JP2006136953A - Minimum quantity lubrication cutting tool, device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) cutting tool, device and method capable of reducing the cutting oil quantity to one/several of the present one without reducing the cutting performance for the environmental protection and the cost reduction for cutting oil disposal. <P>SOLUTION: This MOL cutting tool feeds oil mist to a cutting part where a workpiece and the cutting edge of the cutting tool are abutted on each other to cool and lubricate the cutting part and is characterized in feeding the oil mist from the direction in parallel to a flank toward the cutting edge. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a minimum amount lubrication cutting tool, a minimum amount lubrication cutting device, and a minimum amount lubrication cutting method.

  In recent years, cutting using a minimum amount of cutting oil, so-called minimum amount lubrication (hereinafter referred to as MQL) cutting, is becoming widespread in order to protect the environment and reduce waste oil treatment costs, and to extend the life of the tool. Non-patent document 1 and Non-patent document 2). Normally, in MQL cutting, lubrication of the cutting edge of the work material and the cutting tool is performed by spraying a small amount of biodegradable cutting oil of several milliliters to several tens of milliliters per hour together with compressed air as oil mist to the cutting point. Cool down.

  By the way, in MQL cutting, oil mist usually acts on the rake face and flank face of the tool to reduce tool wear. In general, the method of supplying oil mist is roughly divided into an internal oil supply method in which oil mist is supplied to the blade tip through an oil hole provided in the tool body and an external oil supply method in which oil mist is blown directly onto the tool from the outside.

  However, in the case of the external lubrication method, it is difficult to install the nozzle in the vicinity of the blade edge, so oil mist is ejected over a relatively wide area, and there are many oil mists that are sprayed on the surface of the workpiece and chips, and efficiency Oil mist cannot often be fed to the cutting edge of a cutting tool. In particular, when drilling with a drill, oil droplets adhere to the wall or chip of the hole before the oil mist reaches the cutting edge cutting at the bottom of the hole. Furthermore, since the tool flank is on the back side of the blade, it is considered that the amount of oil mist reached further decreases.

  On the other hand, in the internal lubrication method, in the case of a cutting tool, oil mist can be ejected directly from the oil hole to the vicinity of the cutting edge of the rake face and flank face, but the direction of oil mist ejection cannot be reduced. There is a lot of waste of oil mist. In addition, in the case of drills, grooving / parting tools, or end mills where MQL cutting is particularly effective, the oil mist sprayed from the oil holes on the flank surface will be sprayed onto the finished surface facing the flank surface. Oil droplets cannot be sent well to the cutting edge.

In addition, even a small amount of cutting oil used in conventional MQL cutting tools has a large effect on the factory environment, and it is desired to further reduce the amount of cutting oil used and to reduce costs for environmental protection and waste oil treatment. . Normally, oil mist is ejected toward the rake face and / or flank face of the tool. However, since the tool and the chip come into contact with each other on the rake face and a very high normal stress acts between them, it is considered difficult for the cutting oil to enter the cutting edge. For this reason, it is important to control the flow of oil mist on the tool flank in order to send oil droplets to the cutting edge without waste. Normally, a narrow wedge-shaped space of about 5 degrees is formed between the flank and finished surface of the tool. When oil mist is ejected and supplied from the tool clearance surface into this narrow gap, many of the oil droplets adhere to the finished surface.
Innovation in cutting! MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) processing method <URL: https://www.horkos.co.jp/english/machine/mql/index.html> Semi-dry (MQL) processing Fuji BC Giken Co., Ltd. <URL: https://www.fuji-bc.com/bluebe/index.html>

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an MQL cutting tool capable of reducing the amount of cutting oil to a fraction of the present without almost reducing the cutting performance in order to reduce costs for environmental protection and cutting oil treatment. Another object of the present invention is to provide a minimum amount lubricating cutting apparatus and a minimum amount lubricating cutting method.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the MQL cutting tool of the present invention is an MQL cutting tool that supplies oil mist to a cutting part where a work material and a cutting edge of the cutting tool come into contact to cool and lubricate the cutting part. And an oil mist supply section for supplying oil mist from the direction parallel to the flank face toward the cutting edge.

  In the present invention, the “cutting tool” refers to a tool used for performing various cutting processes such as turning, drilling, grooving, parting off, and milling such as a cutting tool, a drill, an end mill, and a milling cutter.

