JP2006057324A - Braille block for people with visual imparement - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a braille block which is improved in adhesive strength between a plane main body of a braille block for people with visual imparement and protrusions formed thereon to each other, recognizability by dips and bumps formed on a surface thereof, and visibility caused by the difference in luminance, and enhanced in abrasion resistance and elastic modulus of the projections, and various physical properties inclusive of anti-skid properties. <P>SOLUTION: The braille block is molded by using an injection molding machine which can mold different materials into a product, and has an injection head having a clamping pressure of 200 to 400 t, a main machine shot capacity of 400 to 600 cc, and a sub-machine shot capacity of 100 to 200 cc, an L/D ratio of 20 to 30, and a compression ratio of 2.5 to 3.5. To produce the braille block, a thermoplastic polyurethane compound having a black pigment mixed therein, is injected to a dot protrusion forming mold, and the mold is slid, followed by injecting an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer compound having a yellow pigment mixed therein, to a plane main body forming mold. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention relates to a visually impaired person guiding block. More specifically, the present invention relates to a visually impaired person including a weakly sighted person who enhances the unity between a planar main body part and a protrusion constituting the visually impaired person guiding block. Further, the present invention relates to a visually-impaired person guide block with improved visibility by the elderly.
The term “visually impaired person” as used in the present invention should be interpreted in a broad sense including the weak and the weak.

Definition of Terms Regarding so-called visually-impaired person guidance blocks, JIS T 9251 was established on September 20, 2001, "Shape / dimension and arrangement of protrusions such as visually-impaired person guidance blocks".

  In addition, on November 29, 2001, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism formulated “Guidelines for the Improvement of Road Movement Smoothing (Basic)”. The guideline defines “a visually impaired person guidance block” as “a block that is laid on the road surface for warning or alerting the guidance or presence of a step to the visually impaired person”. Therefore, the definition is also adopted in the present invention.

  Conventionally, depending on a person skilled in the art, a linear protrusion is formed on a block to notify a visually impaired person of the possibility of danger ahead or the need to change the walking direction or to guide the walking direction. Is called a block for guidance, and a point-like projection is formed on the block to alert visually impaired people that it is a pedestrian crossing, The block indicating the position is called a warning block. However, the definition of the present invention includes both of them.

  Conventionally, those skilled in the art have arbitrarily used Braille tiles, Braille blocks, walking derivatives, guidance markers, guide rods, etc., for visually impaired persons, but the visually impaired person guidance blocks of the present invention have been conventionally used. These similar terms are included.

  1-4 describe the shape of the visually impaired person guidance block defined by the JIS. FIG. 1 is a front view of a visually-impaired person guide block 1 in which dot-like protrusions 3 are formed on a planar main body 2. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the visually-impaired person guide block 1 includes a square planar main body 2 having a length and width of 300 mm or more, and a dot-like projection 3 formed integrally on the surface thereof. It is configured. The dot protrusions 3 have an inner diameter a of 12 mm, an outer diameter b of (inner diameter a + 10) mm, a height c of 5 mm, and a center-to-center distance d between adjacent dot protrusions 3 of 55 to 60 mm, at least 25. It is defined that (5 × 5) is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the visually-impaired person guiding block 1 includes a square planar main body 2 having a length and width of 300 mm or more and a linear protrusion integrally formed on the surface thereof. It is composed of four. The linear protrusion 4 has a lower base width e of 27 mm, an upper base width f of 17 mm, an upper base length h of 270 mm or more, a lower base length i of an upper base length (h + 10) mm, and adjacent linear protrusions 4 The core-to-heart spacing j is defined as 75 mm and a minimum of four.

  Conventionally, the visually-impaired person guide block has been formed in a single yellow color, mainly because the planar main body 2, the dotted protrusions 3, and the linear protrusions 4 are mainly safe colors. The reason for this is that 15 JISs have been established for safety colors including surface color, colored light, and fluorescent color for the purpose of applying the functions of color and their psychological effects to disaster prevention. JIS Z9101, 9104, 9106). Among them, yellow (Munsell's display symbol 2.5Y8 / 13) is exemplified as a usage example such as “caution sign” as a display item indicating attention.

  By the way, as the action range of the visually impaired becomes wider, the blocks for guiding the visually impaired are not only the above-mentioned general road sidewalks, stations, platforms, but also underground streets, office buildings, schools, hospitals / clinics, museums.・ It is required to be laid in a wide range of places such as museums, theaters / halls, halls, hotels (lobbies, guest rooms, banquet halls), banks, stores, large-scale stores, shopping street promenades, sports facilities, parks, etc. It is actually being laid.

  In these places, lighting, lighting plans, and lighting designs are different. In addition, in recent years, materials to be laid on the floor are not only monotonic asphalt or concrete, but also various colored rubber, plastic, color interlocking blocks, color tiles, color elastic paving materials, A wide variety of flooring materials such as tuker, stone, and wood have been used alone or in combination.

  The visually impaired person's guide block identifies the punctate and linear protrusions on the surface of the guide block with the sole of the foot or the tip of a white cane. The direction of travel and dangerous parts are recognized by visually recognizing the color of the guide block itself and the color around the laying site.

  Therefore, as described above, the lighting degree, the lighting plan, and the lighting design are different, and furthermore, the planar main body portion and the protrusions are mainly formed in a single yellow color on the road surface or the floor surface with various materials and colors. When the visually impaired person guiding block is laid, a defect occurs that it is difficult or impossible for a visually impaired person to visually recognize the contrast between the visually impaired person guiding block and the surrounding color.

  In order to eliminate the defect, a method has been proposed in which the color tone of the planar main body and the protrusion of the visually impaired person guidance block is changed so that the visually impaired can easily recognize and identify the visually impaired person.

  For example, Japanese Patent No. 3422750 outlines, “In the present invention, the color difference between the planar main body and the protrusion of the multicolor Braille tile and the Braille block or the walking derivative is represented by the difference in luminance, that is, the luminance ratio. It is preferable that the luminance ratio of the main body, the cap portion, and the protrusion is 1.5 to 2.5 ".

  However, the invention described in Japanese Patent No. 3422750 does not give information and knowledge that have been studied in earnest and concretely from color or color vision in determining the difference in color tone between the planar main body and the protrusion. .

