JP2006170587A - Absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To allow partial load operation suppressing overall energy consumption. <P>SOLUTION: An evaporator is separated into a low pressure evaporator 1A and a high pressure evaporator 1B, and an absorber is separated into a low pressure absorber 2A and a high pressure absorber 2B. The low pressure side equipments are arranged in a pair, and the high pressure side equipments are arranged in a pair. A low temperature regenerator 3 and a condenser 4 are arranged above the low pressure evaporator 1A and the low pressure absorber 2A, and a by-pass pipe 21C with an opening/closing valve V1 interposed is connected to a brine pipe 21 in which a heat exchanger tube 21A installed below a sprinkler 1b in the high pressure evaporator 1B, and a heat exchanger tube 21B installed below a sprinkler 1a in the low pressure evaporator 1A, are interposed in series, so that most of brine conveyed by a brine pump P3 can flow making a detour around the heat exchanger tube 21A in the high pressure evaporator 1B. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator (including an absorption chiller / heater).

  In this type of absorption refrigerator, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the evaporator is separated into a low-pressure evaporator 1A and a high-pressure evaporator 1B, and the absorber is separated into a low-pressure absorber 2A and a high-pressure absorber 2B. A two-stage absorption refrigerator 100X in which side devices and high-pressure side devices are arranged in pairs is well known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In the figure, 3 is a low temperature regenerator, 4 is a condenser, 5 is a high temperature regenerator equipped with a burner 6, 7 is a low temperature heat exchanger, 8 is a high temperature heat exchanger, P1 is a refrigerant pump, and P2 is a cooling water pump. , 21 is a brine pipe, and 22 is a cooling water pipe.

  Therefore, in the absorption refrigerator 100X having the above-described configuration, the refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the low-pressure absorber 2A, the concentration is decreased, and the absorption liquid whose saturated vapor pressure is increased is sent to the high-pressure absorber 2B. The brine (for example, cold water) that has been cooled by the vessel 1B and has a reduced temperature and a reduced vapor pressure flows to the low-pressure evaporator 1A through the brine pipe 21.

  The high-pressure evaporator 1B communicating with the high-pressure absorber 2B has a high vapor pressure due to the flow of high-temperature brine flowing back from the heat load after finishing the cooling operation such as cooling via the brine pipe 21. A sufficient vapor pressure difference from the absorber 2B can be obtained.

Further, the low pressure absorber 2A communicating with the low pressure evaporator 1A is sprayed with a high concentration absorbing liquid heated and concentrated in the high temperature regenerator 5, so that the vapor pressure is lowered, and the difference in vapor pressure from the low pressure evaporator 1A is obtained. You can take enough. In this way, the vapor pressure difference is sufficiently generated between the low-pressure stage and high-pressure stage evaporators and absorbers, thereby improving the performance.
JP 2003-130485 A

  However, in the conventional two-stage absorption refrigerator configured as described above, the brine circulatingly supplied to the heat load always passes through the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure evaporator and the heat transfer pipe in the low-pressure evaporator, and the cooling water absorbs high pressure. Since the pipe must pass through the heat transfer pipe in the compressor and the heat transfer pipe in the low-pressure absorber, the pump for conveying brine and the pump for conveying cooling water during partial load operation with a small heat load There is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the power cost for driving the motor.

  A low-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, a high-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid accumulated in the low-pressure evaporator is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, and a low-pressure absorber in which absorption liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe And a high-pressure absorber in which the absorption liquid accumulated in the low-pressure absorber is sprayed on the heat transfer tube, via the heat transfer tube in the high-pressure evaporator and the heat transfer tube in the low-pressure evaporator The bypass pipe is connected to the brine pipe thus piped so that part or all of the brine can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure evaporator, or the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber and the heat transfer in the low-pressure absorber are connected. An absorption chiller whose main feature is that a bypass pipe is connected to a cooling water pipe that is routed through a heat pipe so that part or all of the cooling water can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber. is there.

  According to the present invention, during partial load operation with a small load, part or all of the brine flows around the heat transfer pipe in the high pressure evaporator, or part or all of the cooling water flows around the high pressure absorber. By doing so, the power cost of ancillary facilities can be reduced.

  A low-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, a high-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid accumulated in the low-pressure evaporator is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, and a low-pressure absorber in which absorption liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe And a high-pressure absorber in which the absorption liquid accumulated in the low-pressure absorber is sprayed on the heat transfer tube, via the heat transfer tube in the high-pressure evaporator and the heat transfer tube in the low-pressure evaporator The first bypass pipe is connected to the brine pipe thus piped so that part or all of the brine can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure evaporator, and the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber and the heat transfer in the low-pressure absorber are connected. The second bypass pipe is connected to the cooling water pipe that is routed through the heat pipe so that part or all of the cooling water can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. As illustrated in FIG. 1, also in the absorption refrigerator 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention, the low-pressure evaporator 1A, the low-pressure absorber 2A arranged in parallel with the low-pressure evaporator 1A, the low-pressure evaporator 1A, A high-pressure evaporator 1B and a high-pressure absorber 2B are provided below the low-pressure absorber 2A.

