JP2006242240A - Energy absorbing device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an energy absorbing device for reducing vibration energy transmitted to a building or a civil structure in earthquake, having stable energy absorbing performance and high repeating durability and being easy and inexpensive to manufacture. <P>SOLUTION: The energy absorbing device comprises a hollow portion h provided vertically passing through a laminate 3 which consists of a plurality of hard plates 1 such as steel plates and a plurality of elastic bodies 2 such as rubbers alternately laminated in the vertical direction, and an energy absorber 4 stored in the hollow portion h for absorbing vibration energy of earthquake or the like. The energy absorber 4 is formed of an elasto-plastic material having greater yielding force than bearing pressure which occurs between the energy absorber 4 and the inner face of the hollow portion h and/or between the energy absorber 4 and a mounting plate 6 of the energy absorbing device when absorbing the vibration energy. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an energy absorbing device for reducing vibration energy transmitted to a building, a civil engineering structure, a precision instrument, or the like when an earthquake occurs. More specifically, the present invention relates to an energy absorbing device in which an energy absorber that absorbs vibration energy such as earthquake is provided in a laminate in which a plurality of hard plates such as steel plates and elastic bodies such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction. Is.

  Conventionally, for example, the following Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been proposed as energy absorbers that reduce vibration energy transmitted to buildings, civil engineering structures, and the like when an earthquake occurs. FIG. 8 shows an example, and the energy absorbing device A of the present example includes a pair of upper and lower laminates 3 in which a plurality of hard plates 1 such as steel plates and elastic bodies 2 such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction. Lead that absorbs vibration energy such as earthquakes in a hollow portion (through hole) h that is arranged between the substrates 5 and 5 and is formed in the center portion of both the substrates 5 and 5 and the laminated body 3 in the vertical direction. It is the structure which accommodated and arrange | positioned the energy absorber 4 which consists of these elastic-plastic bodies.

  As shown in FIG. 8, mounting plates 6 are integrally attached to both the upper and lower ends of the laminate 3 and the energy absorber 4 via a substrate 5, respectively, and the mounting plates 6 are constructed with bolts or the like (not shown). It is a structure to be attached to an object or a civil engineering structure. Specifically, for example, in a building such as a building as shown in FIG. 9, between the upper structure B such as the building and the lower structure C such as the base, and in FIG. In a civil structure such as a bridge as shown, one or a plurality of the energy absorbing devices A are arranged between an upper structure B such as a bridge girder and a lower structure C such as a pier, A bolt or the like is inserted into the mounting hole 6a formed in the upper and lower mounting plates 6 of each energy absorbing device A and is mounted on the structures B and C.

  The energy absorbing device A arranged between the upper and lower structures B and C as described above is designed to reduce seismic energy by deforming in the horizontal direction when an earthquake occurs while stably supporting a building or the like. It functions as both a seismic isolation isolator and a seismic isolation damper. As a result, the installation space can be reduced and the workability can be improved as compared with the case where the isolator and the damper are separately arranged.

  By the way, in the said patent document 1, when manufacturing the above energy absorption apparatuses, applying the hydrostatic pressure equivalent to or more than the shear yield stress to the energy absorber which consists of an elastic-plastic body is proposed. ing. Moreover, in patent document 2, when manufacturing the above energy absorption apparatus, the volume in the hollow part h is larger than 1.0 with respect to the volume of the energy absorber 4 which consists of an elastic-plastic body from 1.05. It has been proposed to reduce slippage between the energy absorber 4 and the hollow portion h by reducing the size.

  For example, when the energy absorber 4 is accommodated in the hollow portion h formed in the laminate 3, the energy absorber 4 is brought into close contact with the inner surface of the hollow portion h so that there is no gap between them. However, there is a problem that the energy absorber 4 does not plastically deform as ideally and adversely affects the energy absorption capacity and the repeated durability. Moreover, by applying an application equal to or greater than the yield point of the elastoplastic body, the surface pressure between the elastoplastic body and the laminated rubber is high, and the resistance force between the two becomes large. As a result, the elastoplastic body may lose its providing power, and the elastoplastic body may be rolled up or cracked in the worst case.