  Furthermore, in the invention described in Japanese Patent No. 3422750, it is described that SBR or EPDM is preferable as the material for the planar body, and polyphenylene ether is preferable as the material for the protrusions. However, this has a very narrow combination of the planar body material and the projection material, and there is room for improvement in workability, moldability, and the like.

  Furthermore, in the invention described in Japanese Patent No. 3422750, a protrusion is provided with a recess, and the recess is fitted with polyphenylene ether having a hardness higher than that of the planar main body, that is, a part of the protrusion is planar. The main body, color and material have been changed. Therefore, there is an improvement in that the visibility and discrimination by a low vision person are small.

  When the flat main body and the linear protrusions or dot protrusions are molded with the same material and in a single yellow color as in the past, the molding can be easily performed, but the flat main body and the linear protrusions or dot protrusions can be formed. When molding with different materials and different colors, a device is required for a combination of materials, a processing method, and the like.

Japanese Patent No. 3422750

  The first problem to be solved by the invention is that for visually handicapped persons, the protrusion on the surface of the guide block is identified by the sole of the foot or the tip of the white cane. Another object of the present invention is to provide a visually-impaired person guidance block that can visually recognize the direction of travel and a dangerous place by visually recognizing the color of the guidance block itself and the color around the laying site.

  The second problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the wear resistance of the protrusions formed on the visually impaired person guiding block.

  The third problem to be solved by the invention is to select a block for guiding the visually handicapped person by selecting a combination of materials that firmly adhere to the projection and the flat main body without subjecting the projection to the planar body, thereby guiding the visually handicapped person. It is to improve the workability of the block.

  The fourth problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the weather resistance (discoloration resistance) of the visually impaired person guiding block.

  The fifth problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the moldability of the visually impaired person guiding block.

  In order to solve the above problems, first, the basic physical properties and functions required for the visually impaired person guidance block will be considered. The physical properties and functions required for the projections of the visually impaired person guiding block are, firstly, excellent wear resistance.

  The shape of the protrusion defined by the JIS was smaller than the conventional shape before the JIS was defined, and the pitch was increased. Therefore, the discrimination ability for visually handicapped persons is improved, but on the other hand, there is a drawback that the load per unit area by walking is large and it is easy to catch. For this reason, further improvement in wear resistance is required as compared with the shape of the conventional protrusion.

  Next, the physical property required for the visually impaired person guiding block is that the protrusion and the planar main body are firmly bonded without bonding. Since the thickness of the planar main body is usually about 2 mm, it is difficult in processing to provide a locking portion for locking the protrusion. Therefore, it is necessary to select two types of material systems that adhere firmly by co-molding the protrusion and the planar body.

  Furthermore, the physical properties and functions required for the projections of the visually impaired person guiding block are that the elastic modulus is high and it is difficult to slip. Although both of these properties are contradictory, the protrusions are defined to be small according to the above JIS regulations, so it is essential that the entire protrusions be made of a material different from that of the planar body. As in Japanese Patent No. 3422750, the visibility and discrimination by a low vision person are partially small. In order to maintain the discriminability for the visually impaired, it is necessary to reduce deformation due to compression and shear caused by the human sole.

  In consideration of the above points, a thermoplastic elastomer was formulated as a material for the planar main body of the visually impaired guide block.

  Thermoplastic elastomers (hereinafter abbreviated as “TPE”) have the same properties as vulcanized rubber at room temperature and are characterized by elasticity. At high temperatures, the same as conventional thermoplastic resins, It is a material that can be used and molded. TPE has an elastic rubber component (soft segment or soft phase) in the molecule and a molecular restraint component (Her (soft segment or soft phase) to prevent plastic deformation. Hard segment and soft segment A wide variety of TPEs are produced by combining the degree of vulcanization, type, molecular weight, and arrangement.

  The biggest feature of TPE is that it can be processed with a normal thermoplastic resin molding machine, the molding cycle is short, scrap can be recycled, and unlike rubber, there are mastication and vulcanization processes. It is not necessary and can contribute to resource saving, energy saving and work environment improvement.

  As TPE used in the present invention, styrene (styrene block, copolymer, SBC), olefin (TPO), urethane (TPU), polyester (TPEE), polyamide (TPAE), 1,2- There are polybutadiene type, vinyl chloride type (TPVC), fluorine type, ionomer resin, chlorinated polyethylene, silicone type and the like.

  The styrenic TPE used in the present invention generally has a polystyrene block and a rubber intermediate block, and the polystyrene portion forms a mechanical crosslink (domain) to serve as a bridging point, and the intermediate rubber block is elastic to the product. give.

  There are three types of soft segments in the middle: polybutadiene (B), polyisoprene (I), and polyolefin (ethylene butylene, EB). Depending on the arrangement state of the hard segment with polystyrene (S), it is divided into linear (linear type) and radial (radical type), respectively, S-B-S, S-I-S, S-EB-S, (SB) It is abbreviated as nX.

  These styrene TPEs are available from S-B-S from Asahi Kasei, Shell Japan, Nippon Synthetic Rubber, Electrochemistry, Nippon Elastomer and the like. S-I-S is available from Shell Japan, Nippon Synthetic Rubber, Nippon Zeon, and the like. SBS compounds are available from Aronkasei. S-EB-S is available from Asahi Kasei and Shell Japan. S-EB-S compounds are available from Aron Kasei, Mitsubishi Yuka, Sumitomo Chemical and others.

  The styrenic TPE used in the present invention does not require the kneading process and the vulcanization process, which are common to TPE as described above, and is soluble in a wide range of solvents, has a high dissolution rate, and has a solution viscosity. Is low and can be processed in a solution state in the same manner as a normal thermoplastic resin. It can also be used as a compound to which a compounding agent is added. In addition, process oil, various fillers, and resin processing aids such as polystyrene can be added to styrene TPE to improve fluidity and physical properties. Chemical crosslinking can also be performed with sulfur or peroxide.