  A low temperature regenerator 3 and a condenser 4 are disposed above the low pressure evaporator 1A and the low pressure absorber 2A. The refrigerant liquid discharge port of the condenser 4 and the gas phase part of the high-pressure evaporator 1B are connected by a refrigerant pipe 12 provided with a U-seal part on the way, and the refrigerant liquid reservoir of the high-pressure evaporator 1B and the low-pressure evaporator 1A The inner upper sprayer 1a is connected via a refrigerant pipe 13 in which a refrigerant pump P1 is interposed, and the refrigerant liquid reservoir bottom of the low-pressure evaporator 1A and the inner upper sprayer 1b of the high-pressure evaporator 1B are refrigerant liquid pipes. 14 is connected.

  Further, one end of an absorption liquid pump P2 having an absorption liquid pump P2 interposed therebetween is connected to the bottom of the absorption liquid reservoir of the high pressure absorber 2B, and absorption is performed in a high temperature regenerator (not shown) to which the other end of the absorption liquid pipe 15 is connected. The liquid absorber 15 is configured so as to be able to transport the rare absorbent that has accumulated in the absorbent reservoir of the high-pressure absorber 2B.

  Further, the refrigerant vapor discharge port of the high-temperature regenerator (not shown) and the bottom of the refrigerant liquid pool of the condenser 4 are connected by the refrigerant tube 11 with the heat transfer tube 11A in the low-temperature regenerator 3 interposed therebetween, and the heat in the high-temperature regenerator The high-temperature refrigerant vapor evaporated and separated from the absorbing liquid is configured to flow into the condenser 4 via the refrigerant pipe 11 and the heat transfer pipe 11A.

  Further, the absorbent discharge port of the high-temperature regenerator (not shown) and the low-temperature regenerator 3 are connected by an absorption liquid pipe 16 with a high-temperature heat exchanger (not shown) interposed therebetween.

  Further, the absorbent discharge port of the low-temperature regenerator 3 and the spreader 2a inside the low-pressure absorber 2A are connected by an absorption liquid pipe 17 with a low-temperature heat exchanger (not shown) interposed therebetween. And the spreader 2b on the inner upper side of the high-pressure absorber 2B are connected by an absorbent liquid pipe 18.

  Further, in the brine pipe 21 in which the heat transfer pipe 21A installed below the spreader 1b in the high-pressure evaporator 1B and the heat transfer pipe 21B installed below the spreader 1a in the low-pressure evaporator 1A are interposed in series. Is connected to a bypass pipe 21C with an open / close valve V1 so that most of the brine conveyed by the operation of the brine pump P3 can flow around the heat transfer pipe 21A.

  Moreover, in the cooling water pipe 22 in which the cooling water pump P4 intervenes, the heat transfer pipe 22A installed below the spreader 2b in the high pressure absorber 2B and the spreader 2a in the low pressure absorber 2A were installed. The heat transfer tube 22B and the heat transfer tube 22C in the condenser 4 are arranged in series.

  Therefore, in the absorption refrigerator 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention having the above-described configuration, since the thermal load is small, the brine to be circulated to the thermal load via the brine pipe 21 is not cooled much by the evaporator. During the partial load operation, the on-off valve V1 is opened so that most of the brine transported by the brine pump P3 flows to the bypass pipe 21C having a small flow path resistance so as to reduce the resistance at the time of transporting the brine. It is possible to reduce the power cost for driving.

  Note that most of the brine conveyed by the brine pump P3 can flow around the heat transfer pipe 21A in the high-pressure evaporator 1B instead of the heat transfer pipe 21B in the low-pressure evaporator 1A when the on-off valve V1 is opened. The bypass pipe 21C is connected to the brine pipe 21 because the adverse effect when the brine is not supplied is larger in the low-pressure evaporator 1A with a large amount of spray from above, and therefore the bypass with the on-off valve V1 interposed. The tube 21C is connected to the portion of the brine tube 21 shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The difference between the absorption refrigerator 100 of the second embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 2 and the absorption refrigerator 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. The cooling water pipe 22 is provided.

  That is, in the absorption refrigeration machine 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1, the bypass pipe 21C having the on-off valve V1 is connected to the brine pipe 21 and conveyed by the brine pump P3. Although most of the brine was configured to be able to flow around the heat transfer tube 21A in the high-pressure evaporator 1B, in the absorption refrigerator 100 of the second embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. The bypass pipe 22D with the on-off valve V2 interposed is connected to the cooling water pipe 22 so that most of the cooling water conveyed by the cooling water pump P4 can flow around the heat transfer pipe 22A in the high-pressure absorber 2B. Has been.