  This MQL cutting tool is an MQL cutting tool that supplies oil mist from an oil mist supply section to a cutting section where the work material and the cutting edge of the cutting tool come into contact to cool and lubricate the cutting section. By supplying oil mist from the direction parallel to the surface toward the cutting edge, sufficient cutting can be performed even if the current amount of cutting oil is reduced to a fraction.

  The MQL cutting tool includes an oil mist supply channel drilled in the tool body, an oil mist injection hole that is open on the flank side of the tool body and communicates with the oil mist supply channel. The oil mist flow direction is arranged at the tip opening of the oil mist ejection hole so that the oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole is supplied toward the cutting edge in a direction parallel to the flank. And a flow adjusting unit that regulates the pressure.

  In this MQL cutting tool, the flow adjusting unit supplies the oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole toward the cutting edge in a direction parallel to the flank, and a current fraction of the cutting oil amount However, sufficient cutting can be performed.

  Furthermore, the MQL cutting device of the present invention includes a tool mounting portion on which the MQL cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is mounted, and an oil mist supply channel of a tool main body of the MQL cutting tool. An oil mist supply unit that supplies oil mist is provided.

  In this MQL cutting apparatus, the oil mist is supplied from the oil mist supply section to the oil mist supply flow path of the tool body of the MQL cutting tool mounted on the tool mounting section, so that the MQL tool flank faces the flank of the MQL tool. Since oil mist is supplied from the parallel direction toward the cutting edge, sufficient cutting can be performed with a current amount of cutting oil.

  Furthermore, the MQL cutting method of the present invention is an MQL cutting method for cooling and lubricating the cutting portion by supplying oil mist to the cutting portion where the work material and the cutting edge of the cutting tool abut. Cutting is performed while supplying oil mist from the direction parallel to the flank of the tool toward the cutting edge.

  In this MQL cutting method, oil mist is supplied from the direction parallel to the flank of the cutting tool toward the cutting edge where the work material and the cutting edge of the cutting tool come into contact with each other. Even with a cutting oil amount of a fraction, sufficient cutting can be performed.

  The MQL cutting tool of the present invention adheres to the surface of the work material, chips, or a tool slightly away from the cutting edge before reaching the cutting edge, so that oil that has not been used effectively is parallel to the flank. By supplying oil mist from the blade to the cutting edge, the oil mist can be efficiently reached near the cutting edge without almost spraying the finished work material surface, so that the cutting performance is hardly reduced. The amount of cutting oil can be further reduced, and at least the cutting oil can be reduced to a fraction of the usual amount. Therefore, if the MQL cutting tool of the present invention is used, cost reduction for environmental protection and waste oil treatment can be achieved. Moreover, when the same amount of cutting oil as that in the conventional MQL cutting is supplied, the wear of the tool is reduced and the cutting performance is improved.

  In addition, the MQL cutting device of the present invention further improves the cutting performance as compared with the conventional cutting device, and can perform sufficient cutting with a small amount of cutting oil, thereby reducing the cost required for environmental protection and waste oil treatment. Reduction can be achieved. In particular, the energy required for oil supply is reduced, and in addition, tool wear, specifically flank wear, corner wear, and boundary wear, is reduced. Significant cost reductions can be achieved by reducing time and troubles due to improved reliability.

  Furthermore, according to the MQL cutting method of the present invention, the finished work material is obtained by supplying oil as oil mist from the direction parallel to the flank to the cutting edge using the MQL cutting tool of the present invention. The oil mist can be efficiently reached near the cutting edge with almost no spraying on the surface, so the amount of cutting oil is further reduced without substantially reducing the cutting performance, and at least the cutting oil is reduced to a fraction of the normal level. Can be made. Therefore, cost reduction for environmental protection and waste oil treatment can be achieved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. FIG. 1A is an exploded perspective view of a grooving tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a plan view showing an outline of the grooving tool, and FIG. 2 illustrates cutting by the grooving tool. FIG.

  A grooving cutting tool 1 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is formed in a tool body 2, a cutting edge (tip) 3 provided at the tip of the tool body 2, and the inside of the tool body 2. The oil mist supply flow path 4 (see FIG. 2), the oil mist ejection hole 6 opened on the flank 5 side of the tool body 1, and the flow adjusting portion 7 for regulating the flow direction of the oil mist are provided.

  The oil mist supply channel 4 is a channel through which oil mist supplied by an oil supply device (not shown) connected to the grooving cutting tool 1 flows. In the oil mist supply channel 4, the oil mist is supplied from the oil supply device as oil droplets having a size of about 0.2 to 20 μm, usually by compressed air having a pressure of about 0.2 to 0.7 MPa. Is done. The amount of oil mist supplied from the oil mist ejection hole 6 is 1 to 100 ml / h.