  The styrene TPE used in the present invention has high strength, high elasticity, and low temperature characteristics, and is excellent in acid resistance and alkali resistance. In particular, S-EB-S is a block copolymer based on S-EB-S that has no residual double bonds after hydrogenation of the intermediate polybutadiene block portion to saturate. Since the weather resistance and heat resistance which had a limit are improved, it is especially preferable.

  The olefinic TPE used in the present invention is a blend in which a thermoplastic crystalline polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene is used for the hard segment, and rubber that has been completely or partially vulcanized is used for the soft segment.

  The olefinic TPE preferably used in the present invention is a blend of 10 to 90 parts by mass of thermoplastic crystalline polyolefin and 90 to 10 parts by mass of completely or partially vulcanized rubber. The thermoplastic crystalline polyolefin in this case is a homopolymer of α-olefins having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or two or more copolymers. In particular, polyethylene or polypropylene is preferable. Soft segment components are butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, EPDM, EPR rubber, acrylonitrile / butadiene rubber, NBR, natural rubber, and the like. And a blend using fully or partially vulcanized rubber.

  The olefinic TPE particularly preferably used in the present invention is a polymer alloy composed of 10 to 90 parts by mass of polypropylene and 90 to 10 parts by mass of completely or partially phenol-vulcanized EPDM particles. The reason for this is that the compatibility between polypropylene and EPDM is particularly good, so that one polymer is dispersed in the other polymer by mechanical kneading and is dispersed microscopically and uniformly. This is because separation does not occur and weather resistance is particularly improved.

  As described above, the olefinic TPE used in the present invention does not require the kneading step and the vulcanization step, which are properties common to TPE, and has a light specific gravity of about 0.9. It has good cold resistance and can be used in a wide temperature range from -60 ° C to 150 ° C. There is no double bond in the main chain, and it has excellent heat resistance and weather resistance. Features such as low temperature sensitivity of melt viscosity and high viscosity during processing.

  These olefinic TPEs are available from Sumitomo Chemical, Mitsui Petrochemical, Nippon Synthetic Rubber, Mitsubishi Petrochemical, Nippon Petrochemical, Tonen Chemical, Monsanto, Advanced Elastomer Systems LP.

  In particular, an olefinic TPE that is particularly preferably used in the present invention is a trade name “Santoprene Textile Bondable TPV (TBTPV)” manufactured and sold by AES Japan Corporation. This is a hardness (durometer A) of 85, specific gravity of 0.90, tensile strength (MPa) of 11.0, elongation (%) of 700, 100% modulus (MPa) of 3.0, compression set (23 ° C. × 22 h%) is 32, tear strength (N / mm) is 45.5, and adhesion (VS TPU, N / mm) is 7.2.

  There are two types of urethane-based TPE used in the present invention: an incomplete thermoplastic type having partial cross-linking in the molecule, and a complete thermoplastic type that is a completely linear polymer. The incomplete thermoplastic type is limited in rework, but is excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and the like.

  Usually, an incomplete thermoplastic urethane type TPE has a high melting temperature, unstable solution viscosity, and good compression set and permanent elongation. On the other hand, the complete thermoplastic type urethane TPE is characterized by a low melting temperature, good solution viscosity stability, and large compression set and permanent elongation. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use incomplete thermoplastic type urethane-based TPE.

  The urethane-based TPE used in the present invention is (1) a caprolactone type obtained by addition polymerization of polyisocyanate in the presence of a short-chain polyol to a polylactone ester polyol obtained by ring-opening caprolactone, and (2) adipine. Adipic acid ester polyol of acid and glycol, adipic acid type (adipate type) obtained by addition polymerization of polyisocyanate in the presence of short-chain polyol, (3) polytetramethylene glycol obtained by ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran ( PTMG) is broadly classified into three types, PTMG type (ether type) obtained by addition polymerization of polyisocyanate in the presence of a short-chain polyol.

  These urethane-based TPEs are Asahi Glass, Kyowa Hakko, Kuraray, Sanyo Kasei, Sumitomo Bayer Urethane, Dainichi Seika, Dow Chemical, Nippon Mylactone, Nippon Polyurethane, Dainippon Ink Chemical, Takeda, Toyobo, Nisshinbo, Hokushin Chemical Etc. are available.

  The urethane-based TPE used in the present invention does not require the kneading process and the vulcanization process, which are common properties of the TPE as described above, and is excellent in wear resistance and rich in flexibility and impact resilience. High mechanical strength, excellent oil resistance, gasoline resistance, excellent low temperature characteristics, good weather resistance, ozone resistance, great silencing effect, anti-vibration effect, It has physical properties such as good thermal stability and recyclability.

  The polyester TPE used in the present invention is made of an amorphous polyester having a high melting point and a high crystallinity in the hard segment, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and a soft transition and an amorphous polycrystal having a glass transition temperature of −70 ° C. Multi-block polymers using ethers such as polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG).

  The polyester TPE used in the present invention has characteristics that can be used in the widest temperature range from high temperature to low temperature among TPE. High load resistance, high bending fatigue resistance, excellent oil and chemical resistance, and excellent moldability.

  These polyester-based TPEs are available from Toyobo, Toray DuPont, Dainippon Ink Chemical, Japan Easy Plastics and others.

  A typical polyamide-based TPE used in the present invention is a block copolymer having nylon as a hard segment and polyester or polyol as a soft segment.

  The polyamide-based TPE used in the present invention has the moldability, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and wear resistance characteristics of nylon resin, as well as the flexibility, impact resistance, and low temperature characteristics of rubber. Yes. Compared with urethane TPE and polyester TPE, polyamide-based TPE has features such as low specific gravity, good moldability, gasoline and aromatic oils, but water resistance, strong acid resistance, and alkali resistance are polyester-based TPE. Inferior.

  These polyamide-based TPEs are available from Ube Industries, Daicel Huls, Toray, Mitsubishi Kasei, Dainippon Ink Chemicals, and others.

  The 1,2-polybutadiene TPE used in the present invention is a low crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene (trade name JSRRB) developed by Nippon Synthetic Rubber, which has a 1,2-bond of 90% or more and a molecular weight of several hundred thousand. And the crystallinity is 15 to 35%. Depending on crystallinity, there are RB805, RB810, RB820, RB830, and RB840 grades.