  The mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. 11. In the energy absorbing device, the outer peripheral surface of the energy absorber 4 is initially hollow in the laminate 3 as shown in FIG. 11A due to the hydrostatic pressure applied to the energy absorber 4 at the time of manufacture. It is in a state of being in close contact with the inner surface of the portion h. In this state, when the upper substrate 5 is deformed so that the upper substrate 5 is relatively displaced to the right in the figure as a result of vibration due to an earthquake or the like, the internal energy absorber 4 is also moved accordingly. Plastic deformation as shown. Then, the energy absorber 4 is displaced so as to be stretched as a whole, and its diameter, particularly the diameter of the central portion, is deformed so as to be thin as shown in FIG.

  Next, when the upper substrate 5 is deformed (returned deformed) from the state of FIG. 11C in the direction returning to the original position on the left side in the drawing, the energy absorbers 4 are positioned at both upper and lower ends. While undergoing compression by 5, the deformation is performed such that the diameter swells. In particular, both ends of the energy absorber 4 close to the substrate 5 receive more compressive force and expand more. On the other hand, since the compression from the substrate is not transmitted so much in the vicinity of the central portion of the energy absorber 4 in the vertical direction, there is little change in the diameter.

  As described above, whenever the energy absorbing device moves in the horizontal direction due to vibration caused by an earthquake or the like, different deformation and flow occur near the upper and lower ends and near the center of the energy absorber 4. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11 (d), the crystal of the energy absorber 4 becomes irregular and non-homogeneous in the vicinity of the center and both ends of the energy absorber 4, and is caused by shear fracture near the boundary. Separation from the inner surfaces of the energy absorber 4 and the hollow portion due to the difference in diameter change between the center portion and both ends, or a gap occurs at the corner of the energy absorber 4. As a result, there are problems such as unstable energy absorption performance and reduced durability.

Japanese Patent No. 3360828 JP-A-11-29986

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an energy absorption device that has stable energy absorption performance, high repetition durability, and that can be easily and inexpensively manufactured. To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, an energy absorbing device according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, a hollow part that penetrates in the vertical direction is provided in a laminated body in which a hard plate such as a steel plate and an elastic body such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction, and vibration energy such as earthquake is absorbed in the hollow part. In the energy absorbing device that houses and arranges the energy absorber to be absorbed, a surface generated between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion and / or between the energy absorber and the mounting plate of the energy absorber when absorbing vibration energy The energy absorber is formed of an elastic-plastic material having a yield point larger than the pressure.

  In the energy absorbing device as described above, it has a yield point larger than the surface pressure generated between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion and / or between the energy absorber and the mounting plate of the energy absorber. Instead of or after forming the energy absorber with an elastoplastic material, the friction is reduced between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow part and / or between the energy absorber and the mounting plate of the energy absorber. A material or an elastic spacer may be interposed.

  As described above, at the time of vibration energy absorption, an elastic member having a yield point larger than a surface pressure generated between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow part and / or between the energy absorber and the mounting plate of the energy absorber. By forming the energy absorber from a plastic material, it is possible to satisfactorily absorb vibration due to an earthquake or the like without the displacement and deformation of the energy absorber being hindered by the surface pressure. The same effect as described above can be obtained when an antifriction material or an elastic spacer is interposed between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion and / or between the energy absorber and the mounting plate of the energy absorber. Is obtained. Furthermore, the energy absorption device having high energy absorption performance and stability and high repetition durability can be easily and inexpensively manufactured by the extremely simple configuration as described above.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an energy absorbing device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof. Members having the same functions as those in the conventional example will be described with the same reference numerals.

