JP2007058530A - Disaster prevention system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple and inexpensive disaster prevention system that can specify the origin of a fire and extinguish the fire by collimating a fire nozzle capable of extinguishing the fire at the origin of the fire. <P>SOLUTION: The disaster prevention system includes a sensor tag which is stuck on an object to be protected and detects a physical quantity relating to the object to be protected, converts data of the physical quantity into a radio signal, and transmits the signal or judges whether a fire takes place from the physical quantity and transmits a radio signal indicating the fire occurrence, three or more antennas which receive radio waves, an electric field intensity measuring circuit which measures electric field intensities of the radio waves received by the antennas, and a receiver which receives and reconverts the radio signal of the converted data of the physical quantity into the data of the physical quantity to judge fire occurrence from the data of the physical quantity, or finds the position of the sensor tag having detected the data of the physical quantity based upon the electric field intensities of the radio waves received by the three or more antennas to regard the position of the sensor tag as the origin of the fire. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention system for identifying a position where a fire has occurred and extinguishing the fire.

Conventionally, in order to accurately detect anomalies such as fires of fire extinguishing protection facilities and equipment that exist in a certain space and their positions, the space is divided into small parts, and a number of spot sensors are provided for each divided area. Install or use infrared image capture and optical image processing.
For example, a fire detector is installed in the upper part of a multi-story parking lot, and an image recognition device is installed on the elevator that transports the car in the multi-story parking lot. When the fire detector is activated, the elevator moves by the fire signal from the fire detector. Taking a picture of the hangar with a camera and comparing the video with a normal video taken in advance. If the video is different, the hangar with the different video is identified as the fire position (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

JP 2001-67562 A

However, the method in which a large number of sensors are installed has a problem that the number of sensors is limited due to factors such as the physical installation space of the sensors, the wiring space, and the wiring cost.
In addition, for example, when an image recognition device is installed in a facility such as an elevator in a multilevel parking lot or a movable part in the device, there is a problem that wiring for extracting a signal from the image recognition device is difficult.
Also, in the optical processing method, in order to cope with the detection blind spot due to an obstacle, it is necessary to install a plurality of devices for capturing images, the cost of the device itself is high, and the maintenance and management of the optical structure is expensive and labor-intensive. There's a problem.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive disaster prevention system that specifies a fire source of a fire and extinguishes a fire extinguishing nozzle that can extinguish the fire source while aiming at the fire source.

  The disaster prevention system according to the present invention is affixed to an object to be protected, detects a physical quantity related to the object to be protected, and directly converts the data of the physical quantity into a radio signal and transmits it, or further generates a fire based on the physical quantity. A sensor tag that transmits a wireless signal indicating the occurrence of a fire when it is determined whether or not a fire has occurred, three or more antennas that receive the wireless radio wave, and a radio wave that is received by each of the antennas An electric field strength measuring circuit for measuring the electric field strength of the radio, and receiving a radio signal converted from the physical quantity data and returning it to the physical quantity data, and judging the occurrence of a fire based on the physical quantity data The position of the sensor tag that has detected the physical quantity data based on the electric field strength of radio waves received by three or more antennas when receiving a radio signal indicating And a receiver viewed as fire origin seeking.

  The effect of the disaster prevention system according to the present invention is that a plurality of sensor tags are affixed to an object to be protected, and the occurrence of a fire is determined based on physical quantities from them, for example, temperature data. It can be carried out. In addition, since the size of the sensor tag to be attached is small, it is possible to take measures by stopping the protection target object before a large fire is detected by detecting partial heat generation of the protection target object.

  The disaster prevention system according to the present invention detects and detects physical quantity data relating to an affixed protection object, which is affixed to a protection object whose position at which it can move within the protection area is not fixed. Tag that transmits physical quantity data related to protected objects on radio waves, and detects the occurrence of fire in the protected objects based on the physical quantity data related to protected objects, and the field strength of the radio waves received by the three antennas And a fire extinguishing control panel for radiating a fire extinguishing agent with the direction of the fire extinguishing nozzle directed to the fire base position.

  The location of the fire source is specified by specifying the position of the sensor tag, and the position of the sensor tag is specified based on the electric field strength of the radio wave from the same sensor tag received by the three antennas. When radio waves are uniformly radiated from the sensor tag regardless of the direction, the electric field strength of the radio wave received by the antenna is inversely proportional to the distance between the sensor tag and the antenna. Therefore, the distance is calculated from the measured electric field intensity, and three circles having the antenna at the center and the distance as the radius are obtained. Then, a point where three circles intersect is obtained, and this is the position of the sensor tag. The sensor tag identification information is determined in advance for each sensor tag, requests the sensor tag to sequentially send physical quantity data related to the protection target to each sensor tag, and the physical quantity data related to the protection target sent from the sensor tag. The receiver processes the received physical quantity data relating to the protection target object and the identification information in association with each other.