  Polybutadiene is obtained by polymerizing butadiene, but is divided into 1,4-polybutadiene and 1,2-polybutadiene by the combination of butadiene, and 1,4-polybutadiene is cis 1,4-polybutadiene depending on its three-dimensional structure. And trans 1,4-polybutadiene. As general-purpose rubber, there are so-called high cis polybutadiene containing 90% or more of cis 1,4-polybutadiene and so-called low cis polybutadiene containing about 35% of cis 1,4-polybutadiene. In the present invention, high-cis polybutadiene is more preferred.

  The PVC-based TPE used in the present invention is currently manufactured by 11 companies. Improvement points include improvements in compression set and moldability.

  These PVC-based TPEs are available from Sumitomo Bakelite, Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl, Chisso, Toagosei, Shin-Etsu Polymer, Kaneka Chemical, Electrochemistry, Riken Vinyl, Nippon Zeon, Tosoh, Plus Tech, Mitsubishi Kasei, etc. .

  On the other hand, in formulating the projection material of the visually impaired person guide block, it has excellent wear resistance, can improve weather resistance (discoloration resistance), and the thermoplastic that is the material of the planar body. Considering that a two-color molding machine can easily be integrally molded without an adhesive treatment with an elastomer, it was decided to use thermoplastic polyurethane (hereinafter abbreviated as TPU).

  Since both TPU and TPE are thermoplastic, they can be easily formed integrally with a two-color molding machine. Moreover, weather resistance (discoloration resistance) can be improved by UV-treating a polyether-based TPU having excellent hydrolysis resistance. Furthermore, when a special Santoprene grade TBTPV (olefin type) is used for the planar body, it can be bonded to the TPU by two-color molding.

  Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is manufactured in a wide variety of grades. By using a TPU having a particularly high hardness, the abrasion resistance of the protrusions can be further improved.

Such a TPU has a hardness (durometer D) of 50 to 80, a 100% modulus (N / mm ² ) of 10 to 40, a tensile strength (N / mm ² ) of 40 to 70, and an elongation (%). Is 250 or more, tear strength (N / mm) is 100 to 200, and wear loss (Taber wear H22 wear wheel, mg) is preferably 60 or less. If each physical property of the TPU is out of these ranges, it is not preferable because the wear resistance of the protrusion cannot be remarkably improved.

An example of the TPU most preferably used in the present invention is the trade name “Elastollan 1198” manufactured and sold by BASF Japan Ltd. The hardness (durometer D) is 54, the 100% modulus (N / mm ² ) is 18, the tensile strength (N / mm ² ) is 50, the elongation (%) is 400, and the tear strength (N / mm ) Is 150, and wear loss (Taber wear H22 wear wheel, mg) is 40.

  In order to produce the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention, the thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic polyurethane described above are the main components, and various required additives are added and integrally molded by a predetermined injection molding machine. Additives added to thermoplastic elastomers or thermoplastic polyurethanes include carbonbon black, silica, titanium dioxide, various pigments, clay, zinc oxide, stearic acid, accelerators, vulcanizing agents, sulfur, stabilizers, and deterioration prevention. Examples include agents, processing aids, tackifiers, plasticizers, waxes, early vulcanization accelerators, extender oils and the like. These are appropriately selected and added as necessary. Carnbon black improves tensile strength and extender oil improves oil swell resistance, thermal stability, hysteresis, cost and permanent elongation of thermoplastic vulcanizates.

  In order to manufacture the block for guiding visually handicapped persons according to the present invention, an injection molding machine capable of molding different materials from the above-described thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic polyurethane as main components. To mold.

  Next, the contrast between the color of the road surface or floor on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid and the color of the planar body of the visually impaired person guidance block, and the contrast between the color of the planar body and the color of the protrusion. To explain.

  As described above, the visually-impaired person guidance block has a different lighting degree, illumination plan, and illumination design, and may be laid on a wide variety of road surfaces or floor surfaces of various materials and colors. Therefore, since the inconvenience may occur only by increasing the color contrast between the planar body of the visually impaired person guiding block and the protrusion, the color of the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guiding block is laid, The contrast with the color of the planar main body of the visually impaired person guidance block and the contrast between the color of the planar main body and the color of the protrusions must also be increased.

  Visual function is the ability to obtain an object's shape, size, distance, movement, color and other impressions through the eyes. Its main visual functions are visual acuity, depth perception, visual field, accommodation, and color vision. A visually impaired person is a person whose visual function is completely or extremely reduced. Amblyopia in the broad sense means general vision impairment that cannot be corrected with lenses, and in the narrow sense, it is defined as visual impairment that has no organic change or that cannot be explained. ing.

  When a sighted person visually recognizes the contrast of the color of the guiding block itself and the surrounding color of the laying site, visual functions such as visual acuity, depth perception, visual field, adjustment, and color vision are considered to work naturally and comprehensively. It is done. However, in the case of a low vision person, since these visual functions are impaired, it is difficult to visually recognize the contrast between the color of the guide block itself and the color around the laying site. For example, even if there is an obstacle in the visual acuity function, it is naturally considered that the contrast with the color of the guiding block itself and the color around the laying site may not be easily visible. In addition, even when there are obstacles in depth perception, visual field, and adjustment function, it may be difficult to visually recognize the color of the guide block itself and the color around the laying site.

  However, since the present inventor is not a person who specially studied amblyopia, when the visual acuity, depth perception, visual field, and adjustment function are impaired, the contrast between the color of the guiding block itself and the surrounding color of the laying site is low. It does not have the ability to elucidate why it is difficult to see. Therefore, only color vision will be discussed below.

  When light enters the eye, the color is felt by its composition as well as brightness. In this case, when viewed from the light, it is considered as a change in spectral composition, while when viewed from the eye, it is considered as a change in sensation.

  The color of light emitted from the light source itself and the color resulting from specular reflection when the light source color is received are referred to as the light source color. On the other hand, a color that appears by being illuminated with light from another light source without emitting light by itself is called an object color. Among object colors, a color that appears by diffuse reflection that reflects illumination light on the surface, such as a picture or a flower, is called a surface color, and a color that appears by diffuse transmission like a color slide is called a transmitted color.