  The energy absorbing device A of the present embodiment is a laminated body in which a hard plate 1 such as a steel plate and an elastic body 2 such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction and integrated with an adhesive or the like as in the conventional example. 3 is arranged between a pair of upper and lower substrates 5 and 5, and vibration energy such as an earthquake is placed in a hollow portion (through hole) h penetrating in the vertical direction formed in the central portion of both the substrates 5 and 5 and the laminate 3. It is the structure which accommodated and arrange | positioned the energy absorber 4 which consists of elastic-plastic bodies, such as a tin to absorb.

  Further, the present invention can provide a mounting plate (mounting plate surface) between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h of the laminated body 3 and / or the energy absorber 4 and an energy absorbing device described later when absorbing vibration energy. ) The energy absorber 4 is formed of an elastic-plastic material having a yield force larger than the surface pressure generated between the energy absorber 6 and the energy absorber 4 using tin as the elastic-plastic material in the present embodiment. Is formed. In addition to tin, for example, bismuth, aluminum, copper, antimony, lead, silver, zinc, iron, indium and the like can be used.

  Moreover, although the carbon steel plate was used in this embodiment as the hard plate 1, a stainless steel plate, another metal plate, a hard synthetic resin plate, etc. can also be used. In the present embodiment, natural rubber is used as the elastic body 2, but synthetic rubber, soft synthetic resin, or the like may be used. In the longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, hatching (hatched lines) representing the cross sections of the hard plate 1, the elastic body 2, and the energy absorber 4 is omitted to avoid complication. The same applies to other longitudinal sectional views and explanatory views to be described later.

  A mounting plate 6 is integrally attached to the upper and lower ends of the laminate 3 and the energy absorber 4 configured as described above with bolts 7 or the like via the substrate 5 as in the conventional example. An attachment hole 6 a is formed in 6. 9 and 10, one or a plurality of the energy absorbing devices A are provided between the upper structure B such as a building or a structure and the lower structure C such as a base thereof. The bolts 8 and the like are inserted into the mounting holes 6a provided in the energy absorbing devices A and attached to the structures B and C.

  By using tin or the like as the energy absorber 4 of the energy absorber A disposed between the upper and lower structures B and C as described above, the hollow portion h of the energy absorber 4 and the laminate 3 is absorbed during vibration energy absorption. Since the yield force of the energy absorber 4 is larger than the surface pressure generated between the inner surface of the material and the inner surface of the material, the energy absorber 4 loses the influence of the inner surface of the hollow portion h, for example, friction or biting with the laminate 3. Therefore, without causing irregular deformation, vibration can be efficiently absorbed with good deformation.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration when absorbing vibrations such as earthquakes using the energy absorbing device of the above embodiment, and it is initially accommodated in the hollow portion h of the laminate 3 as shown in FIG. The energy absorber 4 is in a state where its outer peripheral surface is almost in close contact with the inner surface of the hollow portion h. In this state, when the upper substrate 5 is deformed so that the upper substrate 5 is relatively displaced to the right in the figure as a result of vibration due to an earthquake or the like, the internal energy absorber 4 is also moved accordingly. Plastic deformation as shown. At this time, since the yield force of the energy absorber 4 is greater than the surface pressure generated between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h, the energy absorber 4 is deformed or displaced almost freely. The diameter of the central portion in the vertical direction of the energy absorber 4 is not reduced as in the prior art.

  Next, when the upper substrate 5 is deformed from the state of FIG. 3B in the direction of returning to the original position on the left side (return deformation) as shown in FIG. In addition, even when a compressive force is applied from the substrate 5 located at both upper and lower ends, the energy absorber 4 is not restricted by the surface pressure generated between the inner surface of the hollow portion h and the energy absorber 4 is restricted. Since the above-mentioned compressive force acts on the entire length in the longitudinal direction, the diameter of only the both end portions does not swell as described above. Further, unlike the prior art, there is no flow of energy absorbers 4 at the corners of the both end portions, or the flow of rotating in a complicated manner.

