as water resistance, adhesiveness, heat resistance and weather resistance of the film are reduced. Exhibits extremely excellent effects in improving characteristics. In addition, foaming and mechanical stability of the polymer emulsion are remarkably improved.
さらに、ジオキサンやアルデヒド類などの有害物質を大幅に低減したポリマーエマルションを得ることができる。 Furthermore, a polymer emulsion in which harmful substances such as dioxane and aldehydes are greatly reduced can be obtained.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を添加して得られるポリマーエマルションは、例えば接着剤、被覆剤、含浸補強剤等として、木材、金属、紙、布、その他コンクリートなどに適用することができる。また、エマルションあるいはラテックスから取り出したポリマーは樹脂、ゴム、ポリマーの改質剤等に使用することができる。 The polymer emulsion obtained by adding the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention can be applied to wood, metal, paper, cloth, other concrete, etc. as, for example, an adhesive, a coating agent, and an impregnation reinforcing agent. The polymer taken out from the emulsion or latex can be used as a resin, rubber, polymer modifier or the like.
以下、実施例および比較例により本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例により限定されるものではない。なお、文中「部」は特に記載がない限り質量基準である。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention in detail, this invention is not limited by these examples. In the text, “part” is based on mass unless otherwise specified.
〈製造例１〉
撹拌機、窒素導入管、蒸留装置、及び温度計を備えた反応器に１−プロペニルフェノール２００部、触媒として三フッ化ホウ素エーテル錯体を仕込み、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド（ＡＯＥ Ｘ２４、ダイセル化学工業（株）製）１９６部を滴下し、８０℃にて５時間撹拌反応を行った後、精製して中間体Ａを得た。
<Production Example 1>
A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introduction tube, a distillation apparatus, and a thermometer was charged with 200 parts of 1-propenylphenol and boron trifluoride ether complex as a catalyst, and an α-olefin epoxide having 12 or 14 carbon atoms (AOE X24). 196 parts, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dropped, and after stirring for 5 hours at 80 ° C., purification was performed to obtain Intermediate A.
次に、中間体Ａに触媒として三フッ化ホウ素エーテル錯体を加え１２０℃に昇温させグリシドール２９６部を１時間かけて滴下し、さらに２時間撹拌した。生成物に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂および陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水して本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ａを得た。 Next, boron trifluoride ether complex was added to intermediate A as a catalyst, the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., 296 parts of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours. Water was added to the product for purification by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure to obtain an emulsifier A for emulsion polymerization of the present invention.
〈製造例２〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、１−プロペニルフェノールの代わりに、２−プロペニルフェノールを２００部として中間体Ｂを得た。またグリシドールを７４０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｂを得た。
<Production Example 2>
According to the method of Production Example 1, Intermediate B was obtained using 200 parts of 2-propenylphenol instead of 1-propenylphenol. Moreover, the emulsifier B for emulsion polymerization of this invention product was obtained for 740 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例３〉
撹拌機、窒素導入管、及び温度計を備えた反応器にビニルフェノール１８０部、触媒として四塩化スズ、重合禁止剤としてハイドロキノンを加え、５０℃までの温度で炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド（エポサイザーＭ−２４、大日本インキ化学工業（株）製）を１９６部を滴下し、６０℃で５時間熟成した後、精製して中間体Ｃを得た。
<Production Example 3>
Addition of 180 parts of vinylphenol, tin tetrachloride as a catalyst, and hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor to a reactor equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet tube, and thermometer, and an α-olefin having 12 and 14 carbon atoms at a temperature up to 50 ° C 196 parts of epoxide (Eposizer M-24, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.) was added dropwise, aged at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, and then purified to obtain Intermediate C.
次に、中間体Ｃに触媒として水酸化カリウム、重合禁止剤としてハイドロキノンを加え８０℃まで昇温させグリシドール３７０部を１時間かけて滴下し、さらに２時間撹拌した。最後に酢酸で中和した後、脱水して本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｃを得た。 Next, potassium hydroxide as a catalyst and hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor were added to Intermediate C, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., 370 parts of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours. Finally, the mixture was neutralized with acetic acid and dehydrated to obtain an emulsifier C for emulsion polymerization of the present invention.