  The color of the planar main body and the protrusion of the visually impaired person guiding block uses the surface color that appears due to diffuse reflection among the object colors.

  As described above, in the case of a sighted person, visual functions such as visual acuity, depth perception, visual field, adjustment, and color vision are comprehensively applied to visually recognize the contrast of the color of the guide block itself and the surrounding color of the laying site. can do. However, in the case of a weakly sighted person who mainly has a visual function failure, it is difficult to visually recognize the contrast between the color of the guiding block itself and the surrounding color of the laying site by comprehensively functioning each visual function. In order to solve this problem, it is ideal to visually recognize the color of the guide block itself and the color around the laying site by the color vision function. Therefore, the contrast between the color of the road or floor on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid and the color of the planar body of the visually impaired person guide block, and the color of the planar body and the color of the protrusion The contrast should be as large as possible.

The Japan Society of Illumination: The latest gentle vision (revised edition), 10, 1979, is a range of 10 ⁵ to 10 lux that clearly shows the color and shape of an object as “the range of brightness (illuminance) at which vision can work” The range is defined as photopic vision, the range of 10 to 10 ^-2 lux, in which the color and shape of the object can be understood somewhat, and the range of 10 ^-2 lux or less in which only the lightness and darkness of the object can be clearly understood is defined as scotopic vision. In the case of sighted people, the sensitivity of the visual system can be changed according to the amount of light coming into the eye, and it can be appropriately adapted to light adaptation, dark adaptation, and dimming. Those who have declined in function.

  Luminance changes depending on the lighting in the environment where the visually impaired person guidance block is laid, and the color of the road / floor surface (luminance). However, it is not an appropriate indicator for visually impaired people, including those with low vision. Therefore, it is preferable to adopt a luminance ratio that is not affected by the illumination under the environment where the visually impaired person guidance block is laid and the color (luminance) of the road surface / floor surface.

  Therefore, the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention preferably has a ratio of the luminance of the road surface or floor surface on which it is laid and the luminance of the planar main body in the range of 1.5 to 2.5. When the luminance ratio is in this range, the visual impairment of the present invention is not related to the illuminance of the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid, that is, in a photopic vision, dimmed vision, or scotopic vision environment. The contrast between the road surface or floor on which the person guidance block is laid and the planar main body of the visually impaired person guidance block is large and can be clearly seen.

  Further, in the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention, the luminance ratio between the luminance of the planar main body and the protrusion is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.5. When the luminance ratio between the planar main body and the protrusion is within this range, it is not related to the illuminance on the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid, that is, in a photopic, dim vision, or scotopic vision environment Thus, the contrast between the planar main body and the projection of the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention is increased, and the projection can be clearly seen.

  The luminance ratio between the planar body and the protrusions of the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention will be examined from another viewpoint, that is, data relating to the visibility by chromatic color scheme.

  Tsukada dare 1978: Color Aesthetics, Kinokuniya, and Chiakiiwa Hideaki, 1983: Color Science, Fukumura Publishing, has 9 colors of pure red, orange, yellow, green, purple, white, gray (N5), and black. , Visibility is described when combined with a pattern and ground respectively. The design is a Landolt ring with a diameter of 15 mm, a thickness of 3 mm, and a lacking part of the ring of 3 mm, and is indicated by the maximum distance (m) at which the lacking part can be visually observed under an illuminance of 2000 lx. This is described as Table-1. The left vertical axis is the ground color, and the upper horizontal axis is the symbol.

From this data, the color of the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid (hereinafter abbreviated as “road surface / floor color”), the color of the planar body of the visually impaired person guidance block (hereinafter “planar shape”). It is understood that the preferred combinations of the three colors, which are abbreviated as “main body color” and the color of the protrusion (hereinafter abbreviated as “protrusion color”), are as follows.
Road / floor color is red-Planar body color is yellow-Projection color is red Road surface / floor color is orange-Planar body color is black-Projection color is orange Road surface / floor color is yellow-Planar body color is black- Projection color is yellow Road surface / floor color is green-Planar body color is white-Projection color is green Road surface / floor color is blue-Planar body color is white-Projection color is blue Road surface / floor color is purple-Plane body Color is yellow-Projection color is purple Road surface / floor color is purple-Planar body color is white-Projection color is purple Road surface / floor color is white-Planar body color is black-Projection color is white Road surface / floor color is gray -Flat body color is yellow-Projection color is gray Road surface / floor color is gray-Planar body color is white-Projection color is gray Road surface / floor color is black-Planar body color is yellow-Projection color is black

Furthermore, the most preferable combinations of the three colors of the road surface / floor color, the planar main body color, and the projection color are as follows. The numbers on the left indicate the rank. 4 and 4 are in the same order.
1 Road surface / floor color is black-Planar body color is yellow-Projection color is black 2 Road surface / floor surface color is yellow-Planar body color is black-Projection color is yellow 3 Road surface / floor color is black-Planar body color Is white-projection color is black 4 Road surface / floor color is purple-planar body color is yellow-projection color is purple 4 road surface / floor color is purple-planar body color is white-projection color is purple

  Hereinafter, the hue name used in the present invention is defined by a display symbol by three attributes of the color represented by the general color name according to JISZ 8721. In the following description, the symbol after the general color name is a display symbol with three attributes.

  The red color used in the present invention is “very faint red 5R 8/3” “bright gray red 5R 6/3” “gray red 5R 4.5 / 3” “dark gray red 5R 2.5 / 2” “very dark” Gray-red 5R 1.5 / 2, “Light red 5R 6/7”, “Bright red 5R 4/7” “Dark red 5R 2.5 / 6” “Bright red 5R 5/10” “Red 5R 4 / 12 ”“ soft red 5R 2.5 / 10 ”,“ reddish red 5R 4/14 ”,“ bright red 5R 5/10 ”.

  The yellow color used in the present invention is “very light yellow 5Y 9/3” “light gray yellow 5Y 8/3” “gray yellow 5Y 6.5 / 3” “dark gray yellow 5Y 5/3” “very dark gray yellow” 5Y 3/2 "" Light yellow 5Y 9/7 "" Navy yellow 5Y 7.5 / 7 "" Dark yellow 5Y 5.5 / 6 "" Bright yellow 5Y 9/12 "" Yellow 5Y 8/13 " Includes "soft yellow 5Y 6/10" and "yellowish 5Y 8.5 / 14".