  The oil mist ejection hole 6 is an outlet that communicates with the oil mist supply channel 4 and ejects the oil mist supplied through the oil mist supply channel 4 (see FIG. 2) from the tool body 2. The opening shape and opening diameter of the oil mist ejection hole 6 are appropriately selected depending on the type of tool, the size of the tool, and the like. For example, in the case of the grooving cutting tool of FIGS. 1 and 2, the opening shape is an ellipse, and the minor axis of the opening diameter is about 2 mm.

  Furthermore, the flow adjusting unit 7 is disposed at the tip opening of the oil mist ejection hole 6 so that the oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole is supplied toward the cutting edge in a direction parallel to the flank. It has a role to regulate the flow direction of oil mist.

  The flow adjusting unit 7 includes a primary guide plate 7a that regulates the width direction of the flow of oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole 6, and a secondary guide plate 7b that regulates the longitudinal direction of the flow of oil mist. Composed. The primary guide plate is provided in the oil mist ejection hole 6 and includes bifurcated tip portions 7a1 and 7a2 that regulate the width direction of the oil mist flow. The oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole 6 by the flow adjusting portion 7 is parallel to the flank 5, at least in a direction of 5 to −10 degrees with respect to the flank 5, It is supplied toward the cutting part which is the contact part of the work material W.

  When cutting the workpiece W using the grooving cutting tool 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the cutting edge 3 of the grooving cutting tool 1 comes into contact with the workpiece W and is cut by the rake face 8. The chips 9 are cut from the work material W. At this time, the flank 5 opposite to the rake face 8 is separated from the work material W by a predetermined flank angle α (usually about 5 degrees). At this time, the oil mist OM supplied from the oil mist supply channel 4 and ejected from the oil mist ejection hole 6 is applied to the flank 5 by the flow adjusting portion 7 (primary guide plate 7a, secondary guide plate 7b). The flow direction A is regulated to an angle that is parallel to the blade and is supplied to the cutting edge (the cutting portion where the workpiece W and the cutting edge 5 of the cutting tool abut). Thereby, it is possible to efficiently reach the vicinity of the cutting edge without substantially reducing the cutting performance and hardly spraying oil on the finished work material surface. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cutting oil to at least a usual fraction with a smaller amount of cutting oil by effectively using the oil. Further, when the conventional amount of cutting oil is used, tool wear is reduced and cutting performance is improved.

  In the above embodiment, the MQL cutting tool of the present invention has been described by taking the cutting tool as a grooving cutting tool as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and various types of cutting tools, drills, end mills, milling machines, etc. It is applicable to other cutting tools. Further, in a cutting tool in which the cutting edge (tip) 3 can be replaced, that is, a throw-away type cutting tool, the tool body 2 includes an oil mist supply channel 4 and an oil mist ejection hole 6 and is used. Accordingly, the flow adjusting unit 7 can be replaced, and the cutting edge 3 and the flow adjusting unit 7 can be optimally combined to cope with various cutting methods.

Next, a turning tool 31 shown in FIG. 3 will be described as another embodiment of the MQL cutting tool of the present invention.
The cutting tool 31 includes a tool main body 32, a tip holding part 40 provided at the tip of the tool main body 32, a cutting edge (tip) 33 provided at the tip of the tip holding part 40, and an oil mist ejection hole 36. And a flow adjusting part 37 that regulates the flow direction B of the oil mist OM ejected from the mist in a direction parallel to the flank 35 of the cutting edge 33.

  In this cutting tool 31, the oil mist OM ejected from the oil mist ejection hole 36 is regulated by the flow adjusting portion 37 so that the flow direction B is parallel to the flank 35 of the cutting edge 33. The flow direction B is regulated at an angle parallel to the flank 35 of the 31 and supplied to the cutting edge (the cutting portion where the work material and the cutting edge 35 of the cutting tool 31 abut). Thereby, it is possible to efficiently reach the vicinity of the cutting edge without substantially reducing the cutting performance and hardly spraying oil on the finished work material surface. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cutting oil to at least a usual fraction with a smaller amount of cutting oil by effectively using the oil. Further, when the conventional amount of cutting oil is used, tool wear is reduced and cutting performance is improved.