〈製造例４〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシドの代わりに、炭素数１２のα−オレフィンエポキシド（Ｖｉｋｏｌｏｘ１２、ＡＲＫＥＭＡ社製）１８４部として中間体Ｄを得た。またグリシドールを２２２部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｄを得た。
<Production Example 4>
In accordance with the method of Production Example 1, Intermediate D was obtained as 184 parts of an α-olefin epoxide having 12 carbon atoms (Vikolox 12, manufactured by ARKEMA) instead of the α-olefin epoxide having 12 carbon atoms and 14 carbon atoms. Further, 222 parts of glycidol was used to obtain an emulsifier D for emulsion polymerization of the present invention.
〈製造例５〉
製造例３の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド及びビニルフェノールの代わりに、炭素数１２のα−オレフィンエポキシドを１８４部及び１−メチルビニルフェノールを２００部として中間体Ｅを得た。またグリシドールを５９２部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｅを得た。
<Production Example 5>
In accordance with the method of Production Example 3, instead of α-olefin epoxide having 12 and 14 carbon atoms and vinylphenol, 184 parts of α-olefin epoxide having 12 carbon atoms and 200 parts of 1-methylvinylphenol were used as intermediate E. Got. Moreover, the emulsifier E for emulsion polymerization of the product of the present invention was obtained using 592 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例６〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド及び１−プロペニルフェノールの代わりに、炭素数１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド（Ｖｉｋｏｌｏｘ１４、ＡＲＫＥＭＡ社製）を２１２部及び２−メチルー２−プロペニルフェノールを２２２部として中間体Ｆを得た。またグリシドールを３７０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｆを得た。
<Production Example 6>
According to the method of Production Example 1, instead of α-olefin epoxide having 12 and 14 carbon atoms and 1-propenylphenol, 212 parts of α-olefin epoxide having 14 carbon atoms (Vikolox14, manufactured by ARKEMA) and 2-methyl- Intermediate F was obtained using 222 parts of 2-propenylphenol. Moreover, the emulsifier F for emulsion polymerization of this invention product was obtained for 370 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例７〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド及び１−プロペニルフェノールの代わりに、炭素数１２〜１４の分岐型α−オレフィンエポキシドを１９８部及び２−プロペニルフェノールを２００部として中間体Ｇを得た。また、グリシドールを２２２０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｇを得た。
<Production Example 7>
In accordance with the method of Production Example 1, 198 parts of a branched α-olefin epoxide having 12 to 14 carbon atoms and 200 of 2-propenylphenol were used instead of the α-olefin epoxide having 12 and 14 carbon atoms and 1-propenylphenol. Intermediate G was obtained as a part. Moreover, the emulsifier G for emulsion polymerization of this invention product was obtained for 2220 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例８〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシドの代わりに、炭素数１４の分岐型α−オレフィンエポキシドを２１２部として中間体Ｈを得た。また、グリシドールを３７０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｈを得た。
<Production Example 8>
In accordance with the method of Production Example 1, Intermediate H was obtained using 212 parts of branched α-olefin epoxide having 14 carbon atoms instead of α-olefin epoxide having 12 or 14 carbon atoms. Moreover, the emulsifier H for emulsion polymerization of this invention product was obtained for 370 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例９〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシドの代わりに、炭素数１６の分岐型α−オレフィンエポキシドを２４０部として中間体Ｉを得た。また、グリシドールを１１１０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｉを得た。
<Production Example 9>
According to the method of Production Example 1, Intermediate I was obtained using 240 parts of a branched α-olefin epoxide having 16 carbon atoms instead of the α-olefin epoxide having 12 or 14 carbon atoms. Moreover, the emulsifier I for emulsion polymerization of this invention product was obtained by using 1110 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例１０〉
製造例３の方法に準じて、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシドの代わりに、１６、１８のα−オレフィンエポキシド（エポサイザーＭ−６８、大日本インキ化学工業（株）製）２５２部として中間体Ｊを得た。またグリシドールを３７０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｊを得た。
<Production Example 10>
According to the method of Production Example 3, instead of the α-olefin epoxide having 12 or 14 carbon atoms, 252 parts of an α-olefin epoxide having 16 or 18 (Eposizer M-68, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.) Intermediate J was obtained. Moreover, the emulsifier J for emulsion polymerization of this invention was obtained for 370 parts of glycidol.