  The green color used in the present invention is “very light green 2.5G 8/3” “bright gray green 2.5G 6.5 / 3” “gray green 2.5G 4.5 / 3” “dark gray green. "5G 3/3" "Very dark gray green 2.5G 1.5 / 3" "Light green 2.5G7 / 6" "Nibu green 2.5G 4.5 / 5" "Dark green 2.5G 3/5 ”" Bright green 2.5G 6.5 / 9 "," Green 2.5G 5/9 "," Fluid green 2.5G 3/8 "," Bright green 2.5G 5/12 ".

The blue color used in the present invention is “light blue blue 2.5 PB 8.5 / 3” “light gray blue 2.5 PB 6.5 / 3” “gray blue 2.5 PB 4.5 / 3” “dark gray blue 2.5PB 2.5 / 2 "" Very dark blue 2.5PB 1.5 / 2 "" Light blue 2.5PB 6.5 / 7 "" Navy blue 2.5PB 4.5 / 7 "" Dark blue "2.5PB 2.5 / 5""Bright blue 2.5PB 6/10""Blue 2.5PB 4/10""Fluid blue 2.5PB 2.5 / 9""Bright blue 2.5PB 4 / 12 ”.

  The purple used in the present invention is “very pale purple 5P 8/3” “bright purple 5P6 / 3” “gray purple 5P 4/3” “dark gray purple 5P 2.5 / 2” “very dark purple 5P”. 5/2 "" Light purple 5P 7/7 "" Navy purple 5P 4/7 "" Dark purple 5P 7/6 "" Bright purple 5P 4.5 / 12 "" Purple 5P 3/12 "" Pink purple "5P 2/10" and "purple purple 5P 3/12".

  The achromatic colors used in the present invention include “white N9”, “light gray N7”, “gray N5”, “dark gray N3”, and “black N1”.

  The American painter Munsell proposed three color attributes, namely hue (hue: H), lightness (value: V), and saturation (chroma: C), for the surface color of the object. In response to this, the Architectural Institute, etc. recommends a recommended color range for general color adjustment of each part of the room and the outer wall. Among them, as a floor surface, hues are 5R to 10R, 10YR to 2.5Y, 7.5GY to 5G, 5BG to 10BG, 10B to 5PB and achromatic color, brightness is 5 to 6, and saturation is 4 or less. Is recommended.

  In addition, several standard colors are defined for advantages such as unified design, quick simplification, minimum level of guarantee and certainty of designation, convenience of construction management, and accumulation of technology. For the internal color scheme, the hue is 2.5YR to 2.5Y for dark colors, 7.5GY to 7.5G for medium colors, 7.5BG to 7.5B for cold colors, and the lightness / saturation ratio. 4 to 6/2 to 4 is recommended. Therefore, also in the present invention, it is preferable to adopt these recommended colors or standard colors for the color of the indoor floor.

  By the way, as described above, the color of the planar main body and the protrusion of the visually impaired person guiding block uses the surface color that appears by diffuse reflection among the object colors. The light reflected from the planar main body and protrusions of the visually impaired person's guiding block passes through the pupil and enters the eye, stimulates the retina, causes the eyes to feel a sense of brightness, and causes a color vision reaction. What is important in this process for visually impaired people and low vision people is that the light reflected from the planar body and protrusions of the visually impaired person guidance block is not from a certain direction, but visually impaired or low vision people from all directions. It passes through the pupil of the eye and enters the eye and stimulates the retina, causing the eye to have a sense of brightness and a color vision reaction. Hereinafter, this point will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  There are three types of reflection of light on the surface of an object: regular reflection and diffuse reflection, and incomplete diffuse reflection in which regular reflection and diffuse reflection are mixed.

  FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which the reflected light L2 from the surface S of the object is reflected by regular reflection. A typical example of regular reflection is specular reflection, and incident light L1 is reflected as reflected light L2 in a fixed direction at a reflection angle θ2 that is the same angle as the incident angle θ1. Therefore, in this case, a visually handicapped person or a weakly-sighted person is not preferable because the reflected light L2 does not enter the pupil unless it is in the same direction as the reflected light L2.

  FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a state where the reflected light L2 from the surface S of the object is reflected by incomplete diffusion. In the incomplete diffuse reflection, the incident light L1 is reflected as reflected light L2 in various directions like the surface of glossy paper, and the brightness of each reflected light L2 is not the same. It is a reflection type that becomes an incomplete circle. That is, in the case of incomplete diffuse reflection, the brightness of light reflected from the planar main body and the protrusions of the visually impaired person guiding block varies, and it is not preferable because there is light and dark depending on the location.

  FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which the reflected light L2 from the surface S of the object is reflected by diffuse reflection. In diffuse reflection, like a wall surface, incident light L1 is reflected as reflected light L2 in all directions, and the luminance is the same when viewed from any direction. Therefore, in this case, the reflected light having the same luminance enters the pupil regardless of the direction of the visually impaired person or the low vision person.