Next, FIG. 4 shows the tip of a drill 41 for drilling as another embodiment of the MQL cutting tool of the present invention.
The drill 41 includes a tool body 42, cutting edges (tips) 43a and 43b at the tips of the tool body 42, and flow directions C1 and C2 of the oil mists OM1 and OM2 ejected from the oil mist ejection holes 46a and 46b. The flow adjustment parts 47a and 47b which regulate in the direction parallel to the flank faces 45a and 45b of the blade edges 43a and 43b are provided.

  In this drill 41, the oil mists OM1 and OM2 ejected from the oil mist ejection holes 46a and 46b are caused to flow into the flank surfaces 45a and 45b of the cutting edges 43a and 43b by the flow adjusting portions 47a and 47b. The oil mists OM1 and OM2 are regulated in parallel directions, and the flow directions C1 and C2 are regulated at angles parallel to the clearance surfaces 45a and 45b of the cutting edges 43a and 43b, respectively. Of the cutting edges 43a and 43b are in contact with each other. Thereby, it is possible to efficiently reach the vicinity of the cutting edge without substantially reducing the cutting performance and hardly spraying oil on the finished work material surface. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cutting oil to at least a usual fraction with a smaller amount of cutting oil by effectively using the oil. Further, when the conventional amount of cutting oil is used, the wear of the tool is reduced and the drilling performance is improved.

In the MQL cutting tool of the present invention, the flow adjusting unit that regulates the flow direction of the oil mist can be variously modified. For example, when the flow of the ejected oil mist is substantially parallel to the flank, the secondary guide plate 7b shown in FIG. 2 is not installed, and the spread of the oil mist flow is suppressed only by the primary guide plate 7a, You may make it install the semi-opening type flow path which guide | induces oil mist from the flank of a cutting tool to the back of the wedge of a finishing surface.
In addition, when there is not enough space to install the oil mist supply channel on the flank, a groove for flowing oil mist may be provided on the tool flank.
Furthermore, the primary guide plate and the secondary guide plate may not be flat plates. What has moderate intensity | strength and flexibility which can be installed along a curved surface is good.

  The MQL cutting tool of the present invention constitutes an MQL cutting device including a tool mounting portion for mounting the tool and an oil mist supply portion for supplying oil mist to an oil mist supply flow path of a tool body of the MQL cutting tool. be able to.

  In this MQL cutting apparatus, the oil mist is supplied from the oil mist supply section to the oil mist supply flow path of the tool body of the MQL cutting tool mounted on the tool mounting section, so that the MQL tool flank faces the flank of the MQL tool. Since oil mist is supplied from the parallel direction toward the cutting edge, sufficient cutting can be performed with a current amount of cutting oil.

  Furthermore, in the MQL cutting method of the present invention, the MQL cutting tool is used to supply oil mist to the cutting portion where the work material and the cutting edge of the cutting tool come into contact to cool and lubricate the cutting portion. In this case, the cutting is performed while supplying oil mist from the direction parallel to the flank of the MQL cutting tool toward the cutting edge.

  In this MQL cutting method, oil mist is supplied from the direction parallel to the flank of the cutting tool toward the cutting edge where the work material and the cutting edge of the cutting tool come into contact with each other. Even with a cutting oil amount of a fraction, sufficient cutting can be performed.

  In the MQL cutting tool of the present invention, the flow direction of the oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole and regulated in the flow direction by the flow adjusting unit can be confirmed by numerical fluid analysis. That is, by applying the CAE-assisted design to the flow path design, in order to obtain the optimal oil mist flow direction, the movement of the cutting tool, the movement of the work material, the shape of the tool edge, the tool diameter, the cutting, According to the feed, cutting speed, oil mist jet pressure, etc., the oil mist injection hole drilling position, shape and size, and the shape, arrangement position, flow branching, etc. of the flow adjusting part can be appropriately designed. it can.

  Next, examples in which the effects of the present invention have been confirmed will be described.

Example 1
Compressed air supplying a cutting speed of 4.0 m / s, a feed of 0.12 mm / rev, and an oil mist using the grooving tool having the coated carbide P35 tip shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) The round bar (work material S45C) was cut with the pressure of 0.5 MPa and the amount of the cutting oil jetted down from 7 ml / h to 2.4 ml / h. As a result, in both the flank wear (FIG. 5A) and the corner wear (FIG. 5B), there was almost no influence of cutting oil reduction, and a good cutting effect was obtained. However, in 0.5 MPa (7 ml / h) in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the flow of oil mist is not controlled at a cutting oil consumption of 7 ml / h. 5 MPa (2.4 ml / h) in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the cutting oil consumption is 2.4 ml / h, and the flow of oil mist is not controlled. On the other hand, 0.5 MPa (center, 2.4 ml / h) in FIGS. 5A and 5B is a case where the flow of the oil mist is controlled at a cutting oil consumption of 2.4 ml / h. .