〈製造例１１〉
製造例１の方法に準じて、、炭素数１２、１４のα−オレフィンエポキシド及び１−プロペニルフェノールの代わりに、炭素数１６、１８のα−オレフィンエポキシド（ＡＯＥ Ｘ６８、ダイセル化学工業（株）製）２５２部及び２−メチルー２−プロペニルフェノールとして中間体Ｋを得た。また、グリシドールを４４４０部として本発明品の乳化重合用乳化剤Ｋを得た。
<Production Example 11>
In accordance with the method of Production Example 1, instead of α-olefin epoxide having 12 and 14 carbon atoms and 1-propenylphenol, α-olefin epoxide having 16 and 18 carbon atoms (AOE X68, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) ) 252 parts and intermediate K as 2-methyl-2-propenylphenol. Moreover, the emulsifier K for emulsion polymerization of this invention product was obtained for 4440 parts of glycidol.
〈実施例及び比較例〉
実施例及び比較例に用いた乳化重合用乳化剤は表１の通りである。
<Examples and Comparative Examples>
Table 1 shows emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
〈使用例１〉
アクリル酸ブチル１００部、スチレン１００部、イオン交換水２９０部および乳化重合用乳化剤１０部を混合して混合モノマー乳濁液を調製し、窒素ガスにて溶存酸素を除去した。次に攪拌機、還流冷却器、温度計および滴下漏斗を備えた反応器に、上記混合モノマー乳濁液を１００部仕込み、８０℃に昇温し、過硫酸カリウム０．５部を加えて先行重合させた。次いで、重合開始１０分後より３時間かけて残りの混合モノマー乳濁液４００部を滴下して重合させた。さらに、続けて重合温度にて２時間熟成した後、冷却してポリマーエマルションを得た。
<Usage example 1>
A mixed monomer emulsion was prepared by mixing 100 parts of butyl acrylate, 100 parts of styrene, 290 parts of ion-exchanged water and 10 parts of an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and dissolved oxygen was removed with nitrogen gas. Next, a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a dropping funnel was charged with 100 parts of the above mixed monomer emulsion, heated to 80 ° C., and 0.5 parts of potassium persulfate was added for prepolymerization. I let you. Next, 400 parts of the remaining mixed monomer emulsion was dropped over 3 hours from 10 minutes after the start of polymerization, and polymerization was performed. Further, after aging for 2 hours at the polymerization temperature, the mixture was cooled to obtain a polymer emulsion.
使用した乳化重合用乳化剤は表２に示す通りである。また、併用アニオン性乳化剤としてラウリル硫酸エステルナトリウム塩を乳化重合用乳化剤の内１０重量％使用した。 The emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization used are as shown in Table 2. Moreover, 10% by weight of an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization was used as a combined anionic emulsifier.
使用した乳化重合用乳化剤のジオキサン及びホルムアルデヒドの含有量及び、得られたポリマーエマルションについて、重合安定性、機械安定性、粒子径、起泡性、フィルムの光沢性をそれぞれ評価した。評価方法は以下の通りである。結果は表２に示す。 The contents of dioxane and formaldehyde of the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization used, and the obtained polymer emulsion were evaluated for polymerization stability, mechanical stability, particle diameter, foamability, and gloss of the film. The evaluation method is as follows. The results are shown in Table 2.