  Therefore, in the absorption refrigerator 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention having the above-described configuration, since the thermal load is small, the brine to be circulated to the thermal load via the brine pipe 21 is not much cooled by the evaporator. During good partial load operation, the evaporation of the refrigerant in the high-pressure evaporator 1B may be somewhat hindered, so the on-off valve V2 is opened, and most of the cooling water conveyed by the cooling water pump P4 is a bypass with low flow resistance. By flowing through the pipe 22D, the resistance during cooling water conveyance can be reduced, and the power cost for driving the cooling water pump P4 can be reduced.

  It should be noted that most of the cooling water conveyed by the cooling water pump P4 flows around the heat transfer pipe 22A in the high pressure absorber 2B instead of the heat transfer pipe 22B in the low pressure absorber 2B when the on-off valve V2 is opened. The reason why the bypass pipe 22D is connected to the cooling water pipe 22 is that the low pressure absorber 2A having a higher absorption liquid concentration has a greater adverse effect when the cooling water is not supplied, and therefore the on-off valve V2 is interposed. The bypass pipe 22D is connected to the portion of the cooling water pipe 22 shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The absorption refrigerator 100 of the third embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 3 includes the absorption refrigerator 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1 and the book illustrated in FIG. It is an absorption refrigeration machine provided with the configuration and characteristics of both of the absorption refrigeration machine 100 of the second embodiment of the invention.

  That is, in the absorption refrigerator 100 of the third embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 3, the brine pipe 21 is connected to the bypass pipe 21 </ b> C having the on-off valve V <b> 1, and the cooling water pipe 22 is connected to the on-off valve V <b> 2. Is connected to the bypass pipe 22D.

  Therefore, in the absorption chiller 100 of the third embodiment of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the on-off valve V1 and the bypass pipe interposed in the bypass pipe 21C during partial load operation where the brine does not have to be cooled much by the evaporator. One or both of the on-off valves V2 interposed in 22D are opened to reduce the power cost for driving the brine pump P3, the power cost for driving the cooling water pump P4, or both. can do.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit described in the claims.

  For example, the on-off valve V1 interposed in the bypass pipe 21C may be provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of the high-pressure evaporator 1B of the brine pipe 21 as indicated by the phantom line, or the on-off valve interposed in the bypass pipe 22D. V2 may also be provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of the high-pressure absorber 2B of the cooling water pipe 22 as indicated by the phantom line.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the 1st absorption refrigerator which becomes this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the 2nd absorption refrigerator which becomes this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the 3rd absorption refrigerator which becomes this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows a prior art.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1A Low pressure evaporator 1a Spreader 1B High pressure evaporator 1b Spreader 2A Low pressure absorber 2a Spreader 2B High pressure absorber 2b Spreader 3 Low temperature regenerator 4 Condenser 11-14 Refrigerant pipe 15-18 Absorption liquid pipe 21 Brine pipe 21A , 21B Heat transfer pipe 21C Bypass pipe 22 Cooling water pipe 22A, 22B, 22C Heat transfer pipe 22D Bypass pipe P1 Refrigerant pump P2 Absorption liquid pump P3 Brine pump P4 Cooling water pump V1, V2 On-off valve 100, 100X Absorption type refrigerator

Claims (3)

  A low-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, a high-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid accumulated in the low-pressure evaporator is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, and a low-pressure absorber in which absorption liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe And a high-pressure absorber in which the absorption liquid accumulated in the low-pressure absorber is sprayed on the heat transfer tube, via the heat transfer tube in the high-pressure evaporator and the heat transfer tube in the low-pressure evaporator An absorption refrigerating machine in which a bypass pipe is connected to a brine pipe piped in such a manner that a part or all of the brine can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure evaporator.   A low-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, a high-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid accumulated in the low-pressure evaporator is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, and a low-pressure absorber in which absorption liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe And a high-pressure absorber in which the absorption liquid accumulated in the low-pressure absorber is sprayed on the heat transfer tube, via the heat transfer tube in the high-pressure absorber and the heat transfer tube in the low-pressure absorber An absorption refrigerating machine characterized in that a bypass pipe is connected to the piped cooling water pipe so that part or all of the cooling water can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber.   A low-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, a high-pressure evaporator in which refrigerant liquid accumulated in the low-pressure evaporator is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe, and a low-pressure absorber in which absorption liquid is sprayed on the heat transfer pipe And a high-pressure absorber in which the absorption liquid accumulated in the low-pressure absorber is sprayed on the heat transfer tube, via the heat transfer tube in the high-pressure evaporator and the heat transfer tube in the low-pressure evaporator The first bypass pipe is connected to the brine pipe thus piped so that part or all of the brine can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure evaporator, and the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber and the heat transfer pipe in the low-pressure absorber are connected. An absorption refrigeration machine characterized in that a second bypass pipe is connected to a cooling water pipe routed through a heat pipe so that part or all of the cooling water can bypass the heat transfer pipe in the high-pressure absorber. .

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