  Therefore, the energy absorbing device of the above-described embodiment according to the present invention has different deformation and flow in the vicinity of the upper and lower end portions and the central portion of the energy absorber 4 each time it moves in the horizontal direction due to vibration caused by an earthquake or the like. The entire energy absorber 4 is deformed without any deviation, and even if this is repeated, the initial state is maintained as shown in FIG. Therefore, there is no occurrence of irregularity or inhomogeneity of the crystalline structure of the energy absorber 4 as in the prior art, and cracking, peeling, or generation of gaps, and the like. The vibration absorbing performance can be maintained.

  In the above embodiment, in order to solve the above-described problem, an elastic-plastic material having a yield force larger than the surface pressure generated between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h of the laminate 3 when absorbing vibration energy. The energy absorber 4 is formed by the above, but instead of such a configuration or the above configuration, the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h and / or the energy absorption. An antifriction material or an elastic spacer may be interposed between the body 4 and the mounting plate 6 of the energy absorbing device.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of this. The antifriction material 10 is interposed between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h. It may be interposed between and between the above. The antifriction material 10 is, for example, a solid or powdery lubricant such as Teflon (registered trademark) or molybdenum, or a liquid lubricant such as grease or oil, or the above-described solid or powdery lubricant and liquid. Both lubricants can be used in combination.

  When the antifriction material 10 is interposed between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h and / or between the energy absorber 4 and the mounting plate 6 as described above, the energy absorber 4 is absorbed during vibration energy absorption. It is possible to reduce as much as possible the surface pressure generated between the laminated body 3 and / or between the energy absorber 4 and the mounting plate 6, and the energy absorber 4 as in the above embodiment. Since it can be deformed without being affected by the inner surface of the hollow portion of the laminate 3 and / or the surface pressure with the mounting plate 6, it can withstand repeated vibrations and maintain a stable energy absorption capability.

  Although not shown in the drawing, an elastic spacer made of rubber or the like is used instead of the antifriction material 10 between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h and / or the energy absorber 4 and the mounting plate. 6 may be interposed. As the elastic spacer, for example, it is desirable to use a soft rubber having a sheet shape of 1 mm or more, a cylindrical shape, or a desired shape. The elastic spacer can be easily loaded by, for example, winding it around the outer peripheral surface of the energy absorber 4 and inserting it into the hollow portion h.

  When an elastic spacer made of rubber or the like is interposed between the energy absorber 4 and the inner surface of the hollow portion h of the laminate 3 as described above, energy absorption to the inner surface of the hollow portion h is caused by the elasticity when absorbing vibration energy. Displacement of the body 4 is allowed, and the energy absorber 4 can be deformed almost without being affected by the inner surface of the hollow portion h of the laminate 3 as in the above-described embodiments. Ability can continue.

  Next, as a specific example of the present invention, an energy absorbing device as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 was actually fabricated and subjected to a vibration test. The results are shown in FIGS. In addition, the dimension and material of each part of the energy absorber produced in the present Example are as follows. First, the height of the laminated body 3 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is 250 mm including the upper and lower substrates 5, the outer diameter is φ500 mm, the height of the energy absorber 4 serving as the core is 250 mm, and the outer diameter is φ100 mm. As the material of the energy absorber 4, an alloy obtained by adding 0.3% bismuth to 99% purity tin and having a yield point of 20 MPa was used. On the other hand, as a comparative example for the above example, an energy absorbing device similar to that of the above example was used except that the core material was 99% pure tin and the yield point was 15 MPa.