［ジオキサン及びホルムアルデヒドの含有量］
乳化重合用乳化剤に含まれるジオキサンをＧＣ、ホルムアルデヒドをアセチルアセトン法を用い吸光光度法で定量を行った。その結果を、ジオキサン量が１ｐｐｍ未満：○、１〜１０ｐｐｍ：△、１０ｐｐｍ以上：×、ホルムアルデヒド量が１ｐｐｍ未満：○、１〜１０ｐｐｍ：△、１０ｐｐｍ以上：×、として示す。
[Contents of dioxane and formaldehyde]
The dioxane contained in the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization was determined by spectrophotometry using GC and formaldehyde using the acetylacetone method. The results are shown as dioxane content less than 1 ppm: ◯, 1-10 ppm: Δ, 10 ppm or more: x, formaldehyde content less than 1 ppm: ◯, 1-10 ppm: Δ, 10 ppm or more: x.
［重合安定性］
重合後のポリマーエマルションを８０メッシュのろ布を用いてろ過し、ろ布上の残渣を水洗後、乾燥し、その重量をエマルションの固形分に対し％で示す。
[Polymerization stability]
The polymer emulsion after polymerization is filtered using an 80-mesh filter cloth, and the residue on the filter cloth is washed with water and dried, and the weight is expressed in% with respect to the solid content of the emulsion.
［機械安定性］
ポリマーエマルション５０ｇをマーロン型試験器にて荷重１０ｋｇ、回転数１０００ｒｐｍで５分間撹拌し、生成した凝集物を８０メッシュの金網でろ過し、残渣を水洗後、乾燥し、その重量をエマルションの固形分に対し％で示す。
[Machine stability]
50 g of the polymer emulsion was stirred with a Marlon tester at a load of 10 kg and a rotational speed of 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, the resulting aggregate was filtered through an 80 mesh wire mesh, the residue was washed with water and dried, and its weight was determined as the solid content of the emulsion. In%.
［粒子径］
動的光散乱式粒度分布測定装置（日機装製 ＭＩＣＲＯＴＲＡＣ ＵＰＡ９３４０）にて測定し、μｍで示す。
[Particle size]
It is measured with a dynamic light scattering type particle size distribution analyzer (MICROTRAC UPA9340 manufactured by Nikkiso), and is shown in μm.
［起泡性］
エマルションを水で２倍希釈し、１００ｍｌネスラー管に３０ｃｃ入れ、３０回倒立させてから静置５分後における泡の量（ｍｌ）を測定した。
[Foaming]
The emulsion was diluted 2-fold with water, put in 30 cc in a 100 ml Nessler tube, inverted 30 times, and then the amount of foam (ml) after 5 minutes of standing was measured.
［フィルムの光沢性］
ガラスプレート上に０．５ｍｍ（ｗｅｔ）のエマルション膜を作り、室温で２４時間放置してフィルムを作成した。このフィルムの光沢性を目視にて観察し３段階で評価した。その結果を、優れる：○、可：△、不可：×、として示す。
[Glossiness of film]
A 0.5 mm (wet) emulsion film was formed on a glass plate and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to prepare a film. The glossiness of this film was visually observed and evaluated in three stages. The results are shown as excellent: ◯, acceptable: Δ, impossible: x.
〈使用例２〉
攪拌機、還流冷却器、温度計および滴下漏斗を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水１３５部、緩衝剤として炭酸水素ナトリウム０．５部を仕込み、８０℃まで昇温させ、窒素ガスにて水中の溶存酸素を除去した。これとは別にメタクリル酸メチル７５部、アクリル酸エチル１７１部、アクリル酸４部、乳化重合用乳化剤８部、イオン交換水１１０部とを混合して、モノマーエマルションを調製した。次に、上記で調製したモノマーエマルション４０部を一括して上記反応器に添加し、１０分間撹拌後、重合開始剤である過硫酸アンモニウム０．５部を加え、１０分間撹拌した。次に残りのモノマーエマルションを３時間かけて滴下して重合反応を行い、４０℃まで冷却後、アンモニア水でｐＨ８〜９に調整してポリマーエマルションを得た。
<Usage example 2>
A reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and dropping funnel was charged with 135 parts of ion-exchanged water and 0.5 part of sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent, heated to 80 ° C. Dissolved oxygen was removed. Separately, 75 parts of methyl methacrylate, 171 parts of ethyl acrylate, 4 parts of acrylic acid, 8 parts of an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and 110 parts of ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a monomer emulsion. Next, 40 parts of the monomer emulsion prepared above were added all at once to the reactor, and after stirring for 10 minutes, 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate as a polymerization initiator was added and stirred for 10 minutes. Next, the remaining monomer emulsion was added dropwise over 3 hours to conduct a polymerization reaction, cooled to 40 ° C., and adjusted to pH 8-9 with aqueous ammonia to obtain a polymer emulsion.