  The sensor tag according to the present invention is small enough to be attached to a desired position of the object to be protected, is a flat plate smaller than a business card, and is a physical quantity related to the object to be protected at the attached position, for example, temperature, smoke, Flames, smells, light, etc. can be detected. Furthermore, a wireless transmission / reception function is provided internally so that the data of the detected physical quantity can be temporarily stored and transmitted to the receiver based on a request from the receiver. For this purpose, a flat antenna and a small power amplifier are incorporated. In the following description, temperature will be described as a physical quantity related to the protection target.

  The fire-extinguishing nozzle according to the present invention is capable of changing the radiation direction when a fire-extinguishing agent is radiated in order to extinguish a fire generated in the protection area. The fire-extinguishing nozzle has a drive function for linearly moving or rotating the fire-extinguishing nozzle in order to change the radiation direction. In the following description, a drive mechanism that rotates the fire-extinguishing nozzle horizontally and vertically around a reference point will be described.

  A disaster prevention system that embodies the above technical idea will be described below. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state of a protection area where a disaster prevention system according to an embodiment of the present invention is deployed. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the disaster prevention system according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the polling unit according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the sensor tag according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In the protection area 2 where the disaster prevention system according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided, a rail 5 that circulates is arranged, and an A object 3a, a B object 3b as a protection object 3 that moves on the rail 5, C object 3c is arranged. And the sensor tag 4 is affixed on A object 3a, B object 3b, and C object 3c. Note that the present invention can also be applied to a protection object 3 that can freely move in the protection area 2. Further, the position where the sensor tag 4 is affixed is not particularly limited, but a position where a mechanical or electrical load is concentrated and a risk of ignition is large is preferable. For example, the protection area 2 is a factory floor, and the object to be protected is a transporter and the like.

The fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 is arranged so that the central axis is equally divided into four corners of the protection area 2 and the inner angles of the four corners are equally divided, and the radial direction is directed to the inside of the protection area 2. And the fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 can control the radiation direction within a range of 45 ° left and right in the horizontal direction from the central axis with the reference point as the center. In addition, the radiation direction can be controlled in the range of 0 ° to 45 ° in the vertical direction from horizontal to downward. The angle formed by the central axis centered on the reference point from the central axis and the radiation direction of the fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 is referred to as a horizontal radiation angle and a vertical radiation angle.
Further, the reference point of the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 is measured from the design drawing or stored as related position information.

A disaster prevention system 1 according to the present invention is provided in a protection area 2 as shown in FIG. 1, and as shown in FIG. 2, a sensor tag 4 affixed to a protection object 3 and a radio wave emitted from the sensor tag 4. Receives and transmits information to and from the sensor tag 4 via the three antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c and the antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c that receive radio waves, detects the occurrence of a fire, and identifies the fire source position Machine 8, fire extinguishing control panel 9 for controlling the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 by obtaining the radiation direction of the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 based on information on the fire source position, for fire extinguishing that directs the fire extinguishing agent to the fire source position directed in the radiation direction A nozzle 6 is provided.
As the antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c, various antennas such as a loop antenna, a linear antenna, a microstrip antenna, and a slot antenna in which a radiator is formed in a loop shape are used. Although an example in which one sensor tag 4 is affixed to each protection object 3 will be described, a plurality of sensor tags 4 may be affixed to long objects. In addition, although three antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c are provided in the protection area 2, four or more antennas may be provided.

The receiver 8 collects the temperature data detected by the sensor tag 4 based on the polling list with respect to the sensor tag 4, the fire occurrence determination unit 12 that determines the occurrence of fire based on the collected temperature data, Fire source position specifying unit 13 that specifies the position of the fire source when it is determined that a fire has occurred, the database 14 in which the position information related to the sensor tag 4 is stored in association with the identification information, and the operation of the protection target 3 is stopped An operation stop switch 17 is provided.
The receiver 8 is provided with an alarm lamp 15 and a speaker 16.