(Example 2)
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, when the supply amount of oil mist is fixed at 7 ml / h, the flank wear is suppressed by about 20%, and when the tool life is 0.2 mm in the flank wear width, the tool life is It is expected to extend 30% or more. However, MQL (normal) in FIG. 6 does not control the flow of oil mist. On the other hand, MQL (center) in FIG. 6 controls the flow of oil mist. Also, MQL (corner) in FIG. 6 controls the flow of oil mist, but is an example of poor channel setting. Cutting conditions are carbide P25, cutting speed 3.0 m / s, feed 0.25 mm / rev, cutting oil consumption 7 ml / h, and compressed air pressure 0.5 MPa.

(Example 2, Comparative Example 1)
Groove cutting tool with structure shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) (example in which oil jet direction is one direction: Example 2), Groove cutting tool with structure shown in FIG. 7 (oil mist supply flow) An example in which the jetting holes 76a and 76b from the flow adjustment portions 74a and 74b and the oil mist flow adjusting portion are divided into two directions with respect to the blade edge 73: Comparative Example 1), between the clearance surface and the finished surface FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B show the results of the numerical fluid analysis simulation of the oil mist flow in the wedge-shaped space. Here, FIG. 8B corresponds to the MQL (corner) flow of FIG.

  Comparing the results shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, in Example 2, the flow of oil mist shows a better state of oil mist than in the case of Comparative Example 1, In Example 2, it turns out that a cutting state is improved rather than a comparative example.

(A) is a disassembled perspective view of the grooving tool concerning embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view which shows the outline of the grooving cutting tool. It is a conceptual diagram explaining cutting with a grooving tool. It is a perspective view of the cutting tool concerning other embodiments of the MQL cutting tool of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the front-end | tip of the drill which concerns on other embodiment of the MQL cutting tool of this invention. (A) is a figure which shows the flank wear of a coated carbide grooving tool, (b) is a figure which shows the measurement result of corner wear. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the flank wear of a cemented carbide grooving tool. It is a figure which shows the example which the oil mist ejection direction of a grooving tool divides into two directions with respect to a blade edge | tip. (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the result of having simulated the flow direction of the oil mist in a grooving cutting tool, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cutting tool 2 Tool main body 3 Cutting edge 4 Oil mist supply flow path 5 Relief face 6 Oil mist ejection hole 7 Flow control part 8 Rake face OM Oil mist W Work material

Claims (8)

A minimum amount lubricated cutting tool that supplies oil mist to a cutting portion where the work material and the cutting edge of the cutting tool come into contact to cool and lubricate the cutting portion,
A minimum amount lubricated cutting tool comprising an oil mist supply section for supplying oil mist from a direction parallel to the flank face toward the cutting edge.   An oil mist supply passage drilled in the tool body, an oil mist ejection hole opened on the flank side of the tool body and communicated with the oil mist supply passage, and a tip of the oil mist ejection hole A flow adjusting portion that is disposed in the opening and regulates the flow direction of the oil mist so that the oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole is supplied toward the blade edge in a direction parallel to the flank; A minimum amount lubricated cutting tool comprising:   The oil mist ejected from the oil mist ejection hole is supplied toward the cutting portion in a direction of 5 to -10 degrees with respect to the flank. Minimum amount lubricated cutting tool.   The minimum quantity lubricated cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an oil mist injection hole on each of the rake face side and the flank face side.   The minimum quantity lubricated cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an oil mist supply amount from the oil mist ejection hole is 0.1 to 100 ml / h.   The minimum amount lubricated cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tool body is a cutting tool, a drill, an end mill, or a milling cutter.   Oil for supplying oil mist to a tool mounting portion for mounting the minimum amount lubricated cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and an oil mist supply channel of a tool body of the minimum amount lubricated cutting tool. A minimum quantity lubricated cutting device comprising a mist supply unit. A minimum amount lubrication cutting method for supplying oil mist to a cutting portion where a work material and a cutting edge of a cutting tool come into contact to cool and lubricate the cutting portion,
The minimum amount lubrication cutting method characterized by performing cutting, supplying oil mist toward the blade edge from the direction parallel to the flank of the cutting tool.

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