使用した乳化重合用乳化剤は表３に示す通りである。また、併用アニオン性乳化剤として直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩を乳化重合用乳化剤の内１０重量％使用した。 The emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization used are as shown in Table 3. Further, as a combined anionic emulsifier, linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt was used in an amount of 10% by weight of the emulsion polymerization emulsifier.
得られたポリマーエマルションについて、重合安定性、粒子径、ＶＯＣ量、未反応乳化剤量、耐水性をそれぞれ評価した。重合安定性、粒子径の評価方法は上記の評価方法と同様である。ＶＯＣ量、未反応乳化剤量、耐水性評価方法は以下の通りである。結果は表３に示す。 The obtained polymer emulsion was evaluated for polymerization stability, particle diameter, VOC amount, unreacted emulsifier amount, and water resistance. The evaluation method of polymerization stability and particle diameter is the same as the above evaluation method. The amount of VOC, the amount of unreacted emulsifier, and the water resistance evaluation method are as follows. The results are shown in Table 3.
［ＶＯＣ量］
ポリマーエマルションに含まれるＶＯＣ量をヘッドスペースＧＣにより測定を行った。その結果を、１０ｐｐｍ未満：○、１０〜５０ｐｐｍ：△、５０ｐｐｍ以上：×、として示す。
[VOC amount]
The amount of VOC contained in the polymer emulsion was measured by headspace GC. The results are shown as less than 10 ppm: ◯, 10-50 ppm: Δ, 50 ppm or more: x.
［未反応乳化剤量］
ポリマーエマルションにメタノールを加えて、ポリマーを凝固し、遠心分離処理後、その上澄みを用い、ＨＰＬＣ−ＭＳ法にて未反応乳化剤量を測定し、％で示す。
[Unreacted emulsifier amount]
Methanol is added to the polymer emulsion to solidify the polymer, and after centrifugation, the amount of unreacted emulsifier is measured by the HPLC-MS method using the supernatant, and is shown in%.
［耐水性試験］
ガラス板上に０．５ｍｍ厚のポリマーフィルムを作製し、これを水に浸漬し、前記ポリマーフィルムを透して４．５ポイント文字が読めなくなるまでの時間を測定した。その結果を、３００時間以上：○、３００〜２００時間：△、２００時間未満：×、として示す。
[Water resistance test]
A polymer film having a thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared on a glass plate, immersed in water, and the time until 4.5 point characters could not be read through the polymer film was measured. The results are shown as 300 hours or more: ◯, 300 to 200 hours: Δ, less than 200 hours: x.