As shown in FIG. 3, the polling unit 11 has electric field intensity measuring circuits 18a, 18b, and 18c that measure electric field intensity of radio waves received by the three antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c. The electric field strength data measured by the measurement circuits 18 a, 18 b, and 18 c is sent to the fire source position specifying unit 13.
The polling unit 11 includes a reception amplifier circuit 21 and a demodulation circuit 22 connected to the antenna 19a. The reception amplifier circuit 21 is a circuit that amplifies a radio signal received by the antenna 19a, and an FET or the like is used. The demodulation circuit 22 is a circuit having a filter or the like that detects the received signal and reproduces temperature data and identification information. It is. The reproduced temperature data and identification information are sent to the fire occurrence determination unit 12.
The polling unit 11 includes a modulation circuit 23 and a transmission amplifier circuit 24 connected to the antenna 19a. The modulation circuit 23 modulates the identification information of the sensor tag 4 to be polled into a wireless signal to be transmitted, and the transmission amplifier circuit 24 amplifies the signal to be transmitted and transmits it from the antenna 19a.
The polling unit 11 includes a control circuit 25, and the control circuit 25 requests the sensor tag 4 to transmit temperature data and identification information according to a predetermined order. The sensor tag 4 can transmit temperature data and identification information only when there is a transmission request.

  Here, the radio wave radiated from the antenna 19a is a weak radio wave with a power consumption of 200 mW, for example, and the range in which data can be transmitted and received is within several tens of meters. The radio wave radiated from the antenna 19a is, for example, a microwave having a frequency band of 2.1 GHz to 5.8 GHz or a very high frequency wave having a center frequency of 315 MHz. By using radio waves in such a very high frequency range or microwave band, the size of the polling unit 11 can be reduced.

In the database 14, position information of the reference point of the fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 and temperature data for a predetermined period going back to the past for each sensor tag 4 are stored.
The fire occurrence determination unit 12 classifies the temperature data for each sensor tag 4 based on the temperature data and the identification information reproduced by the polling unit 11, compares the temperature data with a predetermined fire threshold value, and generates temperature data. When the value exceeds the fire threshold, it is determined that a fire has occurred, and identification information is attached to issue a position specifying command to the fire source position specifying unit 13.

When the fire source position specifying unit 13 receives the position specifying command, the sensor tag 4 corresponding to the identification information is pasted using the electric field strengths Ea, Eb, Ec of the radio wave from the sensor tag 4 specified by the attached identification information. Find the three-dimensional position coordinates of the protected object. Since the electric field intensity of the radio wave radiated from the sensor tag is inversely proportional to the distance, the distance between the sensor tag 4 and each of the antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c can be obtained using this relationship. The point where the positions separated from the reference points of the antennas 19a, 19b, and 19c coincide with each other is the three-dimensional position coordinates of the sensor tag 4, and this is fire source position information. Then, a fire extinguishing command is sent to the fire extinguishing control panel 9 with the fire source position information attached. When four or more antennas are provided, the position of the sensor tag 4 is specified by adopting three electric field strengths from the one with the larger electric field strength.
The fire source position specifying unit 13 stops the operation of the obtained protection target 3 with the operation stop switch 17.
In addition, the fire source position specifying unit 13 turns on the warning lamp 15 corresponding to the obtained protection target object 3 to notify the surrounding person of the protection target object 3 in which a fire has occurred. In addition, the fire source position specifying unit 13 notifies the speaker 16 that a fire has occurred in the obtained protection target object 3.

As shown in FIG. 4, the sensor tag 4 includes a temperature sensor unit 31 that outputs temperature data for detecting a temperature rise due to a fire, and an A / D that converts the temperature data output from the temperature sensor unit 31 into digital data. A conversion circuit 32, a control circuit 33 that controls wireless transmission of A / D converted temperature data, a transmission / reception circuit 34 that wirelessly transmits / receives data to / from the receiver 8, and a memory unit 35 that temporarily stores digital data.
The sensor tag 4 includes a primary battery (not shown). Since the sensor tag 4 has its own power supply, it is called a “sensor RFID tag” that incorporates an active sensor function and can perform wireless communication.

The temperature sensor unit 31 is a sensor that outputs temperature data for detecting an increase in temperature due to a fire, and can perform temperature measurement in a range of −40 ° C. to + 120 ° C. It is formed by a semiconductor temperature sensor having a size of several mm or a resistance element type temperature sensor.
The temperature sensor unit 31 is attached to a surface opposite to the other circuit configured on the surface of the mounting substrate (not shown), and is connected to another circuit of the mounting substrate through a hole drilled in the approximate center of the mounting substrate. Has been fixed. Thereby, temperature measurement can be accurately performed by the temperature sensor unit 31.