  In the vibration test, the surface pressure is set to 18 MPa, which is a numerical value between the yield points of the above example and the comparative example, the test deformation speed is 5 mm / s, the deformation amount (the horizontal displacement with respect to the total thickness of the elastic body 2). Amount) was carried out as a 250% deformation (horizontal displacement of about 310 mm). FIG. 5 shows a displacement history curve of the first cycle in the above-described example and comparative example. At this point, there is not much difference in the history loop shape in both the example and the comparative example. However, in FIG. 6 in which the history of the 10th cycle is taken under the same excitation condition as described above, it can be seen that the energy absorption amount, which is the area in the history loop, is lower in the comparative example than in the example. FIG. 7 shows the measurement of the rate of decrease of the energy absorption amount for each cycle with the initial energy absorption amount being 1.0. According to this, the example shows that the rate of decrease at the 10th cycle is 0 compared to the comparative example. It can be seen that it is excellent in durability repeatedly by about 1 less. From the above results, by using a metal having a higher yield point than the surface pressure for the core, it is possible to obtain an energy absorbing device having high durability, that is, an energy absorption amount that does not change even when repeated.

  As described above, the energy absorbing device according to the present invention is capable of preventing the displacement and deformation of the energy absorber from being disturbed by the surface pressure generated between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion of the laminate when absorbing vibration energy. Therefore, it is possible to easily and inexpensively manufacture an energy absorbing device having a high energy absorption performance and its stability and high durability. As a result, the degree of freedom in designing and selecting the energy absorbing device as described above can be increased, and industrial applicability can be increased.

The perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the energy absorption apparatus by this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the energy absorber of the said embodiment. Schematic structure explanatory drawing which shows the operation state of the said energy absorption apparatus. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment of the energy absorption apparatus by this invention. The displacement history curve figure of the Example based on this invention, and a comparative example. The displacement history curve figure of the Example based on this invention, and a comparative example. The energy absorption amount change measurement figure of the Example based on this invention, and a comparative example. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the conventional energy absorption apparatus. Explanatory drawing of the example which constructed the said conventional energy absorption apparatus in the building. Explanatory drawing of the example which constructed the said conventional energy absorption apparatus to the civil engineering structure. Schematic structure explanatory drawing which shows the operation state of the said conventional energy absorption apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hard board 2 Elastic body 3 Laminated body 4 Energy absorber 5 Board | substrate 6 Mounting plate 7, 8 Bolt A Energy absorber B Upper structure C Lower structure h Hollow part

Claims (6)

Energy that absorbs vibration energy such as earthquakes in a hollow part that penetrates in the vertical direction in a laminated body in which multiple hard plates such as steel plates and elastic bodies such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction In the energy absorption device that houses and arranges the absorber,
The elastic-plastic material having a yield point larger than the surface pressure generated between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion and / or between the energy absorber and the mounting plate of the energy absorber when absorbing vibration energy. An energy absorption device characterized by forming an energy absorber. Energy that absorbs vibration energy such as earthquakes in a hollow part that penetrates in the vertical direction in a laminated body in which multiple hard plates such as steel plates and elastic bodies such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction In the energy absorption device that houses and arranges the absorber,
An energy absorbing device comprising an antifriction material interposed between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion and / or between the energy absorber and a mounting plate of the energy absorbing device.   As the antifriction material, a solid or powdery lubricant such as Teflon or molybdenum, or a liquid lubricant such as grease or oil, or both of the above solid or powdery lubricant and liquid lubricant are used in combination. The energy absorbing device according to claim 2. Energy that absorbs vibration energy such as earthquakes in a hollow part that penetrates in the vertical direction in a laminated body in which multiple hard plates such as steel plates and elastic bodies such as rubber are alternately laminated in the vertical direction In the energy absorption device that houses and arranges the absorber,
An energy absorbing device, wherein an elastic spacer is interposed between the energy absorber and the inner surface of the hollow portion and / or between the energy absorber and a mounting plate of the energy absorbing device.   The energy absorption device according to claim 4, wherein a soft rubber having a thickness of 1 mm or more is used as the elastic spacer.   The energy absorption device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the energy absorber is formed using tin or a tin alloy as the elastic-plastic material.

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