〈使用例３〉
攪拌機、還流冷却器、温度計および滴下漏斗を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水２５０部を仕込み、８０℃まで昇温させ、窒素ガスにて水中の溶存酸素を除去した。次にアクリル酸ブチル１２５部とアクリル酸２−エチルヘキシル１２５部に乳化重合用乳化剤５部を溶解させた混合モノマー液のうち５０部を反応器に仕込み、次いで過硫酸アンモニウム０．５部を加えて先行重合させ、重合開始１０分後より３時間かけて残りの混合モノマー液２０５部を滴下して重合させた。続けて重合温度にてさらに２時間熟成した後、４０℃まで冷却後、アンモニア水でｐＨ８〜９に調整してポリマーエマルションを得た。
<Usage example 3>
A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel was charged with 250 parts of ion-exchanged water, heated to 80 ° C., and dissolved oxygen in water was removed with nitrogen gas. Next, 50 parts of a mixed monomer solution prepared by dissolving 5 parts of an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization in 125 parts of butyl acrylate and 125 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was charged into the reactor, and then 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate was added to the reactor. Polymerization was performed, and the remaining 205 parts of the mixed monomer solution was added dropwise over 3 hours from 10 minutes after the start of the polymerization. Subsequently, the mixture was further aged for 2 hours at the polymerization temperature, cooled to 40 ° C., and adjusted to pH 8-9 with aqueous ammonia to obtain a polymer emulsion.
使用した乳化重合用乳化剤は表４に示す通りである。また、併用アニオン性乳化剤としてポリオキシエチレンスチレン化フェニルエーテルリン酸エステル（ＥＯ８モル付加体）を乳化重合用乳化剤の内１０重量％使用した。 The emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization used are as shown in Table 4. Further, 10% by weight of an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization was used as a combined anionic emulsifier, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether phosphate ester (EO 8 mol adduct).
得られたポリマーエマルションについて、重合安定性、機械安定性、未反応乳化剤量、耐熱着色性、接着性をそれぞれ評価した。重合安定性、機械安定性、未反応乳化剤量の評価方法は上記と同様である。耐熱着色性、接着性の評価方法は以下の通りである。結果は表４に示す。 About the obtained polymer emulsion, polymerization stability, mechanical stability, the amount of unreacted emulsifier, heat-resistant coloring property, and adhesiveness were evaluated, respectively. The evaluation methods for polymerization stability, mechanical stability, and amount of unreacted emulsifier are the same as described above. The evaluation methods for heat resistant colorability and adhesiveness are as follows. The results are shown in Table 4.
［耐熱着色性］
ガラス板上に０．５ｍｍ厚のポリマーフィルムを作製し、２００℃に調整した熱風乾燥器内で３０分間熱処理して、ポリマーフィルムの着色を目視で観察した。その結果を、全く着色が認められない：○、淡い黄色に着色している：△、濃い褐色に着色している：×、として示す。
[Heat resistant coloring]
A polymer film having a thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared on a glass plate, heat-treated for 30 minutes in a hot air drier adjusted to 200 ° C., and coloring of the polymer film was visually observed. The results are shown as no coloring at all: ◯, pale yellow: Δ, dark brown: x.
［接着性］
５ｃｍ幅に切ったＰＥＴフィルム上にエマルションを２５μｍ（ｄｒｙ）の厚さに塗工し、熱処理した後ＳＵＳ板に貼り付け、ローラ圧着する。接着面が５ｃｍ×５ｃｍとなるようにフィルムを剥がし、フィルムの端に２００ｇの重りを吊り下げて剥がれるまでの時間（秒）を測定した。
[Adhesiveness]
The emulsion is applied to a thickness of 25 μm (dry) on a PET film cut to a width of 5 cm, heat-treated, then attached to a SUS plate, and roller-pressed. The film was peeled off so that the adhesive surface was 5 cm × 5 cm, and a time (second) until the film was peeled off by hanging a weight of 200 g on the edge of the film was measured.