The A / D conversion circuit 32 is a known conversion circuit that converts temperature data into, for example, an 8-bit digital signal.
Here, the A / D conversion circuit 32, the control circuit 33, and the transmission / reception circuit 34 are manufactured on a chip such as a Ga-As substrate using a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technique which is a well-known IC design technique. The circuit is made into an IC.

When the fire extinguishing control panel 9 receives a fire extinguishing command to the fire source position from the fire source position specifying unit 13, the fire extinguishing control panel 9 selects a fire extinguishing nozzle 6 provided in the protection area 2 that can emit a fire extinguishing agent to the fire source position. Then, the radiation direction of the selected fire extinguishing nozzle 6 is obtained. Then, the radiation direction of the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 is controlled and the aim is adjusted, and then the emission of the extinguishing agent is started.
The fire extinguishing control panel 9 stores information on the occupied area where the protection target 3 occupies the protection area 2.
And the fire extinguishing control panel 9 calculates the line segment which connects a fire origin position and the reference point of each fire extinguishing nozzle 6, and extracts the line segment which does not cover an occupied area among each line segment, and is used for fire extinguishing The nozzle 6 is selected.
Furthermore, the fire-extinguishing control panel 9 calculates the horizontal radiation angle and the vertical radiation angle of the fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 so that the radiation direction of the selected fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 matches the line segment. And the radiation direction of the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 is controlled based on the calculated horizontal radiation angle and vertical radiation angle. Finally, when the control of the radiation direction is completed, extinguish the fire by emitting a fire extinguisher.

Next, the procedure from temperature measurement to fire extinguishing in the disaster prevention system 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure from temperature measurement to fire fighting operation.
In S101, each sensor tag 4 periodically measures the temperature.
In S102, the polling unit 11 requests the sensor tags 4 to sequentially transmit temperature data according to the polling list.
In S <b> 103, the polling unit 11 collects temperature data sequentially sent from each sensor tag 4. At this time, the electric field strength measuring circuits 18a, 18b, and 18c measure the electric field strength of the received radio wave, and send the measured electric field strength together with the identification information to the fire source position specifying unit 13.
In S104, the fire occurrence determination unit 12 determines whether or not a fire has occurred by comparing the temperature data with the fire threshold. When it is determined that a fire has occurred, a fire source position specifying command is issued to the fire source position specifying unit 13.
In S105, the fire source position specifying unit 13 is the position where the sensor tag 4 is pasted from the three electric field strengths Ea, Eb, Ec corresponding to the identification information of the sensor tag 4 from which the temperature data exceeding the fire threshold is measured. Is regarded as the fire source position.
In S106, the fire-source position specifying unit 13 searches the position information table based on the identification information of the sensor tag 4 and detects the protection object 3 to which the sensor tag 4 that has detected the temperature data related to the determination that the fire has occurred is attached. Specify and command to stop the protection object 3 via the operation stop switch 17.
In S <b> 107, the fire source position specifying unit 13 sounds an audible alarm from the lighting of the warning lamp 15 and the speaker 16.
In S108, the fire extinguishing control panel 9 selects the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 that can radiate the fire extinguishing agent from the position information of the fire extinguishing nozzle 6 and the fire source position to the fire source position.
In S109, the fire extinguishing control panel 9 determines the horizontal radiation angle and the vertical radiation angle so that the fire source position is included in the radiation direction of the selected fire extinguishing nozzle 6.
In S110, the fire-extinguishing control panel 9 operates the drive mechanism of the fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 to adjust the fire-extinguishing nozzle 6 to the radiation angle.
In S111, the fire extinguishing control panel 9 emits a fire extinguishing agent.

Since such a disaster prevention system 1 has a plurality of sensor tags 4 attached to an object to be protected and determines the occurrence of a fire based on temperature data therefrom, it can accurately determine the occurrence of a fire. .
Moreover, since the size of the sensor tag 4 to be attached is small, it is possible to stop the protective object 3 before taking a big fire by detecting the partial heat generation of the protective object 3 and take measures.

In addition, even if moving within the protection area 2, the antennas 19a, 19b, 19c and the sensor tag 4 are radiated from the same sensor tag 4 and received from the three antennas 19a, 19b, 19c. Is obtained, and the current position of the protection object 4 can be specified by three-point surveying.
Moreover, since the receiver 8 collects temperature data from the sensor tag 4 by wireless communication, the sensor tag 4 can be attached to a movable part such as a rotating part of the protection target 3, and the detection blind spot for the protection target 3 can be reduced. .
In addition, since the receiver 8 collects temperature data from the sensor tag 4 by wireless communication, a system can be constructed at low cost without incurring the costs associated with wiring.
In addition, since the extinguishing agent is radiated after the extinguishing nozzle 6 is aimed at the fire source position, the fire extinguishing agent is accurately supplied to the fire source so that quick fire extinguishing activity can be performed.