  In the case of diffuse reflection, a surface whose luminance is constant from any direction is called a complete diffusion surface. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining Lambert's cosine law. In FIG. 8, assuming that the luminous intensity in the normal direction is dIn and the luminous intensity in the θ direction is dIθ, the equation dIθ = dIn · cos θ is established between them. Accordingly, the light intensity dIn of light reflected through the one point P on the visually impaired person guiding block 1 and reflected in the tangential plane at P or a straight line perpendicular to the tangent, that is, the normal direction, forms an angle θ with the normal. It is preferable that dIθ = dIn · cos θ is established between the luminosity dlθ in the direction, and the locus T of luminosity is circular.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since both the planar main body of the visually-impaired person guide block and the dot-like projections or linear projections formed on the surface of the planar main body are thermoplastic materials, they are easily integrated by a two-color injection molding machine. Can be molded.
(2) Since the projection is a thermoplastic polyurethane, it has excellent wear resistance, has a high elastic modulus, is difficult to slip, has little deformation due to compression and shearing by the sole, and can improve weather resistance.
(3) By appropriately selecting a combination of the thermoplastic elastomer used for the material of the planar body and the thermoplastic polyurethane used for the material of the projection, the planar body and the projection are integrally formed by a two-color injection molding machine. Can be firmly bonded.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, since the thermoplastic elastomer used for the material of the planar body is an olefin-based TPE, the specific gravity is as light as about 0.9, and the cold resistance is good, and in a wide temperature range of −60 ° C. to 150 ° C. In addition to having no double bond in the main chain and excellent heat resistance and weather resistance, there are effects such as low temperature sensitivity of melt viscosity and high viscosity during processing.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, the thermoplastic elastomer is composed of 10 to 90 parts by mass of polypropylene and 90 to 10 parts by mass of ethylene / propylene / diene / terpolymer particles completely or partially vulcanized with a phenol-based vulcanizing agent. Since the compatibility of polypropylene and EPDM is particularly good, one polymer is dispersed in the other polymer by mechanical kneading, and microscopically and uniformly dispersed. In particular, improved weather resistance, suitable hardness (durometer A), tensile strength (MPa), modulus (MPa), compression set (23 ° C. × 22 h%), tear strength (N / mm) and adhesiveness (VSTPU, N / mm) are obtained.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, a projection that has excellent wear resistance, a high elastic modulus, is difficult to slip, has little deformation due to compression and shearing by the sole, and can improve weather resistance, It can be firmly bonded and integrally molded.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, regardless of the illuminance of the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention is laid, that is, in a photopic vision, dimming vision, or scotopic vision environment, The contrast between the road surface or floor on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid and the planar main body of the visually impaired person guidance block is large and can be clearly seen.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the visual impairment of the present invention is not related to the illuminance of the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guidance block is laid, that is, in a photopic vision, dimming vision, or scotopic vision environment. The contrast between the planar main body of the person guidance block and the protrusion is increased, so that the protrusion can be clearly seen.

  According to the invention described in claim 7, by making the color of the planar main body yellow and the color of the protrusion black, the visibility of the planar main body and the protrusion is improved particularly when the road surface / floor color is black.

  According to the invention described in claim 8, by making the color of the planar main body black and the color of the protrusion yellow, the visibility of the planar main body and the protrusion is improved particularly when the road surface / floor color is yellow.

  According to the invention described in claim 9, by making the color of the planar main body white and the color of the protrusion black, the visibility of the planar main body and the protrusion is improved particularly when the road surface / floor color is black.

  According to the invention described in claim 10, by making the color of the planar main body yellow and the color of the protrusion purple, the visibility of the planar main body and the protrusion is improved particularly when the road surface / floor color is purple.

  According to the invention described in claim 11, by making the color of the planar main body white and the color of the protrusion purple, the visibility of the planar main body and the protrusion is improved particularly when the road surface / floor color is purple.

  According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the light reflected from the planar main body and the protrusions of the visually impaired person guiding block of the present invention is uniformly reflected in all directions, and the luminance is the same when viewed from any direction. Therefore, the reflected light having the same luminance enters the pupil regardless of the direction of the visually handicapped person or the weakly sighted person, and there is an effect that the projections of the visually handicapped person guiding block can be seen well.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described by way of examples.
Example 1
The composition of the TPE composition for producing the planar main body of the visually impaired person guidance block of the present invention is as follows.
Compound parts by weight
(1) TPE: “Santoprene” (described above) 100
(2) Pigment 10
(3) UV absorber 0.5
(4) UV stabilizer 0.5

The composition of the TPU composition for producing the protrusion of the visually impaired person guiding block of the present invention is as follows.
Compound parts by weight
(1) TPU: “Elastolan 1198” (described above) 100
(2) Pigment: “Carbon black” 5
(3) UV absorber 0.5
(4) UV stabilizer 0.3

  For injection molding, dissimilar materials provided with injection heads with mold clamping pressure 200t-400t, injection capacity main 400-600cc, sub 100-200cc, L / D = 20-30, compression ratio 2.5-3.5 respectively Used an injection molding machine. This type of injection molding machine is a molding method in which a TPU is first injected into a mold of a protrusion, and then a flat part is injected by sliding the mold.

A TPU composition for producing the projections of the visually impaired person guide block was injected into a mold designed to mold the projections having the shape and dimensions shown in FIGS. The molding conditions at that time were as follows.
Cylinder rear temperature 190-210 ° C
〃 Central part 200 ~ 220
〃 Front 210-220
ノ ズ ル Nozzle part 220 ~ 240
Injection time 10-20 seconds Mold temperature 40-60 ° C
Injection pressure 1300-1500 kg / cm ²

Next, by sliding the protrusion mold, the planar body of the visually impaired person guide block is placed on the mold designed so that the planar body having the shape and dimensions shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is formed. A TPE composition for production was injected. The molding conditions at that time were as follows.
Cylinder rear temperature 180-200 ° C
〃 Central part 190-215
〃 Front 210-230
ノ ズ ル Nozzle part 220 ~ 240
Injection time 5-10 seconds Mold temperature 40-60 ° C
Injection pressure 1300-1500 kg / cm ²

  After the molding, the peel strength test between the planar main body and the protrusions was performed. As a result, the adhesive strength was 7.0 N / mm.

In addition, the hardness of the planar body (durometer A) is 86, 100% modulus (N / mm ² ) is 2.9, tensile strength (N / mm ² ) is 11.3, elongation (%) is 650, tear strength (N / mm) was 43.3.

Protrusion hardness (durometer D) is 55, 100% modulus (N / mm ² ) is 20, tensile strength (N / mm ² ) is 52.0, elongation (%) is 380, tear strength (N / mm) 140, wear loss (Taber wear H22 wear wheel, mg) was 35.

Measurement of luminance ratio
The visually impaired person guidance block manufactured in Example 1 was laid on the black road surface and floor surface. Using an artificial light source that allows you to adjust the light intensity freely, you can clearly see the color and shape of the object, 10 ⁵ to 10 lux of photopic vision, 10 to 10 ^-2 lux of faint vision that shows some of the color and shape of the object, only bright and dark objects made the ^10-2 looks less scotopic environment seen dimly. Using a luminance meter “LS-100” manufactured by Konica Minolta, the luminance ratio of the road surface / floor surface and the planar main body, and the planar main body and the protrusions was measured, and the result was 2.5.