〈使用例４〉
攪拌機、還流冷却器、温度計および滴下漏斗を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水１３１部、緩衝剤として炭酸水素ナトリウム０．５部を仕込み、７０℃まで昇温させ、窒素ガスにて水中の溶存酸素を除去した。これとは別に酢酸ビニル２５０部、乳化重合用乳化剤８部、イオン交換水１１０部とを混合して、モノマーエマルションを調製した。次に、上記で調製したモノマーエマルション４０部を一括して上記反応器に添加し、１０分間撹拌後、重合開始剤である過硫酸アンモニウム０．５部を加え、１０分間撹拌した。次に残りのモノマーエマルションを３時間かけて滴下して重合反応を行い、４０℃まで冷却後、アンモニア水でｐＨ８〜９に調整してポリマーエマルションを得た。
<Usage example 4>
A reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and dropping funnel was charged with 131 parts of ion-exchanged water and 0.5 part of sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent, heated to 70 ° C. Dissolved oxygen was removed. Separately, 250 parts of vinyl acetate, 8 parts of an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and 110 parts of ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a monomer emulsion. Next, 40 parts of the monomer emulsion prepared above were added all at once to the reactor, and after stirring for 10 minutes, 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate as a polymerization initiator was added and stirred for 10 minutes. Next, the remaining monomer emulsion was added dropwise over 3 hours to conduct a polymerization reaction, cooled to 40 ° C., and adjusted to pH 8-9 with aqueous ammonia to obtain a polymer emulsion.
使用した乳化重合用乳化剤は表５に示す通りである。 The emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization used are as shown in Table 5.
得られたポリマーエマルションについて、重合安定性、粒子径、接着性をそれぞれ評価した。重合安定性、粒子径評価方法は上記の評価方法と同様である。接着性の評価方法は以下の通りである。結果を表５に示す。 The obtained polymer emulsion was evaluated for polymerization stability, particle diameter, and adhesiveness. The polymerization stability and particle size evaluation method is the same as the above evaluation method. The evaluation method of adhesiveness is as follows. The results are shown in Table 5.
［接着性］
５ｃｍ幅に切った合板上にエマルションを２５μｍ（ｄｒｙ）の厚さに塗工し、熱処理した後５ｃｍ幅の綿製の布を貼り付け、ローラ圧着する。接着面が５ｃｍ×５ｃｍとなるように布を剥がし、はがした布の端に１Ｋｇの重りを吊り下げて剥がれるまでの時間（秒）を測定した。
[Adhesiveness]
The emulsion is coated on a plywood cut to a width of 5 cm to a thickness of 25 μm (dry), heat-treated, and then a 5 cm wide cotton cloth is affixed and roller-pressed. The cloth was peeled off so that the adhesive surface was 5 cm × 5 cm, and a time (second) until the piece was peeled off by hanging a 1 kg weight on the edge of the peeled cloth was measured.
表２〜表５から、本発明にかかる乳化重合用乳化剤は、エマルションの重合安定性、機械安定性が良好で、乳化剤に含まれるアルデヒドやジオキサンの生成量が極めて少量であり、エマルション中のＶＯＣ量を大幅に低減できる。また、未反応の乳化剤量が少なく得られたポリマーエマルションのフィルム光沢性、耐水性、接着性、耐熱性などの諸特性が従来の乳化重合用乳化剤を用いたものより優れることが明らかである。 From Table 2 to Table 5, the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to the present invention has good polymerization stability and mechanical stability of the emulsion, and the amount of aldehyde and dioxane contained in the emulsifier is extremely small, and the VOC in the emulsion The amount can be greatly reduced. It is also clear that the polymer emulsion obtained with a small amount of unreacted emulsifier is superior in properties such as film gloss, water resistance, adhesiveness, heat resistance and the like using conventional emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization.
本発明の乳化重合用乳化剤を添加して得られるポリマーエマルションは、例えば接着剤、被覆剤、含浸補強剤等として、木材、金属、紙、布、その他コンクリートなどに適用することができる。また、エマルションあるいはラテックスから取り出したポリマーは樹脂、ゴム、ポリマーの改質剤等に使用することができる。 The polymer emulsion obtained by adding the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention can be applied to wood, metal, paper, cloth, other concrete, etc. as, for example, an adhesive, a coating agent, and an impregnation reinforcing agent. The polymer taken out from the emulsion or latex can be used as a resin, rubber, polymer modifier or the like.
Claims (4)
A polymer emulsion obtained by the method for producing a polymer emulsion according to claim 3.
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| JP2006006713A JP2007186625A (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Emulsifying agent for emulsion polymerization, method for producing polymer emulsion and polymer emulsion |
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