Although the receiver 8 and the fire extinguishing control panel 9 have been described as separate devices, the receiver 8 and the fire extinguishing control panel 9 may be integrated as an integrated operation panel.
In addition, the sensor tag 4 has been described as an active sensor having its own power supply, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a so-called passive sensor tag having no own power supply may be used.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a sensor tag according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a receiver according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The disaster prevention system according to the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the disaster prevention system 1 according to the first embodiment in that the determination of the occurrence of a fire that is performed in the receiver 8 is performed by the sensor tag 4B. Since they are the same, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts and the description is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 6, the sensor tag 4B according to the second embodiment includes a temperature sensor unit 31 that outputs temperature data for detecting an increase in temperature due to a fire, and the temperature data output from the temperature sensor unit 31 is digital data. An A / D conversion circuit 32 that converts to digital data, a fire occurrence determination circuit 40 that compares the temperature data converted into digital data with a predetermined fire threshold and determines that a fire has occurred when the temperature data exceeds the fire threshold, A control circuit 33B that controls wireless transmission of a fire signal that notifies the receiver 8B that a fire has occurred, a transmission / reception circuit 34 that transmits and receives wirelessly with the receiver 8B, and a memory unit 35 that temporarily stores digital data .

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the receiver 8B according to the second embodiment includes a polling unit 11B that collects information related to the occurrence of a fire determined by the sensor tag 4B based on the polling list for the sensor tag 4B. A fire source position specifying unit 13B that specifies the position of the fire source when information related to the occurrence is collected, a database 14 in which the position information related to the sensor tag 4B is stored in association with the identification information, and the operation of the protection target 3 An operation stop switch 17 for stopping is provided.
Thus, even if the determination of the occurrence of fire is performed by the sensor tag 4B, the source of the fire can be reliably identified by identifying the position of the sensor tag 4B that has determined the occurrence of the fire by the receiver 8B.

It is a figure which shows the mode of the protection area where the disaster prevention system concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention is deployed. It is a block diagram of the disaster prevention system concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. 3 is a functional block diagram of a polling unit according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a block diagram of the sensor tag concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure from temperature measurement to fire extinguishing work. It is a block diagram of the sensor tag concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention. 6 is a functional block diagram of a receiver according to Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Disaster prevention system, 2 Protection area, 3 Protection target object, 4 Sensor tag, 5 rail, 6 Fire extinguishing nozzle, 8 Receiver, 9 Fire extinguishing control panel, 11 Polling part, 12 Fire occurrence determination part, 13 Fire source position identification part, 14 Database, 15 Warning light, 16 Speaker, 17 Stop switch, 18a, 18b, 18c Electric field intensity measuring circuit, 19a, 19b, 19c Antenna, 21 Amplifying circuit for reception, 22 Demodulating circuit, 23 Modulating circuit, 24 Amplifying for transmission Circuit, 25 Control circuit, 31 Temperature sensor part, 32 A / D conversion circuit, 33 Control circuit, 34 Transmission / reception circuit, 35 Memory part, 40 Fire occurrence determination circuit.

Claims (3)

Affixed to the object to be protected, detects the physical quantity related to the object to be protected, and directly converts the data of the physical quantity into a radio signal and transmits it, or further determines whether a fire has occurred based on the physical quantity and fires. A sensor tag that transmits a wireless signal indicating the occurrence of a fire when it is determined that the occurrence of
Three or more antennas for receiving the radio waves,
An electric field strength measuring circuit for measuring the electric field strength of the radio wave received by each of the antennas;
When the radio signal converted from the physical quantity data is received and returned to the physical quantity data, the occurrence of a fire is judged based on the physical quantity data, or when a radio signal indicating the occurrence of a fire is received, three or more A receiver that determines the position of the sensor tag that has detected the physical quantity data based on the electric field strength of the radio wave received by the antenna and regards it as a fire source;
A disaster prevention system characterized by comprising: A plurality of fire-extinguishing nozzles for fire-extinguishing the protection area where the protection object is disposed;
Selecting the fire extinguishing nozzle capable of radiating the fire extinguishing agent to the position of the fire source, and adjusting the aim of the fire extinguishing nozzle to the position of the fire source, and then a fire extinguishing control device that radiates the fire extinguishing agent; and
The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, comprising:   The disaster prevention system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensor tag is an RFID tag with a sensor function.

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