Example 2
In Example 1, except that the pigment of the TPE formulation of the planar body of the visually impaired guidance block was changed to carbon black, and the pigment of the TPU formulation of the projection of the visually impaired guidance block was changed to Kadomi Yellow. The experiment was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1.

  The physical properties of the planar main body and the protrusions of the manufactured visually impaired person guiding block were substantially the same as those in Example 1.

  The blocks for guiding the visually impaired manufactured in Example 2 are laid on the yellow road surface and the floor surface, and the brightness ratios of the road surface / floor surface and the planar main body, and the planar main body and the protrusions in the same manner as in Example 1 As a result of measurement, it was 2.5.

Example 3
In Example 1, except that the pigment of the TPE compound of the planar main body of the visually impaired person guidance block was changed to titanium oxide, and the pigment of the TPU compound of the projection of the visually impaired person guidance block was changed to carbon black. The experiment was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1.

  The physical properties of the planar main body and the protrusions of the manufactured visually impaired person guiding block were substantially the same as those in Example 1.

  The block for guiding the visually impaired manufactured in Example 3 is laid on the black road surface / floor surface, and the brightness ratio of each of the road surface / floor surface and the planar main body, and the planar main body and the protrusions in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of measurement, it was 2.5.

Example 4
In Example 1, the TPE compound pigment of the planar main body of the visually impaired person guidance block was changed to Kadomi Yellow, and the TPU compound pigment of the projection of the visually impaired person guidance block was changed to dioxazine violet. The experiment was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1.

  The physical properties of the planar main body and the protrusions of the manufactured visually impaired person guiding block were substantially the same as those in Example 1.

  The visually impaired person guidance block manufactured in Example 4 is laid on a purple road surface / floor surface, and the brightness ratio of each of the road surface / floor surface and the planar main body, and the planar main body and the protrusions in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of measurement, it was 2.5.

Example 5
In Example 1, the TPE compound pigment of the planar body of the visually impaired person guidance block was changed to titanium oxide, and the TPU compound pigment of the projection of the visually impaired person guidance block was changed to dioxazine violet. The experiment was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1.

  The physical properties of the planar main body and the protrusions of the manufactured visually impaired person guiding block were substantially the same as those in Example 1.

  The block for guiding the visually impaired manufactured in Example 5 is laid on the purple road surface / floor surface, and the luminance ratio of each of the road surface / floor surface and the planar main body, and the planar main body and the protrusions in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of measurement, it was 2.5.

The block for guiding the visually impaired according to the present invention has a planar main body portion and a protrusion that are firmly integrated, and the hardness of the planar main body, 100% modulus (N / mm ² ), tensile strength, elongation, tearing The block for guiding the visually impaired is excellent for visually handicapped and visually impaired people because it has excellent physical properties such as strength and weight loss, and has a luminance ratio of about 1.5 to 2.5. Used as

Top view of one embodiment of the present invention Sectional view of FIG. Top view of another embodiment of the present invention Sectional view of FIG. Conceptual diagram showing regular reflection from an object Conceptual diagram showing incomplete diffuse reflection from an object Conceptual diagram showing diffuse reflection from an object Conceptual diagram showing Lambert's cosine law

Explanation of symbols

1: Block for guiding visually handicapped person 2: Planar main body 3: Point-like protrusion 4: Linear protrusion a: Inner diameter of point-like protrusion b: Outer diameter of point-like protrusion c: Height of point-like protrusion d: Adjacent Center-to-center distance e between point-like protrusions e: Width of the lower base at the time of the linear protrusion f: Width of the upper base at the time of the linear protrusion g: Height h at the time of the linear protrusion h: Upper base at the time of the linear protrusion Length i: the length of the lower base at the time of the linear projection j: the heart-to-heart distance l between adjacent linear projections l: the side L1 of the block for guiding the visually impaired L1: incident light L2: reflected light θ1: incident Angle θ2: Reflection angle S: Object surface T: Luminous locus dIn: Luminous intensity in the normal direction θ: Angle

Claims (12)

A block 1 for guiding a visually handicapped person composed of a planar main body 2 and point-like projections 3 or linear projections 4 formed on the surface of the planar main body 2 and laid on a road surface or a floor surface,
A block for guiding visually impaired persons, characterized in that the planar main body 2 is molded from a thermoplastic elastomer, and the point-like projections 3 or the linear projections 4 are molded from thermoplastic polyurethane. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer. The olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer is a polymer alloy comprising 10 to 90 parts by mass of polypropylene and 90 to 10 parts by mass of completely or partially vulcanized ethylene / propylene / diene / terpolymer particles. The block for guiding visually handicapped persons described in item 1. Thermoplastic polyurethane has hardness (durometer D) of 50 to 80, 100% modulus (N / mm ² ) of 10 to 40, tensile strength (N / mm ² ) of 40 to 70, and elongation (%). 2. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein the block has a tear strength (N / mm) of 100 to 200 and wear loss (Taber wear H22 wear wheel, mg) of 60 or less. . The ratio of the luminance of the road surface or floor surface on which the visually impaired person guide block 1 is laid and the luminance of the planar main body is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5. The block for visually impaired person described in any one of the items. The ratio between the luminance of the planar main body and the luminance of the protrusion of the visually impaired person guiding block 1 is in a range of 1.5 to 2.5, according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Block for guiding the visually impaired. 5. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein the planar main body is yellow and the protrusion is black. 6. 5. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein the planar main body is black and the protrusion is yellow. 6. 5. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein the planar main body is white and the protrusion is black. 6. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein the planar main body is yellow and the protrusion is purple. The visually impaired person guiding block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the planar main body is white and the protrusion is purple. The light intensity dIn of light reflected through the point P on the visually impaired person guiding block 1 and reflected in the tangential plane or perpendicular to the tangent line at P, that is, in the normal direction, and in the direction that forms an angle θ with the normal. The visually impaired person guiding block according to claim 1, wherein dIθ = dIn · cos θ is established between the luminous intensity dIθ and the luminous intensity trajectory T is circular.

Images